改革开放30年经典热词最新英语翻译
改革开放类英语词汇
汉英口译分类词汇（03）--改革开放词汇保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款 Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程 Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
改革开放英语怎么说单词短语是什么
改革开放英语怎么说单词短语是什么改革开放，是1978年12月十一届三中全会起中国开始实行的对内改革、对外开放的政策。
那么，你知道改革开放的英语怎么说吗?改革开放的英文释义：reform and opening-up;reform and opening to the outside world改革开放的英文例句：我立即告诉他们，中国改革开放的政策不仅没有发生逆转，反之，中国经济的改革开放已经向进一步深化方向发展，改革开放的程度会越来越高。
I immediately allayed their concerns.On the contrary, China is making further economic reforms to facilitate the process of opening up.我们把改革开放叫作社会主义改革开放，因为它是中国社会主义制度的自我完善和发展。
We refer to our reform and opening-up as socialist reform and opening-up because they constitute the process of self-improvement and development of the socialist system in China.30年来，改革开放的每一个重大的实践活动和理论创新，都是由思想解放开始的，思想解放是改革开放实践的先导。
In the past 30 years, every innovation of theory and practice would start from mind emancipating, which is the forerunner of reform and opening.改革与开放] 摘要：邓小平是我国改革开放的总设计师。
Deng Xiaoping is the chief designer of China's reform and opening-up policy.中国改革开放30年，以全面推进素质教育作为会计基础教育改革和会计专业教育改革的重要方向。
改革30年重要词汇
踏上了改革开放的历史征程：embarked on the historic journey of reform. and opening-up进取精神：a pioneering spirit波澜壮阔的创新实践：making bold innovation综合国力：overall national strength高度集中的计划经济体制：centralized planned economy社会主义市场经济体制：socialist market economy封闭半封闭国家：a closed and semi-closed country温饱不足：lacking basic living necessities世界多极化不可逆转：multipolarity is irreversible立足中国国情，顺应时代潮流：based on China's realities and in keeping with the trend of our times不干涉别国内部事务：not interfere in other countries' internal affairs不把自己的意志强加于人：not impose its own will on others奉行防御性国防政策，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张: to follow a defense policy that is defensive in nature and never seek hegemony or expansion对中国而言，今年是一个具有特殊意义的年份。
３０年前，在邓小平先生倡导和带领下，中国人民毅然决然地踏上了改革开放的历史征程。
这是中国在新的历史条件下进行的新的伟大革命。
This year is of special significance to China. Thirty years ago, underthe leadership of Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese people resolutely emba rkedon the historic journey of reform. and opening-up, an initiative takenby Deng Xiaoping. It started a great new revolution in China under thenew historical circumstances.斗转星移，春来秋去，转眼间３０年过去了。
改革开放30年流行语固定英文译法
改革开放30年流行语固定英文译法30年流行语固定英文译法：“倒爷”：profiteer或wheeler-dealer“五好家庭”：Five Virtues Family“万元户”：ten-thousand-yuan household“大哥大”：GSM mobile telephone“喇叭裤”：bell-bottomed trousers“交谊舞”：ballroom dancing“蛤蟆镜”：goggles“菜篮子工程”：Non-Staple Food Project“铁饭碗”：Iron Rice Bowl“ 高考移民”：NCEE migrant（National College Entrance Examination migrant）“选秀”：talent show /talent-search show“保持党员先进性教育”：Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard Nature“抓大放小”：Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones “…三农‟问题”：Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area“小康社会”：a moderately prosperous society至于当前正流行的“山寨”应该怎么译，目前似乎尚无确定的说法。
所谓“山寨”，其核心含义就是名牌产品的冒牌。
根据一些在华外国友人对目前正在走红的“山寨”现象所进行的评论，“山寨”在英语中大致可以表达为rip-off world class brands。
由于“山寨”产品大多质量较差，因此又有人称其为something is kind of a poorly done, low-class approximation of another thing。
改革开放四十年热词英文
改革开放四十年热词1.改革开放reform and opening-up2.家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract Responsibility System3.解放思想,实事求是Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts4.绿皮车green train5.高考national college entrance exam6.经济特区special economic zone7.五讲四美三热爱five emphases, four points of beauty and three loves8.一国两制one country, two systems9.小康社会A moderately prosperous society10.冲出亚洲走向世界Out of Asia, into the world11.麦乳精malted milk12. 下海venture into business, jump into the business world13.个体户self- employed entrepreneur14.万元户ten- thousand- yuan household15.倒爷profiteer/ wheeler- dealer16.“三农”问题issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area17.“女排精神” patriotic women' s volleyball spirit18.麦丽素Mylikes19.跳跳糖Pop Rocks20.辣条spicy gluten21.铁饭碗Iron rice Bowl22.喇叭裤flared trousers,bel- bottomed pants23.蝙蝠衫batwing- sleeved blouse/batwing blouse24.蛤蟆镜aviator sunglasses25.健美裤fitness tights26.大背头pompadour/ /slicked- back hair27.大哥大GSM mobile telephone28.呼拉圈hula hoop29.春晚Spring Festival gala30.收录机radio cassette recorder31.BP机(寻呼机) Beep Pager32.交谊舞ballroom dancing33.相亲(盲约) blind date34.爆炸头Afro35.迷你裙miniskirt36.唱Karaoke singing37.蹦迪disco dancing38.南方谈话south tour speeches39.发展才是硬道理Development is the absolute principle40.下岗再就业re- employment after being laid off41.小灵通PHS( Personal Handyphone System)42.农民工migrant workers43.大款tycoon/ fat cat44.黄金周Golden Week45.依法治国rule of law46.西部大开发Western Development47.三个代表Three Represents48.入世entry to the WTO49.南水北调工程South-to- North Water Diversion Project50.钉子户“ dingzihu"/nail house51.粉丝fans52.坡跟鞋wedge heels53.上网surfing the Internet54.网络文学online literature55.齐刘海neat bang56.杀马特发型shamate hairstyle57.千禧一代millennials58.博客bog59.(论坛)潜水lurk60.选秀talent show61.“超女” super gir l ( Super Girl Contest)62.科学发展观scientific outlook on development63.八荣八耻eight- honor and eight- shame64.草根grass- roots65.黄牛(票贩子)( ticket) scalper66.同一个世界,同一个梦想One World One Dream67.广场舞square dancing68.电子竞技e- sports69.健身workout/going to the gym70.摩托大军motorcycle ride71.房奴mortgage slave72.高铁high- speed train73. 双11 Double 11/singles' Day74.裸婚naked marriage75.剩男剩女leftover men and women76.异地恋long- distance relationship77.快递员deliveryman78.积分落户point- based household registration79.中国梦Chinese dream80.人类命运共同体a community with a shared future for mankind81.反腐anti- corruption82.精准扶贫targeted poverty alleviation83.雾霾smog84.点赞give a like85.转发forward/ repost86.网红online celebrity87.代购daigou/purchasing agent88.土豪nouveau riche( new rich) rich guy89.富二代rich second generation/ silver- spoon kid90.异地高考To sit NCEE locally91.舌尖上的中国a bite of china92.自由贸易试验区free trade pilot zone93.自拍selfie94.自媒体We-Meda95.男闺蜜bromeo96.经济适用男女budget husband/wife97.脸基尼Facekini98.脑残粉fangirl/fanboy99.朝阳群众residents of Chaoyang district100.“单独二胎”政策Two- child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single child family101.游学overseas study tour102.“一带一路” the Belt and Road103.新中装new Chinese- style outfits104.APEC蓝APEC blue105.新常态new normal106.沪港通Shanghai- Hong Kong Stock Connect107. 中国制造2025 Made in china2025108.获得感sense of benefit109.移动支付mobile payment110.低头族phubber111.网络主播livestreaming host112.四个全面Four Comprehensives113. IP剧intellectual property adapted films or TV series114.HPV疫苗vaccine for the human papilloma virus115.不忘初心stay true to the mission116.人民币“入篮” RMB incl usion in the SDR/ Renminbi joins SDR117.二维码支付wo- dimension barcode payment118.共享单车bicycle sharing119.网约车online car- hailing/ride- hailing120.吃瓜群众the people who are kept in the dark121.定个小目标set a small goal122.厉害了我的哥My brother, you're really something/you rock!123.洪荒之力prehistoric power124.友谊的小船the ship of friendship125.北京瘫Beijing repose126.撸起袖子加油干Roll up our sleeves to work harder127.雄安新区Xiongan New Area128.共享经济the sharing economy129.互联网+ the Internet Plus model130.人工智能artificial intelligence131.平台经济the platform economy132.供给侧结构性改革supply- side structural reform133.厕所革命toilet revolution134.全面两孩政策all couples can now have two children135.工匠精神the spirit of workmanship136.蓝天保卫战the fight to defend the blue of our skies137.“双一流” world- class universities and world- class disciplines 138.虚拟现实virtual reality139.网络直播live streaming140.电动平衡车electric self- balancing scooter141.无人驾驶汽车autonomous/self- driving vehicle142.双创mass entrepreneurship and innovation143.创二代second generation entrepreneur144.中国国际进口博览会China International Import Expo （GIIE）145.店小二servant146.教科书式textbook47. 官宣officially announce/official announcement148.佛系Buddhist- style149.霸座take other's seat and refuse to leave150.港珠澳大桥Hong Kong- Zhuhai- Macao Bridge。
改革开放30年reform and open 30 years_英语作文
改革开放30年reform and open 30 yearsAfter more than two decades of headlong rush to transform China from an autarkic centrally planned economy into a limited open-market economy， Hu is now leading a nation in the midst of fateful debates about the most effective and balanced route toward a modern harmonious socialist society. Autarky has never been voluntary Chinese policy under socialism but rather an externally imposed sanction of the Cold War.经过二十多年的冲锋陷阵，中国从一个自给自足的中央计划经济进入有限公开市场经济,胡锦涛现在正在领导国家走向最有效的、平衡的现代社会主义和谐社会路线的重大辩论中。
自给自足从来不是中国在社会主义中自愿的政策而是一个外部强加的冷战制裁。
China's shift toward market economy in the past two and a half decades was not taken in isolation from world trends. When Deng Xiaoping introduced the "open/reform" policies in 1979， toward the end of the Cold War， it was a rational response to a world infatuated with the extravagant promises of neo-liberal free trade. A quarter of a century later，while such open/reform policies have achieved spectacular results in bringing China forward into a modern interdependent world，the glaringresultant imbalances，such as excessive dependence on exports，worsening income disparity，regional development gaps， rampant official corruption，serious environmental crisis and near-total collapse of the social-service network and safety net，are raising calls for rethinking the wisdom of falling for the empty promises of neo-liberal globalization.中国在过去二十五年里向市场经济转变并没有与世界趋势隔绝。
英语翻译词汇系列-改革开放类
英语翻译词汇系列-改革开放类改革开放类翻译词汇汇总手册版可对折制成简易指南随身携带保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market 发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译
改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译(一）一、文化类选秀 talent show /talent-search show（NBA的选秀叫做draft，但和这种真人秀reality TV show 显然不是一回事）高考college (or university) entrance examination高考移民NCEE migrant驴友Donkey Friends人肉搜索Cyber Manhunt“四有” 新人New Generation with “Four Qualifications”保安，保镖security staff, security guard, body guard名片business card粉丝fans发廊hair salon跳槽job-hopping红包convert payment; （neutral）red paper containing money as a gift,(derogative) bribe, kickback八卦gossip婚纱照wedding photo走穴（又叫赚外快）(actors, singers, etc.) perform for outside salary income without approval by t he unit they belong to ”VCD 是video compact disk 缩写，泛指一种影碟机。
晒工资wages online exposure非典型肺炎、非典、沙士SARS二、社会类蛤蟆镜goggles交谊舞ballroom dancing喇叭裤bell-bottomed pants; flare trousers大哥大GSM mobile telephoneBP机（寻呼机）Beep Pager万元户ten- thousand-yuan household五好家庭Five Virtues Family呼拉圈hula hoop彩电colored television set倒爷（指的是那些倒买倒卖的人）profiteer; wheeler-dealer 面的taxi下海go into business下岗再就业re-employment of laid-off workers下岗get laid off黄金周golden week农民工migrant worker房奴mortgage slave钉子户“dingzihu”; nail house黄牛党（俗称的“票贩子）ticket scalper传销pyramid selling走后门pull the string潜规则hidden rule超女”super girl (Super Girl Contest)按揭mortgage双休日two-day weekend炒鱿鱼get fired博客blog炒股to speculate in the stock market三、经济类“三农”问题Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area两限房House of “Two Limits”农村税费改革Rural Tax and Fee Reform“三沿”地区开放Opening-up of seashore, river shore and border areas农村土地承包制Rural Land Contract System抓大放小Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones 经济适用房Economical Housing三资企业Foreign-funded enterprises铁饭碗Iron Rice Bowl菜篮子工程Non-Staple Food Project西部大开发Western Development又好又快发展Sound and Fast Development小康社会 A moderately prosperous society循环经济Circular Economy社会主义新农村Socialist New Countryside新型工业化道路New Path of Industrialization南水北调工程South-to-North Water Diversion Project分税制Tax Sharing System三来一补企业Enterprises of Three Import and Compensation Trade利改税Tax for Profits兴边富民行动Program to Revitalize Border Areas and Enrich Residents’ Lives绿色信贷Green Credit廉租房Low-rent Housing家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract Responsibility System假日经济Holiday Economy财产性收入Property Income“三步走”战略Three-Step Development Strategy金税工程Golden Tax Project四、时政类一国两制One Country, Two Systems和谐社会A Harmonious society三通Three Direct Links大部制Super-Ministry System三个代表Three Represents科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development双拥Double Support保持党员先进性教育Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard Nature 和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and Disgrace“三讲” 教育“Three Emphasis” Education党务公开Open Management of Party Affairs爱国统一战线Patriotic United Front南巡讲话South Tour Speeches实事求是To Seek Truth from Facts与时俱进Keep Up With the Times信访Letters and Visits星火计划Spark Program以人为本Put People First两岸直航包机Direct Chartered Flight Across the Taiwan Straits基层群众自治制度System of Community Level Self-Governance多党合作和政治协商制度System of Multi-party Cooperation and Political Consultation依法治国Rule of Law民主集中制Democratic Centralism政企分开Separate Government Functions from Enterprise Management863计划863 Program农转非Change From Rural Residents to Urban Residents。
改革开放30年reform and open 30 years(大学英语作文)
改革开放30年reform and open 30years大学英语作文After more than two decades of headlong rush to transform China from an autarkic centrally planned economy into a limited open-market economy，Hu is now leading a nation in the midst of fateful debates about the most effective and balanced route toward a modern harmonious socialist society. Autarky has never been voluntary Chinese policy under socialism but rather an externally imposed sanction of the Cold War.经过二十多年的冲锋陷阵，中国从一个自给自足的中央计划经济进入有限公开市场经济,胡锦涛现在正在领导国家走向最有效的、平衡的现代社会主义和谐社会路线的重大辩论中。
自给自足从来不是中国在社会主义中自愿的政策而是一个外部强加的冷战制裁。
China's shift toward market economy in the past two and a half decades was not taken in isolation from world trends. When Deng Xiaoping introduced the "open/reform" policies in 1979，toward the end of the Cold War，it was a rationalresponse to a world infatuated with the extravagant promises of neo-liberal free trade. A quarter of a century later，while such open/reform policies have achieved spectacular results in bringing China forward into a modern interdependent world，the glaring resultant imbalances，such as excessive dependence on exports，worsening income disparity，regional development gaps，rampant official corruption，serious environmental crisis and near-total collapse of the social-service network and safety net，are raising calls for rethinking the wisdom of falling for the empty promises of neo-liberal globalization.中国在过去二十五年里向市场经济转变并没有与世界趋势隔绝。
中国经济改革开放三十周年回顾英语
中国经济改革开放三十周年回顾英语Thirty years ago, a historic event took place in China that would change the course of the country's economy forever. It was the start of the economic reform and opening up policy, which marked the beginning of China's transformation from a closed, centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented one. This year marks the thirtieth anniversary of this landmark policy, and it is a time to reflect on the incredible journey that China has undergone over the past three decades.The economic reform and opening up policy was introduced by Deng Xiaoping, the then leader of China, in 1978. It was a bold move that aimed to modernize China's economy, attract foreign investment, and increase the standard of living for the Chinese people. The policy included a series of reforms such as decentralizing economic decision-making, allowing private ownership of businesses, and opening up China to foreign trade and investment.The impact of these reforms was immediate and profound. China's economy began to grow at an unprecedented rate, with double-digit growth rates becoming the norm. Foreign investment poured into the country, leading to the development of new industries and the creation of millions of jobs. China'sexport sector also boomed, with the country becoming known as the "factory of the world."As a result of these reforms, China lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and created a burgeoning middle class. The standard of living for the average Chinese citizen improved significantly, with access to education, healthcare, and other social services becoming more widespread. China's cities transformed into modern metropolises, with skyscrapers, shopping malls, and high-speed trains becoming common sights.However, the economic reform and opening up policy have not been without challenges. The rapid pace of economic growth has led to issues such as income inequality, environmental degradation, and a lack of adequate social welfare systems. These problems have become more pronounced in recent years, leading to calls for further reforms to address them.Looking ahead, China faces new challenges as it seeks to continue its economic development. The country is in the midst of a transition from an export-driven economy to one that is driven by domestic consumption and innovation. This transition is not without its difficulties, as China grapples with slowing economic growth, rising debt levels, and an aging population.Despite these challenges, China's economy remains resilient and dynamic. The country continues to invest in infrastructure, technology, and education, positioning itself for future growth. China's leadership has also unveiled a new set of reforms aimed at further opening up the economy, attracting foreign investment, and promoting innovation.As we celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of the economic reform and opening up policy, it is clear that China has come a long way since then. The country has transformed itself into a global economic powerhouse, and its influence is felt around the world. The next thirty years promise to be just as exciting as China continues on its path of economic reform and development.。
改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译
改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译－时政类一国两制One Country, Two SystemsAn idea formally put forward by Deng Xiaoping, then leader of China, in the early 1980s to reunify the country.Deng suggested that there should only be one China, but the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, once reunified with the rest of the country, could retain their original economic and political systems while other parts keep pursuing socialism.This arrangement was observed when the country resumed sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao in 1997 and 1999 respectively. The two cities are now the special administrative regions of the country with a high degree of autonomy.The central government has also proposed the idea to the Taiwan authorities to speed up the reunification of China.三通Three Direct LinksShorthand for direct links in post, transportation and trade between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. Direct communication across the Taiwan Straits in most social and economical terms virtually stopped after the Kuomintang forces retreated to Taiwan in 1949. And the contacts, if any, were routed through intermediate places, mainly Hong Kong and Macao.In the early 1980s, the central government appealed to the Taiwan authorities for opening "three links". The latter has consistently refused, but had to make concessions in the face of growing cross-Straits exchanges. "Three mini-links" was opened in 2001 between Fujian Province and the islands of Jinmen and Matsu in Taiwan. Cross-Straits charter flights were approved in 2003 for the Lunar New Year and the flights were arranged in 2006 for three other traditional Chinese festivals.和谐社会A Harmonious societyA blueprint for social development featuring decent living standards for the majority of people, a tolerant society and peaceful coexistence between the human society and nature.The concept was first floated in 2004 and then amplified in October 2006, when the Party set specific goals for building a harmonious society by 2020. The goals range from fostering the rule of law, substantial protection for private property, developed public services to foster creativity and more efficient use of resources.Stemming from ancient Chinese ideas about harmony, the blueprint underlines the need to fine tune relations between different social entities. The idea also appears in the country's foreign policy, particularly its call for "a harmonious world".大部制Super-Ministry SystemA very recent idea to restructure central government offices so that ministries, commissions and departments of the State Council with similar or overlapping functions can be merged into super-ministries. This scheme has been introduced in a reshuffle of the State Council approved by the National People's Congress in March to improve efficiency, reduce the cost of policy making and its execution, and straighten out problematic chains of command. Five super-ministries respectively overseeing industry, transport, housing and construction, human resources and the environment were established.Based upon the current changes, the central government vowed to undertake further administrative reforms in the future.三个代表Three RepresentsShorthand for the call that the Communist Party of China (CPC) provides insight and leadership for economic and cultural progress, and commit itself to public good.Former CPC General Secretary Jiang Zemin, who was credited with its creation, literally admonished his comrades to "represent the development trend of China's most advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's most advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people".The theory is the result of deliberations of the CPC's third-generation leaders on legitimacy and Party-building. At the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002, it was formally written into the Party Constitution.科学发展观Scientific Outlook on DevelopmentA concept initiated by the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2003. It stresses a comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development that is people-orientated. With priority on addressing the needs and protecting the rights of the people, the country will not only grow in economic terms, but also in political and cultural terms. The growth aims to bridge regional disparity, the urban-rural gap, protect resources, and the environment.This concept is the core of policies by the CPC's current leaders headed by Hu Jintao. At the 17th CPC National Congress in October 2007, it was formally included in the Party Constitution.双拥Double SupportShorthand for the administrative effort to enhance ties between the army and civilian communities. In essence, the expression means local governments and common people should support the army and give preferential treatment to the families of service people, particularly those killed while on the job, while soldiers should support the government and love the people.In connection with this effort, schools offer training programs to soldiers, while common people provide technological consultations and donate books and the use of other facilities to the army. In return, the army helps deal with natural disasters, major construction projects and other difficulties.保持党员先进性教育Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard NatureA campaign by the Communist Party of China to educate its members to stick firmly to the principles of the Party and serve the people so as to keep the Party's vigor and leading role in the country.From January 2005 to June 2006, the country's 68 million Party members participated in the special education program. They refreshed their knowledge about the important theories of the Party at different periods, solidified their loyalty to the Party and improved the efficiency of the grass-root organizations of the Party in serving the people.和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful CoexistenceA set of norms governing relations between nations first raised by China. Put forward by then Premier Zhou Enlai in 1953 during negotiations between China and India, the five principles were originally meant to maintain friendly ties. Under the principles, both sides agreed to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of each other, not to invade the soil of each other, do not interfere in each other's internal affairs, the ties should be equally based, and mutually beneficial for the two countries to coexist peacefully.The five principles have been widely accepted in bilateral relations between China and many other countries. One of the corner stones of China's foreign policy, it has also become an important part in the law on international relationships.社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and DisgraceAn idea put forward to instill a value of moral standards among the pub lic, especially youngsters, in line with Chinese traditional values and modern virtues.The concept underscores the value of patriotism, consciousness of serving the people, belief in science, hard work, solidarity, honesty, observation of the law and plain living. It condemns the opposite of these virtues as disgraces.It was raised by Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Communist Party of China, in March 2006. And the concept is also known as "eight honors and eight disgraces" "三讲" 教育"Three Emphasis" EducationA campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to remind Party officials to pay more attention to theoretical study, improve their political awareness, and be honest and upright.Jiang Zemin, then CPC general secretary, pointed out in November 1995 that Party officials should improve their self-education in the three aspects. And a national campaign was soon started among all Party officials. A conference was held in December 2000 which hailed the campaign as a success. CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao said the move had boosted the individual capabilities of Party members and the internal governance of the Party as well.党务公开Open Management of Party AffairsAn institutional arrangement for branches of the Communist Party of China (CPC) at all levels to improve transparency.According to this principle, Party branches are obliged to make their processes for making decisions and carrying out activities as well as their achievements known to other Party members according to the characteristics of the issues. And if the issues are closely related to the interests of the public, the Party branches should also publicize their work to all. Formally included in the CPC Constitution in 2007, this principle was part of the CPC's effort to promote democracy within the Party, protect the democratic rights of Party members and enhance the internal supervision of the Party.爱国统一战线Patriotic United FrontA political union of all socialist laborers, patriots supporting socialism and patriots supporting the unification of China.First raised as the "ethnic united front" in 1935 by the Communist Party of China (CPC), it was meant to join the powers of all social groups regardless of their class, wealth and political positions to fight against the Japanese aggressors during the World War II.Despite changes in the specific concept and target of the union under different historical conditions, this union has remained a key strategy of the CPC to mobilize all social sectors to achieve the contemporary goals it sets for the country.Part of institutional arrangements for the country to consolidate and develop the people's dictatorship, this union was embodied in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, whose members include people from the CPC, the eight non-communist parties and other social groups.南巡讲话South Tour SpeechesA series of speeches delivered by the late leader Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, during his inspection tour of southern Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai in early 1992. Targeted at domestic misgivings and confusion among some scholars and even officials about the country's reform and development, Deng put forward some new viewpoints on a series of crucial issues, such as the core of Marxism, the essence of socialism, market economy, and how to emancipate and develop productivity. The significant speeches outlined an unequivocal path for the country's further re form and opening-up and have greatly driven its political, economic, and social development.实事求是To Seek Truth from FactsA term stressing that facts or practices are the single standard by which to judge whether a theory is valid. It is one of the core ideas of the Communist Party of China about socialism with Chinese characteristics. Repeatedly stressed by different generations of leaders, this term was formally raised by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s. It was to mobilize the country to look for means of development in economic and political terms feasible and suitable for China rather than those based on political ideology. It is still part of the principles for the CPC stipulated in its constitution. It is also a popular term extensively used in different aspects of social 与时俱进Keep Up With the TimesAn expression that has become popular in official documents and speeches, accentuating the need on the part of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to keep pace with the rapid changes that have taken place in society.First appearing in former President Jiang Zemin's speech commemorating the 80th anniversary of the CPC's founding on July 1, 2001, the expression was included as part of the theme for the Party's 16th National Congress in 2002. Under the principle, the Party vowed to adapt its ideology and work in tune with the latest developments in and out of the country to better serve the people.信访Letters and VisitsA special term referring to actions of citizens or institutions to give information, make comments or suggestions and lodge complaints to the special administrative department in charge of receiving them through various forms. Letters and visits from the grassroots were lauded by State leaders as having remarkable significance in enhancing ties between the government and the people. Individuals and institutions could write letters or pay visits to the relevant department when they have information about or want to complain about the performance of the administrative organization, enterprise or institutions supplying public services as well as about their staff members. Departments receiving letters and visits are required to process the information and complaints according to a State Council regulation first adopted in 1995 and revised in 2005.星火计划Spark ProgramA State effort to popularize modern technologies in the rural areas to stimulate rural development and raise the farmers' income. Started in 1986, the program offers support to technological projects easily applied and developed in rural areas, encourages factories and small businesses to develop these projects with incentives in several aspects, holds training courses in rural businesses and promotes agricultural technology among farmers. By 2006, local governments invested 14.3 billion yuan while the central government contributed 363.1 billion yuan to the program.以人为本Put People FirstAn idea of the Communist Party of China (CPC) stresses that boosting the people's interests and development are the purpose of the Party as well as the State. Formally raised during the third plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee in October 2003, this idea was tagged as the core of the scientific outlook of development by general secretary Hu Jintao in his report on the 17th CPC National Congress in 2007. As a ruling party, the CPC vowed to expand the people's interests, respect the people's position in political life, give play to their creativity and let them share the benefits of development.两岸直航包机Direct Chartere d Flight Across the Taiwan StraitsFlights between designated airports on the Chinese mainland and Taiwan during major Chinese festivals. Regular flights have been cut off between the two sides since 1949. In 2003, the Taiwan authorities allowed Taiwan airlines to fly Taiwan people living in the mainland with chartered flights from Shanghai for the Spring Festival. As a trust-building step, chartered flights were added in 2006 during three other holidays: Tomb Sweeping Day, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid Autumn Festival. Airlines from both sides were allowed and the flights stopped at four mainland cities and two Taiwan cities. Negotiations are underway to arrange the chartered flights weekly or even more frequently.基层群众自治制度System of Community Level Self-GovernanceA grassroots democratic system in which rural and urban citizens manage the public affairs in their organizations and communities. Composed of the villagers' committee in rural areas, neighborhood committee in urban areas and the conference of workers and staff in businesses, the system enables the members to carry out democratic elections, decision-making and supervision. An important part in the country's political democracy, it was stressed as a fundamental system to adhere to in improving the socialist political system by General Secretary Hu Jintao in his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2007.多党合作和政治协商制度System of Multi-party Cooperation and Political ConsultationA basic political system in China under which the Communist Party of China (CPC), as the party in power, consults all non-Communist parties and representatives of non-party personages to reach a common understanding before taking major decisions. Formally established in 1949 when New China was founded, the system is practiced through various forms. The two major forms are the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, of which non-Communist party members and non-party personages are members, and the consultative conferences attended by non-Communist parties and unaffiliated democrats who are invited by the CPC bodies at different 依法治国Rule of LawA fundamental principle of governance that stresses that the country should be administered in accordance with the law.It was formally raised as a fundamental principle in 1997 when former general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Jiang Zemin delivered his report to the 15th National Congress of the CPC. He stressed the principle should be fully observed as "socialist democracy is gradually institutionalized and codified so that such institutions and laws will not change with changes in the leadership or changes in the views or focus of attention of any leader."This principle was reiterated by General Secretary Hu Jintao during the 17th CPC National Congress in 2007.民主集中制Democratic CentralismA principle of organization in the Communist Party of China (CPC) as well as in the country's political life, stressing both democracy and centralism. Enunciated originally by Vladimir Lenin, the principle stresses that the Party members have the freedom to discuss and debate matters of policy and direction, but must support the final decision once it is reached through a majority vote. Individuals must obey the Party or the organization, the minority must obey the majority, the lower levels of organizations must obey the ones at the upper level. It is one of the most important principles adopted by the CPC at its early stage and is upheld till now.政企分开SeparateGovernment Functions from Enterprise ManagementAn effort to draw a clear line between the roles of the administration and of the businesses. Under the planned economy, the extensive involvement of the government in economic operations resulted in the government making commercial decisions for the businesses and the State-owned enterprises offering public services to their employees, ranging from medical care to education. Since the country introduced the economic reform, it became a major mission for the government to separate the functions of the administration from those of the enterprises in order to improve the efficiency of both.农转非Change From Rural Residents to Urban ResidentsA change in the residential status of people under the household registration system.Since the household registration system was established in the 1950s, residents were put into two categories, urban and rural, according to where they lived. While urban residents enjoyed relatively better social security as industrial workers, rural residents had to depend on farming for a living. Rural people could obtain urban registration under special circumstances, like entering universities or becoming army officers. This was difficult to achieve, but viewed as a quick way to a better life, especially in the 1970s and 1980s.As the country began to reform, so did the household registration system. The supply of commodities became more abundant on the market, and the difference in welfare of urban and rural residents was narrowed.863计划863 ProgramA government program to stimulate the development of advanced technologies. The figure "863" comes from the fact that it was created in the third month of 1986.Approved by former leader Deng Xiaoping, the program aims at lifting China's own efforts in scientific and technology research as well as in commercializing the benefits of the research. The program's specific plan gives preference to research in biology, information technology, astronautics, laser technology, automation, energy technology, and new materials.A milestone in the history of scientific progress, the program has boosted China's independent research capability, laying a solid foundation for economic and social growth.。
改革开放经典词汇
改革开放30年经典热词回放经济类三农"问题Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural areaA short term for the issues related with agriculture, farmer and rural areaFormally raised by researchers on rural issues in the late 1980s, the issues were regarded as of high importance for the country's economic and social development.两限房House of "Two Limits"The houses with lower prices and limited areasIn May 2006, the State Council required local governments to boost the supply of houses at low and middle prices to ensure the families of modest income could afford them.农村税费改革Rural Tax and Fee ReformA reform in rural areas to ease the financial burden on farmersIn 2000, a pilot program was started in Anhui province under which the agricultural tax rate was cut, other agriculture-related taxes and fees were either written off or merged. It was soon extended to other regions and the agricultural tax was totally done away with in 2006 throughout the country, marking the completion of this reform."三沿"地区开放Opening-up of seashore, river shore andborder areasA policy to open the areas along the coast, along the major inland rivers and those on the country's borderline to foreign investors, stimulating the economic development with their geographic advantages农村土地承包制Rural Land Contract SystemA fundamental economic system in rural areas guaranteeing farmers' rights to land owned by the collectives and the State by signing long-term contracts抓大放小Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small OnesA strategy for reforming the State-owned enterprisesstressing that the major enterprises in key sectors should be supported to gain further development while the smaller ones should compete in the market经济适用房Economical HousingHousing sold at low prices to low-income earners to get them affordable sheltersStarting in 1998, the central government decided to offer favorable policies to housing developers so that they could build apartments of specified sizes and prices.三资企业Foreign-funded enterprisesA term for three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures in ChinaIt includes Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses, and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises.铁饭碗Iron Rice BowlA guaranteed job many Chinese people dreamed of getting during the era of the planned economy菜篮子工程Non-Staple Food ProjectA project initiative to ensure the supply of vegetables, diary, pork and poultry products other than grainsIn 1988, the Ministry of Agriculture started this project against a background that the country could not produce enough non-grain food with rich diversity.西部大开发Western DevelopmentA drive launched by the central government in 2000 to promote social and economic progress in the central and western parts of the country, which are relatively less developed than the rest of the country.又好又快发展Sound and Fast DevelopmentA goal set for China's economic progress that underscores both quality and speedOfficials attending the Central Economic Work Conference in 2005 made "fast and sound" development one of the country's goals. In 2007, president Hu Jintao said the economy must advance in a comprehensive, balanced and sustainable manner by putting "sound" before "fast".小康社会A moderately prosperous societyA blueprint for the development of the society featuring comprehensive improvement in the economy, democracy, science and technology, social culture, and people's lives循环经济Circular EconomyA model for economic growth which aims at environmental protection, pollution prevention and sustainable development社会主义新农村Socialist New CountrysideThe concept first appeared in early 2005 in a major policy paper on rural developmentThe CPC proposed a blueprint for the country's 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-10). It portrays the "new countryside" as featuring "advanced production, a well-to-do life, civilized folkways, a neat look, and democratic management".新型工业化道路New Path of IndustrializationA strategy for industrialization emphasizing reliance on technological progress, improved efficiency in resource and energy utilization, and sustainable economic growth南水北调工程South-to-North Water Diversion ProjectA major project to channel water from the Yangtze River in the southern part of the country to the north through three canalsThe project, considered by the authorities since the 1950s, was formally launched in 2002. With an estimated investment of 486 billion yuan, the three canals will be capable of transferring 44.8 billion cu m of water by 2050.分税制Tax Sharing SystemA policy arrangement between the central government and local governments on collecting and spending of different taxes China started a reform in 1994 to introduce this system and established State taxation administrations as well as local taxation administrations to implement the system.三来一补企业Enterprises of Three Import andCompensation TradeA shorthand for enterprises that process imported raw materials, manufacture products according to imported samples, assemble imported parts and those that repay loans for imported equipments and technologies with products利改税Tax for ProfitsA reform measure requiring State-owned enterprises (SOEs) to pay taxes instead of submitting their profits to the administrationThe State Council introduced this reform in 1983 by levying a 55 percent income tax on medium and large SOEs rather than taking their profits. Other measures soon followed, creating a complete tax scheme to encourage competition.兴边富民行动Program to Revitalize Border Areas and EnrichResidents' LivesA State campaign to boost social and economic development of regions along the land borderlineIn 1998, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission started the program to improve the lives of the ethnic people who comprise 48 percent of the 21 million residents in 135 counties along the borderline.绿色信贷Green CreditA policy to encourage the businesses to observe the rules and regulations about environmental protection with the leverage of bank creditsThe policy requires the commercial banks, when reviewing the application for bank credits, to consider whether the applying businesses have followed the environmental rules.廉租房Low-rent HousingState-owned houses are rented out at modest prices to low-income families who do not have proper housing in the cities.In 1998, the central government required all cities to offer low-rent housing to families with the lowest income before the end of 2006 and the deadline was later changed to the end of 2007.家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract ResponsibilitySystemThe system allows farming households to manage agricultural production on their own initiatives while the farmland remains in the ownership of the rural collective.Started in Xiaogang village in Anhui province in the late 1970s, the system enables farmers to use land through long-term contracts and keep the produce after paying taxes.假日经济Holiday EconomyA popular term to describe the huge public spending during holidays which contributes significantly to economic growth and structural upgradeIn 1999, the State Council decided to extend the public holidays for May Day, National Day and Spring Festival to one week. The holidays became good opportunities for people to travel, shop and generally enjoy themselves.财产性收入Property IncomeEarnings from bank deposits, securities, houses and other personal or family propertiesIn his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2007, General Secretary Hu Jintao stressed, for the first time, that conditions should be created to enable citizens to earn income from their property. Hu's remarks sent the message that China would advance the development of its capital market, enabling investors to share the economic boom.“三步走”战略Three-Step Development StrategyA plan for boosting the economy by hitting three major targets over three different time spansOriginally floated by the central government in 1987, the first step was to double the GDP of 1980 by 1990 and to ensure that most of the population had enough food and clothing. The second step was to double the annual GDP of 1990 by 2000 and ensure that most people were living prosperous lives. The third step is to quadruple the GDP of 2000 by 2020, ensure that most people are living well-off lives and have a fully operational market economy in China.金税工程Golden Tax ProjectThe establishment of a uniform computer network across the country through which taxation authorities at all levels can better serve taxpayersStarted in 1994, the project aims to improve the transparency and efficiency of tax collection and supervision.时政类一国两制One Country, Two SystemsAn idea formally put forward by Deng Xiaoping in the early 1980s to reunify the countryDeng suggested that there should only be one China, but the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, once reunifiedwith the rest of the country, could retain their original economic and political systems while other parts keep pursuing socialism.三通Three Direct LinksShorthand for direct links in post, transportation and trade between the Chinese mainland and TaiwanIn the early 1980s, the central government appealed to the Taiwan authorities for opening "three links". The latter has consistently refused, but had to make concessions in the face of growing cross-Straits exchanges.和谐社会A Harmonious societyA blueprint for social development featuring decent living standards for the majority of people, a tolerant society and peaceful coexistence between the human society and nature The concept was first floated in 2004 and then amplified in October 2006, when the Party set specific goals for building a harmonious society by 2020.大部制Super-Ministry SystemA very recent idea to restructure central governmentoffices so that ministries, commissions and departments of the State Council with similar or overlapping functions can be merged into super-ministries三个代表Three RepresentsFormer CPC General Secretary Jiang Zemin, who was credited with its creation, literally admonished his comrades to "represent the development trend of China's most advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's most advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people".科学发展观Scientific Outlook on DevelopmentA concept initiated by the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2003It stresses a comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development that is people-orientated.双拥Double SupportShorthand for the administrative effort to enhance ties between the army and civilian communitiesIn essence, the expression means local governments andcommon people should support the army and give preferential treatment to the families of service people, particularly those killed while on the job, while soldiers should support the government and love the people.保持党员先进性教育Campaign to Educate Party Members toPreserve Their Vanguard NatureA campaign by the Communist Party of China to educate its members to stick firmly to the principles of the Party and serve the people so as to keep the Party's vigor and leading role in the country.和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful CoexistenceA set of norms governing relations between nations first raised by ChinaPut forward by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1953 during negotiations between China and India, the five principles were originally meant to maintain friendly ties. Under the principles, both sides agreed to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of each other, not to invade the soil of each other, do not interfere in each other's internal affairs, the ties should be equally based, and mutually beneficial for the two countriesto coexist peacefully.社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and DisgraceAn idea put forward to instill a value of moral standards among the public, especially youngsters, in line with Chinese traditional values and modern virtuesThe concept underscores the value of patriotism, consciousness of serving the people, belief in science, hard work, solidarity, honesty, observation of the law and plain living. It condemns the opposite of these virtues as disgraces."三讲" 教育"Three Emphasis" EducationA campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to remind Party officials to pay more attention to theoretical study, improve their political awareness, and be honest and upright党务公开Open Management of Party AffairsAn institutional arrangement for branches of the Communist Party of China (CPC) at all levels to improve transparency爱国统一战线Patriotic United FrontA political union of all socialist laborers, patriots supporting socialism and patriots supporting the unification of China南巡讲话South Tour SpeechesA series of speeches delivered by the late leader Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, during his inspection tour of southern Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai in early 1992实事求是To Seek Truth from FactsA term stresses that facts or practices are the single standard by which to judge whether a theory is valid It is one of the core ideas of the Communist Party of China about socialism with Chinese characteristics.与时俱进Keep Up With the TimesAn expression that has become popular in official documents and speeches, accentuating the need on the part of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to keep pace with the rapid changes that have taken place in society信访Letters and VisitsA special term referring to actions of citizens or institutions to give information, make comments or suggestions and lodge complaints to the special administrative department in charge of receiving them through various forms星火计划Spark ProgramA State effort to popularize modern technologies in the rural areas to stimulate rural development and raise the farmers' income以人为本Put People FirstAn idea of the Communist Party of China (CPC) stresses that boosting the people's interests and development are the purpose of the Party as well as the State两岸直航包机Direct Chartered Flight Across the TaiwanStraitsFlights between designated airports on the Chinese mainland and Taiwan during major Chinese festivals基层群众自治制度System of Community LevelSelf-GovernanceA grassroots democratic system in which rural and urban citizens manage the public affairs in their organizations and communities多党合作和政治协商制度System of Multi-party Cooperationand Political ConsultationA basic political system in China under which the Communist Party of China (CPC), as the party in power, consults all non-Communist parties and representatives of non-party personages to reach a common understanding before taking major decisions依法治国Rule of LawA fundamental principle of governance that stresses that the country should be administered in accordance with the law民主集中制Democratic CentralismA principle of organization in the Communist Party of China (CPC) as well as in the country's political life, stressing both democracy and centralism政企分开Separate Government Functions from EnterpriseManagementAn effort to draw a clear line between the roles of the administration and of the businesses农转非Change From Rural Residents to Urban ResidentsA change in the residential status of people under the household registration system863计划863 ProgramA government program to stimulate the development of advanced technologies. The figure "863" comes from the fact that it was created in the third month of 1986社会类蛤蟆镜goggles太阳镜的一种，流行于上世纪80年代初以后，由于其夸张的造型而被戏称为“蛤蟆镜”。
改革开放三十年英语素材
改革开放三十年(30)年英文范文英文素材（二）China's reform and opening-up 'very successful': V olkswagen former director(Xinhua)China's three decades of successful reform and opening-up demonstrates that a country can enjoy sustainable development without copying Western models, said the first German vice chairman of Shanghai V olkswagen."Today, China attracts more attention from many newly industrializing countries, because it has demonstrated another successful development model that is different from the West," Martin Posth told Xinhua in a recent interview.The former automaker executive first came to China in November 1984 to visit a Chinese car company in Shanghai that had signed a joint venture contract with V olkswagen.After seeing Chinese workers hammering iron sheets in rundown workshops, Posth grew doubtful how that plant could ever produce cars. But at that time, Shanghai was the only place in China that could mass produce cars, though productivity remained stagnant.In 1978, China decided to develop its own car industry and began to seek foreign partners. Major carmakers like General Motors, Ford, Toyota and V olkswagen sent delegations to China for negotiations on possible joint ventures.In the end, V olkswagen was chosen as a partner and a joint venture with China, Shanghai V olkswagen, was established in 1985.There were great challenges ahead at the time, Posth said, but he remained confident about China's potential.Posth said he could feel the determination of the people who were expecting reforms in China and that made him willing to help out. Once the country stepped onto the right track, the Chinese people was able to achieve great success, Posth said."People worked hard year by year and we can see those improvements." he said.Posth left China in 1988 with Shanghai V olkswagen on the right track.Twenty years later, Shanghai V olkswagen, China's first joint-venture car company, produced its 4 millionth car, setting a record in China's auto industry.Posth said China still faces a great number of challenges such as the gap between rich and poor, an aging populace, and conflicts between energy utilization and environmental protection."To solve these problems, the Chinese government must do a lot of tough work," Posth said.。
英文怎么翻译“改革开放三十年来,...
英文怎么翻译“改革ing-up over the past 30 years,our country securities market development is rapid,especially for large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises of plete stock reform,China marked the market economy is entering is increasingly perfect and rapid development track.But any listed pany associated business problem gradually highlights,and for the institutional reasons listed panies in China affiliate transaction has its particularity and plexity,such as using affiliate transaction whitewash performance,output profits,big shareholders occupy money for tax evasion,tax avoidance,the harm seriously affected our country securities market of the healthy and orderly development.This paper will shallow current Chinese listed pany affiliate transaction status and influence,and on how to perfect the relevant supervision mechani ... Suggestions
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今天，八卦还有另外一个含义，就是指在娱乐圈中，非正式的小道消息或者是某个明星的隐私等新闻。如某某明星又走光穿帮啦，某导和某演员又有一腿啦。而刊登这样的消息的报刊杂志就叫做“八卦报纸”或者“八卦杂志”。
其实，无论是保安、现代镖局和保镖，都是政府减负的产物、产业化改革的产物。在计划经济的极左年代，政府大包大揽，无论是医疗、教育、治安都由政府全包揽下来了。这既养成了一些人的寄生虫思想，又不能够优化配置社会资源，还极大地占用了政府的有限资金，不能够落实到高薪养廉上来。于是就把一些小治安问题进行了产业化改革，让社会力量来投资治安，谁投资，谁受益，谁安全。
选秀 talent show /talent-search show
(NBA的选秀叫做draft，但和这种真人秀reality TV show 显然不是一回事)
选秀之举早已有之，比如各种文娱大赛、NBA选秀等等，但现在这个词多指超级女声、快乐男声、我型我秀、加油好男儿、红楼梦、春姑娘等各种电视真人秀比赛。选秀不在结果，而在运作过程中的商业价值。
高考 college (or university) entrance examination
高考改变了很多人、尤其是很多年轻人的命运，1978年恢复高考后，高等教育的发展进入轨道。当高考竞争愈来愈激烈时，就出现了高考移民(当然这也和户籍制度有关系)。
高考移民 NCEE migrant
红包 convert payment; (neutral)red paper containing money as a gift, (derogative) bribe, kickback
红包，大概是来源于广东。广东人在喜庆的日子里都喜欢送红包，以示吉祥。例如某人喜结良缘，那么贺客就会给主人送上一个红包。送得最多的是过年，大人要给小孩子送红包，这里的大人是指已经结婚的人，小孩子就是未结婚的人。这个红包大概跟北方的“压岁钱”差不多。不过压岁钱是家长放在孩子的枕头底的，而广东人的红包是用一张红纸包起来，现在进步了，有了现成的红包了。
跳槽 job-hopping
跳槽，就是指调换工作。至于为什么叫做“跳槽”，我想大概是与马有关的，马在马棚吃草的地方叫马槽，马有时不在自己的马槽里吃草，到别的马槽里吃草叫跳槽。换个工作，就叫做跳槽了。跳槽者 job-hopper。
原来，在计划经济时代，人们是不能够随便跳槽的，单位把人死死地束缚着，不少人甚至一辈子都在一个厂子里干到退休。你想要跳槽换个单位，难度可高了，两个单位和两地人事局之间，要跑好多次才能办妥手续。
今天，人民群众无论走到那里，都可以看到保安，到处都有安全感啊！
名片 business card
改革开放之初，和香港商人会面，对方递上名片，受宠若惊的双手接过，还尴尬地想到自己还没有这个玩意，然后把这小纸片很当一回事地收起来。这大概是很多领导都经历过的事情。名片这小纸片，写着某某人的姓名、官衔等等。有一年春节晚会，好象是黄虹表演了一个节目，两个候车的旅客，无聊之际，就用手中的名片来作牌，斗了一番。这个出张科长，那个就用处长去打；这个出四个总经理，那个就甩出四个董事长！
发廊 hair salon
发廊的出现，好像很突然。就好像小学生的作文：在大好春风之下，如雨后春笋般长出来了！
发廊的一个特点是小，不像理发店那样一大排高大古老的理发椅，一般就是三两个人的小门面。当然，也有很大的发廊，但人家也一般的不叫发廊了，而叫做什么发艺城之类的。
发廊的另一个特点是营业时间长，由于产权是明晰的，所以积极性大大提高，晚上营业极大地方便了人民群众。也有一些发廊工作积极性过于高，通宵营业，以至于有关部门要发出指令，营业时间不得超过凌晨两点！
The term ‘NCEE migrant’ refers to students who covertly leave their hometowns and immigrate to other places a few days before the NCEE in order to get bonus points or be in a less competitive environment. When found out, they are penalized for undermining the fairness of the NCEE. “高考移民”是指基于获取加分和规避竞争等目的，高考前从就学地点迁往其它地点报名参加考试的学生，这些人因破坏高考的公平性，成绩往往不被认可。
保安，保镖 security staff, security guard, body guard
第一次知道保安，是在先进文化的阵地－－南方周末上看到的，记者先生们以敏锐的眼光看到了这一新鲜事物，并对之进行了热情的讴歌。记者先生特别描写了一个女保安－－小姑娘穿着崭新漂亮的制服，一身的威严。
驴友 Donkey Friends
当人们有了闲钱，就会开始对广袤自然的探索之心。该词其实是“旅友”，就是热爱户外运动的人。据说起源于新浪论坛，因“驴”和“旅”谐音，故而把音念转。驴友们通常自己组织、集体行动(也有喜欢单独行动的)、自负责任。
人肉搜索 Cyber Manhunt
发廊的第三个特点是服务的多样化。理发店的服务相对简单，只是理发电发刮胡子。发廊的服务是多种多样的，例如按摩服务，理发店是没有的，当然这个按摩是肩部以上的。有的发廊的服务非常人性化，例如下跪式服务，让顾客有上帝般的感觉。
发廊的第四个特点是广，这也很方便人民群众。
发廊又产生了“发廊妹”一词。像很多地方，发廊都是成片经营的，“发廊妹”们看上去很美，是一道风景。
装修 decoration
以前，限于条件，所谓的装修，都是简单，甚至说是简陋的，或者根本就没有，也就是扫扫石灰水或者用白纸糊糊墙。90年代，随着人民生活水平的提高，装修也就进入了生活。
不同时期，装修的潮流也不同，例如有一个时期，流行装天花，于是大家都装天花板了，后来有的人家的天花板就成了老鼠的运动场；有一个时期流行用木质的墙裙，大家也一窝蜂的装墙裙，结果数年后有的人家就给白蚁蛀上了。各种潮流都引领风骚三两年，精明的人当然是根据自己的需要而设计装修的方案，不去盲目地跟风。
改革开放，招商引资，一些港商在事情办妥后，都喜欢给办事的人送上个小小的红《周易》中的八种基本图形。八卦起源于原始宗教的占卜。《易传》作者认为八卦主要象征天、地、雷、风、水、火、山、泽八种自然现象，每卦又象征多种事物，并认为“乾”、“坤”两卦在“八卦”中占特别重要的地位，是自然界和人类社会一切现象的最初根源，八卦，具有朴素唯物主义因素。
和网络搜索相对的词语，即指网民们发挥自身力量以及周围群众力量，根据网络上发帖人提供的信息，人搜人、人找人，最终将某一人或某几人从茫茫人海中揪出水面。堪称21世纪嘴彪悍的搜索引擎。
“四有” 新人 New Generation with “Four Qualifications”
所有刚上学的人都要接受的教育；做个有文化，有理想，有道德，有纪律的四有新人，由邓小平同志在1985年提出，乃教育准则之一。但似乎今天在教育在朝着“有分数、有特长(琴棋书画等)”两有新人发展。
还听说小学生们也大派名片了，写上“班长”“学委”之类的官名。
粉丝 fans
对于追星的人的称呼，是英文fans(复数，单数为fan)的英译。如今各种星漫天飞，歌星，影星，电视剧明星，广告明星，体育明星，政治明星……粉丝群也是无孔不入，自从这个词出现后，地球上的人基本上就可以分为两类，追星的和不追星的，或者粉丝和非粉丝。