【高中英语语法】被动语态
英语语法被动语态考点总结
英语语法被动语态考点总结标题:英语语法被动语态考点总结一、被动语态的基本概念在英语语法中,被动语态(Passive Voice)是一种动词形式,用于表达主语是动作的承受者而非执行者。
其基本结构为“be + 过去分词”。
例如:“The book is read by Mary.”(这本书被玛丽阅读。
)二、被动语态的构成方式1. 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词。
例句:The cake is made by my sister every day.2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词。
例句:The house was built in 1980.3. 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词。
例句:The project has been completed successfully.4. 一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词。
例句:The meeting will be chaired by the manager tomorrow.5. 过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词。
例句:At that time,a new building was being constructed on the campus.6. 现在完成进行时的被动语态:have/has been being + 过去分词。
例句:For the past two hours, the experiment has been being conducted by the researchers.三、被动语态的应用场景1. 不知道或无需提及动作的执行者时。
2. 强调动作的承受者或者结果时。
3. 在科技论文、新闻报道、官方文件等正式文体中常使用被动语态以保持客观公正。
四、被动语态的转换与注意事项主动语态可以转换为被动语态,反之亦然。
高考英语语法填空--被动语态六大关键
高考英语语法填空--被动语态六大关键一、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词“be”加上动词的过去分词构成。
其中,助动词的形式根据句子中的时态、语态和人称的变化而变化。
二、被动语态的基本含义被动语态用于强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
被动语态常见于科技说明、新闻报道或事物描述等场景。
三、被动语态的运用1. 当我们不知道或不关心动作的执行者时:- The book was left on the table yesterday.- 在昨天,这本书被留在了桌子上。
2. 当动作的执行者非常明确或已经提到过时:- 比赛的获胜者将在明天宣布。
3. 在官方通告、规章制度或说明书中:- Visitors are required to wear masks in the museum.- 游客在博物馆必须佩戴口罩。
4. 当强调动作的接受者时:- The necklace was given to her by her grandmother.- 这条项链是她奶奶送给她的。
5. 使用被动语态使句子更加简洁,避免过多的主动语态:- 预计该项目将在今年年底完成。
6. 被动语态还可以用于书面表达中,使文风更加正式:- It has been decided that a meeting will be held next week.- 已决定下周将召开一次会议。
四、被动语态的注意事项1. 当宾语是人时,可在被动语态中使用介词“by”表示动作的执行者:- The letter was written by Mike.- 这封信是迈克写的。
2. 当句子中有两个宾语时,常用“to”或“for”引导的宾语作为被动结构的主语:- She was given a gift by her friend.- 她得到了一个礼物,是她的朋友给的。
3. 当动词是不及物动词时,需要加上适当的介词才能使用被动语态:- The meeting was talked about by everyone.- 每个人都在谈论会议。
高中英语语法被动语态详解
现在进行时的被动语态:am / is / are + being + P.P. 过去进行时的被动语态:was / were + being + P.P. 现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + P.P. 过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + P.P.
(2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader.
He had been considered to be a great leader.
the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the
chemistry lab without a teacher.
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 2. 一般过去时:
The students didn't forget his lessons easily.
risen. 误:The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误:After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第三,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式 及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语,如:
主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一 样。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的被动语态
高中英语知识点归纳动词的被动语态动词的被动语态是英语中一种常见的语法结构,在高中英语学习中占据重要的位置。
掌握被动语态的使用方法和相关知识点,对于正确理解和运用英语语法是非常关键的。
本文将对高中英语中动词的被动语态进行归纳总结,帮助学生更好地掌握和运用这一语法结构。
I. 被动语态的基本形式被动语态由"be"动词的不同时态形式加上动词的过去分词构成。
其中,被动语态的时态与主动语态保持一致,只是谓语动词的形式发生了变化。
例如:1. 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词(例句:The book is read by Tom. 这本书被汤姆读了。
)2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词(例句:The letter was written by John. 这封信是约翰写的。
)3. 一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词(例句:The cake will be eaten by the children. 蛋糕将会被孩子们吃掉。
)除了基本形式外,被动语态还可以与情态动词连用,形成不同时态的情态被动语态。
例如:1. 情态动词can的被动语态:can be + 过去分词(例句:The problem can be solved by the teacher. 这个问题可以被老师解决。
)2. 情态动词should的被动语态:should be + 过去分词(例句:The car should be repaired by a professional mechanic. 这辆车应该由专业的机械师修理。
)II. 被动语态的用法1. 当我们不知道或不关心动作的执行者时,可以使用被动语态。
例如:(例句:The vase was broken. 这个花瓶被打破了。
)2. 当动作的承受者比执行者更重要或更值得强调时,可以使用被动语态。
例如:(例句:The cake was made by my grandmother.这个蛋糕是我奶奶做的。
高中英语语法---被动语态
高中英语语法---被动语态语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,如:People grew rice in this area some years ago.被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,如:A new swimming pool will be built on our school.一.被动语态的构成被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be随着主语的人称,数,时态和语气的不同而变化。
各种时态的被动语态形式如下:1.一般现在时am/is/are+V(p.p)人们利用电能运转机器。
People use electricity to run machines. Electricity is used to run machines.Is electricity used to run machines? Yes, it is . / No, it isn't.2.一般过去时was/were + V(p.p)昨天我们在山坡上种了许多树。
We planted many trees on the hill yesterday.Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday? Yes, they were. / No, they were not. 3.一般将来时will/shall +be+V(p.p)下星期我们将举行一场运动会。
We will hold a sports meeting next week.A sports meeting will be held next week.Will a sports meeting be held next week? Yes, it will. / No, it won't.4.过去将来时should/would +be+V(p.p)他告诉我们人们将在他家乡建一个大水坝。
高中英语语法 被动语态
高中英语语法被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
如:He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:2、被动语态的句式变化:以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。
如:Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。
(一般过去时)Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)三、被动语态的用法:1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
如:The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
如:The room hasn't been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。
高中英语语法被动语态构成
高中英语语法被动语态构成被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要结构,用于表达主语是动作的承受者,而非执行者。
在高中英语研究中,被动语态的构成十分关键。
被动语态的构成由两部分组成:助动词be的适当形式和动词的过去分词形式。
下面是被动语态的构成说明:1. 现在时态被动语态的构成:be动词的适当形式 + 动词的过去分词形式- 例子:- 主动语态:She drinks coffee every morning.(她每天早晨喝咖啡。
)- 被动语态:Coffee is drunk by her every morning.(咖啡每天早晨被她喝。
)2. 过去时态被动语态的构成:助动词was/were的适当形式 + 动词的过去分词形式- 例子:- 主动语态:The students cleaned the classroom yesterday.(学生们昨天打扫了教室。
)- 被动语态:The classroom was cleaned by the students yesterday.(教室昨天被学生们打扫了。
)3. 将来时态被动语态的构成:助动词will be的适当形式 + 动词的过去分词形式- 例子:- 主动语态:They will finish the project next week.(他们下周将完成这个项目。
)- 被动语态:The project will be finished by them next week.(这个项目下周将被他们完成。
)被动语态在高中英语语法中的应用非常广泛。
掌握被动语态的构成对于学生们提高英语语法水平、写作和阅读理解都起到重要作用。
总结一下,高中英语语法中被动语态的构成是由be动词的适当形式和动词的过去分词形式组成。
学生们需要通过练习和应用来熟练掌握被动语态的使用。
高中英语语法——被动语态(30张PPT)
主语
谓语 宾语
二、被动语态的一般结构:
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动 词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被 动句时,原来的宾语变成了主语,原来 的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与 被动句的结构虽然不同,但动作的执行 者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
即:be+ done (+ by)
结构: be+ done (+ by)
1. Liu Xiang has ever broken the world record. The world record has ever been broken by Liu Xiang.
2. The floor has been cleaned by my mother.
My mother has cleaned the floor.
The old library is going to be pulled down soon.
E.g.:他的新书下个月就要出版了。
His new book is going to be published next month.
2 be to do sth. be to be done
E.g.:这个任务要在10分钟之内完成。
The wall is about to be painted by the worker.
Obama has become
the first AfricanAmerican president in the United States of America.
The Present Perfect Tense Sentence structure:
subject + have/has +been+ done
高中英语语法 —— 被动语态
高中英语语法——被动语态1、概述:英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
2、基本用法例句:Mary is loved by all her family.Is your child well taken care of by your parents?Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake.When will the work be finished?The work must be finished by tomorrow.Ought the plan to be put into practice as soon as possible?Who will be sent to the west this year?This car accident is being looked into.All the work has been finished by now.All the photos will have been developed by tomorrow.I was deeply impressed by the boy’s good behaviors.We are all surprised at your arrival.3、被动语态要注意的几个问题1). 把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.A new computer have been bought. (wrong)2). 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
英语语法 被动语态
语法学习
(一)被动语态一览表
(二)主动语态变被动语态的步骤
1.找出主动语态句子中的宾语,放在句首充当被动语态主语
2.把主动语态句子中的谓语动词改为被动式(be+过去分词),再根据原句的时态套上时态。
3.把原主动语态句子中的主语变为宾格形式放在介词by后面,以指明动作的执行者。
常常省略此项。
(三)几点注意事项
1.在“感官动词see,watch,notice,find,hear,listen to或使役动词make,let,have+宾语+不带to的不定式”结构中,当其中的谓语动词用于被动结构时,其中的不定式必须加to。
Teachers make the students work hard.(主动语态)
The students are made to work hard by teachers.(被动语态)
2.下列动词give,teach,tell,show,offer,pay,ask等,后面常接双宾语,称为双宾语动词。
这类动词变被动语态有两种形式:
①间接宾语(sb.)+be+过去分词+直接宾语(sth.)
②直接宾语(sth.)+be+过去分词+to (for)+间接宾语(sth.)
They gave me some books.(主动语态)
I was given some books.(被动语态)
Some books were given to me.(被动语态)。
英语语法被动语态的用法
英语语法被动语态的用法被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化。
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。
1、各种时态的被动语态结构如下:(1)一般现在时的被动语态:主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词(2)一般过去时的被动语态:主语+was / were +过去分词(3)现在完成时的被动语态:主语+have / has +been +过去分词(4)一般将来时的被动语态:主语+will +be +过去分词(5)过去将来时的被动语态:主语+would / should + be +过去分词(6)过去进行时的被动语态:主语+was / were + being +过去分词(7)过去完成时的被动语态:主语+had + been +过去分词(8)情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词2、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语。
Football is played widely all over the world。
全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者。
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon。
昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型。
It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA。
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
3、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语。
(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词。
(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面;如果没必要,可省略。
高中英语语法被动语态规则
高中英语语法被动语态规则被动语态是英语中重要的语法结构之一。
在句子中使用被动语态可以强调动作的承受者,改变句子的语气和结构。
下面是高中英语语法被动语态的规则:构成被动语态被动语态的构成是使用助动词"be"加上及物动词的过去分词形式。
被动语态的句子结构如下:肯定句:主语 + be动词 + 过去分词 + 其他成分否定句:主语 + be动词 + not + 过去分词 + 其他成分疑问句:Be动词 + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他成分 +。
被动语态的用法1.强调承受者被动语态可以使句子重点放在动作的承受者身上,而不是动作的执行者。
例如:Active voice: They built the house.(他们建造了这座房子。
)Passive voice: The house was built by them.(这座房子被他们建造。
)2.焦点在动作被动语态可以将动作本身放在句子的中心位置,而忽略动作的执行者。
例如:Active voice: He wrote the novel.(他写了这本小说。
)Passive voice: The novel was written.(这本小说已被写成。
)3.无法确定执行者在某些情况下,执行者不知道或无法确定,使用被动语态可以避免提及执行者。
例如:Active voice: ___.(有人偷了我的钱包。
)Passive voice: ___.(我的钱包被偷了。
)注意事项1.及物动词才能使用被动语态,不及物动词不能使用被动语态。
2.使用被动语态要根据上下文合理使用,避免过多使用被动语态,以免影响句子的流畅性和可读性。
以上是高中英语语法被动语态的规则。
熟练掌握被动语态的构成和用法,能够更好地理解和运用英语语法。
高中英语语法——被动语态用法归纳
高中英语语法——被动语态用法归纳被动语态是英语中一种常见的语法结构。
在被动语态中,动作的接受者被放在句子的主语位置,而动作的执行者则被放在句子的宾语位置或省略。
以下是高中英语中被动语态的用法归纳:1. 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成主要是通过“be + 过去分词”来表达动作的被执行。
例如:- The house is built by the workers.(这所房子是被工人建造的。
)is built by the workers.(这所房子是被工人建造的。
)- The letter was written by my sister.(这封信是被我姐姐写的。
)was written by my sister.(这封信是被我姐姐写的。
)2. 被动语态的用途被动语态在英语中使用广泛,常用于以下情况:- 当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。
例如:- The cake was eaten.(这个蛋糕被吃了。
)(动作的执行者不明确)was eaten.(这个蛋糕被吃了。
)(动作的执行者不明确)- The book is written in English.(这本书是用英语写的。
)(动作的执行者不重要)is written in English.(这本书是用英语写的。
)(动作的执行者不重要)- 当强调动作的接受者或结果时。
例如:- The city was destroyed by the earthquake.(这个城市被地震摧毁了。
)(强调结果)was destroyed by the earthquake.(这个城市被地震摧毁了。
)(强调结果)- The painting was done by a famous artist.(这幅画是由一位著名艺术家完成的。
)(强调接受者)was done by a famous artist.(这幅画是由一位著名艺术家完成的。
)(强调接受者)3. 被动语态与时态被动语态使用与相应时态的被动形式。
高中学习英语语法被动语态
高中英语语法 -被动语态一.定义语态(voice)表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
当主语是动作的用〔ActiveVoice〕;假如主语是动作的,动词便用Voice〕。
被动语态由be+及物动词的过去分词组成。
二.考点:考察时态和语态的掌握、与主谓一致连考题型:①②动词〔Passive例problemsolvedandtheforeignergotintothetaxi.(college graduates (encourage)to starttheir soundsreallygoodforthem.( 语法填空) elegantchopsticsmight (make)ofgoldandsilverwith Chinesecharacters.( 语法填空)短文改错) ownbusiness which三.做题步骤①判断语态②判断时态③套用详细时态的被动语态形式④注意主谓一致四.各样时态的被动语态形式一般此刻时:Subject+be(am/is/are)+done(过去分词)2〕一般过去时:3〕一般未来时:Subject+shall/will/begoingtobedone(过去分词)4〕过去未来时:5〕此刻进行时:Subject+be(am/is/are)beingdone(过去分词)6〕过去进行时:7〕此刻达成时:Subject+has/havebeendone8〕过去达成时:9〕带有神态动词时:Subject+神态动词+be+done(过去分词)五.掌握根基,学致使用(用所给动词适合形式填空)(request)nottotakephotoshere..Theclassroommust (clean)everyday.3.I(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIstudiedabroadornot.4.you(invited)toapartyheldinthesckoolhalltomorrow..Anewcinema(build)herenow.managerenteredthe officeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets _.(book).Ameeting(hold)whenIwasthere..----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet,therooms_____.(paint).Theletter(receive)already.10.Hesaidasatisfyingplan(put)forwardnextweek.六.被动语态与系表构造的差别并不是全部的“be+过去分词〞都为被动语态;有些为系表构造。
【高中英语语法】被动语态
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语 或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主 三、强调宾语 语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾 语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式 表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting .例: • English is easy to be learned. × • English is easy (for me) to learn. • 这道题很难解出. This problem is difficult to work out .
9)将来完成时(少用)
shall/will have been done
例: The project will have been completed before July. 10)过去将来完成时(少用) should/would have been done 例: He told me that my new clothes would have been made very soon.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组, 如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词” 等,也可以用于 被动结构,但要把 它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其 中的介词或副词也不能省略。例: The meeting is to be put off till Friday. We are looking after a little boy. A little boy is being looked after.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动 结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后 面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语. 例:
高中英语语法系列---被动语态讲义
被动语态1 构成1)构成:助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语间的关系。
英语动词有主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)两种语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示。
Father cleared away the snow in the yard.父亲清扫了院中的雪。
(主动)The snow in the yard was cleared away by father.院中的雪被父亲清扫了。
(被动)被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词后加not,也可用简略形式:isn't, aren't, wasn't, weren't, won't, shan't,hasn't, haven't,hadn't。
被动语态的疑问式是将第一助动词放在主语前,特殊疑问句式为:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如果特殊疑问句是对主语进行提问,要用陈述句语序。
English and some other foreign languages are taught in our university.我们大学开设英语和一些其他外语。
Is the novel written by Jack London?这部小说是杰克·伦敦写的吗?The whole city was destroyed by the earthquake.整座城市被地震毁灭了。
Will the protest meeting be held tomorrow?明天举行抗议集会吗?These elements shan't be sent over to the factory at once.这些元件不会立即就送往工厂。
The machine has been placed on a solid foundation.机器已经安置在坚实的地基上。
【高中英语】高中英语语法:被动语态
【高中英语】高中英语语法:被动语态除了课堂上的学习外,平时的积累与练习也是学生提高成绩的重要途径,本文为大家提供了高中英语语法:被动语态,祝大家阅读愉快。
语态是表达主谓关系的动词形式。
它分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语法是动作的接受者。
被动语态由be+及物动词过去分词组成。
我们来谈谈被动语态中应该注意的问题:一.双宾语动词的被动结构当双宾语动词变为被动语态时,间接宾语通常提前用作主语,直接宾语变成保留宾语。
如果主动结构中的直接宾语成为被动结构中的主语,则应在间接宾语前加介词to(省略)或for(一般不省略),即以下三种情况:theteachergavehimadictionary老师给了他一本词典。
他是一个虚构的人。
adictionarywasgiventohim给他了一本词典。
主动语态表示被动状态1.某些系动词构成的系表结构,可用主动语态表示被动意义。
这些花闻起来很香。
thesouptastesverydelicious那汤味闻起来真好。
2.有些动词后跟副词以表示被动意义。
常用的动词有wash、write、sell、lock、shut、clean等。
eg.thistypeoftelevisionsetsellswell.这种电视机卖得很好。
这支笔写得很好。
这支笔写得很流畅。
3.want,deserve,need,require,及worth等词后面的主动语态表被动意义。
在这些动词后(worth除外),既可以接动名词又可接不定式,接动名词要求用主动语态表示被动意义,接不定式要用被动结构。
孩子们需要照顾4.当不定式与它修饰的词之间有动宾关系,并且与句子的主语在意思上有主谓关系时,虽然表示的意思为被动,但却用主动形式。
我们有许多问题要解决。
我们有很多问题要解决。
5.当不定式作表语(或宾补)形容词的状语,又与句子中的主语(或宾语)有逻辑上的动宾关系时,虽然不定式有被动意义,但只能用主动形式。
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6)过去进行时was/were being done
例:A meeting was being held when I was there.
7)一般将来时shall/will be done
例: Hundreds of jobs will be lost closes. if the factory
5.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+
介词”,“动词+副词”等用于被动结构,把 它们看作一个整体。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
二、 如何使用被动语态
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动
执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例: My bike was stolen last night.
意义
5.主动形式表示被动
The door won't be locked
• 1)某些动词 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell, read,write,wash等,被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时。 The door won‘t lock. The book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。 • 2)blame,let(出租) I was to blame for the accident.对于这起事故我应受责 备。 Much work remains.还剩下好多活。
4.使役动词have,
make, let及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后的 宾补 例: She saw a stranger walk into the building.
A stranger was seen to walk into the building .
动词的语态
被动语态
被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
be + done
1) 一般现在时 am / is / are +done (过去分 词). eg.Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) 现在完成时 has /have been done.
• • • English is easy to be learned. English is easy for me to learn. 这道题很难解出. This problem is difficult to work out . ( )
被动语态与高考试题赏析
1. 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2). This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
3) --- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet, the rooms _____. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
4) --- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet, the rooms _____. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 5)I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
பைடு நூலகம்
作的
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 : I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
• 1)不及物动词或某些动词短语无被动语态:
4.不用被动语态的情况
• appear,die ,end (vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain, sit,spread,stand, break out,come true,fall asleep,take place • 比较: rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动 词。价格上涨了。 • (错)The price has been risen. • (对)The price has risen. • 事故发生在上周。 • (错)The accident was happened last week. • (对) The accident happened last week. • 2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语: • fit,have,hold,marry,own,cost,watch ,agree with, arrive at/in,happen to,take part inbelong to • Your story agrees with what had already been heard.你的故 事跟我们听到的相符。 • 3)系动词无被动语态:
• 3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。 • The door needs repairing.=The door needs to be repaired.这扇门需要修了。 • This room needs cleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。
4.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,
又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示 被动含义。 例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动
宾关系,与I 是主谓关系。) 试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
8)过去将来时should/would be done
例: The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9.将来完成时(少用)
shall/will have been done 例: The project will have been completed before July.
4)一般过去时
was/were done
例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5)过去完成时had been done
例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. (complete)
5.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子
的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的 主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting .例:
10.过去将来完成时(少用)
should/would have been done 例: He told me that my new clothes would have been made very soon.
被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构, 其形式为: 情态动词+be+过去分词。 例 : The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
All the preparations for the task have been completed,andwe are ready to start.
3)现在进行时
例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起.
A new cinema is being built here.
am/is /are being done
翻译: 他说错误一定要及时改正. He said that the mistakes corrected in time.
must
be
2)双宾语结构
His mother birthday. gave him a present for his
可改为: He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 或改为: A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.
3) “动词+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.