语法学案Unit 22 Environmental Protection

Unit 22 Environmental Protection
Lesson 1 Global Warming （grammar）学案
朗读、观察
一、句子结构的变化：1.直接引语的句子属于什么类型的句子？2.转述方法？
1.He said, “I’ll give you an examination next Monday.”
→He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.
2.He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
→He asked (me) whether/ if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
3.“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby.
→The officer nearby ordered them never to go there again.
4.“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked.
→He asked me to open the door.
5.“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
→He advised us to go out for a walk.
He suggested going out for a walk.
归纳：
1) 如果转述的话是陈述句，转述结构一般由转述动词
______________________________从句构成。

此外类似的转述动词还有：repeat, admit, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等。

2) 如果转述的话为一般疑问句，转述时要用连词_______________________引
导。

这样的转述动词主要有ask, wonder, inquire等。

3) 转述的话为祈使句时，转述时要用_______________________ 表达，这样
的转述动词有：ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。

4)当转述的话形式上是疑问句，有表示“请求，建议”意义时，可用
_________________________________________________________________等形式转述。

二、时态的变化
He told me that he would take two days off work.
The boy admitted that he had made a mistake.
1) 如果转述内容是以宾语从句的形式出现，则应注意正确使用宾语从句中的时
态，注意保持从句和主语谓语动词在时态方面的一致性。

主句中的谓语动词如果是____________，从句（即转述部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）2) 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况:
(1) 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” →
_______________________________________________________
(2)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” →
_________________________________________________________
(3) 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” →
___________________________________________________________ (4)当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said, “Practice makes perfect.” →
_______________________________________________________________ (5) 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better等时，如：
The doctor said, “You’d better drink plenty of water.” →
______________________________________________________________ 6．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

this ______，these_________，here__________，today____________，
tomorrow ________________, next week_________________, come_________ 转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬。

如果转述的时间没有发生多大的改变或所转述的内容是一个事实时，宾语从句中的谓语动词所用的时态不必改变。

例如：
(1) He says that he is leaving tomorrow.
(2) Our teacher told us that the sports meet will take place next Monday.
练习
在横线上填上适当的单词进行转述，每空一词。

1．“I'll be back by lunchtime，” he promised.
He __________ ___________ ___________ back by lunchtime.
2．The robber threatened me, “Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you！”
The robber _________ __________ __________ me if_________ didn't give________the keys to the safe.
3．Mary reminded me, “Don't forget to answer this letter.”
Mary reminded me ________ ________ ________ to answer ________ letter. 4．He said, “Do you often write to your parents？”
He __________ __________ ____________ often wrote to our parents. 5．Fenwick advised me, “Go and see Robin. He will tell you everything you want to know.”
Fenwick________ ________ ________ go and see Robin, and ________would tell________ everything________ wanted to know.。