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英语专业八级考试

英语专业八级考试

英语专业八级考试
英语是一种国际通用的语言,越来越多的人承认它的重要性,不论做何种工作,具备一定的英语水平都是很重要的。

英语专业八级考试是检验个人英语水平的重要考试,它被广泛用于大学招生录取,政府机关文员、翻译、科研人员招聘考试,以及英语教育单位的认定等。

英语专业八级考试一般包括四部分:词汇,语法,阅读和写作。

词汇是考试的基础,考生必须掌握英语中的词汇和搭配,并能够熟练地使用。

考生应准备大量的单词和表达式,以便在考试中发挥作用。

另外,考生还应重视英语的语法,熟练掌握语法规则和结构,注意词汇和句型的正确使用。

英语专业八级考试的另一个重要组成部分是阅读,考生必须具备良好的阅读理解能力,能够精准把握文章的主旨,并熟练掌握文章里所使用的语法、标点等。

除此之外,考生还应学会从文章中摘取关键信息,开发自己的分析能力,总结文章的观点并给出自己的观点。

最后一部分是写作,考生需要具备一定的写作技巧,能够根据考试题目准确表达自己的观点,正确使用语法结构,层次清晰,表意流畅,逻辑严谨,使文章更加完美结构化。

要取得英语专业八级考试的高分,考生除了需要平时勤奋备考外,还应多参加各种真题联系,培养自己的解题思路,做一些练习题,加强自己的考试能力。

总之,英语专业八级考试是一个非常重要的考试,它考验考生的语言能力,可以帮助考生了解自身所掌握的英语水平,发挥重要作用。

英语专业八级考试是一项重要的考试,它对于考生来说具有重要意义。

只有通过英语专业八级考试的考生,才能在日益激烈的竞争中立于不败之地,才能真正拥有一张在国际舞台上发光发热的英语名片。

专八等级划分

专八等级划分

专八等级划分一、初级水平专八考试是中国大学生的重要考试之一,也是对英语能力的全面测试。

专八等级划分为初级水平、中级水平和高级水平三个等级。

在初级水平中,考生需要具备基本的英语语法、词汇和阅读能力。

以下是初级水平的一些重点内容。

1. 英语语法:考生需要掌握基本的句子结构、时态、语态和语气等方面的知识。

在写作和翻译中,需要正确运用语法规则,避免句子结构混乱和语法错误。

2. 词汇:掌握一定量的基础词汇是初级水平的基本要求。

考生需要熟悉常用词汇,能够理解和使用一些常见的词组和固定搭配。

3. 阅读理解:初级水平要求考生阅读简单的英语文章,并能够理解文章的大意和主要细节。

考生需要通过阅读来积累词汇和理解英语表达方式。

二、中级水平中级水平是专八等级划分中的中级阶段。

在这个阶段,考生需要进一步提高英语语法、词汇和阅读能力,并能够进行简单的写作和翻译。

以下是中级水平的一些重点内容。

1. 英语语法:中级水平要求考生掌握更多的语法知识,包括复杂的句子结构、从句和虚拟语气等。

考生需要能够正确运用这些语法规则,使句子更加准确和流畅。

2. 词汇:中级水平要求考生扩大词汇量,熟悉更多的词汇和词组。

考生需要通过阅读和背诵来积累词汇,并能够运用到写作和翻译中。

3. 阅读理解:中级水平要求考生能够阅读较长的英语文章,并能够理解文章的主旨和细节,抓住关键信息。

考生需要通过大量的阅读来提高阅读理解能力。

4. 写作和翻译:中级水平要求考生能够进行一定程度的写作和翻译。

考生需要能够用英语表达自己的想法和观点,运用所学的语法和词汇知识进行写作和翻译练习。

三、高级水平高级水平是专八等级划分中的最高阶段。

在这个阶段,考生需要具备较高的英语综合能力,包括听、说、读、写和译各个方面。

以下是高级水平的一些重点内容。

1. 英语语法:高级水平要求考生掌握更复杂的语法知识,包括各种复杂句型和语法现象。

考生需要能够灵活运用这些语法知识,使表达更加准确和地道。

英语专业八级考试题型

英语专业八级考试题型

英语专业八级考试是中国教育部主管的英语水平考试之一,主要面向英语专业本科生和研究生,以及其他对英语有较高要求的人群。

以下是英语专业八级考试的题型和内容概述:
1. 听力理解:包括短对话、长对话、短文听力和复合型听力四部分,测试考生的英语听力水平和理解能力。

2. 阅读理解:包括快速阅读、细节阅读和推理判断三部分,测试考生的英语阅读水平和理解能力。

3. 语法和词汇:包括语法填空、词汇运用和完形填空三部分,测试考生的英语语法和词汇水平。

4. 写作:包括短文写作和翻译两部分,测试考生的英语写作和翻译水平。

5. 翻译:包括英译汉和汉译英两部分,测试考生的英语翻译和汉语翻译水平。

6. 口语:包括朗读、对话和演讲三部分,测试考生的英语口语水平。

以上是英语专业八级考试的主要题型和内容,考生需要全面掌握英语听、说、读、写、译各方面的知识和技能,提高英语综合应用能力。

英语专业八级考试指南

英语专业八级考试指南

英语专业八级考试指南
1.考试介绍
英语专业考试(TEM8)是由教育部高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会指导开展的,针对英语专业高年级阶段的高等学校英语专业内部的教学评估测试。

考试内容涵盖英语专业知识和应用能力,属于自愿参加的教学检查类考试。

2.考试时间
TEM8的考试时间在每年的3月份进行,具体时间为上午8:30到11:00,时长为150分钟。

3.考试内容
考试内容分为两个部分:试卷I和试卷II。

试卷I包括听力、完型填空、阅读理解三部分,共60分,考试时间为45 分钟。

试卷II包括写作和翻译两部分,共40分,考试时间为45分钟。

4.考试技巧
对于TEM8考试,应注重以下几个方面:
加强语言基础知识的掌握,包括词汇、语法和语音等方面。

提高阅读理解能力,多读英文文章,增加阅读量。

培养英语思维方式,理解英语国家的文化背景和语言表达习惯。

注重写作和翻译能力的提高,多进行写作和翻译练习。

注意考试时间管理,合理分配各部分的答题时间。

5.备考建议
为了更好地备考TEM8,建议考生们制定一个详细的复习计划,每天按时完
成一定的复习任务。

同时,应注重各部分内容的均衡复习,不要忽视任何一个部分。

多做真题,了解自己的弱点和不足,及时进行有针对性的提高。

另外,要合理安排时间进行口语练习和模拟考试,提高自己的口语表达能力和应试心理素质。

英语专业八级考试简介及评价

英语专业八级考试简介及评价

英语专业八级考试简介及评价(附样题三套)英语专业八级考试是由高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会主办的(非教育部主办),对英语专业高年级学生英语水平进行衡量的一种外语水平考试。

是目前我国体现最高英语水平的等级考试。

它在每年的三月份举办一次,考试分为上午和下午两场,上午做听力、阅读、改错,下午做翻译和写作。

对时间的要求比较严格专业八级的虽然难度较大,但在全国的英语专业的学生考试的成绩来看,通过率是很高的,全国平均通过率是百分之六十多,为什么通过率这么高?就我个人的观点而言,是因为专八考试的题目采分点多,每道小题都是一分,特别是阅读理解这样容易失分的部分,每道题也都是一分,与四、六级不同。

下面我将就将对专八考试的各部分体型的特点做出评价。

1 听力包括听情景对话、长时间的交谈、英语广播、还有复合式听写。

前两部分的难度和六级差不多,关键是后两部分。

英语广播主要是VOA和BBC的新闻,没有什么应试技巧可言,关键要考平时多听这两个电台的广播来培养语感。

复合式听写是听力部分乃至全卷中最难的,要求先听一段用标准语速英语念的文章(只念一遍),在放音的同时要求考生做听力笔记,然后再根据自己所做的笔记去完成一个没有提供选项的完型填空(填十个单词进去),这部分需要有很好的速记能力,要分清语篇里哪些是关键词,哪些不是,当然有遗漏是在所难免,但是要尽量争取少有遗漏,还是那句话:要注意句首、句尾的总结性的话,还有带判断语气的话。

2 阅读分为一般阅读和快速阅读两部分。

前者的应试技巧和六级无二,而后者则要求在十分钟的时间内看完六到七篇文章,每一篇文章都附有一个或两个问题。

就我的经验而言,这些题目不会涉及对文章主题思想等深层问题的理解,都是一些比较肤浅的问题。

这部分要求考生具备一目几行的阅读技巧和很强的搜索信息的能力,如果这方面的能力比较强的话,这类快速阅读应该是比较容易得分的3 改错在错误点的设置方面与四六级改错相比增加了“逻辑错误”部分,这个的难度是比较大的,有时候替换错词的词和其在本质上没有任何联系,主要看是否符合上下文的语境还有表达方式是否妥当等方面。

专八评分标准

专八评分标准

专八评分标准专八考试是中国大学英语专业八级考试的简称,是一项用以测试学生英语水平的重要考试。

对于大多数英语专业学生来说,通过专八考试是他们顺利毕业的必要条件之一。

因此,了解专八评分标准对于备考的学生来说至关重要。

首先,专八考试的评分标准主要包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分。

在听力部分,考生需要通过听力理解和听力填空两个环节来展示自己的听力水平。

评分标准主要考察考生对英语语音、语调、语速的理解以及对于听力材料中关键信息的把握能力。

在阅读部分,考生需要阅读一些英语文章并回答相应的问题,评分标准主要考察考生对文章内容的理解和分析能力。

在写作部分,考生需要完成一篇短文写作,评分标准主要考察考生的写作能力,包括语法、词汇、逻辑思维以及表达能力。

在翻译部分,考生需要完成一篇中文到英文和一篇英文到中文的翻译,评分标准主要考察考生的翻译能力和语言表达能力。

其次,专八考试的评分标准还包括了语法、词汇、语篇和逻辑四个方面。

在语法方面,评分标准主要考察考生对英语语法知识的掌握程度,包括句子结构、时态、语态、语气、语态等方面。

在词汇方面,评分标准主要考察考生对英语词汇量和词汇应用能力的掌握程度,包括词义辨析、词语搭配、词汇拼写等方面。

在语篇方面,评分标准主要考察考生对文章结构和逻辑关系的理解能力,包括段落结构、句子连接、逻辑推理等方面。

在逻辑方面,评分标准主要考察考生对文章内容的逻辑思维和表达能力,包括论证能力、观点表达、论据支持等方面。

最后,专八考试的评分标准还包括了准确性、流畅性和得体性三个方面。

在准确性方面,评分标准主要考察考生对语言知识和语言运用的准确程度,包括语法准确性、词汇准确性、语义准确性等方面。

在流畅性方面,评分标准主要考察考生对语言表达的流畅程度,包括句子连贯、语言节奏、表达方式等方面。

在得体性方面,评分标准主要考察考生对语言使用的得体程度,包括语言文化适应性、用词得当、语言风格等方面。

综上所述,专八考试的评分标准是一个全面考察考生英语综合能力的体系,考生在备考过程中应该注重提高听力、阅读、写作和翻译能力,并且加强语法、词汇、语篇和逻辑能力的训练,同时注意提高准确性、流畅性和得体性,以期取得理想的考试成绩。

专八成绩合格和良好

专八成绩合格和良好

专八成绩合格和良好摘要:1.专八成绩概述2.合格与良好标准的差异3.提升专八成绩的方法4.专八成绩对职业发展的影响5.总结:迈向专八良好成绩的策略正文:随着我国英语教育水平的不断提高,专业八级(简称“专八”)考试作为英语专业毕业生的最高水平测试,受到了广泛关注。

每年成绩公布后,许多同学都在关心如何判断自己的成绩是否合格或良好。

本文将为大家详细解析专八成绩的评判标准,并为大家提供提升成绩的实用建议。

一、专八成绩概述专八考试分为听力、阅读、翻译和写作四个部分,总分为100分。

根据历年成绩分布,我国专八成绩分为三个等级:合格、良好和优秀。

一般来说,合格线为60分,良好线为80分,优秀线为90分。

那么,如何判断自己的成绩是否达到合格或良好标准呢?二、合格与良好标准的差异1.分数差异:合格与良好之间的分数差距较大,通常需要在70分以上。

具体标准可能因年份和评卷标准而略有不同。

2.能力差异:合格表示具备基本的英语应用能力,如听、说、读、写等方面;良好则表示在各方面都有较高的英语应用能力,能胜任较高难度的英语工作。

3.职业发展差异:在求职和职场竞争中,良好成绩的持有者往往具备更多竞争优势,有更多晋升机会和发展空间。

三、提升专八成绩的方法1.坚持每天学习:养成每天学习英语的习惯,不断积累词汇、语法和语感。

2.专项训练:针对听力、阅读、翻译和写作四个部分,进行专项训练,提高各项技能。

3.模拟考试:参加模拟考试,熟悉考试环境和时间压力,提高应试能力。

4.总结经验:每次考试后,认真总结经验教训,找出自己的薄弱环节,针对性地进行改进。

5.寻求指导:如有条件,可请教经验丰富的老师或同学,获取有针对性的建议。

四、专八成绩对职业发展的影响1.求职优势:良好的专八成绩无疑是英语能力的证明,有助于提高求职成功率。

2.职业晋升:在职场竞争中,专八成绩良好者往往具备更高的英语水平,有更多晋升机会。

3.个人发展:良好的英语能力有助于个人在专业领域和跨领域之间的交流与合作,拓宽视野。

高校英语专业八级考试大纲(SYLLABUSFORTEM8)

高校英语专业八级考试大纲(SYLLABUSFORTEM8)

高校英语专业八级考试大纲(SYLLABUS FOR TEM 8)总则国家教委<高等学校英语专业高年级英语教学大纲)规定,高等学校英语专业高年级英语的教学任务是“继续打好语言基本功,进一步扩大知识面,增强对文化差异的敏感性,提高综合运用英语进行交际的能力。

”同时,<大纲)也指出,“大纲的执行情况主要通过统一测试进行检查。

根据(大纲)中的上述规定,英语专业八级考试大纲规定了以下原则及考试内容:一、考试目的:本考试的目的是全面检查大已完成英语专业高年级阶段课程的学生是否达到了《大纲》所规定的英语语言综合运用能力标准以及英语专业知识的要求。

二、考试的性质与范围:本考试属于标准参照性教学检查类考试。

考试的范围包括《大纲》所规定的听、读、写、译四个方面的技能以及英语专业知识。

由于大规模口试的条件目前尚不具备,所以有关“说”的技能暂缓测试。

三、考试时间、对象与命题:英语专业八级考试于每年3月份举行。

考试对象为高校英语专业四年级学生。

由英语专业学生八级考试命题小组负责命题与实施。

四、考试形式:为了较好地考核学生运用语言技能的综合能力,既照顾到科学性、客观性,又照顾到可行性及高级英语水平测试的特点,本考试的形式采取客观试题与主观试题相结合,单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。

从总体上来说,客观试题占总分的百分之四十,主观试题占总分的百分之六十。

客观试题与主观试题在各项试题中的具体分布见“考试内容一览表。

”五、考试内容:本考试包括六个部分:听力理解,校对与改错,阅读理解,人文知识、翻译,写作。

整个开始需要时间185分钟。

I.听力理解(PartI:Listening Comprehension)1. 测试要求:(a)能听懂交际场合中各种英语会话和讲话。

(b)能听懂VOA或BBC、CNN等国外传媒的节目中有关政治、经济、文化教育、科技等方面的专题报道。

(c)能听懂有关政治、经济、历史、文化教育、语言文学、科普方面的一般讲座及讲座后的答问。

专八等级评定

专八等级评定

专八等级评定专八考试是中国大学英语八级考试的最高级别,它是对英语能力的全面测试。

通过专八考试可以证明一个人具备高级英语水平,能够在高级工作环境中流利地使用英语进行交流和表达。

本文将从各个方面介绍专八等级评定,帮助考生更好地了解专八考试的要求和标准。

专八考试要求考生具备扎实的英语基础知识。

这包括词汇量的丰富、语法的熟练掌握、句型结构的灵活运用等。

考生需要通过大量的阅读和听力训练来提高自己的英语能力,积累词汇量,并能够准确地理解和运用各种语法规则。

专八考试注重考察考生的听力和口语能力。

考生需要能够听懂各种不同口音和语速的英语,包括新闻、讲座、对话等不同类型的听力材料。

同时,考生需要能够用流利的口语表达自己的意思,包括日常对话、演讲、辩论等不同形式的口语表达。

除了听力和口语能力,专八考试还重视考生的阅读和写作能力。

考生需要能够熟练地阅读各种不同类型的英文文章,包括新闻报道、学术论文、文学作品等。

同时,考生需要能够用准确、流畅的英语写出连贯、有逻辑性的文章,包括议论文、说明文、散文等不同类型的写作。

专八考试还考察考生的翻译能力。

考生需要能够准确地将中文翻译成英文,或将英文翻译成中文。

翻译要求考生能够准确地理解原文的意思,并用准确、流畅的语言将其表达出来。

专八等级评定是一个全面考察考生英语能力的过程。

考生需要具备扎实的英语基础知识,包括词汇量的丰富、语法的熟练掌握、句型结构的灵活运用等。

同时,考生还需要具备良好的听力和口语能力,能够听懂各种不同口音和语速的英语,用流利的口语表达自己的意思。

此外,考生还需要具备良好的阅读和写作能力,能够熟练地阅读各种不同类型的英文文章,用准确、流畅的英语写出连贯、有逻辑性的文章。

最后,考生还需要具备良好的翻译能力,能够准确地将中文翻译成英文,或将英文翻译成中文。

专八等级评定是对考生英语能力的全面评估。

考生需要在听力、口语、阅读、写作和翻译各个方面都具备较高的水平。

通过专八考试,考生可以获得一个证明自己英语能力的高级证书,为今后的工作和学习提供有力支持。

英语专业英语专八

英语专业英语专八

英语专业英语专八摘要:一、英语专业英语专八简介1.英语专业概述2.英语专八考试简介二、英语专八考试要求和内容1.考试级别和难度2.考试科目和题型3.考试时间和地点三、英语专八备考策略1.制定合理的学习计划2.提高听说读写综合能力3.做真题模拟考试四、英语专八考试对英语专业学生的影响1.提升就业竞争力2.提高英语水平3.为继续深造打下基础五、结论正文:英语专业英语专八,即英语专业八级,是我国高校英语专业教育体系中的一个重要级别。

英语专业旨在培养具有扎实的英语语言基础、广泛的英语文化知识和良好英语实际运用能力的复合型人才。

英语专八考试则是检验英语专业学生在这方面的综合能力。

英语专八考试对考生的英语水平要求较高,涵盖了听、说、读、写、译等多个方面。

考试共分为四个部分:听力、阅读、语法与词汇、写作。

其中,听力和阅读部分占总分的40%,语法与词汇部分占20%,写作部分占20%。

考试难度相当于母语为英语的国家大学生的英语水平。

备考英语专八,首先要制定合理的学习计划,根据自己的实际情况和时间安排,科学分配学习时间。

其次,要全面提升听说读写译的综合能力,通过大量阅读、听力训练、口语练习、写作训练和翻译实践,逐步提高英语水平。

此外,还要做真题模拟考试,熟悉考试题型和流程,增强考试信心。

英语专八考试对于英语专业学生具有重要的影响。

首先,通过英语专八考试,学生的英语水平得到提升,为其在就业市场上的竞争力增加砝码。

其次,英语专八证书是许多企事业单位、政府部门和外企选拔人才的重要依据,有利于学生顺利找到理想的工作。

最后,英语专八考试为学生继续深造,如攻读硕士、博士学位,提供了良好的基础。

总之,英语专八考试是英语专业学生检验自身英语水平和提升自身综合能力的重要途径。

英语专业八级考试内容

英语专业八级考试内容

英语专业八级考试内容英语专业八级考试内容英语专业八级考试是由高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会主办的(非教育部主办),对英语专业高年级学生英语水平进行衡量的一种外语水平考试。

以下是由店铺整理关于英语专业八级的内容,希望大家喜欢!英语专业八级英语专业八级是目前我国体现最高英语水平的等级考试。

它在每年的三月份举办一次,考试分为上午和下午两场,上午做听力、阅读、改错,下午做翻译和写作。

对时间的要求比较严格。

随着考试的日益正规化,参考人数的不断增加,专业八级考试(TEM-8)的权威性及社会影响也在不断地提高。

考试已得到越来越多的人的认可。

但市面上帮助学生了解TEM-8考试的书籍却不多,谈到TEM-8考试应试技巧的书籍就更少,为此新东方课堂针对TEM-8考试的各种题型编写了应试技巧,旨在帮助广大学生全面地了解TEM-8考试的性质、目的、内容所测试的语言能力等,从而做到知己知彼,顺利通过TEM-8考试。

考试内容涵盖英语听、读、写、译各方面,2005年又加入人文常识。

笔试形式考核。

口试另外考核,名称为“英语专业八级口语与口译考试”,合格后颁发“英语专业八级口语与口译证书”,但是口试的知名度不够,参加人数也不多,很多英语专业考生都不知道还有专八口试考试。

英语专八证书封面时间是每年3月上旬,对象是英语及相关专业大四学生。

非英语及相关专业与非在校生无法参加考试。

考试及格者由高等院校外语专业教学指导委员会颁发成绩单。

成绩分三级:60-69分是合格;70-79分是良好;80分及以上是优秀。

考试合格后颁发的证书终身有效。

从2003年起,考试不合格能够补考一次。

补考合格后只颁发合格证书。

英语专业四、八级统测(Test for English Majors,简称TEM)是为检测本科英语专业教学大纲执行情况而进行的本科教学考试。

国家教委《高等学校英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲》规定,高等学校英语专业基础阶段的教学任务和目的是“传授英语基础知识,对学生进行全面的、严格的基本技能训练,培养学生实际运用语言的能力,培养学生良好的学习作风和正确的学习方法,培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立工作能力,丰富学生社会文化知识,增强学生对文化差异的敏感性,为学生升入高年级打好扎实基矗高等学校英语专业高年级英语的教学任务是“继续打好语言基本功,进一步扩大知识面,重点应放在培养英语综合技能,充实文化知识,提高交际能力上。

最新版英语专业八级考试大纲

最新版英语专业八级考试大纲

最新版英语专业八级考试大纲最新版英语专业八级考试大纲英语专业八级考试是由高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会主办的(非教育部主办)。

它在每年的三月份举办一次,考试在上午进行,题型包括听力、阅读、改错、翻译和写作。

下面是yjbys店铺为大家带来的英语八级考试大纲,欢迎阅读。

一、考试目的:本考试旨在检查英语专业四年级学生运用英语获取、理解和处理一般或与专业相关信息以达到交际要求的能力。

二、考试的性质与范围:本考试属于标准参照性教学检查类考试。

考试范围包括听、读、写、译四个方面的能力。

三、考试时间、对象与命题:本考试在英语专业本科第八学期举行,每年一次。

考试对象为高校英语专业四年级学生。

本考试由外语专业教学测试专家委员会组织有关测试专家命题,外语专业教学测试办公室负责考试的实施。

四、考试形式:为了有效地考核学生综合运用英语进行交际的能力,既兼顾考试的科学性、客观性,又考虑到考试的可行性,本考试采用多种试题形式,以保证考试的效度和信度。

五、考试内容:本考试共有五个部分:听力理解、阅读理解、语言知识、翻译、写作。

整个考试需时155分钟。

I.听力理解(Part I: Listening Comprehension)1. 测试要求:(a) 能听懂真实交际场合中的各种英语会话和讲话。

(b) 能听懂有关政治、经济、历史、文化、教育、语言、文学、科普方面的演讲及演讲后的问答。

(c) 能理解所听材料的.大意,领会说话者的态度、感情和真实意图。

(d) 能做较为完整的笔记。

(e) 考试时间约25分钟。

2. 测试形式:本部分采用填空题和多项选择题形式,分两节:SectionA和SectionB,共20题。

Section A:Mini-lecture本部分由一个约900个单词的讲座和一项填空任务组成。

要求学生边听边做笔记,然后完成填空任务。

本部分共15道填空题。

Section B:Conversation or Interview本部分由一个约1000个单词的会话或两个约500个单词的会话组成。

全国翻译专业八级考试解析

全国翻译专业八级考试解析

全国翻译专业八级考试解析全国翻译专业八级考试是全国统一的翻译专业水平考试,是中国翻译行业最高级别的考试之一。

通过八级考试的人员将获得国家认可的翻译专业资格证书,成为具有国际水平的翻译专业人才。

对于翻译行业的从业人员来说,八级考试是他们职业生涯中迈出的重要一步,也是国家对翻译专业人才水平的一次全面考核。

本文将对全国翻译专业八级考试进行解析,包括考试内容、考试形式、备考方法等方面的详细介绍,希望能对即将参加八级考试的考生有所帮助。

一、考试内容全国翻译专业八级考试的内容主要包括听力、口语、阅读和写作四个部分。

听力和口语测试主要考察考生对英语口语和听力的应用能力,阅读和写作测试主要考察考生对英语阅读和写作的能力。

具体来说,听力测试主要包括听力理解和口语表达两个方面,要求考生在听力材料结束后进行口语表达。

阅读测试主要包括阅读理解和写作表达两个方面,要求考生在阅读材料结束后进行写作表达。

二、考试形式全国翻译专业八级考试的形式主要有笔试和口试两部分。

笔试主要包括听力和阅读两个模块,要求考生在规定的时间内完成相应的题目。

口试主要包括口语和写作两个模块,要求考生在规定的时间内进行口语表达和写作表达。

整个考试过程分为两天,第一天进行笔试,第二天进行口试。

三、备考方法为了帮助考生更好地备考全国翻译专业八级考试,以下给出一些备考方法供考生参考:1. 听力练习考生可以通过听英语电台、播客等方式进行听力练习,提高自己的听力水平。

可以通过听力题库进行模拟练习,熟悉考试的题型和要求。

2. 口语练习考生可以通过模仿英语口语,提高自己的口语表达能力。

可以选择一些经典的口语材料进行学习,同时可以找一些口语练习的伙伴,进行口语交流。

3. 阅读练习4. 写作练习以上备考方法仅供参考,考生可以根据自己的实际情况选择适合自己的备考方法,全面提高自己的英语水平和应试能力。

四、结语全国翻译专业八级考试对参加者的英语水平和应试能力提出了很高的要求,是对翻译专业人才的一次全面考核。

英语专业8级 -回复

英语专业8级 -回复

英语专业8级 -回复
英语专业八级考试(TEM-8,Test for English Majors-Band 8),全称为全国高校英语专业八级考试,自1991年起由中国大陆教育部实行,旨在考察全国综合性大学英语专业学生。

其考试在每年的三月份举办一次,考试在上午进行,题型包括听力、阅读、改错、翻译和写作。

考试内容涵盖英语听、读、写、译各方面,2005年又加入人文常识。

英语专业八级考试及格者由高等院校外语专业教学指导委员会颁发成绩单,成绩分三级:60-69分是合格;70-79分是良好;80分及以上是优秀。

考试合格后颁发的证书终身有效。

从2003年起,考试不合格能够补考一次,补考合格后只颁发合格证书。

如果你想了解更多关于英语专业八级的信息,可以继续向我提问。

英语专业八级考试题型及介绍

英语专业八级考试题型及介绍

英语专业八级考题型及介绍2008年的英语专业八级考试将在3月9日 8:30开始,时间为190分钟。

考试题型简介英语专业八级考试是由高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会主办的(非教育部主办),对英语专业高年级学生英语水平进行衡量的一种外语水平考试。

是目前我国体现最高英语水平的等级考试。

它在每年的三月份举办一次,对时间的要求比较严格,需要在规定的时间内完成相应题目,不可以拖延或者自由选择。

专业八级的虽然难度较大,但在全国的英语专业的学生考试的成绩来看,通过率是很高的,全国平均通过率是百分之六十多,为什么通过率这么高?就我个人的观点而言,是因为专八考试的题目采分点多,每道小题都是一分,特别是阅读理解这样容易失分的部分,每道题也都是一分,与四、六级不同。

下面将就将对专八考试的各部分体型的特点做出评价。

第一部分Ⅰ 专业八级考试大纲国家教委《高等学校英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲》规定,高等学校英语专业高年级英语的教学任务是“继续打好语言基本功,进一步扩大知识面,重点应放在培养英语综合技能,充实文化知识,提高交际能力上。

”同时,《大纲》也指出,“大纲的执行情况主要通过统一测试进行检查。

”“测试和评分应力求尽快达到标准化和电脑化,使具有科学性、客观性和可行性”。

根据《大纲》中的上述要求,英语专业八级考试大纲规定了以下原则及考试内容:(一、考试目的:)本考试的目的是检查大纲执行的情况,特别是大纲所规定的八级水平所要达到的综合语言技能和交际能力,促进大纲的进一步贯彻,提高教学质量。

(二、考试性质与范围:)本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的参照性水平考试。

考试的范围包括大纲所规定的听、读、写、译四个方面的技能。

由于大规模口试的条件目前尚不具备,所以有关说的技能暂缓测试。

(三、考试时间与命题:)英语专业八级考试于每年3月份举行。

由英语专业八级考试命题小组负责命题与实施。

(四、考试形式:)为了较好地考核学生运用各项基本技能的能力,既照顾到科学性、客观性,又照顾到可行性以及高级英语水平测试的特点,本考试的形式采用主观试题和客观试题相结合,单项技能测试与综合技能测试高度相结合的方法。

英语专业英语专八

英语专业英语专八

英语专业英语专八摘要:一、英语专业英语专八简介1.英语专业概述2.英语专八考试介绍二、英语专八考试要求和内容1.考试级别与难度2.考试科目与题型3.考试时间与分值分布三、英语专八备考策略1.提高英语综合能力2.制定合理的学习计划3.模拟考试与自我评估四、英语专八考试对英语专业学生的意义1.提升就业竞争力2.拓宽国际交流与合作领域3.培养更高层次的英语人才正文:英语专业英语专八,即英语专业八级,是我国高校英语专业教育体系中的一个重要级别。

英语专业旨在培养具有扎实的英语语言基础、广泛的英语文化知识和良好英语应用能力的人才。

英语专八考试则是检验英语专业学生在这方面的综合水平的重要手段。

英语专八考试分为听力、阅读、语法与词汇、写作四个科目,满分为100 分。

考试难度较高,要求学生在听、说、读、写四个方面都有较高的水平。

通过英语专八考试,不仅能够证明自己的英语实力,还能为今后的就业和发展提供有力保障。

要想顺利通过英语专八考试,首先要提高自己的英语综合能力。

这包括坚实的英语语法基础、丰富的词汇量、良好的阅读习惯和听力训练。

此外,制定合理的学习计划和目标也是非常重要的。

学生可以根据自己的实际情况,合理安排学习时间,确保每个科目都得到充分复习。

在备考过程中,模拟考试和自我评估同样不可或缺。

通过模拟考试,学生可以熟悉考试题型、了解考试流程,从而在正式考试时更加从容应对。

同时,学生还可以通过自我评估,找出自己的薄弱环节,有针对性地进行改进。

英语专八考试对于英语专业学生来说具有重要的意义。

首先,通过考试可以提升学生的就业竞争力,增加就业机会。

其次,英语专八证书是许多企事业单位、政府部门和外企选拔人才的重要依据。

此外,英语专八证书还是许多国际交流与合作项目的敲门砖,有助于学生拓宽国际视野,提升自己的综合素质。

总之,英语专八考试不仅是检验英语专业学生水平的重要手段,更是提升学生综合素质、拓宽发展空间的宝贵机会。

英语专业八级考试

英语专业八级考试

文化背景知识
• 翻译不单纯是个语言转换的问题。要做好 翻译,译者除了需要有扎实的双语基本功 外,还需要有广博的知识面,包括英语国 家的文学、历史、社会、政治、地理等知 识。值得一提的是,有一部分考生这一方 面的知识相当缺乏。 • 冷餐会 • Cold dish party
英语专业八级考试翻译应试技巧
• 简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日,婚恋 嫁娶的小事。因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在 西方享有那么高的声誉。但一部小说开掘得深不 深,艺术和思想是否有过人之处,的确不在题材 大小。有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道 的橄榄。这不仅因为她的语言精彩,并曾对小说 艺术的发展有创造性的贡献,也因为她的轻快活 泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白,那么透明。史密 斯夫人说过,女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩 序,改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。 也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度, 明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
认知不足
• 再说英语的问题。考生英语基本功的薄弱 体现在英译汉原文理解上和汉译英译文表 达上。英语基本功差在英译汉上的表现首 先在于相当一部分考生不认识本来应该认 识的词汇、短语等。 • Topflight • 高级飞行员
不顾细节
• 英语是我们的外语,汉译英表达上的问题 在多数考生的译文中都比较突出。常出现 的问题包括同义词辨析、拼写、时态、性、 数、词性、虚拟语气、重要句型等,最明 显的问题就是逐句死译,文体混乱,用词、 搭配错误等。
英语专业八级考试
翻译部分
简介
英语专业八级考试是面向全国英语专业四年级学 生、全面检测考生“听、读、写、译”的水平 考试。其中的翻译(包括英译汉、汉译英)是 八级考试中很重要的内容,占总分的20%,也 是广大考生最大的难点。历年八级考试翻译中 英译汉部分的原文多为报刊时事文章,以及论 述英语国家文化、社会的文章,真正的文学作 品节录很少;汉译英部分的原文多为介绍性的 文字,记叙文、论述文不多,真正的中国文学 作品节录也较少。不论是汉译英,还是英译汉 原文长度仅有一、二百词(字),且不涉及任 何专业知识,比较适合检验考生的双语转换能 力。
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专业八级-883(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数:1,分数:10.00)The American FamilyWe'll learn the American families from the followingfive aspects:1. Family structures1) Immediate family, consisting of parentsand children2) (1) ______ family—consisting of parents, (1) ______children, uncles, cousins, grandparents, etc.2. The emphasis on individual freedomThe primary propose of a family is to (2) ______ (2) ______the happiness of individual members. Family name andhonor are (3) ______ important. (3) ______3. The role of the childEmphasis on the individual may affect children intwo ways:—Children nay get more attention and more power;—Children may not get enough attention due tothe fact that both parents are (4) ______. (4) ______4. (5) ______ in the family (5) ______5. Family values1) clearly traditional values—respecting one's (6) ______ (6) ______—being (7) ______ for one's actions (7) ______—having faith in God—respecting authority—married to (8) ______ for life (8) ______—leaving the world in better shape2) newer values—giving (9) ______ to other members of (9) ______the family—respecting people for themselves—developing greater skill in communicatingone's feelings—respecting one's children—living up to one's (10) ______ as (10) ______an individualThe American FamilyWe'll learn the American families from the followingfive aspects:1. Family structures1) Immediate family, consisting of parentsand children2) (1) ______ family—consisting of parents, (1) ______children, uncles, cousins, grandparents, etc.2. The emphasis on individual freedomThe primary propose of a family is to (2) ______ (2) ______the happiness of individual members. Family name andhonor are (3) ______ important. (3) ______3. The role of the childEmphasis on the individual may affect children intwo ways:—Children nay get more attention and more power;—Children may not get enough attention due tothe fact that both parents are (4) ______. (4) ______4. (5) ______ in the family (5) ______5. Family values1) clearly traditional values—respecting one's (6) ______ (6) ______—being (7) ______ for one's actions (7) ______—having faith in God—respecting authority—married to (8) ______ for life (8) ______—leaving the world in better shape2) newer values—giving (9) ______ to other members of (9) ______the family—respecting people for themselves—developing greater skill in communicatingone's feelings—respecting one's children—living up to one's (10) ______ as (10) ______an individual(分数:10.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:Extended)解析:[听力原文]1-10In today's lecture, I'll talk about the American family from the following five aspects: family structures, the emphasis on individual freedom, the role of the child, equality in the family, and family values.First, family structures. What is the typical American families like? If Americans are asked to name the members of their families, family structure becomes clear. Married American adults will name their husband or wife and their children, if they have any, as their "immediate family". If they mention their father, mother, sisters, or brothers, they will define them as separate units, usually living in separate households. Aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents are considered "extended family." Traditionally, the American family has been a nuclear family, consisting of a husband, wife and their children, and living in a house or apartment. Grandparents rarely live in the same home with their married sons or daughters, and uncles and aunts almost never do.Second, the emphasis on individual freedom. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members. The result is that the needs of each individual take priority in the life of the family. In contrast to that of many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically, nor is it to bring honor to the family name. This is partly becausethe United States is not an aristocratic society. Family name and honor are less important than in aristocratic societies, since equality of opportunity regardless of birth is considered a basic American value. Moreover, there is less emphasis on the family as an economic unit because the American family is rarely self-supporting. Relatively few families maintain self-supporting family farms or businesses for more than one generation. A farmer's son, for example, is very likely to go on to a college, leave the family farm, and take an entirely different job in a different location. The American desire for freedom from outside control clearly extends to the family. Americans do net like to have controls placed on them by other family members. They want to make independent decisions and not be told what to do by grandparents or uncles or aunts. For example, both American men and women expect to decide what job is best for them as individuals. Indeed, young Americans are encouraged by their families to make such independent career decisions. What would be best for the family is not considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual.Third, the role of the child. The American emphasis on the individual, rather than the group, affects children in a contradictory way. On the one hand, it may cause them to get more attention and even have more power than they should. On the other hand, because most children have mothers who are working outside the home, they may not get enough attention from either parent. Worse yet, parents who feel guilty for not having enough time with their children may give them more material things to compensate for the lack of attention. Studies show that both parents are now spending less time with their children, due to work habits and a busy lifestyle. In general, American families tend to place more emphasis on the needs and desires of the child and less on the child's social and family responsibilities. In the years after World War Two, so much stress has been placed on the psychological needs of children that the number of experts in this field has increased enormously. Some Americans believe that the emphasis on the psychological needs of the individual child have been carried too far by parents and experts alike. Although Americans may not agree on how best to nurture and discipline their children, they still hold the basic belief that the major purpose of the family is the development and welfare of each of its members as individuals.The next point I'd like to talk about is equality in the family. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality has had a strong effect on the family. There is much more social equality between parents and children than in most aristocratic societies or societies ruled by centuries of tradition. This can be witnessed in arguments between parents and their children, and in the considerable independence granted to teenagers. Children are given a lot of freedom and equality in the family so that they will grow up to be independent, self-reliant adults.Last, the family values. Daniel Yankelovich, based on a survey, reports that there are 11 points that a majority of Americans agree on "family values". He classifies six of them as "clearly traditional". They are respecting one's parents, being responsible for one's actions, having faith in God, respecting authority, married to the same person for life, and leaving the world in better shape. The other five are "a blend of traditional and newer, more expressive values". They are giving emotional support to other members of the family, respecting people for themselves, developing greater skill in communicating one's feelings, respecting one's children, and living up to one's potential as an individual. The ideal of the American family is group cooperation to help achieve the fulfillment of each individual member, and shared affection to renew each member's emotional strength. Families can be viewed as similar to churches in this regard. Both are seen by Americans as places where the human spirit can find refuge from the highly competitive world outside and renewed resources to continue the effort.By this, we are now coming to the end of today's lecture. Thank you for your attention.填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:advance/promote)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:less)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:working outside)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:Equality)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:parents)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:responsible)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:the same person)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:emotional support)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:potential)解析:三、SECTION B(总题数:1,分数:5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions.Now listen to the conversation.Questions 1 to 5 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions.Now listen to the conversation.(分数:5.00)(1).What is the conversation mainly about?(分数:1.00)A.The location of the Economics office.B.Course arrangement. √C.Facilities and teaching faculty.D.School regulations and restrictions.解析:[听力原文]1-5Mary (W) John Smith (M)W: Hello, may I come in?M: Oh, yes, come in. How can I help you?W: I was looking for the Economics office. I've been all over the Arts Faculty building looking for it but I could only find the School of Accounting and Economic History. Is this the right place?M: Yes, this is the School of Economics.W: Oh, good. My name is Mary. I am a new student and I was wondering if someone could give me some information.M: Nice to meet you, Mary. I think I might be able to help. I am John Smith. I lecture on that program. What do you need to know?W: Quite a few things. Firstly, how many lectures a week do I have to attend?M: Ah, well, the Economics course is a double unit so there are two lectures a week and one tutorial. The lectures are scheduled for Tuesday and Thursday.W: What time?M: Let me see.., you know this information is all in the handout which you should have received yesterday at the orientation meeting.W: Oh, was there a meeting yesterday? I didn't know about that.M: Yes, there was. But never mind. New lectures are at four in the afternoon.W: Four's a bit late. I've got a part time job that starts at four thirty.M: Well, you can't be in two places at once. And attendance at lectures is necessary. We expect at least 90% attendance at this university, you know.W: 90%? That's high. Maybe I have to omit this one, too. Do they enforce that rule?M: Yes, we do. We're pretty strict about it actually.W: And what times have been sot down for the tutorials?M: That's a very well attended course so there are a number of tutorial times. Monday, Wednesday and Friday, all at 9 o'clock. Yours will be allocated at the first lecture.W: Can't I choose the time?M: Maybe, maybe not. You'll have to talk to the lecturer on the course. Dr. Roberts is his name. W: Oh, when can I find him?M: Well, he will arrive here at three o'clock. He will supervise his master students then. But you may have to wait for another forty minutes. Or you can deal with something else first. He won't leave until maybe five o'clock.W: What a pity! I have to do my part time job. Is it possible that I leave a message and call on him later?M: Well, of course. Just a minute! Why don't you wait until tomorrow? He will attend a meeting at Room 302 this building from a quarter to nine.W: That's more reasonable. Thank you for your suggestion. Is it Room 302?M: Yes. Anything else I can help with while you're here?W: Well, yes. Do you know what the course requirements are? I mean, how much work is expected for this course?M: Well, you have to complete a tutorial paper.W: What does that involve?M: Well, it's a piece of work on a given topic based on some set of reading texts. You'll have to give a small talk to your tutorial group.W: How Dong does that have to be?M: Oh, about 25 minutes usually.W: I have to talk for 25 minutes?M: Yes, that's right. And then you have to write up your piece of work and give it to the lecturer to be marked.W: Right. And is that all?M: No. You also have to complete a 3,000-wont essay on a topic.W: Can I choose the topic?M: Yes, usually you can.W: Right. That shouldn't be too bad.M: And in addition to that there is an exam.W: An exam! What sort of exam?M: Well, it's an open book exam.W: Does that mean I can have the textbook with me during the exam?M: Yes, that's right.W: And can you give me any idea about the content of the first year of Economics so that I can get into some reading?M: Well, you'll be getting the reading list next week when lectures start. All the books are in the library.W: Yes, but won't everyone else take them out as soon as they get the reading list too?M: Yes, they might. But most of the important ones axe held in Closed Reserve. That's part of the library where you can go to read books but you can't take them out of the building. However, we do recommend that you buy the core books. You'll find them useful and you'll need them forthe exam.W: Yes, I will. Well thanks for all your help.M: That's fine.(2).What is the possible relationship of the two speakers?(分数:1.00)A.Two students.B.Two teachers.C.A student and a teacher. √D.A student and a director.解析:(3).According to the conversation, Mary will probably meet Dr. Roberts at(分数:1.00)A.3 p.m..B.4 p. m.C.5 p.m..D.8:45 a.m. the next day. √解析:(4).The course requirements of the School of Economics cover all the following EXCEPT(分数:1.00)A.90% of lecture attendance.B.tutorial once a week.C.a 3,000-word essay.D.a closed book exam. √解析:(5).Mary is suggested to get the core books of the course by(分数:1.00)A.buying them. √B.borrowing them front tile library.C.borrowing them from the Closed Reserve.D.reading them in the Closed Reserve.解析:四、SECTION C(总题数:3,分数:5.00)Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.(分数:2.00)(1).What presents a barrier to Turkey's joining the EU?(分数:1.00)A.The fact that Turkey is predominately a Muslim country.B.The fact that Turkey has a big population.C.The fact that Turkey refused to recognize Cyprus. √D.The fact that Cyprus prevent Turkey from joining the EU.解析:[听力原文]6-7European Union foreign ministers are putting pressure on Turkey to recognize Cyprus if Ankara expects to ever join the 25-nation bloc. Turkey is to begin negotiations on October 3 that could eventually lead to EU membership for the predominately Muslim nation of 70 million people. But Ankara's refusal to recognize the government of Cyprus—an EU member—has east a shadow over the process. Further complicating matters are recent referendums in France and the Netherlands, in which voters rejected an EU constitution, partly out of concern about Turkey joining the Union. One suggestion is to offer Turkey something less than full EU membership, a proposal tacitly backed by Austrian Foreign Minister Ursula Plassnik. However, Turkey rejects anything but full EUmembership. Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul says the idea of a so-called privileged partnership with the EU, is in his words, "illegitimate and immoral./(2).According to the news, which of the following is TRUE?(分数:1.00)A.As an EU member, Turkey enjoys privileges.B.Cyprus is not an EU member.C.Turkey will be admitted into EU with half membership.D.There are 25 EU members. √解析:1.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.Which of the following statements is TRUE?(分数:1.00)A.America has won the championship five times so far. √B.Canada won the second prize at this contest.C.The questions asked at the contest are all about geography.D.The three winners have different ideas about their future careers.解析:[听力原文]A team of three American high school students has won the National Geographic World Championship in Budapest, Hungary Thursday. The team from Russia came in second and Canada was third. They received their gold medals after a nerve-wracking hour, which included burning questions on the capital of Slovakia, an egg-laying mammal, and questionable election practices in Zimbabwe. Fourteen-yeas old Jesse Weinberg from Coral Gables in Florida said he could not believe his team managed to win the championship. Like his two teammates, Jesse wants to start a career in geography, perhaps in politics.It is the fifth time the U. S. has won the National Geographic World contest, despite a recent survey showing that American youngsters know less about geography than most of their foreign counterparts.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.(分数:2.00)(1).According to Dr. Shear, complicated grief(分数:1.00)A.results from the death of a beloved one.B.is an intense feeling lasting six months or longer. √C.is an intense feeling lasting three months or longer.D.is hard to cure.解析:[听力原文]9-10A new form of treating grief following the death of a loved one has been found to be more successful than conventional psychotherapy in some patients. Complicated grief includes intense feelings that last six months or longer, according to psychiatrist Katherine Shear of the University of Pittsburgh. Experts say people suffering from complicated grief do not respond well to traditional psychotherapy. So, Dr. Shear and colleagues developed a new form of treatment designed to get those with complicated grief to both accept their loss and focus on their personal life goals. The therapy includes "revisiting"—tape recording the patient telling the story of the loved one'sdeath—and having the patient listen to the story daily, to help them lessen the intensity of emotion. The patient also tells the loved one things they didn't get to hear in life.In a study comparing the two types of therapy, 51 percent of people with complicated grief were helped compared to 28 percent of people receiving traditional psychotherapy.(2).The new therapy(分数:1.00)A.is quite effective as compared with the traditional therapy. √bines medical treatment and psychotherapy.C.focuses on personal development.D.doesn't allow the patients to talk about the death of the loved one.解析:五、PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数:0,分数:0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数:1,分数:5.00)In the eighteenth century, Japan's feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords' failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords' control. Concentration of the samurai in castle towns had acted as a stimulus to nude. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords' income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overloads' income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an in crease in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan's central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.Most of the country's wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun's burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns' search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.(分数:5.00)(1).Which is the author's attitude toward the samurai discussed in the first paragraph?(分数:1.00)A.Warmly approving.dly sympathetic. √C.Bitterly disappointed.D.Harshly disdainful.解析:观点态度题,问作者对第一段中所描述的武士们抱什么样态度。

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