TEM-8 阅读理解测试内容效度分析(2010)
英语专业八级阅读理解题型分析及应试技巧
英语专业八级阅读理解题型分析及应试技巧英语专业八级阅读理解题型分析及应试技巧阅读理解是语言学习中最重要的基本技能之一，阅读是获取语言知识最直接、最有效的方法，阅读能力则是衡量掌握语言综合能力的一项重要标志。
学习阅读，学会阅读，提高英语阅读能力，是最终掌握英语，提高整体英语水平的必由之路。
英语专业八级考试中也设立了阅读理解部分，而且阅读部分在整个考试中占相当大的比重，该部分的得分直接影响到整个考试的成败，因此无论是教师还是考生都对此非常重视。
八级考试中的阅读理解部分主要是依据国家教委批准的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中对英语阅读教学内容和要求的规定，运用科学的测试手段，检验英语专业学生对于高级英语阅读能力和技巧的掌握，从而检查各有关院校对于大纲规定的教学内容和教学要求的完成和执行情况。
应该说到了准备八级考试的时候，学生已经具备了相当的阅读经验和阅读能力，现在的关键是多做练习，大量阅读，通过阅读来提高阅读水平。
如果还存在一些不良阅读习惯的话，比如用手指着读，默读时出声等等，就应毫不犹豫地痛下功夫去改正。
下面列出了一些常用的阅读技巧，仅作提醒之用。
希望考生能仔细对照自己的情况，尽快改掉不良习惯，以便提高自己的阅读效率。
1.略读略读(skimming)是常用的阅读方法之一，其主要特征是选择性地阅读。
通常的阅读要求看到每一个词，每次注目看1-2个词。
略读不需要看到每一个词，眼睛跳动的频率和幅度都有较大的提高，有时甚至从上一行跳到下一行。
略读不可能使你对所读内容全部了解，但是你能大大地提高阅读速度，也能获得大量的信息。
略读的主要作用是了解文章的大意。
经过略读之后，你对所读内容已经有了大致的了解，再仔细阅读，这时你的印象会更深刻，理解更透彻。
大部分读者不需要正规的训练和指导就可以进行略读。
但是有意识地训练会大大地提高你的略读速度和效率。
进行略读训练的最简单的.方法是强迫自己在规定的时间内读完某一篇文章，开始训练时，可以把略读速度定为平常阅读的5/4倍，以后逐步提高。
2010_TEM8真题(附答案)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racialmakeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to controlinflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimesinaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touc h of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled throug h water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with aquick shake of his head—a gesture I interpr eted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its p lace. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which optio n has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the followingEXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers fromBihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make aliving in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything butumbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passageseems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing inCanada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic ofinstitutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors andCongressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all,climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the caféwas intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraphEXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region,was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?。
2010英语专业八级考试题型：专八阅读理解
2010 英语专业八级考试题型：专八阅读理解
阅读理解
Reading Comprehension ( 一) 测试要求
1、能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论，政治和书评，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节。
2、能读懂一般历史传记及文学作品，既能理解其字面意义又能理解其隐含意义。
3、能分析上述题材的文章的思想观点，通篇布局，语言技巧及修辞手法。
(二) 题型
阅读理解部分包括二个项目：Section A 和 Section B。
各项目的题型如下：Section A：Reading Comprehension A 项由数段短文组成，其后共有选择题 15 道，要求学生根据短文的内容，隐含意义及文章特征，在 30 分钟内完成试题。
短文共有 2500 词左右。
Section B：Skimming and Scanning B 项测试学生的速读能力，由数段短文组成，短文后共有 10 道选择题。
短文共约 3000 个词。
要求学生运用速读及跳读的技巧在 10 分钟内根据短文内容完成试题。
TEM-8听力理解测试内容效度分析——以2016、2017年TEM-8考试为例
痫狂英语 理论版圆CRAZY ENGLISH PROTEM-8听力理解测试内容效度分析以2016、2017年TEM-8考试为例王晓霜!湖北工业大学，湖北武汉430064)摘要：效度是衡量测试有效性的重要标准，英语专业八级考试作为检查英语专业学生英语能力的测试，自1991年开始实行以来，其效度一直是人们关注的焦点。
国内对T E M<效度的研究主要集中在阅读理解方面，关于听力效度的研究较少。
2016年教育部发布的新考纲对T E M<)题型进行了调整。
文章对实施新考纲之后的2016年2017年的T E M<测试中听解部分的效度进行了分析，以期对T E M<测试的命题有所帮助。
关键词：TEM< $听力理解；有效性；内容效度[中图分类号]H319.6[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1006-2831 (2018)02-0022-2 doi% 10. 3969/j. issn. 1006-2831.2018.01.008!研究背景TEM-8(Test for English Majors-Band8 )，全国高校英 语专业八级考试，是1991年起由教育部实行的：参 性教学检查 试。
其目的是检测英语专业学生运用英语获取、和处理一般或与专业相 以达到的能力。
TEM-8自问世以来，经历了多次改革。
2015年8月的《英语专业八级考试（TEM-8)题调整说》中，再 TEM-8了改革和调整。
具体调整如下:Mini lecture即讲座长度增加，从10题 15 题，改为提前发卷;Conversation or Interview即会话题目 数量不变，问题消失，问题在听力中 ,新闻听力取消。
听力 试时间由35 改为25。
TEM-8取之后，听力 数百比由原先的20%升到了 25%。
TEM-8的研究从未间断过，其中关于效度的 研究也不在少数，然而大 研究都集中在阅读理解方，听力 效度的研究较少。
种象，分析了 2016年及2017年听力测试效度。
英语专业八级阅读考点解析
英语专业八级阅读考点解析Introduction:The English Proficiency Test for English Majors Level 8 (TEM-8) is a widely recognized examination in China that measures the English proficiency of students majoring in English. One of the key components of this test is the reading section. In this article, we will analyze the essential reading points that students should focus on to excel in the TEM-8 examination.1. Vocabulary:Vocabulary is a fundamental aspect of reading comprehension. To master the reading section, candidates need to have a strong command of both general and specialized vocabulary. Paying attention to word formation, collocations, synonyms, and antonyms will help improve vocabulary proficiency. Additionally, building a solid foundation of academic vocabulary is crucial for understanding complex texts.2. Reading Techniques:Developing effective reading techniques is essential for comprehending and analyzing academic texts within a limited timeframe. Skimming, scanning, and critical reading are three predominant techniques worth mastering. Skimming helps to quickly grasp the main idea and structure of a text, while scanning facilitates locating specific information. Critical reading involves analyzing the author's argument, tone, and logical reasoning.3. Inference and Deduction:TEM-8 emphasizes the ability to draw inferences and deductions from the given text, making it important for candidates to develop critical thinking skills. Identifying implicit information, making logical connections between sentences and paragraphs, and understanding the writer's intentions are crucial in finding the implied meaning. Practicing with various types of texts can significantly enhance these skills.4. Text Structure:Understanding the organization and structure of different types of texts is pivotal in comprehending academic readings. Familiarity with typical structures such as cause and effect, compare and contrast, and problem and solution can aid in quickly identifying the main ideas and supporting details. Recognizing transitional words and phrases, as well as understanding paragraph coherence, will enhance overall comprehension.5. Contextual Clues:Strong reading comprehension also relies on the ability to use contextual clues to infer the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases. Recognizing the relationship between words and their surrounding context can help determine the intended meaning. Additionally, paying attention to cohesive devices such as pronouns, synonyms, and conjunctions can assist in comprehending the logical flow of the text.6. Time Management:As the TEM-8 reading section has a strict time limit, effective time management is vital. Candidates should practice completing reading passages within the allocated timeframe, ensuring they allocate sufficienttime for each question. By improving reading speed without compromising comprehension, test-takers can maximize their overall performance.Conclusion:In conclusion, achieving success in the TEM-8 reading section requires a combination of vocabulary mastery, effective reading techniques, inference and deduction skills, understanding of text structures, utilization of contextual clues, and efficient time management. By focusing on these key areas and practicing with a variety of texts, English majors can enhance their reading proficiency and improve their performance in the TEM-8 examination.。
TEM-8阅读测试内容效度分析
的英语 语 言 综 合 运 用 能 力 标 准 及 英 语 专 业 知 识 。 《 大纲 》 明确规定 专业英 语八 级考 试属 于标 准型教 学 检查 类考试 ， 即学 业测 试 （ ａ ｃ ｈ ｉ ｅ ｖ ｅ ｍｅ ｎ ｔ ｔ ｅ ｓ ｔ ） 。考 试 范 围囊括 了《 大纲》 规定 的听 、 说、 读、 写、 译 四个方 面
［ 关键 词］专 业 英 语 八 级 ；阅读 理 解 ；内容 效度 ； 考 试 大 纲
［ 中 图 分 类 号］Ｈ３ １ ０ ． ４
［ 文献 标 识 码 ］ ： Ａ
Ａｎ Ａｎ ａ ｌ ｙ ｓ ｉ ｓ ｏ ｆ Ｃｏ ｎｔ ｅ ｎ ｔ Ｖａ ｌ ｉ ｄ ｉ ｔ ｙ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｈ ｅ Ｒｅ ａ ｄｉ ｎｇ Ｐａ ｒ ｔ ｏ ｆ ＴＥＭ 一 ８
ｌ ｙ ｍｅ ａ ｓ ｕｒ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｕ ｄ ｅ ｎｔ ｓ ’ｌ ａ ｎ ｇｕａ ｇｅ ｃ ｏｍｐｅ ｔ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｅ ．Ｈｏｗｅ ｖ ｅ ｒ ，ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ａ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｌ ｌ ｐｒ ｏ ｂｌ ｅ ｍｓ ｉ ｎ ｓ ｅ ｌ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｍａ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｉ ａ ｌ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄ ｍｅ ａ ｓ ｕ ｒ ｉ ｎｇ ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎｇ ｓ ｐ ｅ ｅ ｄ ａ ｎｄ ａ ｂｉ ｌ ｉ ｔ ｙ．Ｉ ｎ ａ ｃ ｃ ｏ ｒ ｄ ａ ｎｃ ｅ ｗｉ ｔ ｈ ｔ ｈｅ ｓ ｅ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｂｌ ｅ ｍｓ ａ ｎｄ ｔ ｈｅ ｒ ｅ — ｆ ｏ ｒ ｍ ｏｆ ＴＥＭ 一 ８ ｉ ｎ ２０ １ ６，ｔ ｈｅ ａ ｕｔ ｈｏ ｒ ｐｒ ｏ ｖ ｉ ｄ ｅ ｓ ｓ ｏｍｅ ｓ ｕ ｇｇ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎｓ ｔ ｏ ｉ ｍｐ ｒ ｏ ｖｅ ｔ ｈｅ ｃ ｏｎ ｔ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｖａ ｌ ｉ ｄｉ ｔ ｙ ｏ ｆ ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎｇ ｃ ｏ ｍ ｐｒ ｅ ｈｅ ｎｓ ｉ ｏｎ ｏ ｆ ＴＥＭ 一 ８．
TEM8阅读理解
TEM8阅读理解TEM 8副标题测试要求:（a）能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评。
（b）能读懂有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品。
（c）能理解所读材料的主旨大意，分辨出其中的事实和细节; 能理解字面意义和隐含意义; 能根据所读材料进行判断和推理; 能分析所读材料的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。
（d）能在阅读中根据需要自觉调整阅读速度和阅读技巧。
测试形式本部分采用多项选择题和简答题形式，由数篇（一般4篇）阅读材料组成。
阅读材料共长3000个单词左右（大概500词/篇）。
学生应根据所读材料内容，从每题的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，或根据问题做简短回答。
测试目的阅读理解部分测试学生通过阅读获取和理解有关信息的能力，既栗求准确性，也要一定的速度，阅读速度为每分钟150个单词。
题目特点：四篇文章，共45分钟；14道选择题，8道作答题。
词汇量要求高。
题材广泛（社会、科技、文化、经济、文学、语言学、人物传记等）。
小贴士：1、速度是关键，生词（标记）要跳过，意图主旨要把握2、先看题目，再读文章3、根据题目，跳读寻找信息4、识别题目种类，采取对应策略（细节题、主旨大意题、推理判断……）5、作答题，分值大，寻找信息句，学会paraphrase，答案不超过10个单词选择题题型推理判断题事实细节题语义理解题主旨大意题观点态度题文章体裁、篇章结构、修辞题1推理判断题推理判断题(简称推断题)主要考查考生对文章深层含义的理解，要求考生不仅能读懂文章还能领会作者的言外之意，根据已知内容推断引申含义。
推断题根据出题点的不同可分为两类，即对文章的总体进行提问和针对某个细节进行提问:(1)局部推断题常见于逻辑性较强的段落或者句子:强转折对比处、因果关系处、类比关系处，还有可能来自表示言外之意的句子:虚拟语气处、反问句处2)全文推断题实际经常考查的是最后一段和中心论点，还有可能来自于原文中四个不同的信息点。
推理判断题提问方式According to the author, the key to successful allocation of resources in your life depends on whether youAccording to the author, a common cause of failure in business and family relationships isIn the eyes of the author, winter in Paris is significant because ofWhich of the following is NOT implied in the passage?According to the passage, what does "the first clue "suggest?It can be inferred from the passage thatWe can tell from the excerpt that George解答推断题时，关键要把握以下几点:其意思不是照搬原文而来，而是靠推断得出。
TEM 8 考卷解析
TEM 8答题和计分试卷各部分采用记权的办法，折算成百分制。
以60分为及格标准1．听力25分钟A) 主观题10 题，10分，B)C)客观题各5题，共10分。
8:30-9:05 答题卡12．阅读30分钟客观题20题，20分9:05-9:353．人文知识10分钟，客观题，10题，10分9:35-9:454．改错15分钟，10题，10分9:45-10:00 答题卡25．翻译时间60分钟。
中英互译，各一题，各10分10:00-11:00答题卡3 6．写作时间45分钟，主观题，20分11:00-11:45 答题卡4Part II: Reading Comprehension阅读要求✧1.确定所读材料的中心思想及标题✧2.了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节✧3.根据所阅读的材料对作者的暗示进行判断，推理及引申✧4.根据上下文推测文章中超纲词汇，短语的字面意义及隐含意义✧5.了解作者作文的目的及文章的体裁,题材和组织结构✧6.领会作者的观点态度及文章的语气客观事实题关键词的寻找（文字定位）何谓关键词？关键词即能够帮助你在文章中找到答案的词。
一般来说，可分为广义关键词和狭义关键词。
狭义限定词（人名、地名、时间、数字、与生词。
）广义限定词：决定答案位置和性质的词客观题的注意事项1.四种错误选项：混，偏，反，无2.慎重对待含有最高级，唯一性和比较句的选项e.g. most, only, more than, less than例：A是重要工具不能推出A是最重要工具命题规律1. 有明显的列举提示词first, second, third 等并列关系词出现的部分常考2. 举例和打比方的细节部分常考3. 引用人物论断处常考4. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考领会作者的观点态度及文章的语气作者的语气和对待谈论话题的态度，表明了作者的立场和观点，通过寻找一些关键性的词语，对此进行把握。
1.引号中的内容通常为负评价E.g. “protecting the environment” --- 并非真正的保护2.表示评价的某些特殊动词（研究类文章）负：fail to, ignore (主观性强），overlook, neglect, overstatement, understatement,exaggerate, misrepresent, misinterpret正：find, discover, show, demonstrate, determine, confirm3.让步前：it is true/correct/No doubt/ without doubt/ undoubtedly/Do/may/ seem/ appear 后: 强转折以后半句为主要评价 E.g. This theory may be correct, but it doesn’t apply to… 大负小正4.混合评价由but/and 连接两个不同方向的评价词but 之后是大评价 E.g. correct but in complete由某些限定词修饰的评价词E.g. partially correct/Qualified approval/Tempered/guarded/tentative确定所读材料的中心思想（主旨题）主旨=主题+方向+关系词（无词阅读法的“三要素”）例：《新概念第四册》第二课的第一段Why you may wonder should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world. They would devour all our crops, and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect-eaters, spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings主旨题（1）文章中有明确主题句，对它进行同义变换（2）如果没有，具备三出现原则（1.文中重要的关键词必须出现2.细节不能出现3.新内容不能出现）（3）有时包含态度（正确选项中的正负评价必须与原文一致）（4）如果是评述理论或者著作，三出现原则表现为：人名，著作，职业至少出现一个Part IV：Proofreading错误类型（一）单词使用错误1.名词误用2.动词误用3.形容词和副词误用4.冠词误用5.代词误用6.介词误用7. 连词误用（二）固定搭配错误1 . 名词短语错误2 . 动词短语错误3 . 形容词和副词短语错误4 . 复杂介词错误（三）语法句法错误1 . 主谓一致错误2 . 动词时态，语态错误3 . 形容词和副词比较级的错误4 . 非谓语动词使用上的错误5 . 情态动词使用上的错误6 . 虚拟语气方面的错误7 . 句子成分多余方面的错误8 . 句子成分遗漏方面的错误9 . 句子结构方面的错误（四）篇章结构错误1 . 逻辑关系问题2 . 语义衔接问题Part V：Translation阅卷过程通读，形成印象；根据印象划档；在各档分数框架内，踩点给分（信息点）；根据错误率（硬伤+错译）扣分；形成初步评分；根据综合情况（翻译精确度+译文质量+行文流畅度+错误率+书写情况）得出最终评分。
浅析TEM-8阅读测试的特点与阅读策略——以2005-2013年真题为例
难 度在逐年增加 ， 造成考生在此方 面大量失分 。因此 ， 我们在分析 ２ ０ ０ ５ － ２ ０ １ ３年真题 的基础上 ， 详 细剖 析Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ－ ８阅读 的测试特点 ， 并据此提 出相应 的阅读策略 ， 以解决考生普遍反映的文章篇 幅过长 、 时间不 够用以及对所选 的答案不确信等 困难 。 ［ 关键词 ］ Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ－ ８阅读 ； 测试特点 ； 应试策略 ［ 中图分类号 ］Ｈ ３ １ ９ ． ３ ７ ［ 文献标识码 ］Ａ ［ 文章编号］ １ ０ ０ ９ — ９ ０ ４ ２ （ ２ ０ １ ６ ） ０ ７ — ０ ０ ５ ０ ・ ０ ３
阅读 是 英 语 学 习者 进 行输 人 的重 要途 径 之 一 ， 阅读 能力 是衡量 英语 学 习者掌 握语 言 综合 能 力 的一
度 也在增 加 ： 从２ ０ ０ ９年开 始 ， Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ－ ８阅读测 试 的文
本 段落数 明显 增 多 ， 篇 幅 加 长 。以 ２ ０ １ １ 年的Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ Ｂ 和２ ０ １ ２年 的 Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ Ｃ为例 ， 这两 篇文本 的段落 分别 多
８阅读 测 试 的特 点 ， 探讨 如何 在 短 时 间 内获 取关 键
（ 大于或 等于 １ ０ ０ ０字 ） 更 多 地测 量 读 者 的语 篇 处 理 能力 ， 而 不是其 句法 和词 汇知识 。
二、 阅读 策略
笔 者通 过对 ２ ０ ０ ５ － ２ ０ １ ３年 Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ一 ８阅读 题 目的 分析 ， 总结 出以下 四点 阅读 策 略 ， 供广 大考 生参考 。
－
８ ） 也设立了阅读理解部分， 且 占整 个 考 试 比重 的
２ ０ ％。 自２ ０ ０ ５ 年起 ， 新版 的《 高校英语专业八级考 试大纲》 要求考生在 ３ ０分钟 内阅读 四篇共计 ３ ０ ０ ０ 个 单词 左右 的短 文 ， 并完 成 ２ ０道 选 择 题 ， 这 就 意 味 着 考生 平均要 在 ７ ， ５分钟 内读 完一 篇短 文 ， 并完 成其 后 的选 择题 。多 年来 ， 很多 考生 反映 Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ－ ８阅读部 分难度大 ， 主要体现在篇章太长 、 时间不够用等 。本 文 将在 分析 ２ ０ ０ ５ － ２ ０ １ ３年真 题 的基 础上 ， 总结 Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ一
2010年英语专业八级真题及答案
2010年英语专业八级真题及答案PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhad eb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rai n to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigne d to the imminent end of their livelihoodand pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2 paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight a ttendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use inmost major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly bec oming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in thebackground, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as wester n Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one ca n’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, thosewho had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century u pon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects l ike this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued byA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A. Will BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier is written byA. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction39. The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of________ in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym40. Language i s t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway servesA. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a p=ersuasive function.Part IV Proofreading & Error Correction (15 min)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the bla nk provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit,it buys things in finished form and hangsthem on the wall. When a natural historymuseum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect asinstruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped asany other to say the things their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, butthat is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent innuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benaresbrass. Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak aboutsnow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this isnot because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') isinherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light adefect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply andobviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The Englishlanguage will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction asimportant.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise。
向洪全：2010专八英译汉试卷分析
2010年英语专业八级考试“英译汉”典型问题剖析向洪全摘要：本文结合具体案例，全面系统地剖析了2010年英语专业八级考试“英译汉”中所存在典型问题。
在此基础上，并结合作者翻译教学与实践的经验，提出多读原典、双语比较、勤加练习、多读中文作品等意见和建议。
关键词：2010；英语专八；英译汉；问题；建议2010年3月23日—4月1日，全国英语专业八级阅卷工作在上海外国语大学进行。
今年全国参考考生共计189000余人。
笔者参加了“英译汉”部分阅卷，感触颇深。
既有令人激赏的优秀之作，亦发现诸多林林种种的问题与不足。
就所发现问题而言，有的可归属于考生个人的问题，如原文理解不到位，词汇量不足，英汉语言差异认知及转移处理经验与能力欠缺等；有的则超越了考生个人，是国内外语教育带普遍性的问题，如外语学生中文水平普遍较差；再有的则甚至可能是社会及法律问题，如试卷雷同作弊问题。
本文主要目的在于总结问题，剖析成因，并尝试提出一些意见和建议，以期或有助于未来的学子，或与同行及感兴趣者探讨交流，故下文暂不谈优点，而直指问题与不足。
一、英译汉原文今年专八英译汉原文出自Thomas De Quincey的名作Confessions of an English Opium Eater(1821)。
选作考题时个别字句稍有修改。
该部分选文亦见于杨自伍主编《英国文化选本》（华东师范大学出版社，1996年），该书系英汉对照，译文甚具文采。
试题具体选文如下：I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green church-yard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child, whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.二、翻译中主要问题1、全文理解偏颇。
英语专业八级阅读真题解读
英语专业八级阅读真题解读一、Introduction英语专业八级阅读真题一直是考生备战考试的重点，通过对真题的解读可以更好地了解考试内容和要求。
本文将对英语专业八级阅读真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
二、题型分析英语专业八级阅读真题主要包括多项选择题、填空题和段落匹配题。
多项选择题要求考生根据文章内容选择最佳答案；填空题要求考生根据文章提供的信息填写空白处；段落匹配题要求考生将给定的段落与相应的文章进行匹配。
三、解题技巧针对不同的题型，我们可以采取一些简单有效的解题技巧：1. 多项选择题（1）通读全文，抓住文章的主旨；（2）注意选项中的关键词，与文章中的关键词进行对比；（3）排除干扰项，找出最合适的答案。
2. 填空题（1）仔细阅读完整个句子，理解上下文的意思；（2）根据上下文的线索和语法规则推断合适的答案。
3. 段落匹配题（1）通读全文，理解每个段落的主题和内容；（2）注意关键词的匹配，寻找段落之间的逻辑连接。
四、题目解析接下来将针对几个典型的英语专业八级阅读真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解考试内容。
[题目1]文章主题: 环境保护与气候变化这是一篇关于环境保护与气候变化的文章。
作者指出气候变化对环境的影响，提出了一些解决方案。
通过对文中的重点词语和句子的分析，考生可以更好地理解文章的主旨和作者的观点。
[题目2]文章主题: 文化差异与跨文化交际这是一篇关于文化差异与跨文化交际的文章。
作者通过比较不同文化背景下的交际方式和习惯来说明文化差异对跨文化交际的影响。
考生在阅读文章时要注意关键词的理解和对比。
[题目3]文章主题: 科技进步与社会发展这是一篇关于科技进步与社会发展的文章。
作者通过具体的例子和数据来说明科技进步对社会的影响。
考生在阅读文章时要关注作者的论述方式和论据支持。
五、总结英语专业八级阅读真题的解析对于备考非常重要。
通过了解不同题型的解题技巧和对典型题目的解析，考生可以更好地理解文章内容和应对考试。
英语TEM专八考试阅读试题及答案详解
英语TEM专八考试阅读试题及答案详解英语TEM专八考试阅读试题及答案详解Waiting is a pain. Forget also a pain. But do not know how to do, is a more excruciating pain.以下是我为大家搜寻整理的英语TEM专八考试阅读试题及答案详解，期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!The Relationship between Brain Process with Mental ExperienceBy 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processesto mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Suchvariations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitationthreshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cellsremained negligible in significance for any possible correlationwith the manifold dimensions of mental experience.Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation,such as pain, taste and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervousenergy, However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentialsfailed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methodsrefined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality ofthe impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead toinfluence thedevelopmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance amongnerve rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as“common currency” throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the qualityof the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce,but, rather, the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidencefor this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field ofthe cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriatemodality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditorysensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in thesize, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneuralcorrelations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemedmuch more remarkable than any of the minute differences.However, cortical as diverse as those of red, black, green and white, or touch, cold, warmth,movement, pain, posture and pressure apparently may arise through activation of the samecortical areas. What seemed to remain was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brainexcitation: it is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, Braintheory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relativelyhomogenous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses throughhomogeneous cerebral tissue. To match the multipledimensions of mental experiencepsychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerveimpulses.1. Up until 1950, efforts to establish that brain processes and mental experience are related wouldmost likely have been met with[A] vexation [B] irritability [C] discouragement [D] neutrality2. T he author mentions “common currency” primarily in order to emphasize the[A] lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings.[B] similarities in the views of the scientists.[C] similarity of sensations of human beings.[D] continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system.3. Which of the following theories is reinforced by the depiction of the experiment in lines 16—19?[A] Cognitive experience manifested by sensory nerve impulses are influenced by the area of thebrain stimulated.[B] Qualitative diversity in nerve potentials can now bestudied more accurately.[C] Sensory stimuli are heterogeneous and are greatly influenced by the nerve sensors theyproduce.[D] Differentiation in neural modalities influences the length of nerve transmissions.4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following exhibit the LEAST qualitativevariation?[A] Nerve cells. [B] Nerve impulses.[C] Cortical areas. [C] Spatial patterns of nerve impulses.答案详解：1. C. 令人绝望。
英语专业八级阅读题型解析
英语专业八级阅读题型解析随着全球化的发展和英语的普及，越来越多的人选择学习英语专业。
其中，英语专业八级考试是评价学生英语能力的重要标准之一。
阅读部分是英语专业八级考试中的重头戏，考生需要在有限的时间内迅速理解并回答问题。
本文将对英语专业八级阅读题型进行解析，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
一、概述英语专业八级阅读题型主要包括多项选择题、判断正误题和填空题。
每个题型都有其特点和应对策略，下面将分别进行解析。
二、多项选择题多项选择题是英语专业八级阅读题型中最常见的一种。
考生需要根据文章内容和问题选出最合适的答案。
解答这类题目时，考生需要注意以下几点：1.通读全文：在开始解答多项选择题之前，考生应该先通读全文，了解文章的大意和主题，为后面的具体问题解答提供依据。
2.理解问题：仔细阅读问题，确保理解问题的意思和要求。
如果有某个词汇或短语不熟悉，可以通过上下文推断其意思。
3.排除干扰项：在选项中，通常会有部分干扰项，即看似正确但实际上与文章内容不符的选项。
考生需要仔细比较选项与文章的关键信息，将这些干扰项排除，确保选择的答案与文章相符。
4.关注词汇和语法：有些多项选择题会涉及到文章中的关键词汇和语法结构，考生需要对这些词汇和语法有一定的了解和掌握，以便正确理解和解答问题。
三、判断正误题判断正误题是英语专业八级阅读题型中较常见的一种，考生需要根据文章内容判断给出的陈述是否与文章相符。
解答这类题目时，考生需要注意以下几点：1.抓关键信息：在阅读文章时，要注意抓住关键信息、主题和论点，以便更好地判断给出的陈述是否正确。
2.注意细节：判断正误题通常涉及到文章中的细节信息，考生需要仔细阅读并理解文章中的细节内容，确保准确判断。
3.排除极端选项：有些判断正误题的选项可能会带有极端性的陈述，考生需要注意排除这些选项，选择与文章相符合的答案。
四、填空题填空题是英语专业八级阅读题型中较为复杂的一种，要求考生根据文章内容在空白处填上合适的单词或短语。
英语专八阅读理解部分内容效度的历时对比研究(2009―2017年)-最新教育文档
英语专八阅读理解部分内容效度的历时对比研究（2009―2017 年）一、引言在专八考试中，阅读理解是一个重要的部分。
根据历年测试形式可知，阅读理解的比例最大。
《考试说明》指出阅读理解的测试目的是考查被试者是否具有提取、转换和加工信息的能力。
2015 年，国家教育部修正了2004 年版本的专八考试大纲，并在2016 年正式实施。
此次改革与 2004 年的考试大纲相比，这次专八考试在内容和形式方面具有很大的变化。
阅读理解部分由改革前的20%增加到 30%，测试形式由单一的客观题变为主客观并驾齐驱。
那改革后的阅读理解部分的变化是否有效？因此，需要对它的内容效度进行研究。
尽管有一些研究者（矫永芹，2008；辜向东等， 2009；陈诗霏， 2014；张瑜珂， 2016）已经在做专八阅读理解的有效性研究。
但是，关于专八在2016 年改革前后的阅读理解部分的内容效度进行历时对比研究的文章还没有。
因此，笔者将对它进行研究。
二、内容效度内容效度是指测试内容是否在测试范围内具有充分的代表性，即它能否检测出应该检测到的内容（Henning ，1987）。
内容效度的一个常用方法是分析测试内容，把它的内容和应该达到的目标进行比较。
Huges（1989）说：“测试的内容效度越高，就越能准确地测到应该测到的东西”。
Bachman （1990）认为，可以从两个方面来分析内容效度：内容相关性和内容覆盖面。
前者是指测试内容与界定的测试范围之间的关联程度；后者是该项测试在界定的范围内，是否具有针对性和代表性。
也就是说，根据随机抽样的标准步骤，能确保在测试中测出所规定的任务。
三、检验框架本文将以 Bachman&Palmer（1996）的任务特征框架为基础，结合专八考试本身特点，从内容相关联和预期回答两个维度分析2009―2017 年专八考试中的阅读理解部分的内容效度。
内容相关联，即被试者要解决问题的语言材料，包括材料呈现形式和语言特征，也就是题材、体裁、生词、阅读速度、难度。
专四专八阅读理解分析及解题技巧reading comprehension
Trend: There is an average trend for the three types in recent years.
Almost all the texts are selected from:
Los Angeles Times The New Yorker Newsweek The Economist Time National Geographic International Herald Tribune BBC CNN Fortune ……
7. The author's attitude
Attention: I think, believe, agree, doubt... EG: At the end of the passage, the author found himself in a mood of ( ) ? the author's tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is ( )?
Reading Comprehension
Part One
Analysis of Article types & Questions
In reading comprehension, there are 20 questions and 20 points in total. We should do four texts in 30minutes, and 140 — 180 words per minute.
The author’s tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is A. optimistic and cautious. B. supportive and skeptical. C. doubtful and reserved. • ambiguous and cautious.
试析TEM8阅读理解中存在的问题及对策
试析TEM8阅读理解中存在的问题及对策
宁明
【期刊名称】《济南职业学院学报》
【年(卷),期】2006(000)002
【摘要】TEM8,作为一种标准化测试,广泛用于评估教学大纲在英语专业高年级学生中的实施情况.本文首先介绍了测试的内容,测试的模式,测试的目的以及有关的效度研究.TEM8在全国享有较高的声誉,但仍存在一些问题.根据对山东大学外语学院部分学生的调查和统计分析,TEM8中的阅读部分无法真正区分学生的阅读水平.为了完善该测试,作者建议取消阅读部分的快速阅读,增加仔细阅读并采用简答题的形式,更好地检查学生的阅读理解水平.
【总页数】3页(P29-31)
【作者】宁明
【作者单位】山东大学外国语学院,山东,济南,250100
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H319
【相关文献】
1.认知心理学框架下TEM8中阅读理解应对策略——从阅读理解的问题类型着手[J], 黄永亮;潘慧敏
2.浅析语篇分析在TEM8阅读理解中的应用 [J], 王欣;丁杰
3.功能语篇分析在TEM8阅读理解考试中的应用 [J], 陈云;李洁
4.功能语篇分析在TEM8阅读理解考试中的应用 [J], 陈云;李洁
5.2016-2018年TEM8阅读理解测试特点分析与教学启示 [J], 张芳
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
四川省高考英语(2010)阅读理解测试效度分析
四川省高考英语(2010)阅读理解测试效度分析
段丁
【期刊名称】《海外英语(上)》
【年(卷),期】2011(000)009
【摘要】高考作为国家级考试,其考试的信度和效度不容忽视.与国内外许多大规模语言测试一样,高考英语把阅读理解作为测试的重点项目.为了使高考阅读理解测试具有较高的内容效度,让广大考生能较好的反映出真实阅读能力,符合高考的基本原则,效度分析工作就是必不可少的.文章将从对阅读量,选材和技能考核等三个方面对2010年四川省高考英语阅读理解测试进行效度分析,籍此为今后高考试题命题以及基础英语教学提供必要的参考.
【总页数】2页(P40-41)
【作者】段丁
【作者单位】西华师范大学外国语学院,四川南充637009
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G633
【相关文献】
1.高考英语湖南卷(2010～2014)阅读理解试题内容效度研究 [J], 肖云南;林椿
2.高考英语阅读理解测试对教学的反拨作用分析——以2017—2019年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解为例 [J], 陈萍
3.高考英语阅读理解测试对教学的反拨作用分析——以2017—2019年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解为例 [J], 陈萍
4.高考英语阅读理解试题分析与教学建议--以2021年高考英语全国卷阅读理解为例 [J], 刘阳;矫兴华
5.高考英语测试效度对学习策略的反拨作用——2011年高考英语课标卷分析 [J], 才慧玲
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
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TEM-8 阅读理解测试内容效度分析(2010)
摘要：本文从选材、阅读速度、阅读能力和试题形式四方面，依据《英语专业八级考试大纲》，对2010年tem8阅读理解部分的内容效度进行了分析，表明tem-8阅读理解测试内容具有一定效度，但仍有提高的可能，并提出了一些建议。
关键词：tem-8；阅读理解；内容效度；考试大纲
中图分类号：g42 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1009-0118（2011）-11-0-02
一、引言
英语专业八级考试(tem-8) 是以《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》（以下简称《大纲》）为基准的大规模标准化的语言测试。
从1991 年至今, 《高校英语专业八级考试大纲》( 以下简称《考纲》) 几经变化,2004年作了相应的修订并与2005年正式实施。
作为高等学校英语专业最高级别的考试，考试范围包括听、读、写、方面的能力及英语专业知识，其中阅读理解所占的比重由原来的15%增加到20%。
作为科学的语言测试，信度和效度是语言测试的两大重要指标。
”效度是指测试者能测试出所希望测试到的东西的程度。
”“根据评价方法的不同，效度可以分为内部效度、外部效度和结构效度，而内容效度是内部效度的一种。
”所谓内容效度是指“测试是否考了考试大纲规定要考的，或者说考试的题目在多大程度上能代表了它所要测量的内容。
”
二、tem-8 阅读理解测试内容效度分析
2005 年起实施的新版《考纲》对tem-8 阅读理解测试部分的材料选择原则、阅读速度、阅读能力和试题形式都重新进行了界定。
下面就围绕这几方面对2010年tem-8阅读理解测试的具体内容进行分析看看实际测试是否充分体现这了新《考纲》要求。
( 一) 选材是否符合测试要求
根据新《考纲》，tem8阅读理解材料的选择应该符合以下原则：
1.题材广泛，包括社会、科技、文化、经济、日常知识、人物传记；
2.体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、广告、说明书、图表等。
3. 阅读材料的语言难度中等, 关键词汇基本上不超出《大纲》规定的范围。
从表1( a) 可看出,2010年四篇阅读文章的选材范围不一, 从印度加尔各答人力车的贫困生活及前景到
美国普通民众和富人排队的不平等，从富丽堂皇的伦敦茶馆到冰岛发展中的环保问题等, 涉及到社会底层大众的生活，现代西方文明的堕落题材，就公平性而言，四篇文章的内容基本上避免了材料的偏颇或偏僻。
另外记叙文1篇，议论文2篇，描写文1篇，这基本上符合《大纲》的材料选择要求。
从表1( b) 可看出,阅读文章在体裁的多样性上做了明显改进: 加大了议论文的比重,选取描写类的文章，考查英语专业学生英语的文学赏析水平。
但选材方面还存有一些不足, 例如经济类和人物传记类的文章所占比重太小, 高
科技类的文章几乎没有。
广告、说明书、图表一类实用体裁的文章也相当缺乏。
事实上,实用体裁的阅读也是真实阅读的需要, 是不符合新《考纲》体裁多样化的精神的,对测试的效度也有一定的
影响。
( 二) 阅读速度是否达到测试要求
关于阅读速度, 2005年以前的《考纲》是这样描述的：“…在30分钟内完成试题，短文共长2500词左右”，2005年后《考纲》在tem8取消skimming&scaning之后，加大了阅读材料总量（从2500词左右增至3000词左右），要求考生根据阅读需要自觉调整阅读速度。
从表2可以看出，2010年的阅读材料的总长度符合《考纲》加大阅读量的要求，但是四篇文章的阅读材料字数分布不均匀，第一篇文章过长，而第三篇文章又太短，前者的字数几乎是后者的三倍，这会影响试卷命制的科学性。
( 三) 测试内容是否符合测试要求
阅读理解测试目的就是测试学生的阅读能力。
李筱菊认为，阅读能力测试应在可行范围内尽量选多种多样不同类型的材料。
《考纲》对tem-8 阅读理解的测试要求为：“…能掌握所读材料的主旨大意, 了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节; 既理解字面意思, 又能根据所
读材料进行判断和推理…”那么2010 年tem-8 阅读理解试题考点是否体现了测试要求呢?
从表3 的统计结果可看出,试题考点的覆盖量基本达到了《考纲》的要求。
但试题的分布不够平衡。
观点态度题和长难句理解各2道，事实细节占了6道，而没有主旨大意和词义猜测题，判断推理题竟占了9道。
可见本套试卷阅读理解测试的重点重在考查英语
专业学生的判读推理能力以及获取短文事实细节的信息能力。
但由于由于理解文章主旨和词义猜测能力对于英语专业的学生而言也是非常重要的，因此也应该适当增加这类试题。
试题中还设计了1道有关篇章结构的问题 ,这进一步保证了各种能力考察试题的分布达到了平衡。
( 四) 试题形式是否符合测试要求
新《考纲》指出阅读理解部分的测试形式采用多项选择题。
通过对2010 年阅读试题的分析, 发现大部分试题都还比较令人满意的，达到了英语专业最高级别考试的水准。
李筱菊教授指出，mc 题命题有很多的要求：语言正确、地道、得体、简洁；避免偏颇性；考点要明确等等。
所有这些都是为了保证试题的效度。
mc题要求很多，稍不留意命题时就可能会出现错误。
因此, 命题者应认真严谨, 所设计的试题要经得起推敲, 以免影响考试的效度。
三、建议
综合以上分析,2010年 tem-8阅读理解测试具有一定的内容效度，但并不说明没有提高的可能。
为了使其更加科学和完善，对试题中仍然存在的不足提出修改建议。
第一,在选材方面，要求试题的命制者应保证题材的广泛性和体裁的多样性，从而更好地体现《考纲》关于材料选择的原则。
第二，阅读速度方面，所选材料的总长度应保持在3000字左右，但也应注意四篇文章阅读量的均衡性。
第三，关于阅读理解能力考核方面，应考查多方面的能力。
第四, 2010年的tem-8 阅读选用多项选择题,这种题型虽然避免了阅
卷的主观性，但也存在不足。
好的mc 试题的命制, 要求命题者不能有丝毫的懈怠, 稍有不慎便会从根本上影响试题的效度。
这也对tem8阅读理解试题的命制提出了更高的要求。
四、结语
迄今为止,tem8作为考查英语专业专业学生最高级别水平测试已经成功举办了将近20次，是绝大多数高校衡量各自英语专业教学质量的重要尺度, 极大地推动了英语专业教学的改革创新。
因此, 试题命制就应更科学、更严谨、更规范, 力求更好地体现测试的效度要求, 真正实现tem-8的作为大规模标准化测试的实施目的。
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