2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第59课
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记_第1-10课
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2)2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013新增)【2013阅读题】 (4)3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的 (8)4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013新增) (11)5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料 (16)6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版新增) (19)7. OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (23)8. THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (26)9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (30)10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (34)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】 a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management【管理，regulation】.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
2009～2014年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
2009中石油职称英语水平考试试卷类型：23 I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. The Chinese nation has __ significantly to the progress of human civilization.A. relatedB. contributedC. owedD. attached【解析】2007版第60课第3段，to contribut to + n.2. The bees __ out of their hive.A. flockedB. swarmedC. packedD. crowded【解析】2007版第47课第3段3. The __ school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the students' time is spent in classes, studying lessons.A. normalB. ordinaryC. regularD. commonly【解析】2007版第5课第4段4. He showed me how to turn on the lights and __ the air-conditioner.A. adjustB. adoptC. treatD. remedy【解析】2007版第38课第1段5. I was exhausted when I reached home, and I flung myself down on the front stepsto__.A. discoverB. recoverC. dissolveD. retreat【解析】2007版第41课第25段6. Travel and __ were changed when the steamship was invented.A. transportationB. tradidonC. transmissionD. transformation【解析】2007版第59课第8段7. Mr. Smith finally lost his __ and fouled Lincoln by grinding his foot with a boot heel.A. mindB. temperC. moodD. passion【解析】2007版第34课第5段8. Ants don't carry calendars around with them, but they show amazing accuracy __ the day of the year.A. in caseB. such asC. so thatD. as to【解析】2007版第47课第9段9. Schlesinger's __ task was to meld all headquarters, field, and staff programs into a unified department.A. initialB. initiativeC. initiateD. initiation【解析】2007版第41课第25段10. __ all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.A. In stead ofB. In spite ofC. In search ofD. Because of【解析】2007版第14课最后一段11. The first step is to __ your problem and go to work on it.A. recognizeB. revengeC. recollectD. receive【解析】2007版第26课第6段12.1 __ into the dark, sure that I would finally reach the hospital.A. work outB. set outC. make outD. put out【解析】2007版第41课第20段13. Smoking also __ the heart and blood vessels.A. inclinesB. affectsC. effectsD. surplus【解析】2007版第19课第6段14. I believe in the __ worth of the individual and in his right to hfe, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.A. superiorB. surplusC. supremeD. suppress【解析】2007版第7课第5段15. By November 1973 oil supplies were critically low, creating the most __shortages of energy since World War II,A. rigidB. acuteC. denseD. urgent【解析】2007版第28课第4段16. There is one suggestion that the footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could __ energy.A. assembleB. gatherC. generateD. yield【解析】2007版第16课第5段17. I am unable to __ what he is saying.A. concentrate onB. concentrate inC. finish withD. finish off【解析】2007版第57课第16段18. America's early __ were attracted by the fertile land and varied climates it offered for farming.A. settlersB. inherentsC. residentsD. lodgers【解析】2007版第39课第4段19. The U.S., generally acknowledged to be a step __ Britain on biofuel, has an estimated 600 stations that offer E85 (a fuel made of 85 percent bioethanol).A. in excess ofB. in advanceC. ahead ofD. in front of【解析】2007版第53课第14段20. Your speech class will make your nervousness work for you __ against you.A. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. less than【解析】2007版第21课第4段II. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. My husband's arm got hurt __ the iron tower.A. while we were climbing upB. while he is climbing upC. while he climbed upD. while we climbed up【解析】92四级，动词时态22. You __ me because I didn't say that.A. must have misunderstoodB. had to misunderstandC. must misunderstandD. must be misunderstanding【解析】大纲模拟题第2套第40题，情态动词23. The word's supplies of petroleum __A. are gradually exhaustedB. are being gradually exhaustedC. have been gradually being exhaustedD. have gradually exhausted【解析】大纲模拟题第6套第32题，被动语态，动词时态24. The police __ the records of all those involved in the crime.A. looking intoB. being looked intoC. is looking intoD. are looking into【解析】考研练习，主谓一致25. The modem __ long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in length.A. 7-inchedB. 7-inchC. 7-inchsD. 7-inches【解析】2007版第42课第18段，固定用法26. We regret __ you that the computers you ordered are out of stock.A. informingB. to informC. having informedD. m have informed【解析】05年专升本，动词不定式27. Not until the game had begun __ at the sports ground.A. had he arrivedB. he have arrivedC. he should arriveD. did he arrived【解析】倒装句28. The medical record shows that it was the drag, not the disease, __ killed him him several years ago.A. thatB. finallyC. the effects of whichD. the effect of which【解析】强调句29. Sound travels __ air.A. through water faster andB. where it is faster through water than throughC. faster through water than throughD. faster than through water and【解析】副词比较级30. Liquid water changes to vapor, __ is called evapA. whichB. whatC. thatD. it【解析】定语从句31. If I __ you, I would go to look for him.A. wasB. wereC. would beD. am【解析】虚拟语气32. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, __ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A. whileB. sinceC. asD. after【解析】as 的用法33. All flights __ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. having been canceled【解析】独立主格34. What's the matter? I smell something.A. burnB. burnsC. burningD. being burned【解析】现在分词35. It's very nice __ you to help me.A. forB. inC. likeD. of【解析】介词36. My grandfather has decided to make me go back to college immediately, study my lessons carefully, and __ .A. attain my master's degreeB. a master's degree must be attainedC. must attain my master's degreeD. to my master's degree I have to attain【解析】并列结构37. The habit of __ regular hours is of extreme importance to successful learning.A. keepB. keepingC. to keepD. kept【解析】动名词38. __ brings us together is __ we have common interests which transcend those differences.A. That, thatB. That, whatC. What, whatD. What, that【解析】主语从句，宾语从句39. __ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A. Looked atB. To look atC. Looking atD. To be looked at【解析】过去分词40.1 decided to go to the concert as soon as I __.A. finish what I didB. finished what I was doingC. would finish what I was doingD. finished what I did【解析】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:Washington D.C. was the first city in history to be created solely for the purpose of governance. Following the Revolution, members of Congress had hotly debated the question of a permanent home for themselves and for departments, such as the Treasury, th e Patent Office, and so on, which even the sketchiest of central government would feel obliged to establish. In 1790, largely in order to put an end tocongressional bickering, George Washington was charged with selecting a site for the newly designated federal district. Not much to anyone's surprise but to the disappointment of many, he chose a tract of land on the banks of the Potomac River,a few miles upstream from his beloved plantation, Mount Vernon.The District of Columbia was taken in part from Virginia and in part from Maryland. At the time it was laid out, its hundred square miles consisted of gently rolling hills, some under cultivation and the rest heavily wooded, with a number of creeks and much swampy land along the Potomac. There is now a section of Washington that is commonly referred to as Foggy Bottom; that section bore the same nickname a hundred and eighty years ago. Two port cities, Alexandria and Georgetown, flourished within sight of the new capital and gave it access by ship to the most important cities of the infant nation~harleston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Newport, Salem, and Portsmouth--and also to the far-off ports of England and the Continent.41. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The role of George Washington in the American RevolutionB. The first years of the United Slates CongressC. The governing of the federal districtD. The founding of Washington, D.C.42. In 1790 a large part of the federal district was__A. seashoreB. village squaresC. wildernessD. a flourishing port43. It can be inferred from the passage that the item "Foggy Bottom" in the second paragraph refers to a section of Washington, D.C. that__A. has the lowest population in the districtB. used to be the site of the national weather stationC. used to be mostly swamplandD. lies at the bottom of Mount Vernon44. Which of the following conclusions about the federal district is supported by the passage?A. George Washington's choice pleased almost everyoneB. Mount Vernon was not chosen because it was too close to the riverC. Congress was unable to agree on a locationD. Congress did not believe that a home for the federal government was necessaryQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dn Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:Daydream Listening: You can think about four times as fast as the average person speaks. So you have quite a bit of spare thinking time while waiting for the words to come in. Unconsciously, you use this time, if you are a poor listener, to let your thoughts drift elsewhere.For instance, your teacher is giving you some background material on American history. Your mind is with him at first. Then other thoughts drift into that spare thinking space. Without warning, they have taken over your mind entirely... I mustn't forget to go downtown after school for Mother. If only my bike was fixed!Maybe I can get Joe to come over Saturday and help me... Your thoughts drift on.Suddenly, with a jolt, you hear these words: "Now we'll have a little test on what I have been explaining." Ouch!So what to do to keep daydreams from filtering in? One way is to put that e xtra thinking time to work--on the subject. Sum up what the speaker is saying; look for major points. Pretend you are going to have to repeat his ideas. Put his words into your words. It isn't easy. It takes effort and time to learn. But the results are sure to surprise and please you."That's-What-You-Think" Listening: You have your own pet ideas on certain subjects. You don't like to hear anything which might make you question them. So when anyone begins arguing on the other side, you simply stop listening.Instead you plan what you are going to answer. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming narrow-minded an exasperating and unattractive trait in the other fellow. Is it any more becoming to you? No thanks, you say, and decide to hear the other fellow out. Maybe he is right. Maybe you are. But you can give him a better argument on your viewpoint if you hear what he says.Half-An-Ear Listening: Often other sounds compete for your attention and win. Your father gives you a list of errands. But his voice must compete with, say,your favorite song on the radio. Later, you find that half an ear wasn't enough. You didn't listen to your father's words closely enough to hear and remember them. You have to telephone home for a repeat performance. And you can't really blame your father for being irritated. Better to turn off the radio, shut the door on competing noises, if possible. If not, guard against your tendency to listen to distracting sounds.So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside that work against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.45. From this piece we learn thatA. there is a difference between heating and listeningB. listening requires little skillC. deafness is much more common than most people supposeD. it is easier to listen alone than in a group46. Poor listening can be attributed toA. faults within ourselvesB. bad habitsC. distracting outside influencesD. all of the above47. Because thought is faster than speechA. we know what the speaker will sayB. we have time to formulate argumentsC. we should avoid letting our minds wander aimlessly aheadD. it is best to have a speaker who talks very fast48. Listening is often difficult whenA. the speaker argues against your pet ideasB. the speaker's voice is poorC. you do not watch the speakerD. the room is poorly ventilatedQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Antarctica is a very large area of the earth's surface, but--until recent years--was the least studied. More knowledge of it is important for all mankind.Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In all this barrenness and cold, what is there of value?First, Antarctica is bound to have mineral resources comparable to those of other great continents . Coal--much of it of poor quality--has been found at many points along the 2,000 mile mountain system known as the Great Antarctica Horst. A writer has found a small deposit of manganese ore and rock specimens flecked with uranium or stained green by copper. These finds are important only as indications that further exploration would be worthwhile, and such a systematic effort has begun under SCAR (the Special Committee on Antarctic Research). This group is an outgrowth of the International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has broadened from geophysics to include mapping and biology.There are other possible economic values. Several intercontinental air routes lie across portions of Antarctica. Strange antibiotics have been found in the drifting plants of the Antarctic seas; the Russians are reported to be carrying in live herring to be dumped overboard in an attempt at sea "farming."But for the immediate future the great value of Antarctica may lie in other lines of research from the common cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutiny at a biological laboratory at McMurdo Sound, where clues to certain viruses are being sought in the study of epidemics among the utterly isolated members of scientific parties.As to space research, there is no place on earth better suited than the South Pole for certain kinds of observation. Here is a firmly fixed point, in contrast to the drifting floes that cover the North Pole; from it all directions are north, and during th e six months of darkness the stars circle around a point directly overhead. The United States established an observatory there in 1957 for the I.G.Y. and has maintained it ever since.Now it is an ideal space tracking station. Any vehicle on a mission in the southern half of the heavens remains continuously "visible" to an antenna at the pole. Such a station is also able to play a unique role in interrogating earth satellites in orbit over both poles.Such satellites---maintaining their steady sweeps as the earth revolves beneath them---cover nil parts of the globe and hence are ideal for weather observation, communications and other tasks. The South Pole would be the chock point on each circuit, snatc hing the data from space, processing them in computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the world.On all these counts, the scientists justify their voyages to Antarctica and the vast sums needed. But essentially their argument is a simple one. The great continent to the south is still largely unknown. In the quest for fundamental knowledge, which is t he heart and soul of all science, it cannot be ignored.49. A laboratory at McMurdo Sound is making a study ofA. the common coldB. plant life in the AntarcticC. man's adaptability to extreme coldD. sea life50. Antarctic's mineral resources are best described asA. of low quniityB. uncertain but potentially importantC. vital to world energy needsD. non-existent51. As a spot where radar antennae might be effective, Antarctic is important becauseA. there is plenty of fuel to make the elecuicity needed to operate radarB. in the cold, clear air, metal would not rustC. a scanning station at the South Pole could cover the whole southern hemisphereD. the cold clear air would help radar see clearly52. To a scientist the main reason for exploring the Antarctic isA. the fact that we know little about itB. the fact that it has many unusual featuresC. the benefits to mankindD. the opportunity to study the weatherQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Ryerson Machine Tool GuaranteeThis guarantee covers all Ryerson industrial tools.Dates of Coverage: All Ryerson industrial tools are guaranteed for 5 years from the date of receipt at the customer's factory or industrial facility.Type of Coverage: This guarantee covers all major tool failures clearly attributable to tool design or construction, and not ordinary wear and tear. Thiscoverage also does not extend to situations where the customer has placed the tools under exceptional stress not ordin arily encountered in industrial processes.Coverage Cancellation: This guarantee plan will be canceled in the case of fraud or misrepresentation by the customer. The notification of cancellation will be sent to the customer's e-mail provided at the time of purchase.Coverage Alteration: This coverage may be altered in the future as new product lines are introduced, or upgrades are introduced to existing product lines.Notice of any such alteration will be submitted to all customers by e-mail.Coverage Adjustment Notice:Ryerson Machine Tool GuaranteeThis supplementary notice is for all customers who have purchased Ryerson machine tools within the last two years.Adjustment: Recently, our firm has decided to end sales of the CV210 precision cutting tool in use in many of our customer's factories. Guarantees for these tools will end 90 days from the date of this notice.Discounts: Customers desiring to upgrade to our new CV211 precision tool as a replacement for the CV210 are eligible for 15% discounts for a period of 90 days from the date of this notice.Customers Continuing with CV210: Customers can elect to remain with the CV210, but will have to operate the tool without coverage from Ryerson.53. For whom is both information and notice intended?A. Potential customersB. Suppliers of industrial toolsC. Manufacturers of electronic componentsD. Purchasers of industrial devices54. Which kind of coverage is NOT provided?A. Use of the machine tools in conjunction with competitor productsB. Failure due to design specifications of the manufacturerC. Use of the tools in extraordinary production environmentsD. Failure m notify the manufacturer of a flaw within 90 days55. What is one of the reasons for issuing the supplementary notice?A. Ryerson is offering newer versions of an existing model.B. New customers may advance order a new product online.C. Ryerson has decided to end sales of the CV211 precision cutting tool.D. All customers will receive 15% discounts for a certain period.56. What will happen to users of the CV210 in the future?A. They may not have access to Ryerson technical and industrial informatiolB. They will not be able to use the tool because of its frequent failures.C. They may not receive information about further upgrades.D. They may continue to have it serviced for payments.Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:I don't know how I became a writer, but I think it was of a certain force in me that I had to write. And that force finally burst through and found a channel. My people were of the working class. My father, a stone-cutter, was a man with a great respect f or literature. He had a tremendous memory, and he loved poetry. The poetry that he loved best was naturally of the rhetorical kind. Nevertheless it was good poetry--Hamlet's soliloquy, Macbeth, Mark Antony's "Funeral Oration", Grey's "Elegy" , and all the rest of it. I heard it all as a child; I memorized and learned it all.He sent me to the state university.The desire to write, which had been strong during all my days in high school, grew stronger still. I was editor of the college paper, the college magazine, etc., and in my last year or two I was a member of a course in playwriting which had just been established. I wrote several little one act plays, still thinking I would become a lawyer or a newspaper man, never daring to believe I could seriously become a writer. Then I went to Harvard, wrote some more plays, starting to think that I had to be a playwright. After leaving Harvard, I had my plays rejected. And finally in the autumn of 1926, I had a moment of literary inspiration that drove me forward to dedi cate my life to writing. But I have never exactly been able to determine ail these questions like how, why, or in what mannen Probably the force in me that had to write at last sought out its channel. I began to write my first book in London. I was living all alone at that time. 1 had two rooms---a bed room and a sitting room in a little square in Chelsea in which all the houses had that familiar, smoked brick and cream-yellow-plaster look.57. We may conclude, in regard to the author's development as a writer, fatherA. opposed his becoming a writerB. made an important contributionC. insisted that he choose writing as a careerD. insisted that he read Hamlet in order to learn how to be a writer58. The author believes that he became a wriler mostly because of__A. his special talentB, his study at HarvardC. a hidden urge within himD. his father's teaching and encouragement59. The author.A. went to Harvard to learn to write playsB. worked as a newspaper man before becoming a writerC. began to think of becoming a writer at HarvardD. had always been successful in his writing career60. The author really started on his way to become a writer.A. when he lived in LondonB. after he entered collegeC. when he was in high schoolD. when be was studying at HarvardSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 61 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the 62 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use 63 we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life,and are the stock-in-trade (惯用言辞) of all who 64 the language. Such words may be called "popular," since they belong to the people 65 and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.On the other hand, our language includes a multitude of words which are comparatively 66 used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 67 to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, 68 from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formalconversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 69 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called "learned," and the 70 between them and the "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.61. A. at B. through C. with D. by62. A. relatives B. members C. mates D. fellows63. A. in spite of B. even C. despite D. even if64. A. say B. practic C. applye D. speak65. A. in public B. at most C. at best D. at large66. A. frequendy B. seldom C. irregularly D. much67. A. occasion B. prospec C. way D. reason68. A. besides B. but C. and D. or69. A. theme B. problem C. topic D. question70. A. compariso B. contrast C. distinction D. similarityIV. TranslationDirections: There are 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passage into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级:China is about to adopt its llth five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.China realizes that it has entered a phase of economic growth that is impo sing enormous demands on the environment. Unless them is a change in course, living standards will eventually be compromised. That is why the new five-year plan places great emphasis on the environment.China recognizes, too, that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So ithas laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.With such a clear vision of the future, the challenge will be implementation. Market econonfies are not selLregulating. They cannot simply be left on autopilot, especially if one wants to ensure that their benefits are shared widely. But managing a market economy is a difficult task. It is a balancing act that must constantly respond to economic changes. China's llth five-year plan provides a roadmap for that response.B 级：China is about to adopt its llth five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.China recognizes that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So it has laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.。
2008年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
2008年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案2008年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案英语水平考试试卷类型： 24答卷注意事项 1、请各位考生拿到试卷以后首先检查试卷类型（在本页右上角）是否和自己的准考证号末两位一致，如不一致请立即要求监考教师更换，否则将影响成绩。
2、本次考试包括试卷一和试卷二，考试时间为 9:英语水平考试试卷类型：24答卷注意事项1、请各位考生拿到试卷以后首先检查试卷类型（在本页右上角）是否和自己的准考证号末两位一致，如不一致请立即要求监考教师更换，否则将影响成绩。
2、本次考试包括试卷一和试卷二，考试时间为9:00-11:00。
试卷一为客观选择题，在标准答题卡上用2B铅笔将所选答案划出。
试卷二为翻译题，将译文写在答题纸上，填上单位、姓名、准考证号、考场号、考点，以备核对总分。
3、试卷一为标准化考试，所有答案必须在标准化答题卡上划出，若答在试卷上不予评分，后果自负。
4、在填写被准话答题卡时应注意：1）在填写“姓名、单位、准考证号”等栏目时，应用钢笔或圆珠笔。
在填涂准考证号时，一律用2B铅笔划横线。
注意准考证号不要漏涂或涂错，否则客观题部分将无成绩，责任由考生自负。
2）试卷一答题时一律用2B铅笔，若用钢笔或圆珠笔答题均无效，请按答题卡上“正确填涂”的示范划横线，横线长度和宽度以方框为准，若划“√、○、／、＼”等符号均为无效。
3）答题卡四角应保持平整，不应折角或皱卷，以免影响阅卷机工作。
4）如需更改答案时，应先用橡皮擦净后，再划线答题。
5、试卷二为翻译试题，请根据参加考试的级别选择一段翻译。
一律用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上。
字迹应尽量工整，用字规范，以免影响阅卷。
6、考场内考生只允许带2B铅笔、橡皮、尺子、钢笔或圆珠笔，其他词典、书本、资料和电子词典、B P机、手机、掌上电脑等工具一律不准带入场内。
7、遵守考场纪律，不得有交头接耳、左顾右盼、抄带纸条等作弊行为，一经发现，立即清除出场，并由人事部门严肃处理。
2009～2014年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
2009中石油职称英语水平考试试卷类型：23 I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. The Chinese nation has __ significantly to the progress of human civilization.A. relatedB. contributedC. owedD. attached【解析】2007版第60课第3段，to contribut to + n.2. The bees __ out of their hive.A. flockedB. swarmedC. packedD. crowded【解析】2007版第47课第3段3. The __ school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the students' time is spent in classes, studying lessons.A. normalB. ordinaryC. regularD. commonly【解析】2007版第5课第4段4. He showed me how to turn on the lights and __ the air-conditioner.A. adjustB. adoptC. treatD. remedy【解析】2007版第38课第1段5. I was exhausted when I reached home, and I flung myself down on the front stepsto__.A. discoverB. recoverC. dissolveD. retreat【解析】2007版第41课第25段6. Travel and __ were changed when the steamship was invented.A. transportationB. tradidonC. transmissionD. transformation【解析】2007版第59课第8段7. Mr. Smith finally lost his __ and fouled Lincoln by grinding his foot with a boot heel.A. mindB. temperC. moodD. passion【解析】2007版第34课第5段8. Ants don't carry calendars around with them, but they show amazing accuracy __ the day of the year.A. in caseB. such asC. so thatD. as to【解析】2007版第47课第9段9. Schlesinger's __ task was to meld all headquarters, field, and staff programs into a unified department.A. initialB. initiativeC. initiateD. initiation【解析】2007版第41课第25段10. __ all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.A. In stead ofB. In spite ofC. In search ofD. Because of【解析】2007版第14课最后一段11. The first step is to __ your problem and go to work on it.A. recognizeB. revengeC. recollectD. receive【解析】2007版第26课第6段12.1 __ into the dark, sure that I would finally reach the hospital.A. work outB. set outC. make outD. put out【解析】2007版第41课第20段13. Smoking also __ the heart and blood vessels.A. inclinesB. affectsC. effectsD. surplus【解析】2007版第19课第6段14. I believe in the __ worth of the individual and in his right to hfe, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.A. superiorB. surplusC. supremeD. suppress【解析】2007版第7课第5段15. By November 1973 oil supplies were critically low, creating the most __shortages of energy since World War II,A. rigidB. acuteC. denseD. urgent【解析】2007版第28课第4段16. There is one suggestion that the footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could __ energy.A. assembleB. gatherC. generateD. yield【解析】2007版第16课第5段17. I am unable to __ what he is saying.A. concentrate onB. concentrate inC. finish withD. finish off【解析】2007版第57课第16段18. America's early __ were attracted by the fertile land and varied climates it offered for farming.A. settlersB. inherentsC. residentsD. lodgers【解析】2007版第39课第4段19. The U.S., generally acknowledged to be a step __ Britain on biofuel, has an estimated 600 stations that offer E85 (a fuel made of 85 percent bioethanol).A. in excess ofB. in advanceC. ahead ofD. in front of【解析】2007版第53课第14段20. Your speech class will make your nervousness work for you __ against you.A. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. less than【解析】2007版第21课第4段II. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. My husband's arm got hurt __ the iron tower.A. while we were climbing upB. while he is climbing upC. while he climbed upD. while we climbed up【解析】92四级，动词时态22. You __ me because I didn't say that.A. must have misunderstoodB. had to misunderstandC. must misunderstandD. must be misunderstanding【解析】大纲模拟题第2套第40题，情态动词23. The word's supplies of petroleum __A. are gradually exhaustedB. are being gradually exhaustedC. have been gradually being exhaustedD. have gradually exhausted【解析】大纲模拟题第6套第32题，被动语态，动词时态24. The police __ the records of all those involved in the crime.A. looking intoB. being looked intoC. is looking intoD. are looking into【解析】考研练习，主谓一致25. The modem __ long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in length.A. 7-inchedB. 7-inchC. 7-inchsD. 7-inches【解析】2007版第42课第18段，固定用法26. We regret __ you that the computers you ordered are out of stock.A. informingB. to informC. having informedD. m have informed【解析】05年专升本，动词不定式27. Not until the game had begun __ at the sports ground.A. had he arrivedB. he have arrivedC. he should arriveD. did he arrived【解析】倒装句28. The medical record shows that it was the drag, not the disease, __ killed him him several years ago.A. thatB. finallyC. the effects of whichD. the effect of which【解析】强调句29. Sound travels __ air.A. through water faster andB. where it is faster through water than throughC. faster through water than throughD. faster than through water and【解析】副词比较级30. Liquid water changes to vapor, __ is called evapA. whichB. whatC. thatD. it【解析】定语从句31. If I __ you, I would go to look for him.A. wasB. wereC. would beD. am【解析】虚拟语气32. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, __ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A. whileB. sinceC. asD. after【解析】as 的用法33. All flights __ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. having been canceled【解析】独立主格34. What's the matter? I smell something.A. burnB. burnsC. burningD. being burned【解析】现在分词35. It's very nice __ you to help me.A. forB. inC. likeD. of【解析】介词36. My grandfather has decided to make me go back to college immediately, study my lessons carefully, and __ .A. attain my master's degreeB. a master's degree must be attainedC. must attain my master's degreeD. to my master's degree I have to attain【解析】并列结构37. The habit of __ regular hours is of extreme importance to successful learning.A. keepB. keepingC. to keepD. kept【解析】动名词38. __ brings us together is __ we have common interests which transcend those differences.A. That, thatB. That, whatC. What, whatD. What, that【解析】主语从句，宾语从句39. __ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A. Looked atB. To look atC. Looking atD. To be looked at【解析】过去分词40.1 decided to go to the concert as soon as I __.A. finish what I didB. finished what I was doingC. would finish what I was doingD. finished what I did【解析】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:Washington D.C. was the first city in history to be created solely for the purpose of governance. Following the Revolution, members of Congress had hotly debated the question of a permanent home for themselves and for departments, such as the Treasury, th e Patent Office, and so on, which even the sketchiest of central government would feel obliged to establish. In 1790, largely in order to put an end tocongressional bickering, George Washington was charged with selecting a site for the newly designated federal district. Not much to anyone's surprise but to the disappointment of many, he chose a tract of land on the banks of the Potomac River,a few miles upstream from his beloved plantation, Mount Vernon.The District of Columbia was taken in part from Virginia and in part from Maryland. At the time it was laid out, its hundred square miles consisted of gently rolling hills, some under cultivation and the rest heavily wooded, with a number of creeks and much swampy land along the Potomac. There is now a section of Washington that is commonly referred to as Foggy Bottom; that section bore the same nickname a hundred and eighty years ago. Two port cities, Alexandria and Georgetown, flourished within sight of the new capital and gave it access by ship to the most important cities of the infant nation~harleston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Newport, Salem, and Portsmouth--and also to the far-off ports of England and the Continent.41. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The role of George Washington in the American RevolutionB. The first years of the United Slates CongressC. The governing of the federal districtD. The founding of Washington, D.C.42. In 1790 a large part of the federal district was__A. seashoreB. village squaresC. wildernessD. a flourishing port43. It can be inferred from the passage that the item "Foggy Bottom" in the second paragraph refers to a section of Washington, D.C. that__A. has the lowest population in the districtB. used to be the site of the national weather stationC. used to be mostly swamplandD. lies at the bottom of Mount Vernon44. Which of the following conclusions about the federal district is supported by the passage?A. George Washington's choice pleased almost everyoneB. Mount Vernon was not chosen because it was too close to the riverC. Congress was unable to agree on a locationD. Congress did not believe that a home for the federal government was necessaryQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dn Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:Daydream Listening: You can think about four times as fast as the average person speaks. So you have quite a bit of spare thinking time while waiting for the words to come in. Unconsciously, you use this time, if you are a poor listener, to let your thoughts drift elsewhere.For instance, your teacher is giving you some background material on American history. Your mind is with him at first. Then other thoughts drift into that spare thinking space. Without warning, they have taken over your mind entirely... I mustn't forget to go downtown after school for Mother. If only my bike was fixed!Maybe I can get Joe to come over Saturday and help me... Your thoughts drift on.Suddenly, with a jolt, you hear these words: "Now we'll have a little test on what I have been explaining." Ouch!So what to do to keep daydreams from filtering in? One way is to put that extra thinking time to work--on the subject. Sum up what the speaker is saying; look for major points. Pretend you are going to have to repeat his ideas. Put his words into your words. It isn't easy. It takes effort and time to learn. But the results are sure to surprise and please you."That's-What-You-Think" Listening: You have your own pet ideas on certain subjects. You don't like to hear anything which might make you question them. So when anyone begins arguing on the other side, you simply stop listening.Instead you plan what you are going to answer. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming narrow-minded an exasperating and unattractive trait in the other fellow. Is it any more becoming to you? No thanks, you say, and decide to hear the other fellow out. Maybe he is right. Maybe you are. But you can give him a better argument on your viewpoint if you hear what he says.Half-An-Ear Listening: Often other sounds compete for your attention and win. Your father gives you a list of errands. But his voice must compete with, say,your favorite song on the radio. Later, you find that half an ear wasn't enough. You didn't listen to your father's words closely enough to hear and remember them. You have to telephone home for a repeat performance. And you can't really blame your father for being irritated. Better to turn off the radio, shut the door on competing noises, if possible. If not, guard against your tendency to listen to distracting sounds.So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside that work against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.45. From this piece we learn thatA. there is a difference between heating and listeningB. listening requires little skillC. deafness is much more common than most people supposeD. it is easier to listen alone than in a group46. Poor listening can be attributed toA. faults within ourselvesB. bad habitsC. distracting outside influencesD. all of the above47. Because thought is faster than speechA. we know what the speaker will sayB. we have time to formulate argumentsC. we should avoid letting our minds wander aimlessly aheadD. it is best to have a speaker who talks very fast48. Listening is often difficult whenA. the speaker argues against your pet ideasB. the speaker's voice is poorC. you do not watch the speakerD. the room is poorly ventilatedQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Antarctica is a very large area of the earth's surface, but--until recent years--was the least studied. More knowledge of it is important for all mankind.Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In all this barrenness and cold, what is there of value?First, Antarctica is bound to have mineral resources comparable to those of other great continents . Coal--much of it of poor quality--has been found at many points along the 2,000 mile mountain system known as the Great Antarctica Horst. A writer has found a small deposit of manganese ore and rock specimens flecked with uranium or stained green by copper. These finds are important only as indications that further exploration would be worthwhile, and such a systematic effort has begun under SCAR (the Special Committee on Antarctic Research). This group is an outgrowth of the International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has broadened from geophysics to include mapping and biology.There are other possible economic values. Several intercontinental air routes lie across portions of Antarctica. Strange antibiotics have been found in the drifting plants of the Antarctic seas; the Russians are reported to be carrying in live herring to be dumped overboard in an attempt at sea "farming."But for the immediate future the great value of Antarctica may lie in other lines of research from the common cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutiny at a biological laboratory at McMurdo Sound, where clues to certain viruses are being sought in the study of epidemics among the utterly isolated members of scientific parties.As to space research, there is no place on earth better suited than the South Pole for certain kinds of observation. Here is a firmly fixed point, in contrast to the drifting floes that cover the North Pole; from it all directions are north, and during th e six months of darkness the stars circle around a point directly overhead. The United States established an observatory there in 1957 for the I.G.Y. and has maintained it ever since.Now it is an ideal space tracking station. Any vehicle on a mission in the southern half of the heavens remains continuously "visible" to an antenna at the pole. Such a station is also able to play a unique role in interrogating earth satellites in orbit over both poles.Such satellites---maintaining their steady sweeps as the earth revolves beneath them---cover nil parts of the globe and hence are ideal for weather observation, communications and other tasks. The South Pole would be the chock point on each circuit, snatc hing the data from space, processing them in computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the world.On all these counts, the scientists justify their voyages to Antarctica and the vast sums needed. But essentially their argument is a simple one. The great continent to the south is still largely unknown. In the quest for fundamental knowledge, which is t he heart and soul of all science, it cannot be ignored.49. A laboratory at McMurdo Sound is making a study ofA. the common coldB. plant life in the AntarcticC. man's adaptability to extreme coldD. sea life50. Antarctic's mineral resources are best described asA. of low quniityB. uncertain but potentially importantC. vital to world energy needsD. non-existent51. As a spot where radar antennae might be effective, Antarctic is important becauseA. there is plenty of fuel to make the elecuicity needed to operate radarB. in the cold, clear air, metal would not rustC. a scanning station at the South Pole could cover the whole southern hemisphereD. the cold clear air would help radar see clearly52. To a scientist the main reason for exploring the Antarctic isA. the fact that we know little about itB. the fact that it has many unusual featuresC. the benefits to mankindD. the opportunity to study the weatherQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Ryerson Machine Tool GuaranteeThis guarantee covers all Ryerson industrial tools.Dates of Coverage: All Ryerson industrial tools are guaranteed for 5 years from the date of receipt at the customer's factory or industrial facility.Type of Coverage: This guarantee covers all major tool failures clearly attributable to tool design or construction, and not ordinary wear and tear. Thiscoverage also does not extend to situations where the customer has placed the tools under exceptional stress not ordin arily encountered in industrial processes.Coverage Cancellation: This guarantee plan will be canceled in the case of fraud or misrepresentation by the customer. The notification of cancellation will be sent to the customer's e-mail provided at the time of purchase.Coverage Alteration: This coverage may be altered in the future as new product lines are introduced, or upgrades are introduced to existing product lines.Notice of any such alteration will be submitted to all customers by e-mail.Coverage Adjustment Notice:Ryerson Machine Tool GuaranteeThis supplementary notice is for all customers who have purchased Ryerson machine tools within the last two years.Adjustment: Recently, our firm has decided to end sales of the CV210 precision cutting tool in use in many of our customer's factories. Guarantees for these tools will end 90 days from the date of this notice.Discounts: Customers desiring to upgrade to our new CV211 precision tool as a replacement for the CV210 are eligible for 15% discounts for a period of 90 days from the date of this notice.Customers Continuing with CV210: Customers can elect to remain with the CV210, but will have to operate the tool without coverage from Ryerson.53. For whom is both information and notice intended?A. Potential customersB. Suppliers of industrial toolsC. Manufacturers of electronic componentsD. Purchasers of industrial devices54. Which kind of coverage is NOT provided?A. Use of the machine tools in conjunction with competitor productsB. Failure due to design specifications of the manufacturerC. Use of the tools in extraordinary production environmentsD. Failure m notify the manufacturer of a flaw within 90 days55. What is one of the reasons for issuing the supplementary notice?A. Ryerson is offering newer versions of an existing model.B. New customers may advance order a new product online.C. Ryerson has decided to end sales of the CV211 precision cutting tool.D. All customers will receive 15% discounts for a certain period.56. What will happen to users of the CV210 in the future?A. They may not have access to Ryerson technical and industrial informatiolB. They will not be able to use the tool because of its frequent failures.C. They may not receive information about further upgrades.D. They may continue to have it serviced for payments.Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:I don't know how I became a writer, but I think it was of a certain force in me that I had to write. And that force finally burst through and found a channel. My people were of the working class. My father, a stone-cutter, was a man with a great respect f or literature. He had a tremendous memory, and he loved poetry. The poetry that he loved best was naturally of the rhetorical kind. Nevertheless it was good poetry--Hamlet's soliloquy, Macbeth, Mark Antony's "Funeral Oration", Grey's "Elegy" , and all the rest of it. I heard it all as a child; I memorized and learned it all.He sent me to the state university.The desire to write, which had been strong during all my days in high school, grew stronger still. I was editor of the college paper, the college magazine, etc., and in my last year or two I was a member of a course in playwriting which had just been established. I wrote several little one act plays, still thinking I would become a lawyer or a newspaper man, never daring to believe I could seriously become a writer. Then I went to Harvard, wrote some more plays, starting to think that I had to be a playwright. After leaving Harvard, I had my plays rejected. And finally in the autumn of 1926, I had a moment of literary inspiration that drove me forward to dedi cate my life to writing. But I have never exactly been able to determine ail these questions like how, why, or in what mannen Probably the force in me that had to write at last sought out its channel. I began to write my first book in London. I was living all alone at that time. 1 had two rooms---a bed room and a sitting room in a little square in Chelsea in which all the houses had that familiar, smoked brick and cream-yellow-plaster look.57. We may conclude, in regard to the author's development as a writer, fatherA. opposed his becoming a writerB. made an important contributionC. insisted that he choose writing as a careerD. insisted that he read Hamlet in order to learn how to be a writer58. The author believes that he became a wriler mostly because of__A. his special talentB, his study at HarvardC. a hidden urge within himD. his father's teaching and encouragement59. The author.A. went to Harvard to learn to write playsB. worked as a newspaper man before becoming a writerC. began to think of becoming a writer at HarvardD. had always been successful in his writing career60. The author really started on his way to become a writer.A. when he lived in LondonB. after he entered collegeC. when he was in high schoolD. when be was studying at HarvardSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 61 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the 62 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use 63 we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life,and are the stock-in-trade (惯用言辞) of all who 64 the language. Such words may be called "popular," since they belong to the people 65 and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.On the other hand, our language includes a multitude of words which are comparatively 66 used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 67 to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, 68 from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formalconversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 69 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called "learned," and the 70 between them and the "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.61. A. at B. through C. with D. by62. A. relatives B. members C. mates D. fellows63. A. in spite of B. even C. despite D. even if64. A. say B. practic C. applye D. speak65. A. in public B. at most C. at best D. at large66. A. frequendy B. seldom C. irregularly D. much67. A. occasion B. prospec C. way D. reason68. A. besides B. but C. and D. or69. A. theme B. problem C. topic D. question70. A. compariso B. contrast C. distinction D. similarityIV. TranslationDirections: There are 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passage into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级:China is about to adopt its llth five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.China realizes that it has entered a phase of economic growth that is imposing enormous demands on the environment. Unless them is a change in course, living standards will eventually be compromised. That is why the new five-year plan places great emphasis on the environment.China recognizes, too, that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So ithas laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.With such a clear vision of the future, the challenge will be implementation. Market econonfies are not selLregulating. They cannot simply be left on autopilot, especially if one wants to ensure that their benefits are shared widely. But managing a market economy is a difficult task. It is a balancing act that must constantly respond to economic changes. China's llth five-year plan provides a roadmap for that response.B 级：China is about to adopt its llth five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.China recognizes that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So it has laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.。
中石油职称英语教材课文配套练习 一课一练
中石油职称英语教材课文配套练习一课一练第一课The Value of Time 时间的价值1. "Time" the proverb "is money".A . says B. saying C. said D. say2. It will produce some useful work, or it will add to our experience.A. neitherB. eitherC. featherD. father3. There can thus be no doubt time is convertible into money.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. while4. An hour misspent is equivalent the loss of a banknote.A. inB. toC. withD. into5. Let us this in mind.A. beerB. barC. bearD. tear6. We shall find about fifteen or twenty years our disposal for active work.A. inB. toC. atD. with7. 翻译：If we allow these morning hours of life to slip away, unutilized, we shall never be able to recoup the loss. As we grow older, our power of acquisition gets blunted, so that the art or science which is not acquired in childhood or youth will never be acquired at all.第二课English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言1. There is apple nor pine in pineapple.A．either B. nor C. or D. neither2. 翻译：How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and wise guy are opposites, and quite a lot and quite a few are alike?3. You have to marvel the unique lunacy of a language.A. inB. atC. withD. to第三课All I Learned in Kind ergarten 幼儿园所学的... 1. Most of I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be,I learned in kindergarten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. those2. Put tilings back you found them.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. while3. Don't take things aren't yours.A. whichB. thoseC. thatD. in which4. We should hold hands and together.A. stuckB. stickingC. stickD. strike5. Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed inthe plastic cup-they all died. So we.A. doB. doingC. didD. done6. 翻译And it is still true; no matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it is better to hold hands and stick together.第四课How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判（新）1. Its business culture, has brought the world "shareholdervalue" and "IPOs", has been leading commercial thinking in recent years.A. thatB. whereC. whichD.2. Yet a euphoric approach to business is enough.A. by means ofB. by no meansC. in the means ofD. by the means of3. The emphasis is small talk and smiling.A. inB. atC. onD. to4. 翻译：If you give a talk in America, you should speak in a relaxed way and with plenty of jokes to capture your audiences' attention.5.。
中石化中级职称英语
1第一部分语法（第一章动词时态)1.This kind of computer often does only one job．这种计算机经常只做一种工作。
2.The premium is usually paid every year．保险费通常每年支付一次。
3。
At present,almost all our energy comes from fossil fuels．现在，几乎我们所有的能源都来自矿物燃料。
4。
Frequently，the transfer of energy involves a transfer from one bodyto another．能量的转化常常还包括能量由一个物体转移到另一个物体。
5.All substances are made of very small parts called molecules．所有物质都是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。
6.Julie does beautiful work with her hands．朱莉的手工活做得很好。
7.Iron is very strongly magnetic．铁具有很强的磁性.8。
The atomic weight is the relative weight of an atom of the element．原子量是该元素中原子的相对重量.9。
The proton has a positive electric charge．质子带正电荷。
10。
Temperature affects matter in many ways．温度在许多方面对物体产生影响。
11。
In 1678 the Dutch scientist Christian Huygens was the first to propose that light travels in waves．1678年，荷兰科学家克里斯琴·海根首次提出光以波的形式运行。
中石油职称英语语法及词汇
1. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't make out what color it was.2. The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually make jobs easier to do.3. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been exposed 。
4. Mr. Morgan can be very sad in private _, though in public he is extremely cheerful.5 . You should throw away__ these tables and buy new ones.6. _ In regard to _ their suggestions, we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.7. The medicine which the doctor gave her can only relieve _ 'her temporarily from pain.8. On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with naked _ eye.9. Many new _ opportunities _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.10. The weather is highly _ variable _ at this time of the year and it is hard to know what to wear.11. When you go to a new country, you must _ adapt _ yourself to new manners and customs.12. I found myself completely carried away by his vivid performance.13. These safety measures will result in _ the reduction of accidents.14. Some discussion has _ arisen _ about who should be put in charge of this project.15. _ In the light of _ these changes we must revise our plan.16. Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success encouraged him in his later s tudy.17. More and more cheaper materials are being_ substituted _ for the better, more expensive kind in production.18. We are taking _ up __ a collection to buy flowers for John because he is in the hospital.19. This is _ by no means __ the first time you have been late.20. The taxi had to pull up because the traffic light had turned red.II. Grammatical Structure21. So frightened was the girl __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.22. It was not until then that I came to know that knowledge comes from practice.23. Everything depends on _ whether _ we have enough time.24. I'd just as soon you didn't speak __ rudely to her.25. While you may be right, 1 can't altogether agree.26.--I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _ throwing up _--I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You'd better eat at home.27. His response was _ such _ that he didn't say yes and he didn't say no.28. There being nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.29. I went to my adviser to ask him what courses _ to take。
中石油职称英语等级考试资料大全
第一部分词汇知识通过分析总结历年中石油职称英语考试的词汇试题，我们发现中石油职称英语考试词汇部分考查的重点是：动词在上下文语义环境中的选择，动词短语在上下文语义环境中的选择，同一动词所组成的短语辨析，近义词短语辨析；名词在上下文语义环境中的选择，名词所组成的固定搭配，名词近义词辨析；形容词在上下文语义环境中的选择，形容词所组成的固定搭配；同一词根词汇辨析；常见名言名句考查等。
中石油职称英语试题考查的多是这些词汇项目的常见用法，详细内容请看《中石油2010职称英语考试大纲词汇部分》。
由于形容词、名词考查范围较广，考生最好的复习方式是多做模拟题库中词汇练习部分，在此不做具体解析。
下面我们将对本课重点部分--动词的高频考点一一解析。
动词考纲解读能够在真实的语言环境中恰当使用意义相近的动词、动词短语或固定搭配中的动词。
在动词和动词短语的测试中，几乎绝大多数为基础动词的考查，高的词有：get, tur n, make, put, go, give, break, cut, look, keep, bring, show, pick, hold, fall, carry, pill, catch, call, take等。
我们应该把动词和动词短语的区别放在鲜活的语境中。
(*考生切记：经编者认真考察，每年真题词汇部分必有选择题选自选读课本原文片段或经稍加改变，考生应认真阅读，了解选读文章，具体例子详见试题分析。
)命题趋势动词及其短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是考生学习中的重点，因此每年均为测试的重点，今后也将继续对其考查。
考查重点将集中在以下几点：1. 易混的基础动词及其短语。
2. 与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法的考查。
3. 部分基础动词及其短语的较高级用法。
突破方法平时要进行大量阅读，在阅读中理解动词及其动词词组的新意义。
知识点解读一•常用动词辨析1. advice, advise, persuade, suggest(1)advice是名词，与动词advise只是一个字母之差，不可混淆。
2008年中石油职称英语重点词汇
applicationPetroleum geology is the application of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration for and production of oil and gas. 石油地质学是地质学(岩石研究)在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。
The application of chemistry to the study of rocks (geochemistry) has many uses in petroleum geology. 化学应用到石油地质的岩石研究(地球化学)中有许多作用The application of physics to the study of rocks (geophysics) is very important in petroleum geology. 在石油地质中，将物理应用到岩石研究(地球物理)中很重要Impose施加（税、义务等负面含义的词）于…（常与on连用）选项中常见：A. dispose(处理) B. expose暴露 C. suppose假定 D. impose E. compose构成；F. propose提议1. These adjustments may impose enormous strains(压力)on a global economic system2. Within a month of the adoption of the plan, new environmental taxes on cars, gasoline,and wood products were imposed（收税）3. To translate its vision into action, the Chinese government will need strong policies,such as the environmental taxes already imposed（收税）4. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker（限制）5. The South African State Oil Company (SOEKOR) is under a statutory obligation imposedby its government（责任、义务）6. But if the U.S. were to impose punitive measures,（惩罚性措施） Iran would probablyretaliate. 但如果美国强行施加惩罚性措施,伊朗很可能进行报复。
2008年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
2008年中石油职称英语考试题（试卷类型05）I.VocabularyDirections:There are20incomplete sentences itl this part.For each sentence there are jour choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1.The whole country__with little red hearts on Valentine's Day.A.breaks outB.breaks inC.breaks intoD.breaks off2.If I were the president of a university1should__a compulsory course in"How to Use Your Eyes".A.estateB.elapseC.escapeD.establish3.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply.A.appreciatedB.approvedC.appealedD.applied4.Inflation is the first problem that the new government will have to.A.graspB.seizeC.tackleD.revolve5.I believe that truth and justice are to an enduring social order.A.formationB.fundamentalC.fountainD.friction6.Difficulties and hardships have the best qualities of the young geologist.A.brought outB.brought aboutC.brought inD.brought up7.Some of these"upside down"airmail stamps are now__over$6,000.A.worthB.worthwhileC.worthyD.worthed8.I'm with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-in dictionaries.A.knownB.friendlymonD.fantiliar9.Being able to save and accumulate__wealth is not automatic.A.consciousB.considerateC.considerableD.carefulI0.Wonderful__of nature are all around us.A.phenomenaB.philosophyC.appearanceD.experience11.With winter here you can these skirts till you need them again next summer.A.do away withB.put awayC.get rid ofD.give away12.Do you know where the pictures on money?A.fell fromB.resulted fromC.removed fromD.came from13.The statement that oil originated in the sea is__by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world.A.conformedB.confirmedC.confinedD.confessed14.Remember that customers don't__about prices in that city.A.discussB.disputeC.bargainD.consult15.Male cigarette smokers have a higher death__from heart disease than non-smoking males.A.speedB.degreeC.rateD.price16.Almost70percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated by in-store.A.decisiveB.decideC.decisionsD.decided17.Few people who__of high school will be rich.A.check inB.drop outC.check outD.run down18.I often__about how quickly time flies.A.conceiveplainplaintpile19.The good service at the hotel__the poor food to some extent.A.made up forB.mad use ofC.made forD.made out20.The early pioneers had to__many hardships to settle on the new land.A.go along withB.go back onC.go throughD.go intoII.Grammatical StructureDirections:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21.More than two thousands__work in this refinery.A.RussiaB.RussiasC.RussianD.Russians22.__in1943__the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A.Only...thatB.It was...thenC.That it was...whenD.It was...that23.The population of Beijing is three times__that of Qingdao.A.so large asB.as large toC.as large asD.as larger than24.The young receptionist doesn't permit__in the exhibition center.A.smokeB.smokingC.to smokeD.to have smoked25.The clerk asked Robey__later in the day.A.to returnB.returnC.returningD.to be returned26.I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for__the Chinese peopleare justly famous throughout the world.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.that27.When I pulled into her driveway,she__by the door with her coat on.A.waitsB.waitedC.is waitingD.was waiting28.Since1939,numerous scientific studies__to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.A.is conductedB.being conductedC.have been conductedD.are conducted29.There__a lot of on the roads yesterday.A.were...trafficsB.was...trafficsC.were...trafficD.was...traffic30.All the money__,we started looking for work.A.has been spentB.have been spentC.being spentD.having been spent31.China and America are separated by.A.Pacific OceanB.a Pacific OceanC.the Pacific OceanD.Pacific Oceans32.The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to__was eaten.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that33.__to completely cut off its oil supply,it would badly damage its own economy.A.If Iran isB.If Iran wasC.Was IranD.Were Iran34.One main branch of sea science,__,holds enormous unanswered questions.A.physical oceanographyB.is physical oceanographyC.called physical oceanographyD.what is physical oceanography35.He__his office for there was no one to answer the phone.A.must have leftB.must leaveC.may have leftD.can have left36.If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed fiat,the earth__by water more than12,000feet deep.A.is coveredB.would be coveredC.could have been coveredD.might had been covered37.Jane's family couldn't agree on where to spend__vacation.A.itsB.theirC.hisD.her38.I will leave him a note__he will know where we are.A.so thatB.thatC.in orderD.in case39.An__crowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitedly40.The teacher thinks that Tom for the accident and instead we should try tocomfort him.A.doesn't blameB.is to blameC.isn't to blameD.isn't blamedIII.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:There are5passages in this section.Each passage is followed by4questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fbur choices marked A,B,C and D.You shouM decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions41to44are based on the following passage:Scientists now believe that many,if not all,living things are born with some type of hidden clock.These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day,by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab,that familiar beach-dweller with tile overgrown claw.Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon,then begins to darken again at daybreak.This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight,and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness,be was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy.Yet another startling fact was revealed:the crab's shell reached the darkest color about50minutes latereach day.There was a second clock inside the crab,for the tides also occur50minutes later from day to day. Moreover,even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark,they continued their tidal rhythm.More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod,Massachusetts,reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island.The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the Cape Cod tides.Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches.But ants show amazing accuracy as to the day of the year.Each year,an ant nest sends out winged,young queens on mating flights.Hundreds of them may fly out of a single nest in the st summer,at the crest of my mountain,I watched an ant city prepare to send forth its young queens.At the precise moment that they took wing,a colony of the same species that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain,also sent its queen on a wedding flight.There was,of course,no way could the two colonies have checked take off time with each othen Entomologist Albro T.Gaul once jotted down in his notebook that a particular the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule.However,most flights take place within a definite period of time.Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations.What the birds really have is a clock like mechanism which allows them to time hours of darkness or light in each day.But what sends birds northward again in the spring?New research by Dr.Albert Wdifson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex.In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the"clocks"in migratory birds to undergo a kind of "winding"in preparation for their spring return and breeding.Then during the late fall and winter as the clock"ticks",certain physiological changes occur in the bird.The length of each day during the winter determines how fast the clock will run,and hence when the"alarm"will ring for the spring migration.The clock continues to run through breeding time,then stops--to be re-wound again the next fall.41.The alarm clock that determines the activity of certain living things is governedby____.A.hours of daylightB.the time of day in their native environmentsC.the moonD.something we don't understand completely42.The fiddler crab seems to darken his color according to____.A.amount of daylightB.time of tidesC.time of sunriseD.its background43.The reported activity of the ant colony occurred in relation to____.A.the position of the sunB.the day of the yearC.the temperatureD.the geographical location44.What controls the migration of birds seems to be____.A.time between sunrise and sunsetB.breeding habitsC.dark,cloudy days and bright,sunny daysD.direction of migrationQuestions45to48are based on the following passage:Medicine comes in many forms.In its liquid form,medicine affects the body very quickly.But the effects of liquid medicine aren't usually long lasting.That is why pills and capsules are also used.The pills and capsules being sold today aren't perfect,either.Pills dissolve in the stomach.The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve.But often,the pills dissolve too quickly.Scientists have been trying to develop a pill that can release medicine slowly over a long period of time.They have applied their knowledge of plants to produce the"osmotic(渗透的)pumppill'.The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose(纤维素).Cellulose is a very porous substance.There are millions of tiny holes,or pores,in the cellulose walls of plants.These holes are big enough to allow water through the cell walls.As water enters a cell,pressure builds up in the cell.The pressure pumps other substances out of the cell.These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall.This slow,steady process is called osmosis.The osmotic pump pill is coated with synthetic cellulose.Liquid medicine is contained in the pill.The holes in the cellulose coating of the pill are big enough to allow water in the pill As water from the body enters the pill,pressure builds up and the medicine is then slowly pumped out of the pill.45.The passage implies that the osmotic pump pill is better than other pills and capsules because____.A.it releases medicine slowly over a long period of timeB.the coating doesn't dissolve in the stomachC.the medicine in the pill can affect the body quicklyD.it helps to build pressure in the body46.The way that the osmotic pump pill works is based on a process called____.A.celluloseB.osmosisC.pressureD.synthesis47.The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pill when____A.the pill is swallowedB.the cellulose coating is dissolvedC.enough pressure builds up in the pillD.the medicine is dissolved with water from the body48.The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains____lions of tiny holesB.a substance that dissolves itC.a substance that creates pressureD.liquid medicineQuestions49to52are based on the following passage:Prices defermine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services,including labor,professional transportation,and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make up the"system"of prices.The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad,complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define"price",many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or,in other words,that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is,of course,valid as far as it goes.For a complete understmlding of a price in any particular transaction,much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount,but also with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged,the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made,the form of money to be used,the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction,guarantees on the product or service,delivery terms return privileges,and other factors.In other words,both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total"package"being exchanged for the asked amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.49.According to the passage,the price system is related primarily to____.bor and educationB.transportation and insuranceC.utilities and repairsD.products and services50.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT a factor in completeunderstanding of price?A.Instructions that come with a product.B.The quantity of a product.C.The quality of a product.D.Warranties that cover a product.51.In the last sentence of the passage,the word"they"refers to____.A.return privilegesB.all the factorsC.buyer and sellerD.money52.The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses____.A.unusual ways to advertise productsB.types of payment plans for serviceC.theories about how products affect different levels of societyD.how certain elements of a price"package"influence its market valueQuestions53to56are based on the following passage:Following the end of the Apollo space program,the National Geographic Society published an excellent set of articles about the moon.Here,in shorter form,are some questions and answers from one of these articles.Is the moon like the earth?Yes and no.It is more like it than many scientists thought before Apollo.Like the earth,the moon is in layers,with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below.It may also have a core,as the earth does. However,the crust is almost four times thicker than the earth's crust.We do not know much yet about the moon's mantle,that section of superheated rock which goes down hundreds of miles below the crust.We think~but we are not sure that the moon has a center core which includes molten rock,a.s the earth does.In other ways,of course,the moon is very different.There is no life,and there is no water.The makeup of its atmosphere is very different;the earth creatures cannot breathe in it.Is the moon hot or cold?Most scientists agree that some of the moon was hot for at1east a time.Rocks from the moon show that they were once melted.Right now there seems to be heat someplace inside the moon,possibly a great deal of it.On the surface,however,there is no sign of heat--no volcano,for example.The surface itself ranges from heat of230F to cold of minus290~F,depending upon where the sun is.Where did the moon come from?We don't know.The three main theories(ideas)are(1)that the moon was horn from the earth,(2)that the earth and the moon were born together at the same time from the same cloud of gas and dust,and(3)that the moon was born someplace else in the solar system and then captured by the earth's gravity.So far,none of these theories has been proved to be either fight or wrong.Professor George W.Wetherill of the University of California in Los Angeles says that he would give the first two-theories each a10percent chance and the third theory a20percent chance.The other60percent he would give to"things we haven't thought of yet."53.The atmosphere of the moon is__that of the earth.A.much the same asB.harder to see thanC.much different fromD.cleaner than54.The surface of the moon is___.A.so hot that it warms the earthB.much colder at all times than the earthC.about the same as that of the earth in terms of heat and coldD.sometimes much hotter,sometimes much colder than the earth55.In talking about the question of where the moon came from,Professor Wetherill of the University of California said that he believes that the answer is____.A.going to be found by1990at the latestB.that the moon was once part of the earthC.a chmd of gas and dust thom which both the earth and the sun were bornD.probably something no one has thought of yet56.Since earth creatures cannot breathe in the moon's atmosphere,we can safely say that____.A.it is impossible for people to live on the moonB.people would need special equipment in order to live on the moonC.there is no way to grow food thereD.no one would want to live thereQuestions57to60are based on the following passage:One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University,the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States,is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions,it is asking--still in private rather than in public whether its past assumptions about faculty,authority,admissions,courses of study,are really relevant to the problems of the1990's.Should Harvard---or any other university---be an intellectual sanctuary,apart from the political and social revolution of the age,or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions;or even an engine of the revolution?This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann,a distinguished Harvard graduate,several years ago."If the universities are to do their work,"he said,"they must be independent and they must be disinterested...They are places to which men can turn for judgments which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest.Obviously,the moment the universities fall under political control,or under the control of private interests,or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired...'This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today.Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students:that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals,and should not be"disinterested"but activist in bringing the nation's ideals and actions together.Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal,political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning.They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems,but they are struggling with them privately,and how they come out is bound to influence American universities and political life in the1990's.57.The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems,and whether they should___.A.fight militarismB.overcome the widespread drug dependencyC.take an active part in solving society's illsD.support our old and established institutions58.The word"paradox"in paragraph1is___.A.a parenthetical expressionB.a difficult puzzleC.an abnormal conditionD.a self-contradiction59.The word"sanctuary"in paragraph3is___.A.a holy place dedicated to a certain godB.a temple or nunnery of middle ageC.a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsD.an academy for intelligent people60.In the author's judgment,the ferment going on at Harvard___.A.is a sad symbol of our general bewildermentB.will soon be over,because dmes are bound to changeC.is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsD.will influence future life in AmericaSection BDirections:There are10blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B, C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.In1772,Goethe went as a young lawyer to Wetzlar,where he fell in love with the fiancte of his close friend Kestner.61he returned to Frankfurt and later discovered that Kestner had killed himself.These events formed the62of his beautiful novel The Sorrows of Young Werther,which is the most important literary work of the early romantic period.In1786,Goethe63Italy,and this had a strong64on his work,65him to66his earlier romantic style with the classic ideas to Greece and Rome.His masterpiece,"Faust",published in1831,was the67of50years of work.It is the greatest dramatic poem in the German language.Goethe died at Weimar in1832.These days,his68as one of Europe's mostfamous poets is stronger than69.And the town Frankfurt is always70with hisname throughout the world.61.A.Mournfully B.Happily C.Deceived D.Broken-hearted62.A.greatness B.condition C.basis D.reasons63.A.went B.arrived C.toured D.came64.A.resultant B.gear C.modify D.influence65.A.permitted B.allowing C.making D.convincing66.A.associate B.connect bine D.develop67.A.result B.consequence C.ending D.product68.A.reproach B.remainder C.reputation tter69.A.forehead B.ever ual D.others70.A.associated B.joined C.resulted D.ConsultedIV.TranslationDirections:There are1passage in this part of the test.You are to translate the passage into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级:71.The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time.What was happening in Britain during the Industrial Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon.A succession of visitors to Britain would go back to their countries to report on the technological innovations they saw there.Sometimes societies were able to learn extremely fast,as in the United States.Others,like Italy,benefited from starting late,leapfrogging the long-drawn-out process that Britain went through.This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent years.Over the last30years we have watched countries like Japan,Singapore and now China grow at a pace that is four times that of Britain at tile peak of the Industrial Revolution.They have been able to do this because of their energies,of course,but also because they cleverly adopted certain ideas about development that had worked in the West relatively free markets,open trade,a focus on science and technology,among them.And this shift is happening all around the world.From Thailand to South Africa,from Brazil to Mexico,countries are far better managed economically than they have ever been.We are sometimes reluctant to believe in progress.But the evidence is unmistakable.The management of major economies has changed greatly in the last few years.Careful monetary policy has tempered theboom-and-bust economic cycles of the industrial world,producing milder recessions and fewer shocks. Every day one reads of a new study compm-ing nations in everything from Intemet penelration to interest rates.All these studies and lists are symbols of a learning process that is accelerating,reinforcing the lessons of success and failure.B级：71.The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time.What was happening in Britain during the lndustriai Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon.A succession of visitors to Britain would go back fo their countries to report on the technological innovations they saw there.Sometimes societies were able to learn extremely fast,as in the United States.Others,like Italy,benefited from starting kate,leapfrogging the long-drawn out process that Britain went through.This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent years.Over the last30years we have watched countries like Japan,Singapore and now China grow at a pace that is four times that of Britain at the peak of the Industrial Revolution.They have been able to do this because of their energies,of course,but also because they cleverly adopted certain ideas about development that had worked in the West--relatively free markets,open trade,a focus on science and technology,among them.And this shift is happening all around the world.From Thailand to South Afl-ica,from Brazil to Mexico,countries are far better managed ecommfically than they have ever been.。
2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第52课
石油人论坛：2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第52课1. China is about to adopt its 11th five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in history这是旨在造福于世界近1／4的人口，为或许是历史上最为2.倒装Never before has the world seen such sustained growth; never before has there been so much poverty reduction.3．China realizes that it has entered a phase of economic growth that is imposing enormous—and unsustainable—demands on the environment.施加（税、义务等负面含义的词）于…（常与on连用）选项中常见：A. dispose(处理) B. expose暴露 C. suppose假定D. imposea. These adjustments may impose enormous strains(压力)on a global economic systemb. Within a month of the adoption of the plan, new environmental taxes oncars, gasoline, and wood products were imposed（收税）c. To translate its vision into action, the Chinese government will needstrong policies, such as the environmental taxes already imposed（收税）d. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker（限制）e. The South African State Oil Company (SOEKOR) is under a statutoryobligation imposed by its government（责任、义务）f. But if the U.S. were to impose punitive measures,（惩罚性措施）Iranwould probably retaliate. 但如果美国强行施加惩罚性措施,伊朗很可能进行报复。
2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第34课
石油人论坛：2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第34课1．One was of medium height.2．虚拟省略：在if引导的虚拟语气中，if从句中有had或者were, would则省略if把had或were或would提前a. If Lincoln had lived today, he would be a football coach’s dream.b. Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.c. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him._____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I_____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Were they arrivingC. Would they arriveD. Were they to arrive_____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. Were she to leaveC. If she leavesD. If she had left_____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Without beingC. Had it not beenD. Not having been3.虚拟Lincoln grasped Armstrong by the throat, lifted him clear of the ground, shock him as thought he were a rag and threw him so hard that he lay stunned.。
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课（20）
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课（20）第一篇：中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (20)1.The need for effective[adj.有效的] public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime[adv.将来某个时候,过去某个时间] in your life.When it does, you want to be ready.But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from studying public speaking.Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing[(organize):vt.组织] your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully[技巧的].The training is invaluable[munication[n.交流，交际].非常宝贵的] for every type of1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。
当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。
但是，即便你从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。
你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路、和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。
这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的。
分析：；effective有效地，efficient效率高的；sometime某个时候，some time 一些时间，sometimes有时候，some times一些次数； even if =即使； present V.介绍，赠给，展现，a.出席的，到场的；invaluable=priceless 无价的，非常宝贵的，valueless=worthless没有价值的；2.There are many similarities[(similarity):n.相似,类似] between public speaking and daily conversation[n.谈话；交谈].The three major[a.主要的] goals of speaking-to inform[vt.传达], to persuade[vt.说服；to entertain[娱乐]-are also the three major 劝说], goals of everyday conversation.In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ[vt.使用] a wide range[n.一系列] of skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧].You organize[vt.组织] your ideas logically[符合逻辑的].You tailor[vt.修改] your message to youraudience[n.听众].You tell a story for maximum[最大量(的)] impact[n.You adapt[v.使适应,使适合]影响].to feedback[n.回授,反馈] from your listener.These are among the most important skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧] you will need for public speaking.2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。
2008年高级(含教授级)任职资格外语考试试卷--英语(炼化工程)
中国石化集团公司2008年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷英语（炼化工程）（120分钟内完成）一二三题总分号 1 2 1 2 1-3得分一、 阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，共25分）短文1（12.5分）Much of any manager’s times is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss future policies. There are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings: some would be even less polite. There can be no doubt that meetings are part of every manager’s life. He should know how to cope with them. He should know the techniques of communication in meetings. He should know how to use these techniques to his own advantages.It is sometimes suggested that when a manager can’t think what to do, he hold a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communication. It may well be that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it.Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific purpose. Each of those attending the meeting has a need to be there andboth discussion and its result could not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. Do not have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient and effective.Questions:1.What is a meeting intended to be according to the passage?2.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?3.What should a manager know in meetings?4.When does a manager often hold a meeting?5.What is implied in the last few instances?短文2（12.5分）The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs?2. What does the word “economy” in the first paragraph mean?3. Why was it said in the second paragraph that the bread advertised was misleading?4. Explain the reason why fire insurance mentioned above is the positive advertising?5. According to the lecture what you should do when advertising is intended to appeal to you?二、 英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共45分）短文1（20分）With the economic development and the increase of the population, we are faced with the lack of water supply. From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption of water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics also show that a lot of water resources such as lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem.There are two main ways to solve the problem. First, with the development of high technology new resources may be found and the present ones can be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry.Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty.短文2（25分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一）A Many substances are being used in place of certain naturally occurring materials because either the natural product is unobtainable in sufficient quantity or, more usually, because the physical properties of the synthetic substance, as it is called, have been deliberately chosen, and even emphasized, in order to provide the maximum degree of usefulness in the field chosen for their application. In many cases, the synthetic product is the result of a deliberate attempt to imitate some rare natural material. Thus, celluloid（赛璐珞） resulted from efforts to produce a synthetic horn; cellulose acetate, such as safety film were the outcome of trying to reduce the inflammability of celluloid. Moreover, it is intended to show that these synthetic products have been “made to measure” in such a way that their internal molecular structure shows them with the very properties which are their characteristic attributes. In this way, these substances have been built up so as to possess all the advantageous properties of the naturally occurring material without those disadvantages so generally characteristic of natural raw materials.Typical synthetic products that are foremost in the minds of most people nowadays are plastics and artificial fibers. Both of these are substances put to a wide variety of uses.B In view of the development prospect of global refining industry, there is inevitable trend to upgrade refining industry. Refineries are tending to be large-scale, deep processing, integrated with petrochemical, cleaner, efficient and intelligentized by restructure. The global refining capacity increased from 3.86 billion tpy(吨/年) in 1982 to 4.06 billion tpy in 2000, while the number of refinery reduced from 784 to 742, which shows a notable extension in theaverage refinery scale, especially in developed countries. Regarding processing structure, capacity of deep processing units is increasing in developed countries led by the US. FCC capacity keeps steady while the capacity of hydro-processing and hydro-cracking units is significantly rising. Regarding product slate, Europe and America constantly introduce cleaner oil products meeting the requirement of environmental protection accompanied by an incremental output of jet fuel, diesel fuel and middle distillate. It is an urgent requirement for restructure in Asian refining industry, that is to say, it is necessary to optimize the processing configuration and product mix according to market requirement, to upgrade products quality meeting environmental requirement, to improve refining technology in order to fit for lower quality crude as soon as possible.三、 汉译英（将下列句子、段落译成英语，共30分）1. 句子翻译（10分）（1）网络确实有问题，但情况却决非像媒体说的那么糟。
2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第22课
石油人论坛：2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第22课1.地理位置介词A 在B的范围以内：in JiangSu lies in the east of China.A 在B的范围以外，隔海相望 to Japan lies to the east of ChinaA 在B的范围以外，临界 on Russia lies on the north of China.2.Alberta is located in the western part of Canada(locate位于，要用被动形式)3.borders on与…相邻4.have earned for it the proud name5.With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles,equivalent to 661,000 square kilometersThis is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more.6.rank 动词，排列Canada ranks 4th among the trading nations of the world.在世界贸易国家中，加拿大名列第四。
7.The province was named after Princess Louis Caroline Alberta,a daughter of Queen Victoria of England.以…而命名8.Even now, raising cattle is still one of the leading branchesof economy.But at present many more Albertans are farmers, who raise millions of tons of wheat, oats and barleyRise不及物动词，升起 The sun rises in the east.He rose from the chair.Arise 不及物动词，出现=appear Difficulties arise before us.Arouse及物动词，激发 The story arouses our interest. 9.Alberta is also rich in forest resources, coal and oil.富于China is rich in history.10.Alberta also produces more coal than any other province. 25: China is larger than ______.书外题(06试题)A. any countries in AsiaB. any other countries in AsiaC. all countries in AsiaD. Japan and Thailand as wellas Asia11.the temperature can drop to 20 degrees below zero.Like a snake, it winds across China. From its starting point below sea levelI could see the enemy shells exploding just below us.It would streak down to smash in the mountains below.that section of superheated rock which goes down hundreds of miles below the crust.。
中石油职称英语[2]
![中石油职称英语[2]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ec5f1ffcaef8941ea76e055b.png)
中石油职称英语培训笔记英语培训笔记第01课ensure/insure/assureensure+sth./that-clause 确保、保证……insure保险insure …car against……给…保险以防……insure oneself against……给自己保险以防……assure+人I can assure you my honesty.（但课文的用法等于ensure）举例（课本中涉及到的句子）：1.To ensure global energy security, it is important to strengthen dialogue and cooperation为保障全球能源安全，我们应该树立和落实互利合作、多元发展2. And we will endeavor to ensure sustainable development by boosting production, improving people's life and protecting the environment. 我们将努力确保生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展格局。
3．They cannot simply be left on autopilot, especially if one wants to ensure that their benefits are shared widely.(52课如果想确保大部分人都能分享市场经济带来的好处，就更不能放任自流。
)4．Lloyd’s has become famous for some of the unusual things it has insured. 劳埃德之所以有名还因为它对一些非平常的事进行保险。
例如它保险不生双胞胎。
5．For instance Lloyd has insured against the birth of twins. If twins had been born to the family insured, the company would have had to pay a certain amount of money to the parents. 例如它保险不生双胞胎。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第51-60课_课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录51. THOSE FASCINATING NORTHERN LIGHTS 迷人的北极光（2016新版） (2)52 SALES PROMOTION 产品促销 (7)53. OIL REFINING 石油炼制（2016新增） (7)54 ANOTHER HAPPINESS 另一种快乐 (15)55. IT’S NEVER TOO L ATE FOR SUCCESS成功不分早晚（2016新增） (20)56 WHY TO MARK A BOOK 怎样在书上做标记 (25)57 EARTH'S LAST FRONTIER:THE SEA 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (30)58. OUR MANY RESPONSES TO PAIN <NEW> (36)59. FOREST FIRES: A MAJOR DISASTER <NEW> (42)60 WHY ANTARCTICA IS BEING EXPLORED 为什么要勘探南极洲 (48)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
51. Those Fascinating Northern Lights迷人的北极光（2016新增）1. At 10:00 p.m. on March 23，1969, the Bowater Power Water Company in Deer Lake, Newfoundland experienced a disturbance on its system. The frequency converter at Comer Brook tripped off, shutting down half of the big paper mill. There was a radio blackout over most of the Atlantic Provinces. And accompanying these activities was a magnificient display of northern lights — boiling up out of the north and hanging in bundles of long rays like draperies across the sky. Ninety-three million miles away, a rather ugly looking sunspot was making its way across the disc of the sun.1. 1969年3月23曰晚上10点，保华特水电公司（the Bowater Power Water Company)位于纽芬兰（Newfoundland)鹿湖的设备系统出现了异常；科纳布鲁克（ComerBrook)的变频器跳间，使得一半的大造纸厂停产；大西洋沿岸各省的无线电中断。
2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第46课
石油人论坛：2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第46课1. More than的用法A. “More than＋名词”表示“不仅……”Modern science is more than a large amount of information.It proves nothing more than that he, his father, or his wife, was rich enough to buy them. 仅仅说明他、他的父亲或是他的妻子有钱买书而已“ anything more than”If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. 如果(你的)阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动B. “More than＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：I have known David for more than 20 years.C. “More than＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.D. 在“More...than...”中，与其…不如A book is more like the score of a piece of music than it is like a painting. 与其说它像下幅画，还不如说它更像一首乐曲的总谱。
E. “No more...than...”= not any more than …和…一样‟Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches. 蚂蚁不可能随身携带日历就像招潮蟹不可能带着真正的手表一样。