中医术语:肺实热证

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中医术语英译

中医术语英译

CHAPTER 1肝阳liver yang肝气liver qi肝开窍于眼liver open at the eyes肺开窍于鼻lung open at the nose心开窍于舌heart open at the tongue上亢ascendant hyperactivity肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang阳盛yang exuberance阴盛yin exuberance阳衰yang debilitation阴衰yin debilitation传统医学traditional medicine中医traditional Chinese medicine中西医结合integration of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine 阴阳学说yin-yang theory五行学说five-phase theory中医基础理论basic theory of TCM中医诊断学traditional Chinese diagnostics方剂学formula study经方classified formula合方combined formula改方modified formula经络学说meridian and collateral (study) 经脉meridian vessel穴位acupuncture points头皮针scalp acupuncture耳针auricular acupuncture中药学traditional Chinese pharmacy中医养生traditional Chinese life nurturing 中医康复traditional Chinese rehabilitation 中医护理traditional Chinese nursing整体观念holism五脏five viscera六腑six bowelsCHAPTER 2精气学说essential qi theory肾精kidney essence清气clear qi清阳clear yang清热clear heat阳虚yang deficiency虚火deficiency fire血逆blood counterflow气逆qi counterflow过虑伤肺excessive anxiety damage the lung 气闭qi block热闭heat block阳脱证yang collapse pattern津脱fluid collapse补阳tonify yang补气tonify qi补血tonify blood苍天之气heaven qi气机qi dynamic陈腐之气stale qi气陷qi fall正气healthy qi气滞qi stagnation阳证yang pattern胃热证stomach heat pattern证型pattern type阴中之阴yin within yin阳中之阴yin within yang阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang治本treat the root阴阳消长waxing and wanting of yin and yang月有阴晴圆缺the waxing and wanting of the moon 阴阳调和harmony of yin and yang气血不调disharmony of qi and blood调和气血harmonize the qi and the blood和胃harmonize stomach和法harmonizing method阳盛阴虚yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity表实exterior excess实寒excess cold虚实夹杂deficiency-excess complex表证exterior pattern表虚exterior deficiency里虚interior deficiency里实interior excess表里关系exterior-interior relation阴阳转化yin-yang conversion由实转虚conversion of excess into deficiency阴阳格拒yin and yang repulsion冷热格拒cold and heat repulsion阳邪yang pathogen阴邪yin pathogen五行five phases木行wood phase土生金earth engenders metal木生火wood engenders fire土克水earth restrains water木克土wood restrains earth木乘土wood overwhelms earth水乘火water overwhelms fire水侮土water rebels earth木侮金wood rebels metal金侮火metal rebels fire母子相及mother and child inter-affectingMother and child affecting each other CHAPTER 3先天之气innate qi先天之精innate essence后天之气acquired qi后天之精acquired essence肝肾同源homogeny of liver and kidney精血同源homogeny of essence and blood命门之火life gate fire气门qi gate君火sovereign fire / heart fire相火ministerial fire正气healthy qi宗气ancestral qi元气source qi原穴source point卫分defence aspect卫气defence qi运化transportation and transformation气化qi transformation气机失调qi dynamic disorder气机瘀滞qi dynamic stagnation寒凝气滞qi stagnation due to cold congealing 寒滞肝脉cold stagnating in the liver vessel 肝气上逆liver qi ascending counterflow胃气上逆stomach qi ascending counterflow 肝气横逆transverse invasion of liver qi真气genuine qi营气nutrient qi下气海lower sea of qi气化作用transformation function心血heart blood血瘀blood stasis气郁qi stagnation活血化瘀activate blood and resolve stasis营卫nutrient and defense营分nutrient aspect水谷精华the essence of water and food水谷代谢water-food metabolism津液fluid and humor津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern气液代谢qi-humor metabolism中气下陷sunken middle qi升举中气upraise middle qi心神heart spirit神昏spirit failing to keep to its abode三焦triple energizers脾气散精the spleen qi disperses essence肺主通调水道the lungs regulate the waterways 肾主水the kidneys dominate water肝主疏泄the liver dominates free coursing三焦主诸气the triple energizers dominate all qi肾主二便the kidneys dominate urination and defecation肺主宣发,主排汗和呼吸the lung govern sweat discharge and respiration魂ethereal soul精神essence-spirit意ideation魄corporeal soul志will气血失调disharmony of qi and blood阴阳失调disharmony of yin and yang气血两虚dual deficiency of qi and blood气阴两虚dual deficiency of qi and yin气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin气不摄血qi deficiency failing to control blood脾不统血spleen failing to control blood气不化津qi failing to transform fluidCHAPTER 4五脏five viscera中脏viscera stroke藏象viscera manifestation脉象pulse manifestation脏腑viscera and bowel六腑six bowels奇点extra point奇恒之腑extraordinary organs上焦upper energizers中焦middle energizers三焦tripple energizers心包经pericardium channel热入心包heat enters pericardium胆经gallbladder channel胆实热gallbladder excess heat小肠虚寒deficient cold of small intestine心热传入小肠transmission of heart heat to the small intestine 大肠虚寒deficient cold of large intestine热迫大肠heat distressing the large intestine膀胱气化bladder qi transformation膀胱湿热dampness heat of the bladder冷凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus热入血室heat entering the blood chamberBlood chamber is another name of uterus肝气犯胃liver qi invading the stomach风热袭肺wind-heat invading the lung火旺effulgent fire阴虚火旺yin deficiency with effulgent fire肺气失于宣发lung qi failing to diffuse肾精不足kidney essence insufficiency虚火上炎deficient fire flaming upward心火上炎heart fire flaming upward髓海sea of marrow血海sea of blood心胃火燔heart-stomach fire ablaze肝气郁滞liver qi depression化火transform into fire藏血store blood主疏泄govern free coursing少阳之气lesser yang qi心藏神heart houses spirit脾藏意spleen houses ideation热伤神明heat damaging bright spirit直中direct strike风中经络wind striking meridian and collateral 风中血脉wind striking blood vessels清热clear heat燥干清窍dryness affecting the clear orifices升清upbearing the clear泌别清浊separation of the clear and turbid湿浊dampness turbidity降浊downbear turbid降火downbear fire骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever肾主骨kidney govern the bone淤阻脑络证pattern of (blood) stasis obstructing the brain collateral 髓海sea of marrow髓通于脑marrow connects to the brain经脉collateral vessel血脉blood vessel二七天癸至heavenly tenth arrives at the age of 2 times 7七七天癸竭heavenly tenth fades away at the age of 7 times 7月经menstruation母乳喂养breastfeedingCHAPTER 5外因external cause内因internal cause不内外因cause neither internal nor external外邪external pathogen阴邪yin pathogen外感external contraction新感new contraction外感风寒external contraction of wind-cold外感六淫six-excess external contraction六淫入血分six excesses entering the blood aspect 暑湿summerheat dampness中暑summerheat stroke湿浊dampness turbidity下焦湿热lower energizer dampness-heat凉燥cool-dryness津枯血燥desiccation of liquid and blood dryness 温邪warm pathogen温下法warm purgation温毒pestilential pathogen瘟疫论treatise on pestilence婴儿惊厥(惊风)infantile convulsion刚痉febrile convulsion with chills暑邪summerheat肝风内动internal stirring of liver wind目上斜视upward squint of the eyes疮疡sores and ulcers内伤internal damage伤阳damage to yang伤津damage to fluid七情seven emotions情志不遂emotional upset喜极伤心excessive joy damaging the heart怒极伤肝excessive anger damaging the liver忧极伤肺excessive anxiety damaging the lung思极伤脾excessive thought damaging the spleen悲极伤肺excessive sorrow damaging the lung恐极伤肾excessive fear damaging the kidney惊极伤心excessive fright damaging the heart劳倦overexertion and fatigue寒厥cold syncope脏厥visceral syncope(内脏阳气衰微所致的肢厥,a syncope due to yang debilitation of internal organs)怒则气上anger causes qi to ascend喜则气缓joy causes qi to slacken悲则气消sorrow causes qi to disperse恐则气下fear causes qi to descend惊则气乱fright causes derangement of qi思则气结thought causes qi to bind忧则气郁anxiety causes qi to be depressed目赤bloodshot eyes五味偏嗜flavor predilection饮食偏嗜dietary predilection创伤学traumatology外伤traumatic injury房劳sexual overindulgence劳复taxation relapse女劳sexual taxation风痰wind-phlegm寒痰cold-phlegm痰饮phlegm-retained fluid痰湿phlegm-dampness水湿water-dampness淤血犯头static blood invading head 痿病wilting disease骨痿bone wilting筋痿sinew wilting绞痛colic pain寒疝cold abdominal colic淤痰blood stasis-phlegm浓痰purulent phlegm CHAPTER 6四诊four diagnostic examinations精神状态mental state面部表情facial expression面色complexion望小儿指纹vein of the infant's fingers 舌象tongue manifestation藏象visceral manifestation人体human body舌体tongue body舌形form of the tongue制剂形式preparation form舌态motility of the tongue口眼歪斜deviated of the tongue歪舌deviated tongue落枕stiff neck强硬舌stiff tongue震颤法trembling method颤动舌trembling tongue舌根root of the tongue舌尖tip of the tongue舌边margins of the tongue淡红舌pale red tongue淡白舌pale tongue红舌red tongue绛舌crimson tongue青舌blue tongue紫舌purple tongue青紫舌bluish purple tongue嫩舌tender-soft tongue胖大舌enlarged tongue肿胀舌swollen tongue瘦薄舌thin tongue点刺舌spotted tongue芒刺舌pricky tongue齿痕舌teeth-marked tongue裂纹舌fissured tongue痿软舌limp wilting tongue麻痹舌paralyzed tongue吐弄舌protruded agitated tongue 短缩舌contracted tongue地图舌geographical tongue舌苔tongue fur腻苔slimy fur滑苔slippery fur苔色fur color舌色tongue color中剥苔centre peeling fur根剥苔root peeling fur苔质texture of fur润苔moist fur燥苔dry fur燥裂苔dry and cracked fur前剥苔anterior peeling fur镜面舌mirror tongue类剥苔exfoliated fur淡红色薄白苔red tongue with thin white fur红舌薄黄干苔red tongue with thin, yellow and dry fur 命关life bar舌诊tongue diagnosis望舌inspection of the tongueCHAPTER 7口气mouth odor汗味sweat odor倒经inverted menstruation白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge恶露不下retention of the lochia恶露不绝persistent flow of lochia口臭fetid mouth odor halitosis把脉take pulse病脉morbid pulse三部九侯three positions and nine indicators 布指寸口脉wrist pulse寸口诊法wrist pulse-taking method人迎脉carotid pulse趺阳脉anterior tibial pulse寸,关,尺cun/inch, guan/bar and chi/cubit 诊尺肤cubit skin examination指法finger technique叩击法tapping technique举,按,寻lifting, pressing and searching 推寻pulse searching平脉tranquil pulse燥脉agitated pulse按诊body palpation按腧穴acupuncture point palpation病色morbid complexion病脉morbid pulse浮脉floating pulse孤阳上越deficiency yang floating upward 沉脉sunken pulse脾气下陷sunken spleen qi中气下陷sunken middle qi单按pressing with one finger总按simultaneous palpation浮脉floating pulse沉脉sunken pulse迟脉slow pulse数脉rapid pulse虚脉vacuous pulse实脉replete pulse洪脉surging pulse细脉fine pulse滑脉slippery pulse涩脉rough pulse弦脉string-like pulse结脉bound pulse相兼脉combined pulse芤脉hollow pulse散脉dissipated pulse革脉drumskin pulse伏脉hidden pulse牢脉firm pulse阳明腑证yang brightness bowel pattern 缓脉moderate pulse缓脉(不正常)relaxed pulse疾脉racing pulse大脉large pulse长脉long pulse濡脉soggy pulse弱脉weak pulse短脉short pulse微脉faint pulse动脉stirred pulse紧脉tight pulse代脉intermittent pulse促脉skipping pulse驱寒dissipate cold散瘀dissipate stasis风动stirring wing阴虚动风yin deficiency with stirring windCHAPTER 8问寒热inquiry about cold and heat问汗inquiry about sweating问痛inquiry about pain恶寒aversion to cold恶热aversion to heat发热恶寒aversion to cold with fever畏is usually translated as fear, as in "fear of cold" 畏寒但热不寒fever without chills但寒不热chills without fever潮热tidal fever午间潮热afternoon tidal fever日晡潮热late afternoon tidal fever骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever湿温潮热dampness-warm tidal fever阴虚潮热yin deficiency tidal fever微热mild fever微恶寒mild aversion to cold微寒mild chill微渴mild thirst身热不扬unsurfaced fever五心烦热vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles / five center heat手足烦热vexing heat in the extremities 手足厥冷reversal cold of the extremities 厥阴reverting yin寒热往来alternating chills and fever盗汗night sweating虚热deficiency heat少阳病lesser yang disease疟疾malaria头重脚轻heavy head and light feet身重heavy body重痛heavy pain目眩dizzy vision视力模糊blurred vision复视doubled vision灼痛scorching pain绞痛gripping pain掣痛pulling pain隐痛dull pain窜痛scurrying pain闷痛oppressive pain酸痛aching pain游走性疼痛wandering pain阵发性痛paroxysmal pain阵发性咳嗽paroxysmal cough持续性痛persistent pain汗不止persistent sweating项背拘急contracture of the nape and neck 四肢拘急contracture of the limbs肌肉痉挛muscle spasm淋病strangury disease血淋blood strangury热淋heat strangury胀痛distending pain刺痛stabbing pain冷痛cold pain空痛empty pain固定痛fixed pain胁痛hypochondriac四肢痛limb pain周身痛generalized pain完谷不化undigested food in the stool消化不良腹泻undigested food diarrhea 五更泻fifth-watch diarrhea五更咳fifth-watch cough溏泄sloppy diarrhea便溏sloppy stool大便硬结hard bound stool结脉bound pulse余尿不尽incomplete urination小便涩痛difficult painful urination大便失禁fecal incontinence小便失禁urinary incontinence尿浊turbid urine分泌清浊separation of the clear and turbid 语声重浊deep turbid voice小便淋沥dribbling urination癃闭dribbling urinary block遗精seminal emission梦遗dream emission白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge下消lower wasting-thirst里急后重tenesmus尿频frequent urination膀胱失约bladder retention failure遗尿enuresis阳痿impotence勃起erection滑精spermatorrhea早泄pre-mature ejaculation月经先期advanced menstruation月经period月经后期delayed menstruation月经先后无定期menstruation at irregular intervals 经期延长prolonged menstruation月经过多profuse menstruation月经过少scanty menstruation崩漏flooding and spotting闭经amenorrhea初潮menarche痛经dysmenorrhea赤白带下white and yellow vaginal discharge胸闷oppression in the chestCHAPTER 9半表半里证pattern of half-exterior half-interior表里辩证exterior-interior pattern identification表虚证exterior deficiency pattern表寒证exterior cold pattern风湿袭表证pattern of wind-dampness assailing the exterior 风寒袭喉证pattern of wind-cold assailing the throat风寒袭肺证pattern of wind-cold assailing the lung风寒束表wind-cold fettering the exterior风寒束肺证pattern of wind-cold fettering the lung卫表不固证defense-exterior insecurity pattern表里俱寒证pattern of dual exterior and interior cold肝胆俱实证pattern of dual excess of liver and gallbladder 气阴两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of qi and yin八纲辨证eight-principle pattern identification表寒里热证pattern of exterior cold and interior heat寒热错杂证cold-heat complex pattern虚实夹杂证deficiency-excess complex pattern上寒下热证upper cold and lower heat pattern上热下寒证upper heat and lower cold pattern上焦upper energizer上消upper waste-thirst热及生风证pattern of extreme heat engendering wind阴极似阳extreme yin resembling yang阳极似阴extreme yang resembling yin上盛下虚证upper exuberance and lower deficiency pattern 下焦lower energizer真虚假实证true deficiency with false excess pattern真实假虚证true excess with false deficiency pattern真寒假热证true cold with false heat pattern辩症syndrome differentiation阳虚痰凝yang deficiency with congealing phlegm寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus伤阳证yang damage pattern伤阴证yin damage pattern阴阳两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of yin and yang心脾两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen阴虚内热证pattern of yin deficiency of yin with internal heat 阴虚火旺证pattern of yin deficiency with effulgent fire阴盛阳衰证pattern of yin exuberance with yang debilitation 阳虚寒凝证pattern of yang deficiency with congealing cold 阴盛格阳证pattern of exuberant yin repelling yang阳盛格阴证pattern of exuberant yang repelling yin清阳不升证pattern of clear yang failing to ascend肾不纳气证pattern of kidney failing to receive qi脾不统血证pattern of spleen failing to manage blood八纲eight principles治疗原则therapeutic principle八纲治法eight principle therapeutic methods合证combined pattern合方combined formulaCHAPTER 10气陷证qi sinking pattern寒湿证cold-dampness pattern气机失调证qi dynamic disorder pattern气机郁滞证stagnant qi dynamic pattern湿热下注证pattern of dampness-heat pouring down寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis寒湿内阻证pattern of internal obstruction of cold-dampness 气虚湿阻证pattern of qi deficiency with dampness obstruction 气机不利证inhibited qi dynamic pattern气虚水停证pattern of qi deficiency with water retention气虚不摄证pattern of qi deficiency with failure to constrain 气虚外感证pattern of qi deficiency with external contraction 蓄血证blood amassment pattern气血失调证qi-blood disharmony pattern气不摄血证pattern of qi failing to control the blood血虚挟淤证pattern of blood deficiency complicated by stasis 血虚寒凝证pattern of blood deficiency and congealing cold血虚风燥证pattern of blood deficiency and wind-dryness津气亏虚证fluid-qi deficiency pattern气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention饮停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium 风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water水停证water retention pattern疫毒下注证pattern of pestilential toxin pouring downward火毒内陷证pattern of inward invasion of fire toxin表邪内陷证pattern of inward invasion of external evil表寒证exterior cold pattern表热证exterior heat pattern表虚exterior deficiency里实证interior excess pattern里寒interior cold里热interior heat外湿external dampness外风external wind外燥external dryness内风internal wind内燥internal dryness内湿internal dampness燥干清窍证pattern of dryness affecting the clear orifices气郁证qi depression pattern气郁化火证pattern of depressed qi transforming into fire 中气下陷证sunken middle qi脾气下陷sunken spleen qi直肠下陷prolapse of the rectum子宫下陷prolapse of uterus表气不固insecurity of exterior qi肾气不固insecurity of kidney qi蓄血blood amassment太阳蓄血证greater yang blood amassment pattern热入血室heat entering blood chamber寒入血室证pattern of cold entering blood chamber气虚血瘀证pattern of qi deficiency with blood stasis心血淤阻证heart blood stasis pattern寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis 气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin生津engender fluid胃津stomach fluid津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern增液润肠increase humor and moisten the intestines风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water阴虚水停证pattern of yin deficiency with water retention气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention太阳蓄水证greater yang water retention pattern胸胁胀痛fullness in the chest and hypochondrium水停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium。

中医基础理论期末试题(4)

中医基础理论期末试题(4)

中医基础理论考试模拟题库1、“益火之源,以消阴翳”所指的治法是A.阴中求阳B.阴病治阳C.阳中求阴D.阳病治阴E.阴阳互济【答案】B2、按五行生克规律,肺的“所不胜”之脏是A.心B.肝C.脾D.肾E.大肠【答案】A3、在中国古代哲学中,认为可为宇宙万物构成本原的有A.精B.气C.道D.精气E.元气【答案】A B C D E4、易致“感而即发”的病因有A.外感邪气B.情志骤变C.食物中毒D.各种外伤E.疫疠致病【答案】A B C D E5、阴损及阳,阳损及阴,说明阴阳之间关系的是的A.对立B.互根C.转化D.消长E.自和【答案】B6、某男,23岁。

开始恶寒重,发热轻,鼻塞流清涕,脉浮紧。

继而出现发热不恶寒,心烦,口渴,小便黄,大便干,脉滑数。

此属于A.由实转虚B.因虚致实C.由寒化热D.由热化寒E.虚实转化【答案】C7、循行于下肢外侧中线的经脉是A.足少阳胆经B.足少阴肾经C.足厥阴肝经D.足太阴脾经E.足阳明胃经【答案】A8、具有防御作用的是A.元气B.中气C.宗气D.营气E.卫气【答案】E9、与胆通过经脉相互络属的脏是A.肺B.脾C.肝D.肾E.心【答案】C10、脾为气血生化之源的理论基础是A.气能生血B.脾主升清C.脾为后天之本D.脾主统血E.脾能运化水谷精微【答案】E11、足太阳膀胱经在头面部循行包括A.额部B.侧头部C.头顶D.后头部E.面颊部【答案】A C D12、脾与胃的生理关系包括A.精神情志活动B.水谷纳运协调C.气机升降相因D.阴阳燥湿相济E.血液运行调畅【答案】B C D13、817:不属于“津伤化燥”产生机理的是A.久病伤津耗液B.热盛伤津耗液C.气阴两虚致津伤血燥D.大汗.剧烈吐泻伤津E.亡血失精致津液亏少【答案】C14、“水谷气血之海”指的是A.心B.肝C.肺D.胃E.脾【答案】D15、在五神脏中,脾所藏的神是A.神B.魂C.魄D.意E.志【答案】D16、与感受风邪无关的症状是A.头痛B.汗出C.恶风D.烦躁E.咽痒【答案】D17、首次明确提出“三因学说”的医家是B.陶弘景C.孙思邈D.陈无择E.李时珍【答案】D18、正气强弱主要取决的为A.气候因素B.地域因素C.饮食习惯D.生活与工作环境E.体质与精神状态【答案】E19、祛邪兼扶正之法适用于A.正虚之证B.邪实之证C.正虚为主的虚实夹杂证D.邪实为主的虚实夹杂证E.真虚假实证20、发热患者,饮食禁忌是A.饮食清淡B.食量适当C.寒温合适D.禁食E.饱食或食肉【答案】E21、“津血同源”最强调的物质是A.精B.气C.血D.津液E.脉【答案】D22、属于急则治标的病症有A.大量出血B.剧烈疼痛C.频繁呕吐E.痨病咳嗽【答案】A B C D23、“肝火犯肺”属于A.子病犯母B.母病及子C.相乘D.相侮E.相克【答案】D24、“水火既济”说明的两脏关系是A.心与肺B.脾与肾C.心与肾D.肺与肾E.肝与脾【答案】C25、动形养生的目的有A.调和气血B.疏通经络C.调节情志D.健身延年E.通利九窍【答案】A B D E26、664:节食减肥最容易引起的脏腑损伤是A.肝B.心C.肾D.肺E.脾【答案】E27、《素问·热论》有热病少愈,忌食肉或多食的禁忌,其原理是A.未病先防B.阻断病传C.愈后防复D.避其邪气E.因人制宜【答案】C28、“以寒治热”适用于A.阴偏盛B.阳偏盛C.阳偏衰D.阴阳两虚E.阴盛阳衰【答案】B29、“寒从中生”的主要机理是A.肺气不足,寒饮内停B.胸阳不振,阴寒内盛C.恣食生冷,寒伤中阳D.脾肾阳虚,阴寒内盛E.痰湿内阻,从阴化寒【答案】D30、六淫致病,最易出现动摇症状的是A.风邪B.暑邪C.火邪D.燥邪【答案】A31、肺与肾的关系包括A.水液代谢B.精微输布C.呼吸运动D.津液排泄E.阴液互滋【答案】A C E32、人体之精按其部位分,可分为A.先天之精B.后天之精C.生殖之精D.脏腑之精E.营养之精【答案】D33、临床出现高热神昏,四肢抽搐,两目上视,甚见角弓反张等表现,与致病关系最为密切的是A.风邪B.燥邪D.湿邪E.寒邪【答案】C34、“利小便即所以实大便"治法的依据是A.小肠泌别清浊B.脾运化水液C.肺宣发肃降D.肾阳气化E.肾主水液【答案】A35、邪气侵犯人体,导致的主要损害是A.脏腑形质B.功能活动C.体质特征D.疾病传变E.病证性质【答案】A36、诊断虽明确,但失治误治,或护理不当,则可损伤人体正气,助长邪气,以至变证迭起,甚至预后不良,其影响疾病传变的因素是A.环境因素B.生活因素C.体质因素D.病邪因素E.诊治因素【答案】E37、劳力过度,易损伤的内脏是A.心肺B.肺脾C.心脾D.肝脾E.心肾【答案】B38、与血液生成关系最为密切的是A.心B.肺C.脾D.肾E.胆【答案】C39、小肠生理功能包括A.受纳水谷B.受盛化物C.传化水谷D.泌别清浊E.主液【答案】B D E40、气作为哲学概念,形成的时期是A.远古B.西周C.春秋战国D.秦代E.两汉【答案】C41、到达上.下齿的经脉有A.肾经B.心经C.胃经D.肝经E.大肠经【答案】C E42、某女,55岁。

《中医诊断学》习题及参考答案

《中医诊断学》习题及参考答案

《中医诊断学》习题及参考答案《中医诊断学》习题及参考答案⼀、单选题(100个)1.属神⽓不⾜的是哪项[ D ] A⾯⾊⽆华B两⽬晦暗C形体赢瘦D精神不振2.失神最主要的病机是[ B ] A脏腑虚弱功能低下B脏腑精⽓严重亏损C精⽓衰竭虚阳外越D阴盛于内格阳于外3.突然昏倒,⼝吐涎沫,四肢抽搐,醒后如常者,可见于[ C ] A癫病B狂病C痫病D中风4.⾯⾊萎黄由哪种原因所致[ A ] A脾胃⽓虚,⽓⾎不⾜B脾肾虚寒,健运失职C脾⽓虚衰,湿邪内阻D湿热内蕴,胆汁外溢5.⾯⾊黧⿊,肌肤甲错,腹部青筋暴露,⾆紫暗,为瘀⾎内阻于[ A ] A肝B⼼C脾D胃6.肺痈的咳痰特点是[ D ] A痰黄粘稠有块B痰⽩清稀量多C痰⽩滑量多易咯D⼤量脓⾎腥臭痰7.胖⼤⾆的成因为[ D ] A⽓⾎两虚B阳热内盛C热⼊营⾎D阳虚⽔停8.颈前结喉处有肿物如瘤,可随吞咽上下移动者,称[ A ] A瘿瘤B痰核C梅核⽓D瘰疬9.⾆淡⽩⽽瘦薄提⽰[ D ] A阳虚B阴亏C寒湿D⽓⾎两虚10.红⾆苔黄厚,多属[ A ] A实热证B虚热证C湿热内蕴D热⼊营⾎11.观察病⼈⾯⾊,关键在于区分[ B ]A主⾊与客⾊ B 善⾊与恶⾊ C 常⾊与病⾊D主⾊与病⾊12.下列哪项不是精亏神衰的失神表现[ B ] A形羸⾊败B神昏谵语C呼吸⽓微D两⽬晦暗13.湿痰的特点是[ C ]A痰黄粘稠有块B痰⽩清稀量多C痰⽩量多易咯D脓⾎痰味腥臭14.辨别邪⽓的深浅轻重主要依据[ C ] A⾆苔的有⽆B⾆苔的润燥C⾆苔的厚薄D⾆苔的颜⾊15.肝郁脾虚多见[ D ] A⾯部⼝唇青紫B⾯⾊青灰,肢冷脉微C⾯⾊恍⽩虚浮D⾯⾊苍黄16.少神的表现是[ A ] A精神不振,⾯⾊少华,倦怠乏⼒B精神萎靡,⾯⾊⽆华,形体赢瘦C壮热烦躁,神昏谵语,四肢抽搐D重病本已失神,突然神清,⽬光转亮17.⽓⾎亏虚可见[ B ] A头晕且重,如物裹缠B头晕⾯⽩,神疲体倦C头晕⽽胀,⾯红⽬⾚D头晕胀痛,头重⾜轻18.脾虚湿蕴多见[ C ] A⾯部、⼝唇青紫B⾯⾊青灰,肢冷脉微C⾯黄虚浮D⾯⾊苍黄19.痰热壅肺证可见:[ B ] A.⾆淡嫩胖,苔⽩润滑 B. ⾆质红,苔黄厚腻C.⾆红少苔⽽有裂纹D.⾆淡红,苔⽩腻20.阳虚⽔泛多见[ C ] A⾯部⼝唇青紫B⾯⾊青灰,肢冷脉微C⾯⾊恍⽩虚浮D眉间⿐柱唇周发青21.下列哪项不可见⾯⽩[ B ] A亡阳证B阴虚证C⽓虚证D阳虚证22.下列哪项属于邪盛神乱失神表现[ A ]A壮热烦躁,四肢抽搐B形体羸瘦,动作艰难C两⽬晦暗,呼吸⽓微D精神萎靡,⾯⾊⽆华23.热⼊营⾎可见下列哪种⾆象[ B ]A瘦薄⾆B红绛⾆C裂纹⾆D点刺⾆24.“假神”的病机是[ D ] A精亏神衰B邪盛神乱C阴阳俱虚D脏腑精⽓将竭25.⾯⽬发黄可见于[ C ] A肝胃蕴热B胆⽓上逆C肝胆湿热D肝⽕上炎26.提⽰疾病发展转折点的是[ A ] A战汗B⾃汗C绝汗D盗汗27.辨别津液的盈亏和输布主要依据[ B ] A⾆苔的有⽆B⾆苔的润燥C⾆苔的厚薄D⾆苔的颜⾊28.太息的病机是[ C ] A脾⽓虚弱B胃⽓上逆C肝⽓郁结D肺⽓上逆29.神识不清,语声低微,时断时续,模糊不清者,称[ C ] A短⽓B少⽓C夺⽓D郑声30. ⽓从胃中上逆,出咽喉⽽发声短频者,属[ C ]A 嗳⽓B 太息C 呃逆D 夺⽓31.下列哪项不属病态呼吸[ C ] A⽓喘B⽓短C嗳⽓D少⽓32.哪项不属胃⽓上逆所致[ B ] A嗳⽓B夺⽓C呕吐D呃逆33.呼吸急促似喘,喉间哮鸣有声,属[ B ] A喘B哮C短⽓D少⽓34.热扰神明可见[ C ] A呕吐清⽔痰涎B呕吐黄绿⾊苦⽔C喷射状呕吐D呕吐酸⽔35.下列哪项不与壮热并见[ C ] A脉洪⼤B烦渴引饮C⾆红少苔D汗出过多36.阴虚⽕旺可致[ D ] A⾃汗B战汗C半⾝汗D盗汗37.⾃汗、盗汗并见与下列哪项有关[ D ] A阴虚证B⾎虚证C阳虚证D⽓阴两虚证38.肝郁⽓滞胸胁疼痛的特点是[ D ] A隐痛B灼痛C刺痛D胀痛39.下列主诉哪项最正确[ D ] A咳喘反复发作20年B恶寒发热头痛C经常腹痛已多年D发热、咳嗽2天40.突发⽿鸣,声⼤如潮,按之不减,为[ B ] A阴虚⽕旺B肝胆⽕盛C肝肾阴虚D肾精亏损41.寒热往来见于下列何证[ D ]A⾥热证B实热证C表热证D半表半⾥证42.消渴病的证候特点是[ C ] A尿急尿频尿痛B⼩便余沥不尽C多饮多⾷多尿D夜尿频多43.前额连眉棱⾻疼痛,属于[ C ] A太阳经头痛B少阳经头痛C阳明经头痛D厥阴经头痛44.多⾷易饥,⼤便溏泄者,多属[ C ] A胃⽕亢盛B胃阴不⾜C胃强脾弱D阴虚⽕旺45.头⽬胀痛可见于[ D ] A肝胃蕴热B胆⽓上逆C肝胆湿热D肝⽕上炎46.下列哪项与绝汗(脱汗)⽆关[ B ]A⾯⾊苍⽩B恶寒战栗C肢厥脉微D呼吸⽓微47.有胃⽓的脉象特征是[ B ] A脉律整齐,有⼒柔和B脉来和缓,从容流利C尺脉有⼒,沉取不绝D脉律整齐,应指坚搏48.脾胃虚寒导致的腹痛是[ D ] A少腹冷痛,牵引阴部B⼩腹刺痛,经⾎紫暗C 胁胀腹痛,泻后痛减D⼤腹隐痛,喜温喜按49.湿邪阻滞的疼痛特征是[ B ] A绞痛B重痛C窜痛D掣痛50.肝阳上亢可见[ D ] A头晕且重,如物裹缠B头晕⾯⽩,神疲体倦C头晕胀痛,⾯红⽬⾚D头晕胀痛,头重脚轻51.风寒表证可见脉象[ D ]A细数脉B洪数脉C滑数脉D浮紧脉52.阳虚可致[ A ] A⾃汗B战汗C绝汗D盗汗53.两侧头痛者,属[ B ] A太阳经头痛B少阳经头痛C阳明经头痛D厥阴经头痛54.哪项不属⼤肠湿热表现[ C ] A下利脓⾎B⾥急后重C便⾎⾊⿊D排便不爽55.哪项不是膀胱湿热下注的症状[ D ] A尿频急B⼩便黄⾚C尿道灼痛D⼩便失禁56.哪项不属肾⽓不固所致[ D ] A遗尿B癃闭C余沥不尽D⼩便涩痛57.⼝苦⽽粘腻可见于[ C ] A肝胃蕴热B胆⽓上逆C肝胆湿热D肝⽕上炎58.脉象有神⽓的主要特征是[ B ]A 从容和缓B 柔和有⼒C 尺脉不绝D 不⼤不⼩59.脉来波涛汹涌,来盛去衰,此为[ D ]A实脉B⼤脉C散脉D洪脉60.太息的病机是[ C ] A脾⽓虚弱B胃⽓上逆C肝⽓郁结D肺⽓上逆61.以下说法错误的是[ C ] A应围绕主要病痛问诊 B 按⼗项内容逐项询问C⽤医学术语问诊D对危重病⼈扼要问诊62.病为痰饮、⾷积、实热的脉象是[ A ]A滑脉B紧脉C弦脉D洪脉63.脉来极细⽽软,按之欲绝,若有若⽆的脉象,称为[ B ] A涩脉B微脉C弱脉D虚脉64.主病为肝胆病、痛证、痰饮的脉象是[ C ] A滑脉B紧脉C弦脉D牢脉65.脉来沉⽽细软,应指⽆⼒的脉象是:[ D ] A濡脉B微脉C细脉D弱脉66.脉势与脉宽均相反的脉象是[ D ] A虚脉实脉B⼤脉细脉C濡脉弱脉D洪脉细脉67.代脉的脉象特征是[ A ] A缓⽽时⽌,⽌有定数B数⽽时⽌,⽌⽆定数C缓⽽时⽌,⽌⽆定数D⽌⽆定数,良久⽅来68.腰脊疼痛连及下肢者,多属[ D ]A.寒湿痹病B.肾虚C.瘀⾎阻络D.经络阻滞69. 五⾊主病中,主虚证、湿证的是[ B ]A. ⽩⾊B. 黄⾊C. ⿊⾊D. 青⾊70.⼋纲中的虚实辨证是辨别疾病的( D )A.病位B.病因C.病性D.邪正盛衰71.对肝胃不和证最有诊断意义的是( B )A. 呃逆嗳⽓B. 脘胁胀痛C. 胸闷太息D. 腹胀吞酸72.下列各项中,不属于阳证的临床表现的是(B )A.⾯红⽬⾚B.呼吸微弱C.躁动不安D.⼝渴饮冷73.发热恶寒交替出现,可见下列哪⼀证候(C )A.表证B.表邪⼊⾥C.半表半⾥证D.表⾥同病74.眩晕⼼悸,视物模糊,失眠健忘,⽉经量少⾊淡,⾯⽩⾆淡,脉细,证属( D )A⽓⾎两虚证B⼼脾两虚证C肝⾎虚证D⼼肝⾎虚证75.⼼悸失眠与哪项并见,可诊为⼼脾两虚证( C )A腹胀便溏,畏寒肢冷B⼼悸胸闷,神疲乏⼒C⾷少腹胀,乏⼒⾆淡D⼼烦遗精,腰酸潮热76.下列哪项不属于⽓虚证的表现(B )A.畏寒肢冷B.神疲乏⼒C.少⽓懒⾔D.脉虚⽆⼒77.阳虚证最主要的表现是(C )A.⼝不渴B.⼤便稀溏C.畏寒肢冷D.⾯⾊淡⽩78.精神抑郁,表情淡漠,神识痴呆,举⽌失常,⾆苔⽩腻者,宜诊为(A )A.痰蒙⼼神证B.肝⽓郁结证C.痰⽕扰神证D.热扰⼼神证79.病⼈⾯⾊苍⽩,冷汗淋漓,四肢厥冷,呼吸微弱,精神疲惫,神情淡漠,甚⾄昏迷,⾆淡润,脉微欲绝,证属(B )A.亡阴证B.亡阳证C.阴阳两虚证D.阴虚证80.病⼈形体消瘦,午后潮热,五⼼烦热,或⾻蒸劳热,颧红盗汗,⼤便⼲燥,尿少⾊黄,⾆红绛少苔或⽆苔,脉细数,证属( C )A.阳虚证B.阳盛证C.阴虚证D.阴阳两虚证81.⼼⾎虚证与⼼阴虚证的共有症是( D )A.⼼烦B.⾆淡C.盗汗D.失眠82.⼼⽓虚症与⼼阳虚症主要的共见症是( D )A.⾯⽩神疲B.脉细⽆⼒C.⾆质淡⽩D.⼼悸⽓短83.⼼阳虚证和⼼阳暴脱证的鉴别要点是( B )A.⾯⽩神疲B.有⽆肢厥脉微C.是否⾆质淡⽩D.有⽆⼼悸怔忡84.下列何证常见⼼悸,⾯⾊淡⽩,失眠健忘,⾆淡脉细( D )A.⼼⽓虚证B.⼼阴虚证C.⼼脾两虚证D.⼼⾎虚证85.咳喘⽆⼒,少⽓短息,吐痰清稀,⾃汗,⾆淡脉弱,应诊断为( C ) A.肺⽓虚证B.肾不纳⽓证C.肺⽓阴两虚证D.⼼肺⽓虚证86.咳嗽痰少,痰中带⾎,颧红盗汗,⼝燥咽⼲,应诊断为( C ) A.热邪犯肺证B.肺肾阴虚证C.肺阴虚证D.燥邪犯肺证87.咳嗽,咯痰清稀,喉痒,微有发热恶寒,⾆苔薄⽩,脉浮紧,应诊断为( A ) A.风寒束肺证B.风热犯肺证C.卫分证D.寒饮停肺证88.⾷少纳呆,腹胀便溏,神疲乏⼒,⾆淡脉弱。

中医诊断学参考答案

中医诊断学参考答案

中医诊断学思考题一、单项选择题1、病人身目俱黄,晦暗如烟熏称为(阴黄)2、短、滑、数复合形成的脉是(动脉)3、舌淡胖嫩,苔白滑,多属(阳虚)4、病人头部两侧疼痛,属于(少阳经)5、病人神识痴呆,表情淡漠,哭笑无常多属(癫证)6、患者汗出如油,热而粘手,肌热烦渴,脉躁疾无力,可诊断为(亡阴)7、四时平脉中,夏季脉常稍(洪)8、某女,阴部灼热痛痒,带下黄臭,舌苔黄腻,脉滑而数,辨证为(肝胆湿热证)9、下列何项不是阴虚证的临床表现(面白舌淡)10、舌尖异常主要反映(心肺的病变)11、下列何证可见咳喘胸闷,痰多黄稠,发热口渴,舌红苔黄,脉滑数等(痰热壅肺证)12、下列哪一项对诊断脾气下陷证最有意义(久泄脱肛,食少体倦)13、患者症见少腹冷痛,月经惩期,经色紫暗,夹有血块,舌淡暗苔白,脉沉迟涩,属于(血瘀证)14、作为辨证纲领的是(八纲辨证)15、神疲乏力,少气懒言,时常自汗,胁痛如刺,舌色淡紫,脉涩无力。

辨证多属(舌红苔黄)16、心火亢盛证不出现(烦热盗汗)17、月经量多,质稀色淡红,伴面白无华,身倦乏力,食少便溏,舌淡脉细,最宜诊断为(脾不统血证)18、下列何证具有咳少量黄稠痰,身热,微恶风寒,鼻流浊涕,口干咽痛等证(风热袭表证 )19、下列哪项是肺阴虚证与燥邪犯肺证的鉴别点(有无五心烦热)20、脾气虚,脾阳虚,脾气下陷,脾不统血证的共同见症是(食少便溏,少气乏力)21、口淡乏味常见于(脾胃气虚)22、下列哪项不是肝血虚证的证候(胁肋灼痛)23、病人寒热往来,多见于(半表半里证)24、寒滞肝脉证的临床特点是(少腹冷痛,睾丸坠胀 )25、胃痛连及两胁,呃逆嗳气,吞酸嘈杂,苔薄黄,脉弦,为(脾胃虚弱 )26、下列哪项不属于气虚证的表现( 畏寒肢冷 )27、下列哪项不是实热证的必有症状( 神昏抽搐 )28、牙龈红肿而痛,多属(胃火上攻 )29、小儿耳背有红络,耳根发凉,多属( 出麻疹先兆 )30、心脉痹阻证以胸部胀痛为特点者,属于( 气滞心脉 )31、诊断心阳暴脱证最有意义的症状是( 肢厥脉微 )32、哪项不是心血虚证的临床表现( 舌红脉数 )33、咳嗽痰少,痰中带血,颧红盗汗,口燥咽干。

中医术语英译

中医术语英译

CHAPTER 1肝阳liver yang肝气liver qi肝开窍于眼liver open at the eyes肺开窍于鼻lung open at the nose心开窍于舌heart open at the tongue上亢ascendant hyperactivity肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang阳盛yang exuberance阴盛yin exuberance阳衰yang debilitation阴衰yin debilitation传统医学traditional medicine中医traditional Chinese medicine中西医结合integration of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine 阴阳学说yin-yang theory五行学说five-phase theory中医基础理论basic theory of TCM中医诊断学traditional Chinese diagnostics方剂学formula study经方classified formula合方combined formula改方modified formula经络学说meridian and collateral (study)经脉meridian vessel穴位acupuncture points头皮针scalp acupuncture耳针auricular acupuncture中药学traditional Chinese pharmacy中医养生traditional Chinese life nurturing 中医康复traditional Chinese rehabilitation 中医护理traditional Chinese nursing整体观念holism五脏five viscera六腑six bowelsCHAPTER 2精气学说essential qi theory肾精kidney essence清气clear qi清阳clear yang清热clear heat阳虚yang deficiency虚火deficiency fire血逆blood counterflow气逆qi counterflow过虑伤肺excessive anxiety damage the lung 气闭qi block热闭heat block阳脱证yang collapse pattern津脱fluid collapse补阳tonify yang补气tonify qi补血tonify blood苍天之气heaven qi气机qi dynamic陈腐之气stale qi气陷qi fall正气healthy qi气滞qi stagnation阳证yang pattern胃热证stomach heat pattern证型pattern type阴中之阴yin within yin阳中之阴yin within yang阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang治本treat the root阴阳消长waxing and wanting of yin and yang月有阴晴圆缺the waxing and wanting of the moon 阴阳调和harmony of yin and yang气血不调disharmony of qi and blood调和气血harmonize the qi and the blood和胃harmonize stomach和法harmonizing method阳盛阴虚yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity表实exterior excess实寒excess cold虚实夹杂deficiency-excess complex表证exterior pattern表虚exterior deficiency里虚interior deficiency里实interior excess表里关系exterior-interior relation阴阳转化yin-yang conversion由实转虚conversion of excess into deficiency阴阳格拒yin and yang repulsion冷热格拒cold and heat repulsion阳邪yang pathogen阴邪yin pathogen五行five phases木行wood phase土生金earth engenders metal木生火wood engenders fire土克水earth restrains water木克土wood restrains earth木乘土wood overwhelms earth水乘火water overwhelms fire水侮土water rebels earth木侮金wood rebels metal金侮火metal rebels fire母子相及mother and child inter-affectingMother and child affecting each other CHAPTER 3先天之气innate qi先天之精innate essence后天之气acquired qi后天之精acquired essence肝肾同源homogeny of liver and kidney精血同源homogeny of essence and blood命门之火life gate fire气门qi gate君火sovereign fire / heart fire相火ministerial fire正气healthy qi宗气ancestral qi元气source qi原穴source point卫分defence aspect卫气defence qi运化transportation and transformation气化qi transformation气机失调qi dynamic disorder气机瘀滞qi dynamic stagnation寒凝气滞qi stagnation due to cold congealing 寒滞肝脉cold stagnating in the liver vessel肝气上逆liver qi ascending counterflow胃气上逆stomach qi ascending counterflow 肝气横逆transverse invasion of liver qi真气genuine qi营气nutrient qi下气海lower sea of qi气化作用transformation function心血heart blood血瘀blood stasis气郁qi stagnation活血化瘀activate blood and resolve stasis营卫nutrient and defense营分nutrient aspect水谷精华the essence of water and food水谷代谢water-food metabolism津液fluid and humor津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern气液代谢qi-humor metabolism中气下陷sunken middle qi升举中气upraise middle qi心神heart spirit神昏spirit failing to keep to its abode三焦triple energizers脾气散精the spleen qi disperses essence肺主通调水道the lungs regulate the waterways 肾主水the kidneys dominate water肝主疏泄the liver dominates free coursing三焦主诸气the triple energizers dominate all qi肾主二便the kidneys dominate urination and defecation肺主宣发,主排汗和呼吸the lung govern sweat discharge and respiration魂ethereal soul精神essence-spirit意ideation魄corporeal soul志will气血失调disharmony of qi and blood阴阳失调disharmony of yin and yang气血两虚dual deficiency of qi and blood气阴两虚dual deficiency of qi and yin气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin气不摄血qi deficiency failing to control blood脾不统血spleen failing to control blood气不化津qi failing to transform fluidCHAPTER 4五脏five viscera中脏viscera stroke藏象viscera manifestation脉象pulse manifestation脏腑viscera and bowel六腑six bowels奇点extra point奇恒之腑extraordinary organs上焦upper energizers中焦middle energizers三焦tripple energizers心包经pericardium channel热入心包heat enters pericardium胆经gallbladder channel胆实热gallbladder excess heat小肠虚寒deficient cold of small intestine心热传入小肠transmission of heart heat to the small intestine 大肠虚寒deficient cold of large intestine热迫大肠heat distressing the large intestine膀胱气化bladder qi transformation膀胱湿热dampness heat of the bladder冷凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus热入血室heat entering the blood chamberBlood chamber is another name of uterus肝气犯胃liver qi invading the stomach风热袭肺wind-heat invading the lung火旺effulgent fire阴虚火旺yin deficiency with effulgent fire肺气失于宣发lung qi failing to diffuse肾精不足kidney essence insufficiency虚火上炎deficient fire flaming upward心火上炎heart fire flaming upward髓海sea of marrow血海sea of blood心胃火燔heart-stomach fire ablaze肝气郁滞liver qi depression化火transform into fire藏血store blood主疏泄govern free coursing少阳之气lesser yang qi心藏神heart houses spirit脾藏意spleen houses ideation热伤神明heat damaging bright spirit直中direct strike风中经络wind striking meridian and collateral 风中血脉wind striking blood vessels清热clear heat燥干清窍dryness affecting the clear orifices升清upbearing the clear泌别清浊separation of the clear and turbid湿浊dampness turbidity降浊downbear turbid降火downbear fire骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever肾主骨kidney govern the bone淤阻脑络证pattern of (blood) stasis obstructing the brain collateral 髓海sea of marrow髓通于脑marrow connects to the brain经脉collateral vessel血脉blood vessel二七天癸至heavenly tenth arrives at the age of 2 times 7七七天癸竭heavenly tenth fades away at the age of 7 times 7月经menstruation母乳喂养breastfeedingCHAPTER 5外因external cause内因internal cause不内外因cause neither internal nor external外邪external pathogen阴邪yin pathogen外感external contraction新感new contraction外感风寒external contraction of wind-cold外感六淫six-excess external contraction六淫入血分six excesses entering the blood aspect 暑湿summerheat dampness中暑summerheat stroke湿浊dampness turbidity下焦湿热lower energizer dampness-heat凉燥cool-dryness津枯血燥desiccation of liquid and blood dryness 温邪warm pathogen温下法warm purgation温毒pestilential pathogen瘟疫论treatise on pestilence婴儿惊厥(惊风)infantile convulsion刚痉febrile convulsion with chills暑邪summerheat肝风内动internal stirring of liver wind目上斜视upward squint of the eyes疮疡sores and ulcers内伤internal damage伤阳damage to yang伤津damage to fluid七情seven emotions情志不遂emotional upset喜极伤心excessive joy damaging the heart怒极伤肝excessive anger damaging the liver忧极伤肺excessive anxiety damaging the lung思极伤脾excessive thought damaging the spleen悲极伤肺excessive sorrow damaging the lung恐极伤肾excessive fear damaging the kidney惊极伤心excessive fright damaging the heart劳倦overexertion and fatigue寒厥cold syncope脏厥visceral syncope(内脏阳气衰微所致的肢厥,a syncope due to yang debilitation of internal organs)怒则气上anger causes qi to ascend喜则气缓joy causes qi to slacken悲则气消sorrow causes qi to disperse恐则气下fear causes qi to descend惊则气乱fright causes derangement of qi思则气结thought causes qi to bind忧则气郁anxiety causes qi to be depressed目赤bloodshot eyes五味偏嗜flavor predilection饮食偏嗜dietary predilection创伤学traumatology外伤traumatic injury房劳sexual overindulgence劳复taxation relapse女劳sexual taxation风痰wind-phlegm寒痰cold-phlegm痰饮phlegm-retained fluid痰湿phlegm-dampness水湿water-dampness淤血犯头static blood invading head 痿病wilting disease骨痿bone wilting筋痿sinew wilting绞痛colic pain寒疝cold abdominal colic淤痰blood stasis-phlegm浓痰purulent phlegm CHAPTER 6四诊four diagnostic examinations精神状态mental state面部表情facial expression面色complexion望小儿指纹vein of the infant's fingers 舌象tongue manifestation藏象visceral manifestation人体human body舌体tongue body舌形form of the tongue制剂形式preparation form舌态motility of the tongue口眼歪斜deviated of the tongue歪舌deviated tongue落枕stiff neck强硬舌stiff tongue震颤法trembling method颤动舌trembling tongue舌根root of the tongue舌尖tip of the tongue舌边margins of the tongue淡红舌pale red tongue淡白舌pale tongue红舌red tongue绛舌crimson tongue青舌blue tongue紫舌purple tongue青紫舌bluish purple tongue嫩舌tender-soft tongue胖大舌enlarged tongue肿胀舌swollen tongue瘦薄舌thin tongue点刺舌spotted tongue芒刺舌pricky tongue齿痕舌teeth-marked tongue裂纹舌fissured tongue痿软舌limp wilting tongue麻痹舌paralyzed tongue吐弄舌protruded agitated tongue 短缩舌contracted tongue地图舌geographical tongue舌苔tongue fur腻苔slimy fur滑苔slippery fur苔色fur color舌色tongue color中剥苔centre peeling fur根剥苔root peeling fur苔质texture of fur润苔moist fur燥苔dry fur燥裂苔dry and cracked fur前剥苔anterior peeling fur镜面舌mirror tongue类剥苔exfoliated fur淡红色薄白苔red tongue with thin white fur红舌薄黄干苔red tongue with thin, yellow and dry fur 命关life bar舌诊tongue diagnosis望舌inspection of the tongueCHAPTER 7口气mouth odor汗味sweat odor倒经inverted menstruation白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge恶露不下retention of the lochia恶露不绝persistent flow of lochia口臭fetid mouth odor halitosis把脉take pulse病脉morbid pulse三部九侯three positions and nine indicators 布指寸口脉wrist pulse寸口诊法wrist pulse-taking method人迎脉carotid pulse趺阳脉anterior tibial pulse寸,关,尺cun/inch, guan/bar and chi/cubit 诊尺肤cubit skin examination指法finger technique叩击法tapping technique举,按,寻lifting, pressing and searching推寻pulse searching平脉tranquil pulse燥脉agitated pulse按诊body palpation按腧穴acupuncture point palpation病色morbid complexion病脉morbid pulse浮脉floating pulse孤阳上越deficiency yang floating upward 沉脉sunken pulse脾气下陷sunken spleen qi中气下陷sunken middle qi单按pressing with one finger总按simultaneous palpation浮脉floating pulse沉脉sunken pulse迟脉slow pulse数脉rapid pulse虚脉vacuous pulse实脉replete pulse洪脉surging pulse细脉fine pulse滑脉slippery pulse涩脉rough pulse弦脉string-like pulse结脉bound pulse相兼脉combined pulse芤脉hollow pulse散脉dissipated pulse革脉drumskin pulse伏脉hidden pulse牢脉firm pulse阳明腑证yang brightness bowel pattern 缓脉moderate pulse缓脉(不正常)relaxed pulse疾脉racing pulse大脉large pulse长脉long pulse濡脉soggy pulse弱脉weak pulse短脉short pulse微脉faint pulse动脉stirred pulse紧脉tight pulse代脉intermittent pulse促脉skipping pulse驱寒dissipate cold散瘀dissipate stasis风动stirring wing阴虚动风yin deficiency with stirring windCHAPTER 8问寒热inquiry about cold and heat问汗inquiry about sweating问痛inquiry about pain恶寒aversion to cold恶热aversion to heat发热恶寒aversion to cold with fever畏is usually translated as fear, as in "fear of cold" 畏寒但热不寒fever without chills但寒不热chills without fever潮热tidal fever午间潮热afternoon tidal fever日晡潮热late afternoon tidal fever骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever湿温潮热dampness-warm tidal fever阴虚潮热yin deficiency tidal fever微热mild fever微恶寒mild aversion to cold微寒mild chill微渴mild thirst身热不扬unsurfaced fever五心烦热vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles / five center heat手足烦热vexing heat in the extremities 手足厥冷reversal cold of the extremities 厥阴reverting yin寒热往来alternating chills and fever盗汗night sweating虚热deficiency heat少阳病lesser yang disease疟疾malaria头重脚轻heavy head and light feet身重heavy body重痛heavy pain目眩dizzy vision视力模糊blurred vision复视doubled vision灼痛scorching pain绞痛gripping pain掣痛pulling pain隐痛dull pain窜痛scurrying pain闷痛oppressive pain酸痛aching pain游走性疼痛wandering pain阵发性痛paroxysmal pain阵发性咳嗽paroxysmal cough持续性痛persistent pain汗不止persistent sweating项背拘急contracture of the nape and neck 四肢拘急contracture of the limbs肌肉痉挛muscle spasm淋病strangury disease血淋blood strangury热淋heat strangury胀痛distending pain刺痛stabbing pain冷痛cold pain空痛empty pain固定痛fixed pain胁痛hypochondriac四肢痛limb pain周身痛generalized pain完谷不化undigested food in the stool消化不良腹泻undigested food diarrhea五更泻fifth-watch diarrhea五更咳fifth-watch cough溏泄sloppy diarrhea便溏sloppy stool大便硬结hard bound stool结脉bound pulse余尿不尽incomplete urination小便涩痛difficult painful urination大便失禁fecal incontinence小便失禁urinary incontinence尿浊turbid urine分泌清浊separation of the clear and turbid 语声重浊deep turbid voice小便淋沥dribbling urination癃闭dribbling urinary block遗精seminal emission梦遗dream emission白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge下消lower wasting-thirst里急后重tenesmus尿频frequent urination膀胱失约bladder retention failure遗尿enuresis阳痿impotence勃起erection滑精spermatorrhea早泄pre-mature ejaculation月经先期advanced menstruation月经period月经后期delayed menstruation月经先后无定期menstruation at irregular intervals 经期延长prolonged menstruation月经过多profuse menstruation月经过少scanty menstruation崩漏flooding and spotting闭经amenorrhea初潮menarche痛经dysmenorrhea赤白带下white and yellow vaginal discharge胸闷oppression in the chestCHAPTER 9半表半里证pattern of half-exterior half-interior表里辩证exterior-interior pattern identification表虚证exterior deficiency pattern表寒证exterior cold pattern风湿袭表证pattern of wind-dampness assailing the exterior 风寒袭喉证pattern of wind-cold assailing the throat风寒袭肺证pattern of wind-cold assailing the lung风寒束表wind-cold fettering the exterior风寒束肺证pattern of wind-cold fettering the lung卫表不固证defense-exterior insecurity pattern表里俱寒证pattern of dual exterior and interior cold肝胆俱实证pattern of dual excess of liver and gallbladder 气阴两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of qi and yin八纲辨证eight-principle pattern identification表寒里热证pattern of exterior cold and interior heat寒热错杂证cold-heat complex pattern虚实夹杂证deficiency-excess complex pattern上寒下热证upper cold and lower heat pattern上热下寒证upper heat and lower cold pattern上焦upper energizer上消upper waste-thirst热及生风证pattern of extreme heat engendering wind阴极似阳extreme yin resembling yang阳极似阴extreme yang resembling yin上盛下虚证upper exuberance and lower deficiency pattern 下焦lower energizer真虚假实证true deficiency with false excess pattern真实假虚证true excess with false deficiency pattern真寒假热证true cold with false heat pattern辩症syndrome differentiation阳虚痰凝yang deficiency with congealing phlegm寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus伤阳证yang damage pattern伤阴证yin damage pattern阴阳两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of yin and yang心脾两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen阴虚内热证pattern of yin deficiency of yin with internal heat 阴虚火旺证pattern of yin deficiency with effulgent fire阴盛阳衰证pattern of yin exuberance with yang debilitation 阳虚寒凝证pattern of yang deficiency with congealing cold 阴盛格阳证pattern of exuberant yin repelling yang阳盛格阴证pattern of exuberant yang repelling yin清阳不升证pattern of clear yang failing to ascend肾不纳气证pattern of kidney failing to receive qi脾不统血证pattern of spleen failing to manage blood八纲eight principles治疗原则therapeutic principle八纲治法eight principle therapeutic methods合证combined pattern合方combined formulaCHAPTER 10气陷证qi sinking pattern寒湿证cold-dampness pattern气机失调证qi dynamic disorder pattern气机郁滞证stagnant qi dynamic pattern湿热下注证pattern of dampness-heat pouring down寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis寒湿内阻证pattern of internal obstruction of cold-dampness 气虚湿阻证pattern of qi deficiency with dampness obstruction 气机不利证inhibited qi dynamic pattern气虚水停证pattern of qi deficiency with water retention气虚不摄证pattern of qi deficiency with failure to constrain气虚外感证pattern of qi deficiency with external contraction 蓄血证blood amassment pattern气血失调证qi-blood disharmony pattern气不摄血证pattern of qi failing to control the blood血虚挟淤证pattern of blood deficiency complicated by stasis 血虚寒凝证pattern of blood deficiency and congealing cold血虚风燥证pattern of blood deficiency and wind-dryness津气亏虚证fluid-qi deficiency pattern气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention饮停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium 风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water水停证water retention pattern疫毒下注证pattern of pestilential toxin pouring downward火毒内陷证pattern of inward invasion of fire toxin表邪内陷证pattern of inward invasion of external evil表寒证exterior cold pattern表热证exterior heat pattern表虚exterior deficiency里实证interior excess pattern里寒interior cold里热interior heat外湿external dampness外风external wind外燥external dryness内风internal wind内燥internal dryness内湿internal dampness燥干清窍证pattern of dryness affecting the clear orifices气郁证qi depression pattern气郁化火证pattern of depressed qi transforming into fire 中气下陷证sunken middle qi脾气下陷sunken spleen qi直肠下陷prolapse of the rectum子宫下陷prolapse of uterus表气不固insecurity of exterior qi肾气不固insecurity of kidney qi蓄血blood amassment太阳蓄血证greater yang blood amassment pattern热入血室heat entering blood chamber寒入血室证pattern of cold entering blood chamber气虚血瘀证pattern of qi deficiency with blood stasis心血淤阻证heart blood stasis pattern寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis 气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin生津engender fluid胃津stomach fluid津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern增液润肠increase humor and moisten the intestines风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water阴虚水停证pattern of yin deficiency with water retention气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention太阳蓄水证greater yang water retention pattern胸胁胀痛fullness in the chest and hypochondrium水停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium当我被上帝造出来时,上帝问我想在人间当一个怎样的人,我不假思索的说,我要做一个伟大的世人皆知的人。

中医对肺的详细理解分析

中医对肺的详细理解分析

中医对肺的详细理解分析肺居胸中,上通喉咙,开窍于鼻。

其主要生理功能是:主气,司呼吸,为体内外气体交换的通道;助心行血而贯通血脉,通调水道,参与水液代谢,输精于皮毛,主一身之表。

(1)肺的部位和形态①肺的部位:肺位于胸腔,上连气道,喉为门户,开窍于鼻,为气体出入的器官,在人体脏腑之中位置最高,故称肺为华盖。

“肺者,五脏六腑之盖也”(《灵枢·九针论》)、“肺者脏之盖也”(《素问·病能篇》)。

“心肺独居膈上”(《难经·十二难》)。

“喉下为肺,两叶白莹,谓之华盖,以复诸脏”(《医贯》)。

指出了肺在人体中的位置。

②肺的形态:肺为白色分叶状,质地疏松,“肺重三斤三两,六叶两耳,凡八叶”(《难经·四十二难》)。

“肺得水而浮”,“肺熟而复沉”(《难经·十三难》),“肺叶白莹、谓为华盖,以复诸脏,虚如蜂窠,下无透窍、吸之则满,呼之则虚。

”(《医宗必读》)。

这里的“虚如蜂窠”,“得水而浮”,就是说肺脏本身是质地疏松的含气的器官。

至于重量问题,《难经》记载心肺重量之间的比例与现代解剖学讲的心和肺之间的比例,也十分相似,说明古人对肺确有较深刻的了解。

(2)肺的生理和病理“肺者,相傅之官,治节出焉”(《素问·灵兰秘典论》)。

“相傅”,傅同辅,有辅佐、协助的意思,是和心为君主之官的君主相对而言的,意即肺对心脏有协助作用。

所谓“治节”,就是“治理”、“调节”。

就是说,人体的各种生理调节代偿功能,均属于肺的职能范围。

“脉气流经,经气归于肺,肺朝百脉,输精于皮毛。

毛脉合精,行气于府。

府精神明,留于四脏,气归于权衡”(《素问·经脉别论》)。

“四脏”,是指肺以外其余器官;“权衡”,就是调节作用,说明了肺与全身器官的关系。

因此,肺是一个对人体各种生理功能具有调节代偿作用的重要器官,所以说:“肺与心皆居膈上,位高近君,犹之宰辅,故称“相傅之官”。

肺的主要生理功能为肺主气,主宣发、肃降,司呼吸,通调水道,朝百脉,主治节。

最全中医的专业术语

最全中医的专业术语

最全中医的专业术语中医专业术语你了解多少?为帮助同学们复习好中医专业术语,yjbys店铺为大家分享最全中医专业术语及解释,希望对大家学习中医有参考作用!【元气】指人体维持组织.器官生理功能的基本物质与活动能力。

元气在胚胎时已经形成,藏于肾中,与命门有密切联系。

【气血】指人体内的气和血。

“气”的含义较广,包括人体内能运行变化的精微物质,或脏腑组织的功能活动,均泛称为“气”,如水谷之气、呼吸之气、脏腑之气、经络之气等。

血,主要指血液,为水谷精微所化生,由中焦受气取汁变化而成。

气与血各有其不同作用,而又相互依存,以脏器组织,维持生命活动。

【津液】津和液的合称。

指人体中的液体,均为饮食水谷的精微所化生。

津随卫气而散布,有濡润肌肉.充养皮肤的作用。

液随精血而滋濡,有滑利关节、补益脑髓、灌濡孔窍等作用。

亦指排出体外的废液,如汁液、尿液等。

【肾阳】亦称“真阳”,“元阳”,“命门之火”。

指肾脏的阳气。

肾阳有温养腑脏的作用,为人体阳气的根本。

肾阳与肾阴相互依存,两者结合,以维持人体的生理功能和生命活动。

【肾阴】亦称“真阴”、“元阴”、“肾水”。

指肾脏的阴精。

肾阴有滋养脏腑的作用,为人体阴液的根本。

《景岳全书》称:“五脏之阴气,非此不能滋。

”肾阴与肾阳相互依存,两者给合,以维持人体的生理功能和生命活动。

【舌苔】正常人的舌背上有一层薄白而润的苔状物,叫舌苔。

由脱落的角化上皮、唾液、细菌、食物碎屑及渗出的白血细胞等组成。

在正常情况下,由于咀嚼和吞咽动作,以及唾液、饮食的冲洗,经常不断地清除掉舌表面的物质,仅表现为薄白的一层舌苔。

当患病时,进食少或只进软食,使咀嚼和舌的动作减少,或唾液分泌减少,舌苔就变厚。

常见的舌苔有白、黄、黑三种。

祖国医学认为,舌苔是由胃气所生,从舌苔的白和黄,可辨病之寒热;从舌苔的薄和厚可辨病之重深浅;从舌苔的变化,可辨病之转化。

【表证】外感病邪一般先侵袭体表的呼吸道,其出现的证候,称为“表证”。

表证有表寒、表热之分;表寒常见恶寒发热、头痛身疼、鼻塞流涕、咳嗽痰白、关节酸痛、苔白口不渴、脉浮紧等;表热则见身热不恶寒、咽痛口渴、咳嗽痰黄、脉浮数等。

实热证与虚热证的鉴别

实热证与虚热证的鉴别

实热证与虚热证的鉴别病机:寒邪束于肌表或腠理,正邪相争,故恶寒发热,邪气侵犯体表经络,致卫气营血运行不畅,故头身肢体酸痛。

正邪相争于表,故脉浮。

治则:辛温解表。

常用方剂:麻黄汤2.表热证主证:发热重,恶寒轻,头痛,咽喉疼痛,有汗,流浊涕,口渴。

舌质稍红,苔薄白不润,脉浮数。

病机:邪正相争于表,故发热,恶寒。

热邪犯卫,汗孔失司,则汗外泄。

热伤津而口渴。

热邪在表,故脉浮数。

治则:辛凉解表。

常用方剂:银翘散。

3.表虚证4.表热(二)里证里证是与表证相对而言,是病位深于内(脏腑、气血、骨髓等)的证候,里证的成因,大致有三种情况:一是表证进一步发展,表邪不解,内传入里,侵犯脏腑而成;二是外邪直接入侵内脏而发病,如腹部受凉或过食生冷等原因可致里寒证;三是内伤七情、劳倦、饮食等因素,直接引起脏腑机能障碍而成,如肝病的眩晕、胁痛,心病的心悸、气短、肺病的咳嗽、气喘,脾病的腹胀、泄泻,肾病的腰痛、尿闭等。

因此,里证的临床表现是复杂的,凡非表证的一切证候皆属里证。

外感病中的里证还需结合病因辨证、卫气营血辨证,而内伤杂病中,则以脏腑辨证为主。

里证要辨别里寒、里热、里虚、里实(在寒热、虚实辨证中讨论)。

辨别表证与里证,多依据病史的询问,病证的寒热及舌苔、脉象的变化。

一般地说,新病、病程短者,多见于表证;久病、病程长者,常见于里证。

发热恶寒者,为表证;发热不恶寒或但寒不热者,均属里证。

表证舌苔常无变化,或仅见于舌边尖红;里证常有舌苔的异常表现,脉浮者,为表证;脉沉者,为里证。

(三)半表半里证病邪既不在表,又未入里,介于表里之间,而出现的既不同于表证,又不同于里证的证候,称脉眩。

解。

“寒者(一)寒证寒证是感阴寒之邪(如寒邪、湿邪)或阳虚阴盛、脏腑阳气虚弱、机能活动衰减所表现的证候,可分为表寒证和里寒证,表寒证已以表证讨论,这里所指为里寒证。

主证:畏寒、形寒肢冷,口不渴或喜热饮,面色白,咳白色痰,腹痛喜暖,大便稀溏,小便清长。

常用中医术语释义

常用中医术语释义

1.五心烦热:指两手两足心发热,并自觉心胸烦热。

2.流注:是毒邪流走不定,注无定处而发生于较深部组织的一类化脓性病症。

多发于肌肉深漫肿,单发或多发,日久成脓。

多患于气血虚弱者。

3.肺金:传统中医学中的五行学说,用五行的属性分别脏腑器官的特性,称肺属金。

4.中风:指脑血管意外等疾患。

病可因阴精亏损,或暴怒伤肝,使肝阳偏亢,肝风内动;“类类似于中风的症状。

5.痰火:指无形之火与有形之痰煎熬胶结贮积于肺的病症。

6.君主之官:君主,指心在脏腑中居首要地位的意思。

7.虚喘:是肺肾之虚,尤以肾不纳气为主。

8.厥:即厥症。

泛指突然晕倒。

9.荣、已:营气、卫气。

10.肝痿:又称筋痿。

11.气逆:指气上逆而不顺。

12.三焦:分上焦,中焦和下焦。

上焦一般指胸膈以上部位,包括心,肺在内,中焦指膈下,部位,包括脾,胃等脏腑;下焦指脐以下的部位,包括肾膀胱,小肠,大肠,从生理角度上讲,还包括肝,故肝肾并提。

13.真火:指肾阳。

14.血为营,气为已:营指营气,是血中之气,卫指卫气,起卫外作用,固表作用。

15.龙雷之火:指肾火,肝火。

心肾之火。

龙火,指肾火;雷火,指心火。

16.相火:和“君火”(心火)相对而言,一般指肝肾的相火。

17.神:神气,传统中医有心藏神的说法。

18.肝气:指肝脏的精气。

19.肝血:指肝脏所藏的血。

肝血与肝阴不能截然分开。

20.肾火:肾是阴脏,内藏水火(即真阴,真阳),水火必须保持相对平衡。

21.心火:广义泛指心的功能活动,狭义指心脏推动血液循环的功能。

22.肾气:肾精化生之气,指肾脏的功能活动,如生长,发育及性机能的活动。

23.肾水:指肾脏的阴液也称肾阴。

24.先天:人身生命,发育生殖的本源,与后天相对而言。

25.后天;指脾胃。

人体的出生后的生长,发育,生命活动所需的物质和能量,要靠脾胃之气精微以滋养供给。

26.肝为肾之子:按五行学说,肝属木,肾属水,水生木,所以肝为肾之子,而肾为肝之母。

27.骨蒸:“骨”表示深层的意思,“蒸”是熏蒸的意思,形容阴虚潮热的热气自里透发而出,故28.心肾不交:心在上焦,属火;肾在下焦,属水。

中医临床诊疗术语国家标准证候部分

中医临床诊疗术语国家标准证候部分

【中医临床诊疗术语国家标准(证候部分) 】NO.1[分类]基本虚证类[证候名称]气虚证[注释]元气不足,脏腑机能衰退,以气短乏力,神疲懒言,自汗,舌淡,脉虚等为常见症的证候。

NO.2[分类]基本虚证类[证候名称]气陷证[注释]气虚无力升举,应升反降,以头晕眼花,少气倦怠,脘腹坠胀,脱肛,内脏、子宫下垂,舌淡苔白,脉弱等为常见症的证候。

NO.3[分类]基本虚证类[证候名称]气脱证[同义词]元气虚脱[衰败]证[注释]真气因某种原因而急骤外泄,以突然面色苍白,口唇青紫,汗出肢冷,呼吸微弱,舌淡脉细数为常见症的危重证候。

NO.4[分类]基本虚证类[证候名称]血虚证[注释]血液亏虚,脏腑、经络、形体失养,以面色淡白或萎黄,唇舌爪甲色淡,头晕眼花,心悸多梦,手足发麻,妇女月经量少、色淡、衍期或经闭,脉细等为常见症的证候。

NO.5[分类]基本虚证类[证候名称]血虚动[生]风证[注释]血液亏虚,形体失养,虚风内动,以面白无华,爪甲不荣,夜寐多梦,视物模糊,头晕眼花,肢体麻木,皮肤瘙痒等为常见症的证候。

NO.6[分类]基本虚证类[证候名称]血虚风燥[盛]证[同义词]血虚肤燥生风证[注释]血虚风胜化燥,皮毛、筋脉失养,以皮肤粗糙、干燥脱屑、瘙痒,或枯皱皲裂,毛发失荣脱落,肌肤麻木,手足拘急,面白无华,爪甲淡白,头晕眼花,舌淡脉细等为常见症的证候。

NO.7[分类]基本虚证类[注释]津血亏虚,形体失其濡养,以面白无华,皮肤枯槁,唇甲淡白,鼻燥咽干,目涩少泪,小便短少,大便干结,舌红少津,脉细而涩等为常见症的证候。

NO.8[分类]基本虚证类[证候名称]血脱证[注释]突然大量出血或长期反复出血,血液亡脱于外,以面色苍白,头晕眼花,心悸怔忡,气微而短,四肢清冷,舌淡脉芤等为常见症的证候。

NO.9[分类]基本虚证类[证候名称]阴(液亏)虚证[注释]阴液不足,不能制阳,以潮热盗汗,午后颧红,五心烦热,口燥咽干,舌红少苔,脉细数等为常见症的证候。

中医养生术语(精选)

中医养生术语(精选)

中医养生术语中医养生术语是指中医学中用于描述养生保健的专业术语。

中医养生注重平衡人体阴阳,调整气血,达到身心健康的目的。

下面将介绍一些常见的中医养生术语。

一、温补中医养生中的温补是指通过调理饮食和运动来增加体内阳气的方法。

温补适合体寒、阳气不足的人群,常见的温补食物有生姜、大枣、羊肉等。

此外,适度的运动也可以帮助人体产生热量,提高体温和阳气。

二、清热清热是指通过调理饮食和调节生活习惯来降低体内阳气过盛的方法。

清热适合体内有实热、火气旺盛的人群,常见的清热食物有苦瓜、藕、绿豆等。

此外,保持心情愉快,避免过度劳累也是清热的重要方法。

三、补阴补阴是指通过调理饮食和疗养方法来增加体内阴气的方法。

补阴适合阴虚、阴寒的人群,常见的补阴食物有黑枣、桑葚、枸杞子等。

此外,避免熬夜、保持规律的作息也是补阴的有效途径。

四、疏肝疏肝是指通过调理饮食和情绪来平衡肝脏功能的方法。

中医认为情志不遂会导致肝气郁结,疏肝的方法包括放松心情、保持良好的情绪,适当的运动和饮食调节。

五、健脾健脾是指通过调理饮食和生活习惯来增强脾脏功能的方法。

中医认为脾主运化水谷,当脾气虚弱时易导致消化不良等问题。

健脾的方法包括饮食有节制、保持规律作息、避免过度劳累等。

六、益肾益肾是指通过调理饮食和生活方式来增强肾脏功能的方法。

中医认为肾主水液代谢,益肾的方法包括补充足够的水分、保持适度运动、避免熬夜等。

七、调气调气是指通过调整呼吸和进行适当的运动来调节体内气血的方法。

常见的调气方法包括深呼吸、慢跑、瑜伽等。

调气可以帮助改善气滞血瘀等问题,保持身体的健康状态。

综上所述,中医养生术语包括温补、清热、补阴、疏肝、健脾、益肾和调气等,每种术语都有不同的方法和饮食调理。

通过中医养生术语的运用,可以帮助人们调整身体的阴阳平衡,达到养生保健的效果。

但是,为了确保养生的效果,请在使用前咨询专业中医医生的建议,避免不良反应的发生。

五火(肺火、胃火、心火、肝火、肾火)

五火(肺火、胃火、心火、肝火、肾火)

五火(肺火、胃火、心火、肝火、肾火)肺火肺火病因肺实热证多是因感受外邪,如六淫中的风、寒、暑、湿、燥均可化火(即五气化火),也可因机体素来阳气旺盛,加之情志因素中的喜、怒、思、忧、恐在一定条件下化火(即五志化火),火热导致邪热内盛于肺,肺失清肃而表现的肺经实热证候。

肺阴虚证多由久咳伤肺,肺阴受损;或因外感热病伤及肺津;或其他劳损,致肺阴不足,失于清肃所表现的肺失清肃和阴虚内热的症状。

临床表现肺火无论实火还是虚火,均可出现干咳少痰、口燥咽干,但若火热过盛,灼伤肺络,肺实热证还可见发热、口渴、咳痰色黄、咽喉肿痛、大便秘结、尿黄、口舌生疮、舌红苔黄、脉数等表现;而肺阴虚证则可伴见咽干不适、夜间口干明显、痰少而黏、五心烦热、盗汗、舌红少苔,脉细数等肺阴不足的表现。

辨证施治1、肺实热证(1)证候发热,口渴,咳嗽,胸痛、咯黄痰或腥臭脓痰、咽喉红肿疼痛,小便短赤,大便秘结,舌红苔黄,脉数。

(2)治则清热宣肺。

(3)主方轻症可用桑菊饮加减、重症可用清金化痰汤加减。

2、肺阴虚证(1)证候干咳少痰,或痰少而黏稠,不易咳出,口燥咽干,五心烦热,午后潮热,盗汗、或痰中带血,声音嘶哑,舌红少津,脉细数。

(2)治则养阴清肺。

(3)主方沙参麦冬汤加减。

预防1、素体易上火之人,平时饮食宜清淡为主,多吃含维生素的蔬菜水果,多喝水,少抽烟喝酒,平时适当运动,保持大便通畅。

2、注意四时季节变化,根据气候特点适当调整饮食结构,特别是在夏秋燥热之季,勿嗜食辛辣煎炸肥腻之品,以免助生火热之气。

尽量不要太晚休息,以免耗伤阴精,加重虚火上炎。

3、出现肺火的症状时,如果症状较轻,可适当选食梨、荸荠、枇杷等偏凉性的食物,或用菊花、金银花、麦冬、罗汉果等甘寒生津之品泡水饮用,如果症状较重,须到医院就医,对症治疗。

胃火概述指胃热炽盛化火的病变。

胃火炽盛,可延足阳明胃经上炎,表现为牙龈肿痛、口臭、嘈杂易饥、便秘等。

证名。

胃火炽盛之证。

证见烦热、口渴、牙疼、牙龈肿烂、牙宣出血、颐肿、面赤等。

气分证-肺热壅盛证

气分证-肺热壅盛证
分析:病邪在表,治不如法,邪热入肺,导致肺失宣降。
身热(高热,39℃以上)——风温之邪化热入里,热壅于肺经气分 汗出、口渴(喜凉饮)——肺热郁蒸,迫津外泄,则汗出;汗出津 液耗伤,则烦渴引饮,且喜凉饮。 咳喘或胸闷、胸痛(随呼吸加重)——邪热壅肺,宣降失常,故咳 喘,甚则气急鼻煽。气不宣则闷,络脉阻滞不通则痛。 痰黄稠或痰中带血丝——邪热蒸灼,炼津为痰;邪热灼伤肺络舌红, 苔黄(黄而干燥),脉数----里热盛之征。
胸痛--加郁金、佛手、桃仁理气通络
痰中带血者--加白茅根、侧伯叶以凉血止血
5
类方
陈氏凉泻里热方:川贝、牛蒡子、桑皮、连翘、橘皮、竹叶。 疏风散热、清热化痰。治疗风温热在肺胃,证见身热咳嗽, 自汗口渴,烦闷脉数,舌苔微黄者。
陆氏清热化邪方:沙参、甜杏、天花粉、连翘、桑皮、栀子、 郁金、枇杷叶。清热化痰、宣肺润燥。治疗邪热由表传肺而见 不恶寒反恶热,烦闷口渴,呛咳胁痛,舌赤苔黄者。
气分证
气分证是温邪入里,正邪剧争,造成脏腑功 能紊乱,里热炽盛的一类症候类型。
病位
肺、胸脘、胸膈、 胃、肠、肝、胆、 三焦。
治法
寒凉清泻 里热
到气才 可清气
1

肺热壅盛
“温邪上受,首先犯肺” “凡病温者,始于上焦,在手太阴”
热邪入里首犯肺部
病机
病邪在表,治不如法,邪热入肺,导致 肺失宣降。
2
证候
身热,汗出,口渴,咳喘,痰黄稠或痰中带血丝, 甚则气急鼻煽,胸闷胸痛,舌质红,苔黄,脉数
清络饮加甘桔甜杏仁麦冬知母方:鲜荷叶边、鲜银花、西瓜 翠衣、鲜扁豆花、丝瓜皮、鲜竹叶心、甘草、桔梗、甜杏仁、 麦冬、知母。清热解暑,宣肺止咳。治疗暑热伤肺,干咳无 痰,咳声清高者。

乐山职业技术学院中医学专业2020-2021学年中药学综合知识与技能第一阶段测试

乐山职业技术学院中医学专业2020-2021学年中药学综合知识与技能第一阶段测试

乐山职业技术学院中医学专业2020-2021学年中药学综合知识与技能第一阶段测试您的姓名: [填空题] *_________________________________一、最佳选择题(共40小题,每题1分。

每题的备选答案中,只有一个最符合题意。

)1.中医认为人体是一个有机的整体,其中以()为中心() [单选题] *A. 五脏(正确答案)B. 六腑C. 五体D. 九窍E. 四肢答案解析:人体以五脏为中心,通过经络系统,把六腑、五体、五官、九窍、四肢百骸等全身组织器官联结成一个有机的整体,并通过精、气、血、津液的作用,来完成人体统一协调的功能活动。

2.(1分)下列哪项不是“证”名()。

[单选题] *A. 风寒犯肺B. 脾肾阳虚C. 膀胱湿热D. 伤风感冒(正确答案)E. 食滞胃脘答案解析:“证”是对疾病某一阶段的痛位、痛性等所作的概括,故ABCE四个答案均属“证”名;“病”是时病理全过程的特点与规律所作的概括,“感冒”便是一病的名称。

3.下列表述中属于症的是()。

[单选题] *A. 消渴B. 恶寒(正确答案)C. 肺痈D. 水肿E. 咳嗽答案解析:症,指疾病的外在表现,即症状。

病,即疾病的简称,指有特定的致病因素、发病规律和病理演变的异常病变过程,具有特定的症状和体征。

所谓“证”,是机体在疾病发展过程中某一阶段的病理概括,包括病变的部位、原因、性质,以及邪正关系,能够反映出疾病发展过程中某一阶段的病理变化的本质。

4.(1分)同病异治的实质是()。

[单选题] *A. 证同治同B. 证异治异(正确答案)C. 病同治同D. 证异治同E. 病异治同答案解析:“同病异治”,是指同一种疾病,由于发病的时间、地区及患者机体的反应不同,或处于不同的发展阶段,所表现的证不同,因而治法就各异。

5.《内经》认为“阴中有阳,阳中有阴”,体现出阴阳的()。

[单选题] *A. 相关性B. 普遍性C. 可分性(正确答案)D. 转化性E. 规定性答案解析:阴阳的可分性,即阴阳双方中的任何一方又可以再分阴阳,即所谓阴中有阳,阳中有阴。

中医诊断学习题整理版

中医诊断学习题整理版

中医诊断学习题整理版中诊课外习题绪论一、简答题1、何谓中医诊断学?中医诊断学是根据中医学的理论,研究诊法、诊病、辩证的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能的一门学科。

它是中医学专业课程体系中的基础与主干课程。

2、中医诊断学的基本原理和基本原则有哪些?基本原理:司外揣内、见微知著、以常衡变、因发知受。

基本原则:整体审察、四诊合参、病证结合、动静统一。

第一章问诊一、名词解释壮热:指高热(体温在39度以上)持续不退,不恶寒只发热的症状。

属于里实热证,常见于伤寒阳明经证或温病气分证。

潮热:按时发热为定时热甚,如潮汐之往来。

主要包括阳明潮热、湿温潮热、阴虚潮热。

自汗:指醒时经常汗出,活动后尤甚的症状。

因阳气亏虚,不能固护肌表,玄府不密,津液外泄而汗出,多见于气虚证和阳虚证。

盗汗:指睡时汗出,醒则汗止的症状,因阴虚阳亢,虚热内生,多见于阴虚证。

战汗:指患者先恶寒战栗而后汗出的症状。

常见于外感热病或伤寒邪正剧烈斗争的阶段,是疾病发展的转折点。

除中:危重患者,本来毫无食欲,突然索食,食量大增,称为“除中”,是假神的表现之一,因胃气败绝所致,预后不良。

里急后重:腹痛窘迫,时时欲泻,肛门重坠,便出不爽,常见于痢疾,是湿热内阻、肠道气滞所致。

完谷不化:指大便中夹有很多未被消化的食物,多属脾胃阳虚或伤食。

大便失禁:(滑泄失禁)指大便不能随意控制,呈滑出之状,甚至便出而不自知的症状,属脾肾阳虚。

肛门气坠:(肛门重坠)指患者自觉肛门有沉重下坠的感觉,见于脾虚气陷或大肠湿热等证。

溏结不调:指大便时稀时干,粪质难以正常者,多因肝郁或脾虚所致。

癃闭:小便不畅,点滴而出者为“癃”,小便不通,点滴不出者为“闭”,统称“癃闭”。

余沥不尽:指排尿后仍有小便点滴不尽的症状,多属肾阳虚、肾气不固。

二、问答题1、何谓恶寒、畏寒?各有何意义?恶寒:是指患者自觉怕冷,多加衣被或近火取暖仍不能缓解。

畏寒:是指患者自觉怕冷,多加衣被或近火取暖可缓解。

意义:P782、怎样根据恶寒发热辨别外邪的性质?A.恶寒重发热轻:患者感觉怕冷明显,并有轻微发热的症状。

风寒犯肺证中医病机

风寒犯肺证中医病机

风寒犯肺证中医病机中医认为,“风寒”是一种特定的微生物感染,指外界寒风刺激、体内气血淤积所致的疾病,它主要表现为发热、寒战、咳嗽、痰等病症。

其最主要的病因是寒气外攻肺,使肺真气受损,其表现为肺热外热,肺偏虚内热,肺热外热肺偏实内热,以及肺结节性热毒等。

肺热外热,又称为肺寒热。

其根源是寒气的外攻所致。

表现为发热、咳嗽有痰,痰色可呈赤白稀疏、浓细清脓、白滞清稀或无色无味等。

脉象及舌象也有明显的变化,舌象表现为苔薄黄,脉损弦数,肺区可有痛。

肺偏虚内热,又称肺虚热。

其根源是肺真气受损,肺气衰退,气血内热受损,痰津液不足等原因。

表现为发热、咳嗽有痰,痰色可呈浊白稠粘、黄白痰、黄腻痰或无色无味等。

舌象有舌尖红,苔白腻;脉象有脉数迟缓;肺区可有痛,但心肺之声及胸膜反应正常,可见心功能及肺泡结构正常。

肺热外热肺偏实内热,又称肺热偏实内热。

其根源是肺真气受损,肺气衰退,气血血滞,寒气内攻肺,使肺气守住。

表现为发热、痰多、咳嗽,痰色可呈黄痰、黄涩痰或稠黄涩痰,舌象表现为舌淡胖大,苔黄腻,脉象及心肺之声及胸膜反应正常。

肺结节性热毒,又称痰毒肺结。

其根源是肺真气受损,气血互结而形成结节,寒毒等外攻结节,毒气出入结节,使结节腔内热毒淤积。

表现为发热、咳嗽、有痰,痰呈乳白色、乳汁样、乳浊样或乳酸样等,舌象有舌尖淡腻,苔白黄或苔几无者,脉象及心肺之声及胸膜反应正常。

中医认为,风寒犯肺证,治疗原则在于温热除寒,健脾活血,调经活气,以温补养正,活血宣肺,祛湿止咳,消肿止痛,健脾燥温,调理药性,清肺气互,平阳运文。

温热除寒,是指采取温热之方,以温热取胜寒凉,是中医辩证用药的基本原则,以收散寒,温热调和,调节肺寒气内外失常状况,制伏肺真气之受损,以达到防治肺热病的目的。

具体的药物可以服用荆芥、熟地、知母、炙甘草、桑椹、附子等温热性药物。

健脾活血,是指以活血调和、健脾调理的方法,以增强人体的生理功能,补虚健脾,活血宣肺,调节气血循环状况,制伏寒毒之受损,以祛湿止痛,保护肺热,达到防治肺热病的目的。

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