Unit 1 A Land of Diversity Reading and Comprehension 导学案-人教选修8精品
高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity Reading Califo
6.It is believed that before long the mix of
nationalities will be so great that there will be no
major racial or culture groups. T
NATIVE AMERICANS
• 1.Time: 15000 years ago
Spanish as a first or second language
RUSSIANS & GOLD MINERS
Do some T or F questions: 1.In the early 1800s, Russian hunters began settling in
California. 2.In 1848, before the American-Mexican war, gold
Unit 1
一个多元文化的国土
Do you know the following places?
Canada
San Francisco
⑦
Las Vegas
⑧
Los Angeles
⑥
Chicago
②
① New York
Washington D.C.
③
Atlanta
Mexico
Houston
⑤
Miami
was discovered in California. 3.A lot of adventures achieved their dream of
④
Ocean on the east coast A__tl_a_n_t_ic__O_c_e_a_n_____
高中英语《Unit 1 A land of diversity reading California》优质课教案、教学设计
人教版高中英语选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 教学设计Unit 1 A land of diversityReading CaliforniaI.教学内容分析单元话题和结构本单元主要围绕具有多元文化的美国这一主题展开，重点介绍了加利福尼亚的多元文化特征，使学生对加州移民有深入了解并认识到“美国是民族的熔炉”。
通过本单元学习，培养学生跨文化交际意识，进一步拓宽视野，为终身学习奠定良好基础。
II.Teaching Goals:1.To review what Ss have already known about California?2.To develop Ss’ some basic reading skills.3.To arouse Ss’ interest in learning about the history of people in California.4.To help Ss learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America, especiallyin California.教学重点和难点1.教学重点(1)本单元教学目的和要求中的生词和短语；(2)了解加利福尼亚移民的特点以及加州的人文、历史等。
2.教学难点(1)了解美国文化的多元化特征，培养学生跨文化交际的意识，提高他们自身的素质；(2)学会使用“方向和位置”来介绍一个地方或描述一个事件，以及鼓励别人说话的方法；(3)学写有关介绍国家或城市等的说明文。
III.Teaching Procedures:Purpose: To get Ss to know how to skim for the gist.To get Ss to know the brief history focusing on the settlement of the state of California.To let Ss learn how to organize an expository writing.1.L ead-inPurpose: To arouse students’ interest in the text and encourage Ss to imagine the content of the text.Ask Ss to listen to the brife introduction about USA and finish the quiz.2.FastreadingPurpose: To get a brief understanding of the text.(1)Ask Ss to look through the text quickly. Then ask them to divide the passage into three parts according to the main idea of each part.Part 1（）Brief introduction to California.California is the largest state with the largest in the USA.It’s also the most state because of its history.Part 2（）When and why people from different countries moved to California.Part 3（）The future of California.(2)Ask Ss to read the text again and work in pairs and finish the three tasks.Task 1 Read the para 2&3，fill in the blanks.※Native Americans1.Living in California2.They crossed the Bering Strait to America by means o f a .3.in the 16th century: Native American skilled by Europeansforced into slavery died from the diseasesurvived the terrible times16th century18th centuryIn 1821In 1846Task 2 Read the para 4&5,then complete the T or F1.In the early 1800s, Russian hunters began settling in California.2.In 1848, before the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.3.A lot of adventurers achieved their dream of becoming rich.4.California became the thirty-first state of the USA in 1850.Task 3 Read the para6-9,fill in the ter ArrivalsPart 3 The future: It will become a mixture of many races and cultures.※Summary （知识建构）California is the most state in the USA. The first settlers arrived in California by of a land bridge. In the 18th century, California wasby Spain, which had a deep effect on California. In 1848, gold was discovered in California, and the dream of becoming attracted people from all over the world. In the 1860s the building of the brought more Chinese there. In more recent decades, California has become to more people from Asia. Attracted by the climate and the , many people still to California. In the near future, California will become a mixture of many and cultures without any major racial or cultural groups.※巩固训练Check the new words and phrases in the reading.继续存在用...办法；通过习惯新的生活方式、工作等坚持；维持选择；选举；决定做某事大多数；大半※精讲点拨means n．手段；方法(单复数相同)eg.All possible means have been tried, but not a means has worked.所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但是没有一种方法奏效。
英语Unit1《A land of diversity》
Detailed Reading Introduction
California is the _______ third largest state with the largest population __________ in the USA. It’s also the most ____________ multicultural state because of its history.
4.Which doesn’t belong to the USA?
Statue of Liberty
White HouБайду номын сангаасe
Eiffel Tower
A.
B.
C.
Golden Gate Bridge
D.
5. Who is the president of America now?
A.
Bill Clinton
Do you know which country and which state these pictures shows?
The USA; California
1. Which flag is American flag?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Star-Spangled Banner
13 stripes —— the original 13 states Red---- courage
How many kinds of people are mentioned in this text?
Most Recent Arrivals
Native Americans
people
Later Arrivals Gold Miners The Spanish Russians
选修八Unit 1 A Land of Diversity Reading课件
9. California’s official nickname is the _______, it’s the ________ largest state in the USA. A. Sunflower State, Second B. Golden State, third C. Sunflower State, first D. Golden State, first
Part1 ( para1 ) Brief introduction to California.
Part2 ( para2-para9 ) When and why people from different countries moved to California. Part3 ( para10) The future of California.
Chinatowns in California
Reading
CALIFORNIA
Reading-task1
Read the passage and divide the passage into three parts according to the main idea of each part.
B
Steven Speilberg
A
Britain
Ronaldinho
C
D
Brazil
E
7. Where is the White House? A. California B. Alaska C. Washington D. Texas 8. ___has the largest population in the USA. A. California B. Alaska C. Washington D. Texas
新人教版选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading[课件]
![新人教版选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading[课件]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/645d384233687e21af45a91d.png)
Skimming
CALIFORNIA Stage People Time Event Asians 15,000 Arrived first Native Americans Suffered by Natives 1600s Europeans
Stage
People
Time
Event
1600s Took natives land Spanish 1800s Ruled by Spain The Became part 1821 of Mexico Spanish Declared war 1846 & Given back
General knowledge quiz about California
A 1. California is the ________ largest state in the USA. A.third B. Second C.fourth D. fifth 2. California, a state in the western USA, borders ________. A A. the Pacific Ocean B.the Indian Ocean C. the Atlantic Ocean D.the Arctic Ocean 3. _____ is California’s largest and the nation’s B second largest city. A. Sacramento B. Los Angeles C. San Diego D. San Francisco
Pre-reading
How each picture is relevant to the history of California?
高中英语选修八课文与翻译
选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.Unit1 加利福尼亚加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseasesbrought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are moreNative Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。
高中英语 Unit1 A land of diversity reading学案 新人教版选修8
高中英语 Unit1 A land of diversityreading学案新人教版选修8A land of diversity reading学案新人教版选修8【学习目标】1、使用适当的阅读方法与技能, 把握课文内容并获取信息，处理信息。
2、更多地了解美国的多元文化特征，并逐步培养跨文化交际意识。
【学习重点，难点】更多地了解美国的多元文化特征，并逐步培养跨文化交际意识。
【课型】新授课【回顾预习】1、Read the new words for three times and go through the text、2、Prepare the class report: What do you know about the USA?【新知识学习】Step1、Class Report:Step2、 Self-learning（自主学习)Warming up: Competition about the general knowledge of USA1、Which city is the capital of the USA?A、 New YorkB、 Washington,D、C、C、 Los Angeles2、 What is the national flower of America?A、 RoseB、 Peony (牡丹)C、 Cherry blossom3、 The most important and largest river in the USA is________、A、 the Mississippi RiverB、 the Ohio RiverC、 the Missouri RiverD、 the Colorado River4、 How many stars are in American flag?A、13B、48C、505、 Which is the largest city in the US?A、 New YorkB、 WashingtonD、C、C、 Los Angeles6、 When is American Independence Day?A、 June4thB、 July4thC、 August14th7、 The official nickname(别名)of _________ is “Golden State”A、 HawaiiB、 AlaskaC、 FloridaD、 CaliforniaPre-reading Look at the pictures in the reading passage、 Each illustrates something about California、 Discuss in groups what each picture means to you: ; ; Skimming:1、What’s the topic of this text?A、 the culture of CaliforniaB、 the history of CaliforniaC、 the weather of California2、 How many kinds of peoples (民族)are talked in this text? What are they?Scanning:Beside each cultural group write the period of time in which they first came to California RussiansChineseItaliansDanes Koreans Cambodians PakistanisDetailed reading:Introduction (Para、1)：The Characteristics of CaliforniaCalifornia is the most___________ state and the ____ largest state with the_______ population、Native Americans1、Time:______________2、 How did they come : _____________________3、 What happened to them after the arrival of the Europeans? The Spanish16th century18th century in1821in1846 Influence: Russian& Gold- Miners1、Translate the first sentence、 In the early1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California、2、 Do some T or F questions:1、In1848, before the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California、 ( )2、A lot of adventures achieved their dream of becoming rich、 ( )3、California become the thirty-first state of the United states of American in1850、 ( )Later arrivals & most recent arrivals1、Which event brought even large members of Chinese immigrants to California?2、 Later arrivals include immigrants such as________ _________, ______,________, __________ and _________、The futureWhat attract people from different parts of the world to California? Step3、Discussion and presentation 小组讨论自主学习中的问题，并进行展示和点评,点评过程中要注意补充和质疑。
选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity reading
• It is likely that… 很可能… • at least 至少 • by means of 通过 • in prehistoric times 史前 • the arrival of… …的到来 • in addition 另外 • survive these terrible times 经历了这段恐怖的时期幸存了下来The Nhomakorabeapainsh
in 1846
Influence: today over 40% of Californians speak Spainish as a first or second language
• • • • • •
fight against 与…作战 teach the Catholic religion to… 传授天主教 gain one’s independence from…脱离…获得独立 declare war on… 向…宣战 lose the war 战败 a strong influence 一种很强的影响 • as a first or second language 作为第一或第二语言
• • • •
Chinese-Americans 美籍华人 a large percentage 很大比例 establish a town 建立城镇 at the beginning of… 在…初/开始时
Chinatown
immigrate to… 移民到… before long 不久之后 cultural groups 文化群体 a mixture of many races and cultures
T
• • • • • • •
not long after… 在…之后不久 the dream of becoming rich 发财梦 the Pacific Islands 太平洋岛国 achieved one’s dream of… 实现某人…的梦想 remain in California 留在加州 make a life 劳作谋生 a multicultural society 一个多文化的社会
英语：Unit1《A land of diversity》reading 课件(新人教版选修8)
He was a gold miner. He was panning gold (淘金). He looked not only thin and weak, but also thirsty and tired. It was difficult for them to achieve the dream of becoming rich.
The Future What will California be like in the future? It will become a mixture of many races and cultures.
Beside each cultural group review the period in which they first came to California in large numbers.
Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco. By 1990, the nations being immigrated from different parts of the world had made California into the most racially and ethnically diverse state in the country.
(完整版)人教版高中英语选修8课文及翻译
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
unit1-A-land-of-diversity-reading-课件
2. From the passage, we know that C ____. A. European and Jewish people came to see films in Hollywood B. People from Mexico came to work in the ship and aircraft industries C. Indians and Pakistanis have made contributions to the Californian computer industry D. There will be major racial or cultural groups in California in the future
3. Which event brought even large members of Chinese immigrants to California? A A.To build the railway from W to E in the 1860s B. To make wine during the late 19th century C. To achieve their dreams during the Gold Rush Period D. To develop film industry in the 1920s
8
6
San Francisco2Los Angeles
1
Mexico
4
Mexico Gulf
A quiz: How much you know about the USA.
The USA lies in _________________, the North America bordering both the ________ AtlanticOcean and Pacific Ocean, between _______ the ________ Canada and ________. Mexico There are _____ fifty states in the US. 48 of them are in the single region（同一 Hawaii 区域）, while Alaska ______ and _______ are not contiguous (临近的）with any of the other states.
英语：Unit1《A land of diversity-warming up and reading》(人教新课标选修8)
➢What sufferings did the arrival of Europeans bring to them?
✓Thousands were killed by Europeans.
✓Or were forced into slavery.
✓Many died from the diseases.
San Francisco
California
Los Angeles
Pacific Ocean Mexico
Canada
Great lakes Boston New York
Chicago Washington, D.C
Houston
Atlantic Ocean
California
YMoGasnoeyblmdCeehiatniuenGteNisafaeutCtehLilhaoBooivnnsrecaiaeAsdleatnPgtontegalweer旧sdnlkec金约isenn山塞Cea金米lrify门蒂or大国ni桥家a a公nd园
√ A. New York B. Texas C. California
5. Which is the longest river in the USA?
√ A. Nile B. Yangtze River C. Mississippi
√ 6. Who is president of America? A. George W. Bush B. Obama C. Bill Clinton
arrival of Europeans bring to them?
➢How did they arrive there?
The first settlers crossed the _B_e_r_i_n_g_S_t_r_ait in the Arctic to America _________b_y amleaannds of bridge which existed in __________p_rethimisteosr. ic
Unit1Alandofdiversity(Module8)reading说课稿
Unit1Alandofdiversity(Module8)reading说课稿Unit 1 A land of diversity (Module 8) reading 说课稿一.教材分析：本单元主要围绕了具有多元文化的美国这一主题展开，其中重点介绍了加利福尼亚州的多元文化特征，培养学生跨文化交际意识;通过对加州移民的深入了解，使学生认识到“美国是民族的熔炉”。
本单元有助于培养学生跨文化交际意识，进一步拓宽视野，为终身学习奠定良好的基础。
本节课介绍了加利福尼亚州的在美国的地位，特色，人口种族及其历史。
二.教学目标Teaching goals1. 语言技能目标Enable the students to talk about things about the USA.2. 情感文化目标Help the students learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America, especially in California.3.语言知识目标掌握majority distinct,by means of,ocur, keep up,make a life,等重点词汇短语三，教学重难点Teaching important and difficult pointsLearn the huge diversity of races and cultures in California.四，教学方法Teaching methodsFast and careful reading; asking and answering activity; individual, pair or group work.五，教学教具Teaching aidsA map, a blackboard and a puter，recorder and tape六.教学步骤。
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Unit 1 Reading and Comprehension 导学案
美文欣赏
America
Located in the North America，the United States of America，containing fifty states，is a federal (联邦)country whose capital city is Washington. Besides，America is a well－developed country with the largest national economy in the world ，and it's reported that there're over 300 million people in the USA，most of whom are immigrants coming from the globe in different periods. And there's no doubt that America is a multicultural country. Most importantly，it precedes(领先) other countries in the world in economy，science，military，films as well，and that's why Hollywood films attract millions of viewers throughout the world every year.
课文助手
一、请将课文“California”译成汉语，然后参考译文助读自主勘误
译文助读
加利福尼亚
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，但却是人口最多的州。
加州的与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。
美洲土著人
最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。
然而，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
欧洲人在16世纪来到这里后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。
此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。
不过，还是有一些人经历了这些恐怖时期而活下来了。
今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比其他任何州的都要多。
西班牙人
在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的。
西班牙士兵最早是在16世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，夺去了他们的土地。
两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的
大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传播天主教。
l821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立。
加利福尼亚于是成为了墨西哥的一部分。
1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争的胜利之后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。
但是，这个州至今仍然受着很强的西班牙文化的影响。
这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
俄罗斯人
在19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。
今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25 000人。
金矿工
1848年，在美国同墨西哥战争之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。
发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。
距离最近，因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人，随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。
事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。
许多人死了或回家了，尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
后来的移民
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人居住，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“中国城”里。
19世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，也有些是制酒工人。
1911年，丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。
20世纪20年代，电影业在加利福尼亚州的好莱坞建立了起来。
这个新兴的行业吸引了欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。
今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。
日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的，而从20世纪80年代以来有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。
非洲人从19世纪在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。
然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作的。
最近期的移民
在最近的几十年里，加利福尼亚成了亚洲人的家，包括柬埔寨人、朝鲜人、越南人和老挝人。
从20世纪70年代开始发展计算机工业以来，加利福尼亚又吸引了印度人和巴基斯
坦人的到来。
未来展望
世界各地的人，由于受气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。
人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
二、课文精选段落背诵，请注意划线部分的语言现象
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows. However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times．In the 16th century，after the arrival of the Europeans，the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.
In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，when they fought against the native people and took their land．Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States．Of the first Spanish to go to California ，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives．In 1821，the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico，and after the war won by the USA，Mexico had to give California to the USA. However，there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.。