青岛大学881教育管理学2015年考研专业课初试真题
青岛大学881教育管理学2016-2017年考研专业课真题试卷
青岛大学考研专业课真题试卷
青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：881科目名称：教育管理学（共1页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、名词解释：（30分，每小题5分）
1.教育管理体制
2.直线式组织
3.教育政策
4.班级经营
5.“走班制”分层教学
6.领导特质理论
二、简答题：（40分，每小题10分）
1.简述管理的概念及其管理的要素。
2.简述教育管理活动的特殊性。
3.简述“书院”教育管理方式的特点。
4.简述教职工聘用合同制的特点与改革目的。
三、论述题：（30分）
党的十八届三中全会做出的《中共中央关于若干改革问题的决定》指出：“深入推进管办评分离，扩大省级政府教育统筹和学校办学自主权，完善学校内部治理结构。
强化国家教育督导，委托社会组织开展教育评估监测。
”
请根据你所学的教育管理理论谈谈你对以上内容的理解。
四、写作题：（50分）
假如你被推举为某所中学或小学的校长，你将如何管理这所学校？
要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）可以围绕管理理念、管理体制、教师管理、学生管理、课程与教学管理、德育管理等的某个或多个方面进行分析论述；（3）字数在1000字左右。
1
精都考研网（专业课精编资料、一对一辅导、视频网课）。
青岛大学896教育经济学2012--2015年考研专业课初试真题
青岛大学 2013 年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：896 科目名称： 教育经济学 （共 1 页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效 一、名词解释： （40 分，每题 8 分） 1. 人力资本产权 2. 教育社会需求 3. 教育产权 4. 教育适度规模 5. 教育结构 二、简答题： （60 分，每题 20 分） 1. 试述教育服务的主要特性 2. 试述教育对科技进步的作用 3. 试述人力资本的特点 三、论述题： （50 分） 我国教育投资存在的问题及对策
庆学院的一位毕业生也被明确告知没有面试机会。 小张表示， ‚我打听说他们只招收‘211 工程’高校的毕 业生‛ 。这是小张第二次参加招聘会，此前的几家媒体都未有 类似的情况发生。 ‚很是郁闷，也有些遗憾。 ‛ 2 日巡场发现，其实招聘时对学校作出限制的不仅一家。 珠海一家商贸公司招聘 23 人， 其中涉及 20 人的岗位均也要求 211 工程高校毕业生。还有一家广州著名地产公司的财务管理 岗位，也是要求‚211 工程院校‛本科及以上学历。 请根据教育经济学相关理论分析产生这种现象的原因， 并 提出解决问题的对策建议
1、加入 WTO 给我国教育带来的机遇与挑战 2、当前我国城镇居民教育消费存在的问题和对策
青岛大学 2014 年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码： 896 科目名称： 教育经济学 （共 2 页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效 一、名词解释： （40 分，每题 10 分） 1. 教育消费（狭义） 2. 教育间接成本 3. 知识经济 4. 教育经济效益 二、简答题： （60 分，每题 20 分） 1. 试述劳动力市场划分理论的主要内容? 2. 试述提高教师劳动效率的有效途径 3. 试述目前我国教育供求关系中的主要矛盾 三、论述题： （50 分） 1. 试论教育与人才市场、劳动力市场的联系 2. 据广州日报（2013-12-04）报道： 广东高校毕业生本科综合专场招聘会昨日在中山大学举 行，375 家企业提供近 2 万个工作岗位，吸引 2 万毕业生进场 求职。 尽管省教育厅此前曾明确要求严禁发布含有限定 985 高 校、211 高校等字样的招聘信息，但现场仍有企业对求职大学 生提出‚211 工程‛高校毕业的要求，甚至拒绝对非 211 高校 毕业生进行面试。 2 日的招聘现场，省内一家传媒集团的招聘摊位前应聘者 排成长龙。来自广州大学的张同学等待了半个小时后，终于得 到了面试机会。不过，让她错愕的是，在交上自己的简历后， 招聘人员却告知她的学校‚不在招聘范围内‛ 。小张打听得知， 同校的其他几位同学也有类似待
青岛大学2020年881 教育管理学考试大纲
教育专业硕士入学考试大纲
考试科目代码及名称： 881 教育管理学
一、考试要求
了解教育管理的发展历史，熟悉教育管理体制和教育组织机构，了解教育政策和教育法律，熟悉教育领导者、教师管理、学生管理的基本概念与原理，了解教育实务管理的主要内容，能够运用教育管理原理分析当前教育管理的实践问题并提出改进建议。
二、考试内容
（1）教育管理的发展历史
（2）教育管理体制和机构
（3）教育政策和法律
（4）教育人员和教育对象管理
（5）教育实务管理
三、试卷结构（题型分值）
1.本科目满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
2. 题型结构
（1）名词解释：占总分的20%
（2）简答题: 占总分的40%
（3）论述题：占总分的40%
四、参考书目
《新编教育管理学》，吴志宏、冯大鸣、魏志春主编，华东师范大学出版社，2008年。
青岛大学管理学考研真题2015—2017年
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：859 科目名称：管理学（2）（共2 页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、填充题（每空1分，共22分）1.根据罗伯特·卡茨的研究，管理者要具备三类技能：_________ , ________和________。
2.马斯洛的高层需要即赫茨伯格双因素理论的主要_______因素，而为了维持生活所必须满足的低层需要则相当于_____因素。
3.管理和战略，__________告诉我们怎样“做正确的事”，_________在解决如何“正确地做事”。
4.新经济时代，经营目标的创新体现在以_____________代替利润最大化，以____________代替市场份额。
5.从环境因素的可控程度看，可把决策分为_________、_________和_________。
6.常规计划包括_________、_________和_________，所有这些都是准备用来处理常发性问题的。
7.按企业对竞争的方式和态度分，其经营战略可以分为_____________、___________及___________。
8.尊重的需要可以分为两类，即_______________和_____________。
9.从创新的规模以及创新对系统的影响程度来考察，可将其分为_________和_________。
二、辨析题（每题15分，共30分）1.从2010年1月23日的“马向前事件”到2010年5月27日的第十三连跳，富士康跳楼事件说明泰勒的科学管理理论逐渐丧失了科学性和适用性，应该适当扬弃。
2.企业经营目标是盈利，承担社会责任会占用原本可以用来盈利的资源，会进一步给企业造成经济损失，所以企业不应该承担社会责任。
三、简答题（从10个题中选择8个题，每题6分，共48分）1.简要回答弗雷德里克·赫茨伯格双因素理论的基本观点。
2.简要回答人本原理的主要观点。
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：707卫生管理综合
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 707 科目名称：卫生管理综合（共6页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释（每题5分，共50分）1．卫生政策2．卫生系统健康治理3．系统管理4．卫生组织5．激励6．医院感染管理7．医院质量管理8．绩效评价9．DALY10．基本医疗保险二、填空题（每空1分，共50分）1．医院是运用医学科学和技术，对病人、特定人群或健康人群提供、预防、和康复等服务的场所，备有一定数量的病床、和必要的设备，通过医务人员的集体协作，以达到的目的。
2．医院财务管理的原则有资金合理配置原则、、成本经济效益原则、。
3．医院财务分析的方法有：、、医疗支出、费用专题分析和综合分析。
4．医疗服务质量管理常用的方法有、排列图、分层图、、控制图、标杆对比、临床路径。
5．Clinical Pathway实施过程中应进行效果评价，评价的指标包括工作效率、医疗质量、服务成本、、、并发症发生率等。
6．护理管理是为了提高人们的健康水平，系统地利用护士和相关人员的潜在能力、设备、环境和社会活动过程。
护理管理大致可分为三个主要方面：护理行政管理、、护理教育管理。
7．全面质量管理的基本指导思想：强调质量第一、用户至上；一切以预防为主；；突出人的积极因素；按办事。
8．我国的卫生事业是政府实行一定福利政策的。
9．科学管理理论的代表人物是。
10．目前，管理学界普遍接受的管理的基本职能为、组织、控制、、领导。
11．卫生管理研究的选题原则：重要性、科学性、、创新性。
12．根据医疗机构所得收益的分配情况，可将医疗机构分为和医疗机构。
13．卫生部1998年颁布的将医院按照和区域功能定位进行分级划等。
14．卫生筹资包括和。
15．卫生资源配置的方式主要有两种：和。
16．卫生人力资源的特点包括：时效性、能动性、社会性、开发过程的连续性和。
17．根据2000年的《世界卫生报告》，卫生系统职能可以分为四种：规制、、服务提供和。
青岛大学英语综合2009,2011--2015年考研专业课初试真题
青岛大学英语综合2009,2011--2015年考研专业课初试真题青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：808 科目名称：英语综合（共4页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part One Linguistics (50 points)I. Define the following terms briefly. (20 points)1. suprasegmental2. morpheme3. inflection4. immediate constituent analysis5. deep structure6. converse antonymy7. cooperative principle8. entailment9. interlanguage10. case grammarII. Answer ONE of the two essay questions below with at least 300 words. (30 points)1.How does Halliday relate the functions performed by language toits structures, or systems?2. Please give brief introductions to main branches of linguistics andgive a detailed description of one branch that you are interested in. Part Two Translation (50 points)I. Translate the following into Chinese. Your translation should both be anintelligibly fluent representation of the original text. （25 points）It is in the nature of things that the target text displaysonly the translator’s final decisions. Readers perceive an end-product, a result of a decision-making process; they do not have access to pathways leading to decisions, to the dilemmas to be resolved by the translator. What is available for scrutiny is the end-product, the result of translation practice rather than the practice itself. In other words, we are looking at translation as product instead of translating as process.1。
青岛大学_教育经济与管理基础2009--2011年_考研专业课真题试卷
青岛大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：856科目名称：教育经济与管理基础（共1页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
、、名词解释：（40分，每题8分）
1、学校公共关系
2、教育价值观
3、教育法
4、规模经济
5、教育收益率
、、简要回答下列各题：（60分，每题15分）
1、简述泰勒“科学管理”理论的主要观点及其对教育管理的影响。
2、学校全面质量管理的指导思想和基础工作各是什么？
3、简述影响个人教育需求的因素，并结合自己的情况加以简要分析。
4、简述教育成本的概念和研究教育成本的意义。
、、论述题：（50分，共1题）
1、谈谈你对当前大学排名的意义和必要性的认识，并结合所学知识分析说
明关于大学排名的评价指标应当主要包括哪些？各自的重要性如何？
1。
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：881教育管理学
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 881 科目名称：教育管理学（共4页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效！一、简答题：（每题10分，共60分）1、简述蔡元培的教育管理思想。
2、简述校长行使的管理权力。
3、简述如何完善我国基础教育的管理体制。
4、简述教师激励的策略。
5、简述如何正确认识教学质量管理。
6、简述如何在学校活动中渗透德育。
二、案例分析题：（每题30分，共90分）案例一北京十一学校学生——他们是校园真正的主人在十一学校，如果简单地用“学生”这一概念来称呼这群孩子，那是简单而片面的。
走在校园里，你碰到的三三两两的学生，有的可能是校长助理，有的可能是学生会主席，有的可能是小记者，有的可能是出过两三本诗集的小诗人。
十一学校的学生，大多都有自己的定位，大多顶着一个不大不小的光环。
这源于李希贵校长提出的“用有想法的教育培养有想法的学生”这一理念。
在这一理念指导之下，于是乎“学生管理学院”横空出世，学校团委把学生自我管理当作一门课程去研究、去开发。
目前，十一学校管理学院设置的课程简直是五花八门：每周的升旗司仪、奥运志愿者、北京市田径比赛裁判员、晚自习管理员、学校绿地监督员等等，学校公布岗位招聘，学生自主选择。
这些岗位，给学生提供了锻炼自己，发挥潜能的舞台。
于是便出现了学校城市运动会的开闭幕式上，主席台上除了李校长其他全是学生的一幕。
即使是外国大使来访，致辞、接待、采访的也全部是学生。
校园里，到处是海报，到处活跃着学生自我管理的身影。
如校长“贵爷”所愿，学生“接管”了校园，大部分时候校长的权力被“架空”了。
连美国大使、法国大使到学校访问也一律由学生出面，从接待、翻译、主持到回访都是学生自行组织。
每当这种场合，“贵爷”能做的只是坐在台下不时鼓几下掌。
（资料来源：2012年12月27日搜狐教育社区）请根据上述材料回答：（1）北京十一学校让学生自我管理的做法有何好处？（2）中小学教师还可以怎样引导学生进行自我管理。
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试(文学概论与写作技能)试题
青岛大学 2015 年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：650 科目名称：文学概论与写作技能（共 4 页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释（本题共 20 分，每小题 5 分）1.文学活动论2.文学的审美含义3.话语蕴藉4.含蓄二、简答题（本题共 40 分，每小题 10 分）1.简述文学的通行含义。
2.简述文学的巫术发生说。
3.简述文学审美意识形态论。
4.简述艺术生产论。
三、论述题（本题共 40 分，每小题 20 分）1.论述文学的继承与创新。
2.论述文学的雅与俗。
四、阅读下面作品，写一篇评论文章。
自选角度，自拟题目，字数为1500 字。
（本题 50 分）史铁生散文《答自己问》节选：五、文学分为几种、以及雅俗共赏我看是有三种文学：纯文学、严肃文学和通俗文学。
纯文学是面对着人本的困境。
譬如对死亡的默想、对生命的沉思，譬如人的欲望和人实现欲望的能力之间的永恒差距，譬如宇宙终归要毁灭那么人的挣扎奋斗意义何在等等，这些都是与生俱来的问题。
不依社会制度的异同而有无。
因此它是超越着制度和阶级，在探索一条属于全人类的路。
当约翰逊跑出九秒八三的时候，当挑战者号航天飞机爆炸的时候，当大旱灾袭击非洲的时候，当那个加拿大独腿青年跑遍全球为研究癌症募捐的时候，当看见一个婴儿出生和一个老人寿终正寝的时候，我们无论是欢呼还是痛苦还是感动还是沉思，都必然地忘掉了阶级和制度，所有被称为人的生物一起看见了地狱并心向天堂。
没有这样一种纯文学层面，人会变得狭隘仍至终于迷茫不见出路。
这一层面的探索永无止境，就怕有人一时见不到它的社会效果而予以扼杀。
人当然不可能无视社会、政治、阶级，严肃文学便是侧重于这一层面。
譬如贫困与奢华与腐败：专制与民主与进步，法律与虚伪与良知等等，这些确实与社会制度等等紧密联系着。
文学在这儿为伸张正义而呐喊，促进着社会的进步，这当然是非常必要的，它的必要性非常明显。
通俗文学主要是为着人的娱乐需要，人不能没有娱乐。
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：642基础英语
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 642 科目名称：基础英语(共12页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效PART I SENTENCE COMPLETION (30 points )Choose the word or the set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1. Like a credit card in appearance, the smart card contains a microchip that stores digital tokens which can be exchanged for goods, just like ______ cash.A. concreteB. tentativeC. tangibleD. intact2. The Team of England, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to______ themselves for last year’s defeat.A. reviveB. retortC. revenge D remedy3. When Tastuma first came to the US from Japan, he wasn’t sure he could ______ intothe American culture, but after a few months , he felt at home here.A. absorbB. transformC. digest D assimilate4. The constitution of the State required that property should be _____ for taxation at itsmarket value.A. estimatedB. appraisedC. evaluatedD. valued5. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the 18th century are evidence thatmedieval ______ natural settings had been ______and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation.A. fear of …exorcisedB. concerns about …regainedC. affection for …surmountedD. disinterest in …alleviated6. Edith Wharton sought in her memoir to present herself as having achieved a harmonious wholeness by having ________ the conflicting elements of her life.A.affirmedB. highlightedC. reconciledD. confined7. In the 20th century, the discovery of radium _____ the popular imagination; not only was its discoverer, Marie Curie, idolized, but its market value ______ that of the rarest gemstone.A. stormed … diminishedB. horrified …approachedC. enflamed… exceededD. conspired… triggered8. Since the 15th century, animals have been used as ____ for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans.A. benefactorsB. companionsC. surrogatesD. precedents9. Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are _______ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.A. these of the mostB. most of thoseC. among the mostD. among the many of10. The disagreement over the trade restrictions could seriously _______ relations between the two countries.A. tumbleB. jeopardizeC. manipulateD. intimidate11. New research raises new concerns that altering crops to withstand such treats maypose new risks---from _____the weeds themselves.A. anything butB. other thanC. more thanD. none other than12. In this small village, he found few persons ___ to him and felt quite lonely.A. congenitalB. contentiousC. congenialD. Concurrent13. The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates ____ afall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.A. andB. as C but D or14. Bipartisan bills are pending in Congress that would eliminate all travel restrictionsand ______ the embargo.A. freeB. slackenC. unwindD. ease15. Rather than enhancing a country's security, the successful development of nuclearweapons could serve at first to increase that country's ________.A.boldnessB.influenceC. responsibilityD. vulnerability16. Although scientists claim that the seemingly ________ language of their reports ismore precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently ________.A.ornamental ... subtleB. unidimensional ... unintelligibleC. symbolic ... complexD. literal ... allusive17. Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ________, which makesthem ________ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect andpunish wrongdoing.A.contested ... provisionalB. circumvented ... antiquatedB.repealed ... vulnerable D. violated ... ineffective18. The pressure of population on available resources is the key to understanding history;consequently, any historical writing that takes no cognizance of______ factsis______ flawed.A.demographic….intrinsicallyB.ecological…. marginallyC. cultural…..substantivelyD. psychological…philosophically19. By putting billions of dollars into the ailing automaker, the Obama administrationhas placed a huge bet on the effort to revive and _____ the company through the elimination of brands, dealerships and factories.A. streamlineB. strayC. strikeD. strife20. Under the deal, the union’s cost-of-living interests, performance bonuses and someholiday pay will be _____ to offset health-care costs.A. sustainB. retakeC. swabD. suspend21. The capital intended to broaden the export base and ____efficiency gains frominternational trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.A. secureB. extendC. defendD. possess22. New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely toresult in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and _____ energy we have had in the times past.A. exquisiteB. resilientC. copiousD. formidable23. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been, unhappily, more likelyto intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.A. enticeB. strengthenC. transformD. repel24. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a single word when shecan substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. cogencyD. rhetoric25. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue todominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admireD. flout26. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity,science often operates through error, happy accidents, ________ and persistence in spite of mistakes.A. controlsB. hunchesC. deductionsD. calculations27. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope tomake the contents of manuscripts more _____ to scholars.A.objectiveB. accessibleC. appealingD. implicit28. Despite the ________ of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun toemphasize "pop culture" as a key for ________ the myths, hopes, and fears ofcontemporary society.A.antipathy ... entanglingB. discernment ... evaluatingC. skepticism ... decipheringD. pedantry ... reinstating29. The powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager,were______ their few and simple desires.A.simultaneous withB. commensurate withC. substantiated byD. ruined by30. Social scientists have established fairly clear-cut ________ that describe theappropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seems to be ________ about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents.A.functions ... rigidityB. estimates ... indirectnessC. norms ... confusionD. regulations ... certaintyPART II PROOF READING AND ERROR CORRECTION (10 Points) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.In many states, budget requests by state universities have had tobe scaled back or frozen, while tuition, the share of the cost borne bythe students themselves, has gone up. The problem with the governors (1) __________is particularly distressing because they all agree that the quality oftheir colleges and universities helps drive the economic enginesof their states. And they are constantly being told by everyone like (2) ___________college administrators to editorial writers that only way to make (3)___________their state universities better is to spend more money.But it was against this backdrop that members of the Association(4)___________came together in this city to discuss issues of common concern, oneis higher education. And the focus of their talks about colleges(5)____________centered not on how money could be more effectively directed,but on what to get greater productivity out of a system that has(6)____________become highly inefficient and resistive against change.(7)_____________As a result, the governors will embark a three-year study of (8) _____________higher education system and how to make state colleges anduniversities better able to meet the challenges of a global economy inthe 21st century. And judging from the tenor and tone of theirdiscussion, the study could produce a push in for higher standards, (9) ___________more efficiency and greater accountability. Pennsylvania GovernorTom Ridge and his fellow governors came away from the meetingsresolute with the belief that higher education needs a fresh look and (10) ____________possibly a major boost in productivity to meet demands of newtechnologies and a changing work force.PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage1Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-- Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerkgives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’ s a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner.Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers —a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.”So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark! ”), brokenNonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light t o change, even if it’s 2 a.m. and there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’ t think of themselves as a wait- ing-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——th at’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-The orderliness of the society doesn’t mea n that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society can not exempt itsBut there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenshi p, and you shouldn’t feel bad fo r taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.1. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecating2. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the paA. Fondness of foreign culture.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.3. The author’s reaction to the statemen t by the Ministry of Business and Industry is ___.A. disapprovingB. approving D. doubtful4D. prevents Danes from acknowledg5. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT thatC. the open system helps to tide the couPassage 2Education is an important theme in youth athletics in the US. Young kids, energetic, noisy, uncontrollable, confined to class, yearn for the relative freedom of the football field, the basketball court, the baseball diamond. They long to kick and throw things and tackle each other, and the fields of organized play offer a place in which to act out these impulses. Kids are basically encouraged, after all, to beat each other up in the football field. Yet for all the chaos, adult guidance and supervision are never far off, and time spent on the athletic fields is meant to be productive. Conscientious coaches seek to impart lessons in teamwork, self-sacrifice, competition, gracious winning and losing. Teachers at least want their pupils worn out so they’ll sit still in reading class.By the time children start competing for spots on junior high soccer teams or tennis squads, the kids’ gloves have come off to some extent. The athletic fields become less a place to learn about soft values like teamwork than about hard self-discipline and competition. Competitiveness, after all, is prized highly by Americans, perhaps more so than by other peoples. For a child, being cut from the hockey team or denied a spot on the swimming is a grave disappointment—— and perhaps an opportunity for emotional or spiritual growth.High school basketball or football teams are places where the ethos of competition is given still stronger emphasis. Although high school coaches still consider themselves educators, the sports they oversee are not simple extensions of the classroom. They are important social institutions, for football games bring people together. In much of the US they are events where young people and their elders mingle and see how the community is evolving.For the best players, the progression from little league to junior high to high schoolleads to a scholarship at a famous college and maybe, one day, a shot at the pros. To all appearances, college athletes are student-athletes, an ideal that suggests a balance between the intellectual rigors of the university and the physical rigors of the playing field. The reality is skewed heavily in favor of athletics. One would have difficulty showing that major US college sports are about education. Coaches require far too much of players’ time to be truly concerned with any thing other than performance in sport. Too often, the players they recruit seem to care little about school themselves.This was not always the case. Universities — Princeton, Harvard, Rutgers, Yale —were the birthplaces of American football and baseball; education—the formation of “character” —was an important part of what those coaches and players thought they were achieving. In 1913, when football was almost outlawed in the US, the game’s most prominent figures traveled to Washington and argued successfully that football was an essential part of the campus experience and that the nation would be robbed of its boldest young men, its best potential leaders, if the game were banned.The idea that competitive sports build character, a western tradition dating from ancient Greece, has evidently fallen out of fashion in today’s US. Educators, now prone to see the kind of character shaped by football and basketball in dark light, have challenged the notion that college sports produce interesting people. Prominent athletes, such as boxer Muhammad Ali and basketball star Charles Markley, deliberately distanced themselves from the earlier ideal of the athlete as a model figure. Today’s US athlete is thus content to be an entertainer.Trying to do something socially constructive, like being a role model, will make you seem over-earnest and probably hurt your street credibility.When I was a kid, my heroes played on Saturdays: they were high school players and college athletes. Pro football games, broadcast on Sunday afternoons, were dull and uninspiring by comparison. After all, why would God schedule anything important for Sun day? You’ve got school the next day.Although I certainly couldn’t have articulated it at the time, I think I must already have sensed that throwing a ball or catching passes was a fairly pointless thing to be good at. In the grand scheme, it was a silly preparation for a job. Yet playing sports was not pointless; the point, however, was that you were learning something——a disposition, a certain virtue, a capacity of arduous endeavor——that might be of value when you later embarked upon a productive career as a doctor or a schoolteacher or a businessman. The optimism of those Saturday afternoons was infectious. I still feel that way today.6. Pupils mainly learn ______ on the athletic fields.A. soft valuesB. hard valuesC. value for freedomD. value of equality7. In high school basketball or football teamsA. hard values are less emphasizedB. the sports are separated fromclassrooms.C. the social function of sports is prominent.D. the coaches are less of educators.8. Which of the following is NOT true about college sports?A. The best players may end up getting a scholarship at a famous college.B. College athletes have always cared little about school themselves.C. College sports are more in favor of athletics than education.D. The formation of “character” used to be the goal of coaches and players.9. The author’s attitude toward the notion of “athletes as entertainers” isA. positiveB. neutralC. negativeD. impossible to tell.10. The best title for this passage isA. Education System in the USB. Development of Athletics in the USC. US Education in Youth AthleticsD. Development of Education in the US.Passage 3Human migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of the citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyon e’s solution, everyon e’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is , as it has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promised to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes,” said Spencer Wells. The book he is trying to read goes back to long before the first word was written, and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth.Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story issimple: people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadn't moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planets; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves."What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events." Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope."Its part of our nature, this movement," Miller said, "It's just a fact of the human condition."11. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.12. What do we know about Spencer Wells from the passage?A. He thought genes can tell where people have come from.B. He wrote a book about the history of genes.C. He read the first history book at Stanford UniversityD. He agreed human migration was from Transcaucasia and central Asia.13. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasonsEXCEPT ______.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities14. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colonizers.15. There seems to be a(n) ______ relationship between great events and migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. remotePART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (40 Points)What happens to the students who cheat on the two college admissions exam, the SAT and the ACT? Not as much as you might think. It isn’t particularly easy to cheat on these exams, but that doesn’t stop some students from trying. They do it in all the ways you might imagi ne: Copying off someone else’s paper, texting on a cellphone for answers, bringing in cheat sheets, having someone else take the test for them.And some cheat in ways you might not consider: In South Korea, a test prep tutor was investigated for allegedly buying scanned copies of sections of the SAT and then emailing them, with the answers, to South Koreans in Connecticut who were going to take the test 12 hours later. Another SAT tutor in South Korea was arrested for getting students taking the SAT to put test questions into a calculator they were allowed to use, and to hide small blades in their erasers that they used to cut out pages of the test. So, you ask, what happens to students suspected of cheating on the SAT or the ACT?I asked both the College Board, which owns the SA T, and ACT Inc., which owns the ACT, to explain what triggers suspicion of cheating and what happens to students found to be cheating. Ed Co lby, spokesman for the ACT, said he couldn’t tell me exactly how many investigations are conducted each year for security reasons. Tom Ewing, a spokesman for the Educational Testing Service, which administers the SAT for the College Board, said there are a few thousand questionable test scores each year out of more than 2 million tests. Both said a review of a student’s test could be triggered in one of several ways, including an audit that flags scores that have risen dramatically, or by a tip from outside parties, such as a guidance counselor, college admissions officer or NCAA official.PART V WRITING (40 Points)In most countries, with the widespread of the use of Internet, people have more freedom to choose to work and study at home instead of travelling to work or college. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?Write an essay of about 400words, Use specific reasons/examples to support your position on the statement above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：808英语综合
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：808 科目名称：英语综合（共4页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part One Linguistics (50 points)I. Define the following terms briefly. (20 points)1. suprasegmental2. morpheme3. inflection4. immediate constituent analysis5. deep structure6. converse antonymy7. cooperative principle8. entailment9. interlanguage10. case grammarII. Answer ONE of the two essay questions below with at least 300 words. (30 points)1.How does Halliday relate the functions performed by language toits structures, or systems?2. Please give brief introductions to main branches of linguistics andgive a detailed description of one branch that you are interested in. Part Two Translation (50 points)I. Translate the following into Chinese. Your translation should both be anintelligibly fluent representation of the original text. （25 points）It is in the nature of things that the target text displays only the translator’s final decisions. Readers perceive an end-product, a result of a decision-making process; they do not have access to pathways leading to decisions, to the dilemmas to be resolved by the translator. What is available for scrutiny is the end-product, the result of translation practice rather than the practice itself. In other words, we are looking at translation as product instead of translating as process.The distinction is an important one, as Widdowson points out. Bellsuggests that the tendency to ignore the process involved in the act of translating lies behind the relative stagnation of translation studies in recent years. If we treat text merely as a self-contained and self-generating entity, instead of as a decision-making procedure and an instance of communication between language users, our understanding of the nature of translating will be impaired.II. Translate the following into English. Your translation should both be anintelligibly fluent representation of the original text. （25 points）我们以为所谓“直译”也者，带并非一定是“字对字”，一个不多，一个也不少。
青岛大学教育管理学考研真题2010年、2011年
1、管理所追求的付出得少而得到的多，这体现了管理的什么功能？
A．组织
B．计划
C．效率
D．目标
2、陶行知教育管理实践特色之一是
A．学生自治
B．民主办学 C．教师发展 D．纪律至上
3、教师限制过多，就会窒息学生的能力成长，这是哪位法国人文主义教育家的观点？
A．拉伯雷 B．蒙田 C．伊壁鸠鲁
D．基廷
4、“学校工作有三个主题：教材、方法、和行政或管理，这三者是三位一体的。”这是谁
五、写作题（本题 30 分）
假设某地招聘一位中学校长，你决定应聘。请写一封 800 字左右的应聘信。
2
青岛大学 2011 年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码： 881
科目名称： 教育管理学 (共 3 页)
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、简答题（共 30 分， 其中 1--3 题每小题 8 分，第 4 小题 6 分）
青岛大学 2010 年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码： 881 科目名称： 教育管理学
(共 2 页)
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、名词解释（每题 4 分，本题共 20 分）
1、教育管理体制
2、教育政策
3、领导权变理论
4、教育经费
5、教学质量管理
二、单选题：（每题 1 分，共 10 分）
就 4 次。我忙得连听课的时间都没有，哎……”
请根据上述材料回答：
（1）该学校教学质量管理方面存在怎样的问题？
（2）分析影响该学校教学质量管理的关键因素是什么？
（3）根据以上案例，谈谈如何加强中小学的教学质量管理。
2、案例二：
吴某是九年级的一名男生学习成绩居班级中游，但性情较为偏执。