英语专业八级人文知识

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英语专业八级人文知识精讲

What is not a nationally observed holiday of American?A. Easter SundayB. Veterans’ DayC. Independence DayD.Christmas解答:在美国有10个节日是全国性的节日:圣诞节(Christmas, Dec 25) 、新年(New Year’s Day, Jan. 1)、感恩节(Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thurs in Nov.)、劳动节(Labour Day, 1st Mon. in Sept.)、退伍军人节(Veterans’Day, Nov.11)、独立纪念日(Independence Day, July 4)、华盛顿诞辰纪念日(Washington’s Birthday, 3rd Mon. in Feb.)、哥伦布纪念日(Columbus Day, 2nd Mon. in Oct.)、阵亡将士纪念日(Memorial Day, May 30)、马丁.路德金诞辰纪念日(Martin Luther King’s Birthday, 3rd Mon. in Jan.)Easter Sunday (复活节)是基督教的重要节日,但不是全国同庆的节日.1.Where is Edinburgh?A. In WalesB. In ScotlandC. In Northern IrelandD. In Ireland 解答:B。

Wales的首府为Cardiff(加的夫), Scotland的首府为Edinburgh(爱丁堡), Northern Ireland 的首府为Belfast(贝尔法斯特), Ireland的首府为Dublin(都柏林)。

2.Which of the following is NOT a U.S. news and cable network?A. ABCNC.CBSD.BBC解答:D。

专八人文知识讲义完整版

人文知识讲义2004年2月全国英语考试专业教学指导委员会修订专八考试大纲，2005年正式实施，开始新增人文知识的内容。

主要包括：英语国家概括、英语语言文学知识、和英语语言学知识。

测试要求：1 英语国家地理、历史、文化、教育等等。

4题。

主要考察英国、美国必有（地理、历史、文化和政治），加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰概括，爱尔兰没有出现，2 英语文学知识。

3题。

文学部分英美文学作家作品，流派、文学贡献也会出现，及格律3 英语语言学知识。

3题。

语言学基本概念，及其代表理论、代表著作注意：人文一般不会考很偏的知识第一章英语国家概况第一节美国地理：东南西北地理位置、人口3亿（人口最多的是加州、德州、纽约州、佛罗里达州等，主要为印第安人，首先移民到此是英国人和荷兰人）、星条旗为国旗（13和50）、国徽白头鹰、国歌《星条旗永不落》（1931年通过）、首都华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，属于中央政府管理。

50州，最大阿拉斯加，最小罗得岛州，美国本土最大德克萨斯州。

美国又称为Uncle Sam（1961年美国国会正式承认），国花为玫瑰Rose。

美国本土共分为6大地区：New England：6州，最重要为马萨诸塞州（波士顿）、罗德岛州（普罗维登斯）和新罕布什尔（康科德）。

总统大选初选开始于新罕布什尔。

1 美国诞生地和独立战争的主要战场。

2 波士顿美国最古老的城市，有麻省理工学院和哈佛。

波士顿的龙虾很有名3 新英格兰人又称为yankees.the Middle Atlantic States: 7州、最重要的为纽约州、宾州、新泽西州和马里兰州。

1 白宫和国会山在华盛顿特区。

2 纽约是美国最大的城市，联合国大厦等等著名建筑在此。

共有5个区：分别是曼哈顿、皇后、布鲁克林、布朗克斯和斯塔滕岛。

有帝国大厦和自由女神像。

哥伦比亚大学和康奈尔大学。

纽约称为big apple。

3 尼亚加拉大瀑布在纽约州的水牛城。

4 葛底斯堡位于宾州，林肯曾在此发表过演讲。

英语专业八级考试人文知识点

英语专业八级考试人文知识点(1)__1__ Who was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies?A KeplerB CopernicusC GalileoD Newton__2__ Whose discovery of the law of the universal gravitation is the most important of all his achievement in ph ysics?A KeplerB Issac NewtonC GalileoD Copernicus__3__The three biggest newspapers are of the following except ___.A New York TimesB Washington PostC Los Angeles TimesD Reader’s Digest__4__Metropolitan Museum is in__.A Washington D.C.B BostonC New YorkD Philadelphia__5__The New Frontier was put forward by __.A KennedyB JohnsonC NixonD Benjamin Franklin__6__Who resigned because of Watergate Scandal, the first president to do so in American history?A KennedyB JohnsonC Richard NixonD Truman__7__Empire State Building is in___.A ChicagoB New YorkC Washington D.C.D Detroit__8__ “Knowledge is power.” Was said by__.A Francis BaconB ShakespeareC Thomas HobbesD John Locke__9__Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature?A John LockeB DescartesC Pierre GassendiD Thomas Hobbes__10__Jazz, a great contribution to the world popular music, was originated from the music of __.A IndiansB SpanishC NegroesD Portuguese答案解析：1选C。

英语专业八级人文常识

1.密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线2.美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the UnitedStates Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court3.Louisiana，路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。

4.The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。

5.typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。

冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。

6.automobile industry，底特律是美国著名的汽车城7.John Fitzgerald Kennedy肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统8.美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州Massachusetts, 麻省的首府是波士顿9.美国南北的分界线是密苏里河The Missouri River10.华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图 . 华盛顿特区位于波托马克河Potomac上11.美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年12.美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯•杰弗逊13.华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。

14.New Deal新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的15.The Bill of Rights consists of 10 amendments added to the Constitution in1791人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案16.soybeans and corn美国出产占世界一半的是大豆和玉米17.The Age of Visual Information开创人类视觉信息革命的重大发明是电视机18.美国的许多政治观念都是来源于英国著名哲学家约翰•洛克John Locke19.曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区，也是纽约的中心地带20.好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶Los Angles21.Newsweek《新闻周刊》是美国的报纸，而The International Herald Tribune《国际先驱论坛》是法国的，The Guardian《卫报》和The Daily Telegraph 《每日电讯》为英国的。

英语专业八级人文知识

英语专业八级人文知识美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is__The Mississippi River___.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is__Non-hispanics white__.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is_African Americans___.5 __America__has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War two____.7 In the United States, primary education requires_six___years.8 Most college students in the United States are in_public institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are__District Courts_____Courts of Appeal____Supreme Court._.10 __Louisana___(which state )is not governed by the commonlaw.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

专八人文知识 (2)

2014年专八人文知识真题：
5. "Grace under pressure" is an outstanding virtue of ________ heros? A. Scott Fitagerald's B. Ernest Hemingway's C. William Faulkner's D. Eugene O' Neill's
2015年专八人文知识真题：
A is best known for the technique of 35. ____ dramatic monologue in his poems. A. Robert Browning B. W. B. Yeats C. William Blake D. William Wordsworth
美国文学分为四个时期: 1. The Literature around the Revolution of Independence 独立革命前后的文学时期 2. American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义时期 3. American Realism 美国现实主义文学时期 4. American Modernism 美国现代主义文学时期
语言学上几个重要的对比：
1. Prescriptive & Descriptive
2. Competence & Performance 3. Langue & Parole
4. Synchronic & Diachronic
Speech Act Theory 言语行为理论
locutionary act 言语行为 illocutionary act 施事行为 Speaking sth. is doing sth. perlocutionary act 取效行为

英语专业八级人文知识讲座PPT

American Literature
World literature is the body of written works produced around the world in different languages and cultures It encompassed a vast range of cultures, including those from Asia, Africa, Latin America, and other parts of the world
The influence of these festivals on English culture and society is explored, showing how they have shaped the English way of life
Origin and development
English literature is a significant part of human culture, representing the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of people in England and the Commonwealth countries It covers a wide range of genes, including poetry, novels, short stories, and drama
Lecture on Humanities Knowledge of English Majors
English Literature English History English Culture English Philosophy English Linguistics English education English Psychology

英语专业八级人文知识（总结）

英语专业⼋级⼈⽂知识（总结）⼈⽂知识英语国家社会与⽂化考题回顾：1999 年:1. The Observer2. The geographical location of North America3. The old universities in U.K.4. Westminster Palace2000年:1.The titles of English nobility2.The features of Irish landscape3.The longest river in Britain4.The legislative branch in U.K.5.The Hundred Years’ War2001年:1.The founding of Harvard2.The settlement of Anglo-Saxons3.The official name of U.K.4.The economic activity of Canada2002年:1.Wall Street—the financial center2.Big Ben, Benjamin Hall3.The compulsory education in U.K.4.Three branches of U.S.A. government2003年:1.The location of California2.British news agency3.The founding fathers of U.S.A.4.The geography of Canada2004年:1.1920s in U.S.A.2.The largest river in U.S.A.3.The discovery of the New World4.The first settlement in America2005年:1.The capital city of Canada2.How long the U.S. President serves3.The important cities in U.S.A.4.The state church in England2006年:1.The President in the Civil War2. The capital city of New Zealand3. The natives of Australia4. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of the Cabinet2007年:1. The origin of the current British population2. The Head of State of Canada is represented by the Governor-general3. The author of the Declaration of Independence4. The original inhabitants of Australia2008年:1.The largest city in Canada.2.The legislative branch of the U.S. government3.The oldest sport in U.S.A.4.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand2009年:1.The Head of State of New Zealand2.The capital of Scotland3.The author of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. president4.The cities located on the eastern coast of Australia.2010年1. The British Constitution2. The first city in Canada3. The founding of Australian Federation4. The Emancipation ProclamationThe United Kingdom地理、⼈⼝及基本事实:1. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Geographical Names: British Isles, Great Britain and England2. Geographical position: the English Channel3. Four political divisions: England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff), Northern Ireland (Belfast)4. The Commonwealth: a free association of independent countries, from 1931 to 1991, 50 member nations4. Rivers and Lakes: the longest—the Severn; Thames—the second longest and the most important; River Clyde—the most important in Scotland; Lough Neagh—the largest lake5. Mountains: Ben Nevis (the highest); Scafell (the highest in England); Snowdonia (the highest in Wales)6. The People: English (Anglo-Saxons); (the Celts) Welsh; Scottish; Irish.7. Eisteddfodau—the annual festival for Welsh poetry, music, singing and art历史备考点:The Origins of a Nation1. The first known settlers—Iberians2. The Celts (700 B.C.): three waves—Gaels; Brythons; Belgae3. Romans:Julius Caesar; Claudius (43AD, successful invasion); Christianity4. The Anglo-Saxons: Three Germanic tribes (Jutes, Anglos, Saxons)The foundation of the English state—shires; narrow-strip, three-field farming system; the manorial system; the Witan (贤⼈会议)5. The Viking and Danes:Alfred the Great—“the father of the British navy”; translate into English Ecclesiastical History of the English People (英国⼈民教会史)；established schools; formulate a legal system6. The Norman Conquest: 1066, the best-known event in English history, William the Conqueror; the establishment of the feudal system; the introduction of Norman French culture, language, manners and architecture; closer connection with RomeThe Shaping of the Nation1. The Great Charter: 1215, King John, 63 clauses. The statement of the relationship between the Crown and the baron; a guarantee of the freedom of the Church; a limitation of the power of the king (the spirit of the Great Charter or Magna Carta)2. All Estates Parliament—Simon de Montfort, 1265, the Great Council, the House of Lords, the House of Commons, the beginning of Parliament3. Black Death: the deadly epidemic disease; the 14th century; reduced the population from 4 million to 2 million;4. The Hundred Years’ War (1337—1453): blessing for both countries,4. The Peasant Uprising: 1381, Wat Tyler (killed) and Jack Straw; a telling blow to villeinage.Transition to the Modern Age1. The Wars of Roses (1455-1485): the battles between Lancaster (red rose) and York (white rose); Henry Tudor (the descendant of Duke of Lancaster) won, thus the rule of Tudors; the death blow to feudalism.2. The English Reformation: (1529-1534) Henry VIII, began with a struggle for divorce (Catherine of Aragon) and ended in the freedom from the Papacy; an independent Church of England; the king—the Supreme Head of the Church of England.3. Bloody Mary: 300 Protestants; the French port of Calais4. Elizabeth I: the defeat of Armada (the Spanish fleet)5. The English Renaissance: (rebirth) largely artistic; Elizabethan Drama (Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson and William Shakespeare)6. The Divine Rights of Kings: Charles I7. The Civil Wars (1642-1651): between the Cavaliers (the king’s men) and Roundheads (the Parliamentary supporters); Oliver Cromwell (New Model Army) (Lord Protector); the Puritan Revolution; overthrew the feudal system; the beginning ofthe modern history8. The Restoration; the return of Charles II from his exile in France;9. The Glorious Revolution: 1688, the smooth takeover of English throne by William ofOrange, replacing James II (a Catholic king, the brother of Charles II), with no bloodshed, nor execution of the king.10. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605: Guy Fawkes (Catholic) planted barrels of gun-powder in the cellar of the Parliament; the execution of Fawkes; a national annual celebration (bonfire and firework display)The British Empire1. Whigs and Tories (the forerunner of the Conservative Party)2. The Enclosure Movement:3. The Industrial Revolution: the mechanization of industry; the late 18th and early 19th century; after the revolution, by 1830,“the workshop of the world”; the industrial working class—the proletariat4. The Chartist Movement (1836-1848)—“the first broad, really mass, political formed, proletarian revolutionary movement”(Lenin)5. The Labor Party—the Independent Labor Party(the origin); then the Labor Representation Committee; the Labor Party (1906).6. The first colony—Newfoundland, 15837. The East Indian Company: 1600, the economic penetration; 1858, ruled by the British crown; 1877, Queen Victoria, Empress of India.8. The Opium War: 18409. WWI: the Central Power (Germany and Austria-Hungary); the “Allies”(Britain, France and Russia); The Treaty of Versailles (1919); the League of Nations10. The Roaring Twenties: women with cropped hair and short dresses; two imports from America: jazz, silent films11. The Swinging Sixties—the permissive age; pop music (the Beatles turned their hometown of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage)12. 1973: a full member of the European Economic Committee13. Thatcherism: the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher (the iron lady), the return to private ownership of the state-owned industries, the strengthening of the role of market forces, and an emphasis on law and order.14. The Statute of Westminster (1931)政治1. The Constitutional Monarchy2. The monarch: the symbol of the whole nation, the head of the executive, head of judiciary, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England.3. The components of the English Parliament: the Sovereign, the House of Lords (the oldest part of the Parliament) and the House of Commons (the real center of power in the Parliament) (651 members of Parliament); the maximum duration—five years4. The British Constitution: unwritten, including statute law, common law and conventions.5. Prime Minister—the leader of the majority party; the Cabinet—the core of leadership6. The Official Opposition—the party which wins the second largest number of seats, the“shadow cabinet”7. Downing Street No. 10—the official residence of the Prime Minister8. The Speaker—presiding over the House and enforcing the rules of order教育,社会,⽂化传统1. NHS—the National Health Service, a full range of medical services, the largest single employer of labor in U.K.2. Established religion: the Church of England (the Sovereign as the “Defender of Faith”) (changes only with the consent of the Parliament); the Presbyterian in Scotland3. Football: soccer, 19th century4. Rugby—invented at Rugby school in Warwich shire in the 19th century5. Cricket—the most typical English sport6. The home of golf is Scotland7. Magazines and newspapers: the Spectator; the Times; the Economist8. The most famous music and art festival in Britain9. Easter: the resurrection of Christ, the first Sunday after the first full moon after the spring equinox10. Hogmanay—Scottish New Year’s Eve11. Boxing Day: December 26th, the gift to give “Christmas boxes”, or gifts of money, to servants or tradesmanIreland1.The Emerald Isle: rich green countryside2.The largest river—the Shannon River3.Two official languages: Irish, English4.National Day: March 17th, St. Patrick’s Day (the arrival of St. Patrick—the mostimportant event in Irish history)5.Parliament: the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann); the Senate (Seanad)6.The two political parties: Fianna Fail; Fine Gael7.The oldest university in Ireland: the University of Dublin8.Roman Catholics: 93% of the Irish population9.Ulysses: James Joyce’s masterpieceThe United States of America:地理, ⼈⼝及基本事实1.The Rocky Mountains—the backbone the continent2.The Mississippi—the world’s third longest continental river, “Father of Waters”,“Old Man River”.3.The Five Great Lakes: Huron; Ontario; Michigan; Erie; Superior4.The Niagara Falls—between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie5.Yellowstone National Park—the oldest national park in the world and the largestwildlife preserve in the U.S.A.6.The Statute of Liberty—New York Harbor7.Grand Canyon—the state of Arizona8.Alaska and Hawaii—the two newest states in USA9.Alaska—the largest state in area; Rhode Island—the smallest; Texas—the largeststate on the mainland10.New England—the birthplace of America11.The nickname of the U.S.A.: Yankees1600—1900:1. The discoverer of America2. Magellan3. The 13 colonies4. May Flower5. Stamp Tax6. The Boston Tea Party7. The First Continental Congress8. The Second Continental Congress9. The beginning of the War of Independence10. The turning point of the War of Independence11. The Treaty of Paris12. The Constitutional Convention13. The Bill of Rights:14. The turning point of the Civil War15. Lincoln16. The Louisiana Territory17. The Westward Movement:18. KKK: Ku Klux Klan, terrorized and attacked the black, progressives, Communists and social party members. 1900—1945:1. The “Open Door Policy”—Theodore Roosevelt2. The 1920s—material success and spiritual frustration, confusion and purposelessness3. The Great Depression—1929-1933, the stock market crash, from prosperity to bleak despair,3. “N ew deal”—to save American democracy and capitalist system, social security systems,4. WWI—pro-Ally partiality5. Isolationism—1930s, to keep the U.S. out of the war in Europe and Asia6. WWII—(guiding principles) establish postwar political structure in accordance with American interests and; prevent Soviet Union from over-expansion1945—:1. The containment policy2. The Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King (non-violence) and Malcolm X(violence)3. The Sino-US relations: 1972, the Shanghai (Joint) Communique; 1979, the diplomatic relations was established4. The Vietnam War5. Baby-boomer: 1946-1961, helped to bring an end to the Vietnam War5. The Counterculture Movement6. The New Frontier.7. The Watergate Scandal—Nixon, the first to resign in American history8. New Right conservatism9. Desert Storm政治1. The American constitution; 1787, 1789; the oldest written constitution; principles—rule by law: popular sovereignty; separation of power; judicial review; civilian supremacy in military matters; protection of individual rights and federalism2. The Bill of Rights3. The Separation of three powers: Congress (the legislative branch); President (the executive branch); the judicial branch4. The Congress: the Senate (2 members from each state) (vice president as the president of the Senate 副总统为参议院议长); the House of Representatives (based on population) (the presiding officer—the Speaker of the House众议院主持官员)5. The President can appoint the federal court judges, preside over the government, sign and veto laws passed by the Congress;6. Impeachment7. The judicial branch: the Supreme Court; the circuit court of appeals (巡回上诉法院); district court8. The bipartisanship (the two party system)—the Republican; the Democratic The emblem of the two parties9. The Democratic: Anti-Federalists; Thomas Jefferson; greater federal involvement in economic issues and less state’s rights10. The Republican: a less powerful central government; more rights to the states11. “Winner-take-all” principle: applied in all states except Maine教育,社会,⽂化传统1. The higher education: two-year colleges, four-year colleges and universities.2. The best research universities: Harvard (1636), Yale, Princeton, Columbia, MIT (on the east); Stanford, Berkeley (on the west)—private.3. Three functions of the higher education: teaching, research and public service.4. The age of the students admitted by schools: 65. Graded schools: elementary schools (grades 1—8); high school (9—12).6. No national system of education, the state establishes policies for the education within its boundary7. Three main types of popular music: Jazz (U.S.’unique contribution to music);Rock-and-roll; the Western Country music.8. “The Lost Generation”9. Nationally observed holiday of America10. Important cities:Washington D.C.(1800, John Adams ordered the transfer of the capital from Philadelphia to Washington D.C.);New York City (city of the world; Times Square; the United Nations; Manhattan—the heart of the city; Wall Street; Broadway); Chicago—the second largest city; “Great Center Market of U.S.”San Francisco—the Golden Gate BridgeLos Angeles—Hollywood and DisneylandPhiladelphia—the city for two Continental Congress; the capital city from 1790 to 1800 Huston—“the Pearl in the Gulf”; “the Space City of the U.S.A.”Detroit—the motor city;11. Independence Day: July 4th, the birthday of the nation;12. Halloween: October 31st, “Trick or Treat”;13. Thanksgiving Day: a typical American holiday; (began with) the Pilgrims; the first celebrated on December 13th, 1621.14. Veterans’ Day: (or the Armistice Day); (celebrated) the signing of 1918 Armistice15. The plane—1903, the Wright brothers16. Newspaper and magazines: the New York Times; Washington Post; the Los Angeles Times; the Wall Street Journal; Time; Newsweek; Readers’ DigestCanada1.The National Day: July 1 (1867)2.The origin of the name “Canada”: “kanata”, a settlement, Indian3.The national flag: Maple Leaf Flag, white square in the centre, a red stylized11-pointed maple leaf4.Two discoverers of Canada: John Cabot (Newfoundland, east coast); JacquesCartier (the St. Lawrence river)5.Official languages: Bilingualism—English, French; the official Language Act (1969)6.Important cities: Ottawa (the capital, the 4th largest city); Vancouver (the thirdlargest city, ice-free harbor); Montreal (the second largest city); Toronto (the largest city, Toronto university—the largest university)7.Seven Years’ War: 1756-1763; between France (defeated) and England8.Quebec: the largest province; strong French culture9.The Constitutional Act of 1791: Upper Canada (English law and constitution);Lower Canada (French law and institutions)10.The British North America Acts in 1867: the dominion; the Statute of Westminster in1931: independence.11.The Parliament: the Crown, the Senate and the House of Commons12.Constitution: partly written, partly unwritten, including fundamental acts, customsand parliamentary traditions of British originAustralia1. “T he Land Down Under”.2. Australia’s National Day: January 26 (1788), the date of the first European settlement of the continent3. Great Barrier Reef: the longest coral reef in the world, from southern Queensland to the Gulf of Papua4. National flower: wattle; national bird: lyrebird5. Important cities: Canberra (the capital); Sydney (New South Wales); Melbourne (Victoria); Brisbane (Queensland); Adelaide (South Australia); Perth (West Australia); Hobart (Tasmania); Darwin (the Northern Territory);6. 1901: the Commonwealth of Australia; 1931: independence, the Statute of Westminster 《威斯敏斯特法案》7. Elementary education: 5-11; secondary education: 11-188. Animals: koala; kangaroos9. William Dampier: the first Englishman to reach Australia, the author of the book A New V oyage Around the World; James Cook: the English put Australia on map, British colony;10. Convicts from Britain11. Multiculturalism: coined in Canada in 1960s, adopted by Australia in 1973, emphasizing the unique characteristics of different cultures in the world .12. Politics: a written Constitution; Legislature: the Queen, the House of Representatives, the Senate13. The gold rushes: 1850s, the discoveries of gold in New South Wales and Victoria New Zealand1.National Day: December 6th, 1840, the anniversary of the signing of the Treaty ofWaitangi, Waitangi Day2.The land of the long white cloud3.Cities: Auckland (the largest city, the North Island), Wellington (the capital, theNorth Island)4.Official languages: English, Maori5.Haka: a dance performed to daunt the enemy and to prepare warriors for the battle6.The International Date Line—just west of the line, the first country to get the newday7.fault line: the cause of the frequent earthquakes8.The Kiwis: the national symbol, the name the New Zealanders called themselves9.Abel Tasman: the first European to visitor, who named the area Statenland, laterNieuw Zeeland10.No single written constitution, including parliamentary statutes, judiciary rulings,administrative practices.11.Only one chamber: the House of Representatives12.the world’s biggest farm, the world’s largest exporter of lamb and mutton, diaryproducts。

英语专业八级文化常识

英国文学(English Literature)一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作)* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471) :Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

英语专业八级考试人文知识

英语专业八级考试人文知识Introduction:The English Major Level 8 Examination, also known as the TEM-8, is a crucial test for English language learners, especially for those majoring in English. Besides language proficiency, one essential aspect of this examination is the knowledge of humanities. In this article, we will explore various topics related to humanities that are frequently tested in the TEM-8.I. Literature:A. Literary Movements:Literary movements encompass various styles and trends that emerged throughout history. Understanding these movements is vital for comprehending literary texts and analyzing their themes, techniques, and societal implications. Some significant literary movements include:1. Romanticism: Originating in the late 18th century, Romanticism emphasized individualism, emotions, and nature. Poets such as William Wordsworth and Lord Byron were key figures in this movement.2. Realism: Arising in the mid-19th century, Realism focused on portraying everyday life, often addressing social issues. Famous Realist authors include Leo Tolstoy and Gustave Flaubert.3. Modernism: Emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Modernism rejected traditional forms and experimented with new narrative techniques. Prominent Modernist writers are T.S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf.B. Literary Devices:Literary devices are tools employed by writers to enhance the meaning and impact of their works. Familiarity with these devices is necessary to analyze and interpret literary texts. Some common literary devices are:1. Metaphor: A figure of speech that compares two unrelated things, highlighting their similarities.Example: "Life is a journey."2. Symbolism: The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities beyond their literal meaning.Example: In "The Great Gatsby," the green light symbolizes Jay Gatsby's aspirations and dreams.3. Irony: A literary technique that conveys a meaning opposite to what is expected.Example: In Orwell's "Animal Farm," the pigs proclaim the equality of all animals while subjugating them.II. Art and Architecture:A. Art Movements:Art movements reflect changing trends and styles in visual art. Recognizing various art movements helps interpret artworks and understand their historical and cultural contexts. Some notable art movements include:1. Renaissance: This period, spanning the 14th to 17th centuries, witnessed a renewed interest in classical art and literature. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo thrived during this time.2. Impressionism: Originating in the 19th century, Impressionism focused on capturing a moment's fleeting impression through light and color. Claude Monet and Edgar Degas were prominent Impressionist painters.3. Cubism: Developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in the early 20th century, Cubism presented objects from multiple viewpoints, fragmenting and reassembling them in abstract forms.B. Architectural Styles:Architecture reflects the cultural, social, and historical background of a society. Familiarity with different architectural styles aids in understanding their purpose and significance. Some well-known architectural styles include:1. Gothic Architecture: Prominent in medieval Europe, Gothic architecture is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and intricate details found in cathedrals such as Notre-Dame in Paris.2. Renaissance Architecture: Inspired by ancient Greek and Roman styles, Renaissance architecture is characterized by symmetry, harmonious proportions, and domes. Examples include St. Peter's Basilica and the Florence Cathedral.3. Modernist Architecture: Appearing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Modernism emphasized functionality, simplicity, and the use of new materials such as glass and steel. Architects like Le Corbusier and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe were prominent figures in this movement.III. Philosophy:Philosophy encompasses the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and more. Some influential philosophers and their areas of focus are:1. René Descartes: Descartes delved into epistemology and metaphysics, famously stating, "I think, therefore I am."2. Immanuel Kant: Kant explored ethics and developed the categorical imperative, emphasizing moral duties based on reason.3. Friedrich Nietzsche: Nietzsche questioned traditional values and morality, advocating for the affirmation of life and the individual's pursuit of power.Conclusion:Having a solid understanding of humanities is crucial for success in the English Major Level 8 Examination. Literature, art, architecture, and philosophy are all integral aspects of humanities, and familiarity with their various elements and movements allows for a comprehensive understanding of English literature and culture. By delving into these topics, English majors can enhance their knowledge and appreciation of the humanities, ultimately improving their performance in the TEM-8.。

英语专业八级人文常识generalknowledge[整理版]

5. The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France (英法百年战争）from 1337-1453.
6. In 1455 the Duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster King,Henry VI and the Wars of Roses broke out, which marked the decline of feudalism in England and transition to Monarchy from 1455-1485.
7. The Industrial Revolution: 1780-1830
8. The Chartist Movement: 1836-1848
III. Economic Culture
The Development of British Economy after World War II.
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Britain=England+Scotland+Wales+Northern Ireland
Capital: London
II. Historical Culture
The Romans went across the Channel and invaded Britain and it was ruled by the Romans from 55 BC410AD.
6. Arts Museum and Art Gallery British Museum Drama Opera Arts Festival

英语专业八级人文知识材料

英语专业八级人文知识材料随着时代的发展和国际化的趋势，越来越多的人开始学习英语，并希望通过英语专业八级考试来证明自己的实力和水平。

英语专业八级考试是中国教育部主管的全国性考试，旨在测试考生的综合英语应用能力。

而作为专业八级考试的一部分，人文知识材料也是不可忽视的重要部分。

人文知识材料主要涵盖哲学、宗教、文化、历史、文学、艺术等方面的知识。

这些内容与语言本身密不可分。

语言是一种文化现象，所以理解和掌握语言需要了解语言背后的文化，而人文知识材料提供了英语语言的文化背景。

人文知识材料的掌握可以帮助考生在专业八级考试中更好地理解阅读材料，扩大阅读范围，丰富知识面，提高阅读理解的速度和准确度，从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。

在人文知识材料方面，以下是一些经典的范围和内容：1.哲学：包括西方哲学、东方哲学等，如柏拉图、亚里士多德、庄子、孔子等。

哲学作为人们思考人生和世界的基础学科，涵盖广泛的哲学思想和思考方法。

2.宗教：包括基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教等。

宗教是不可忽略的文化元素，它塑造了各个国家和民族的价值观和生活方式。

3.历史：人类发展的历史是了解文化的重要途径。

包括人类进化、中国历史、欧洲历史、美国历史等。

4.文学：作为英语专业八级考试中不可缺少的文本类型之一，英美文学的经典作品是必须了解的，如莎士比亚的戏剧、奥斯汀的小说、狄更斯的长篇小说等等。

5.艺术：既包括西方经典美术，又包括文学作品的艺术性、音乐、电影等艺术形式等。

以上只是人文知识材料的一些基本范围和内容，实际上，人文知识材料非常广泛深刻，认真掌握能对英语的学习和世界观、价值观的建立产生重要影响。

可以通过以下的方法来提高对人文知识材料的掌握：1.阅读：阅读是最好的学习途径，通过阅读经典文本，可以提高词汇量，扩大知识面，丰富阅读体验。

2.观看影视作品：当代影视作品同样涵盖了人文知识材料领域。

3.参加相关考试培训：这不仅有助于建立有扎实基础的知识体系，还可以通过模拟和练习提高在阅读和写作时的表达能力和思维能力。

英语专业八级人文知识

黑死病（the Black Death）是指由鼠疫蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫是流行疾病，在14世纪传播了到欧洲。

1348年夏天横扫全英国。

英国的人口在14世纪末从400万锐减至200万。

《大宪章》（Great Charter）是约翰国王（King John）1215年在封建贵族压力下签定的，总共63条，其中最重要的内容是：(1) 未经大议会同意，不得征税；(2) 只有根据国家有关法律才能逮捕、监禁自由人以及剥夺他们的财产；(3) 教会应享受其所有权利且有选举自由；(4) 伦敦和其它城镇应保留其古时的权力和特权；(5) 全国要使用统一的重量和长度度量衡。

大议会（The Great Council）是当今英国议会（BritishParliament）的原型。

1265年，西门德孟福尔召开大议会，各县有两名骑士，各镇有两名市民参加。

大议会发展到后来演变成议会，分为上议院（House of Lords）和下议院（House of Commons）。

其作用是咨询而非决定；也没有选举和政党。

著名的诺曼底征服（The Norman Conquest）发生在1066年。

诺曼底公爵威廉发动了这场战争。

他是前诺曼底公爵罗伯特一世的私生子，也是独生子。

1066年1月，英王爱德华去世，9月，威廉借口爱德华生前曾许其继承英国王位，遂纠集诺曼底贵族和法国各地骑士，在罗马教皇的支持下，率军渡过海峡，在英格兰南部佩文西登陆，入侵英国。

哈斯丁一役，威廉大败英军，不久攻占伦敦，于12月自立为英王，称威廉一世（WilliamⅠ）。

诺曼底征服对于英国历史发展的影响可谓深远。

威廉建立的、他的后继人所保持的强大中央政府，由于这个政府所掌管的军事力量，英国从未再遭侵略。

相反，它还不断地在海外进行军事行动。

文化方面，英国当时现有的文化与诺曼-法国文化得到了水乳交融；大量的新词进入英语，使得英国语言得到了长足发展。

同时英国的教会与罗马教会的联系变得更为密切。

专业英语八级人文知识

专业英语八级人文知识第一篇：专业英语八级人文知识英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066）1、贝奥武夫2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父二、中古英语时期的英国文学1、allegory体非常盛行2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体）6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》2、Thomas Wyatt 和 Henry Howard引入sonnet3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；5、莎士比亚：长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》四、启蒙时期（18世纪）1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人；《论戏剧诗》4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人；8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满；10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史；12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。

英语专八人文知识汇总

美国概况练习题：1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A Washington D.C.B Los AngelesC San FranciscoD New York City2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A BlacksB HispanicsC IndiansD Asian Americans3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.A the U.S. President George WashingtonB Christopher ColumbusC both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD none of them4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.A varietiesB elementsC partsD form5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A Thomas JeffersonB James MonroeC James MadisonD Abraham Lincoln6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A Rhode IslandB VirginiaC TexasD Montana7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A the Star-Spangled BannerB Uncle SamC Hot DogD Union Jack8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A contribution a state has made to the nationB populationC sizeD none of the above9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A the Amazon RiverB the Mississippi RiverC the Nile RiverD the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A FranceB SpainC ItalyD Britain练习题答案及题解:1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

英语专八人文知识点

17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法,一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重
19. hypotaxis: 从属关系
20. parataxis: 并列结构，指短语或分句间不用连词，如：I came, I saw, I conquered.
21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is k
尼尔．阿姆斯特朗、埃德温．奥尔德林、迈克尔．柯林斯
27. The title of the national anthem 国歌 of Canada is O Canada. 此种类型题同学们可自己多找几个国家。
28. Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.
owable through intuition. 超验主义, 一种文学和哲学运动，与拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生和玛格丽特·富勒有关，宣称存在一种理想的精神实体，超越于经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握