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改革开放四十年热词英文

改革开放四十年热词英文

改革开放四十年热词1.改革开放reform and opening-up2.家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract Responsibility System3.解放思想,实事求是Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts4.绿皮车green train5.高考national college entrance exam6.经济特区special economic zone7.五讲四美三热爱five emphases, four points of beauty and three loves8.一国两制one country, two systems9.小康社会A moderately prosperous society10.冲出亚洲走向世界Out of Asia, into the world11.麦乳精malted milk12. 下海venture into business, jump into the business world13.个体户self- employed entrepreneur14.万元户ten- thousand- yuan household15.倒爷profiteer/ wheeler- dealer16.“三农”问题issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area17.“女排精神” patriotic women' s volleyball spirit18.麦丽素Mylikes19.跳跳糖Pop Rocks20.辣条spicy gluten21.铁饭碗Iron rice Bowl22.喇叭裤flared trousers,bel- bottomed pants23.蝙蝠衫batwing- sleeved blouse/batwing blouse24.蛤蟆镜aviator sunglasses25.健美裤fitness tights26.大背头pompadour/ /slicked- back hair27.大哥大GSM mobile telephone28.呼拉圈hula hoop29.春晚Spring Festival gala30.收录机radio cassette recorder31.BP机(寻呼机) Beep Pager32.交谊舞ballroom dancing33.相亲(盲约) blind date34.爆炸头Afro35.迷你裙miniskirt36.唱Karaoke singing37.蹦迪disco dancing38.南方谈话south tour speeches39.发展才是硬道理Development is the absolute principle40.下岗再就业re- employment after being laid off41.小灵通PHS( Personal Handyphone System)42.农民工migrant workers43.大款tycoon/ fat cat44.黄金周Golden Week45.依法治国rule of law46.西部大开发Western Development47.三个代表Three Represents48.入世entry to the WTO49.南水北调工程South-to- North Water Diversion Project50.钉子户“ dingzihu"/nail house51.粉丝fans52.坡跟鞋wedge heels53.上网surfing the Internet54.网络文学online literature55.齐刘海neat bang56.杀马特发型shamate hairstyle57.千禧一代millennials58.博客bog59.(论坛)潜水lurk60.选秀talent show61.“超女” super gir l ( Super Girl Contest)62.科学发展观scientific outlook on development63.八荣八耻eight- honor and eight- shame64.草根grass- roots65.黄牛(票贩子)( ticket) scalper66.同一个世界,同一个梦想One World One Dream67.广场舞square dancing68.电子竞技e- sports69.健身workout/going to the gym70.摩托大军motorcycle ride71.房奴mortgage slave72.高铁high- speed train73. 双11 Double 11/singles' Day74.裸婚naked marriage75.剩男剩女leftover men and women76.异地恋long- distance relationship77.快递员deliveryman78.积分落户point- based household registration79.中国梦Chinese dream80.人类命运共同体a community with a shared future for mankind81.反腐anti- corruption82.精准扶贫targeted poverty alleviation83.雾霾smog84.点赞give a like85.转发forward/ repost86.网红online celebrity87.代购daigou/purchasing agent88.土豪nouveau riche( new rich) rich guy89.富二代rich second generation/ silver- spoon kid90.异地高考To sit NCEE locally91.舌尖上的中国a bite of china92.自由贸易试验区free trade pilot zone93.自拍selfie94.自媒体We-Meda95.男闺蜜bromeo96.经济适用男女budget husband/wife97.脸基尼Facekini98.脑残粉fangirl/fanboy99.朝阳群众residents of Chaoyang district100.“单独二胎”政策Two- child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single child family101.游学overseas study tour102.“一带一路” the Belt and Road103.新中装new Chinese- style outfits104.APEC蓝APEC blue105.新常态new normal106.沪港通Shanghai- Hong Kong Stock Connect107. 中国制造2025 Made in china2025108.获得感sense of benefit109.移动支付mobile payment110.低头族phubber111.网络主播livestreaming host112.四个全面Four Comprehensives113. IP剧intellectual property adapted films or TV series114.HPV疫苗vaccine for the human papilloma virus115.不忘初心stay true to the mission116.人民币“入篮” RMB incl usion in the SDR/ Renminbi joins SDR117.二维码支付wo- dimension barcode payment118.共享单车bicycle sharing119.网约车online car- hailing/ride- hailing120.吃瓜群众the people who are kept in the dark121.定个小目标set a small goal122.厉害了我的哥My brother, you're really something/you rock!123.洪荒之力prehistoric power124.友谊的小船the ship of friendship125.北京瘫Beijing repose126.撸起袖子加油干Roll up our sleeves to work harder127.雄安新区Xiongan New Area128.共享经济the sharing economy129.互联网+ the Internet Plus model130.人工智能artificial intelligence131.平台经济the platform economy132.供给侧结构性改革supply- side structural reform133.厕所革命toilet revolution134.全面两孩政策all couples can now have two children135.工匠精神the spirit of workmanship136.蓝天保卫战the fight to defend the blue of our skies137.“双一流” world- class universities and world- class disciplines 138.虚拟现实virtual reality139.网络直播live streaming140.电动平衡车electric self- balancing scooter141.无人驾驶汽车autonomous/self- driving vehicle142.双创mass entrepreneurship and innovation143.创二代second generation entrepreneur144.中国国际进口博览会China International Import Expo （GIIE）145.店小二servant146.教科书式textbook47. 官宣officially announce/official announcement148.佛系Buddhist- style149.霸座take other's seat and refuse to leave150.港珠澳大桥Hong Kong- Zhuhai- Macao Bridge。

改革开放30年经典热词最新英语翻译

改革开放30年经典热词最新英语翻译

今天，八卦还有另外一个含义，就是指在娱乐圈中，非正式的小道消息或者是某个明星的隐私等新闻。如某某明星又走光穿帮啦，某导和某演员又有一腿啦。而刊登这样的消息的报刊杂志就叫做“八卦报纸”或者“八卦杂志”。
其实，无论是保安、现代镖局和保镖，都是政府减负的产物、产业化改革的产物。在计划经济的极左年代，政府大包大揽，无论是医疗、教育、治安都由政府全包揽下来了。这既养成了一些人的寄生虫思想，又不能够优化配置社会资源，还极大地占用了政府的有限资金，不能够落实到高薪养廉上来。于是就把一些小治安问题进行了产业化改革，让社会力量来投资治安，谁投资，谁受益，谁安全。
选秀 talent show /talent-search show
(NBA的选秀叫做draft，但和这种真人秀reality TV show 显然不是一回事)
选秀之举早已有之，比如各种文娱大赛、NBA选秀等等，但现在这个词多指超级女声、快乐男声、我型我秀、加油好男儿、红楼梦、春姑娘等各种电视真人秀比赛。选秀不在结果，而在运作过程中的商业价值。
高考 college (or university) entrance examination
高考改变了很多人、尤其是很多年轻人的命运，1978年恢复高考后，高等教育的发展进入轨道。当高考竞争愈来愈激烈时，就出现了高考移民(当然这也和户籍制度有关系)。
高考移民 NCEE migrant
红包 convert payment; (neutral)red paper containing money as a gift, (derogative) bribe, kickback
红包，大概是来源于广东。广东人在喜庆的日子里都喜欢送红包，以示吉祥。例如某人喜结良缘，那么贺客就会给主人送上一个红包。送得最多的是过年，大人要给小孩子送红包，这里的大人是指已经结婚的人，小孩子就是未结婚的人。这个红包大概跟北方的“压岁钱”差不多。不过压岁钱是家长放在孩子的枕头底的，而广东人的红包是用一张红纸包起来，现在进步了，有了现成的红包了。

社会政治和经济类热点词汇翻译总结

社会政治和经济类热点词汇翻译总结

Deepening reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics建设有中国特色的社会主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic points 一个中心，两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇，深化改革，wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be benefic ial to enhancing the overall strength of the country是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising people’s living standard是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Reform measures 改革措施Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资金，先进技术和managerial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制Special administrative region 特别行政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制to the householdNarrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数A verage price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STA TE-OWNED PROPERTY国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系and operation of State assetsReform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学management and adopting scientific managementRegulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seek self-development 自我约束and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic management Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economyConcentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁，承包经营和出售and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的，放活小的policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprisesStrengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制the inferiorEnjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权in export independentlyProtect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release smallenterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司，国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业，合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司，企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团，综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并V ertical acquisition 纵向收购V ertical merger 纵向兼并V ertical consolidation 纵向合并V ertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查，市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’equity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return on Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表INCOME STA TEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减：销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue减：销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales减：管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加：其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加：投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Y ears利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减：所得税Deduct: Income Tax净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表CONSOLIDA TED BALANCE SHEET资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-term Receivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets 原值Original Coat减：累计折旧Deduct: AccumulatedDepreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Construction in-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities & Equity BALANCE SHEET 资产负债表ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Prop.,Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Economic经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制，经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济Enterprise企业Entrepreneur 企业家Enterpreneurial 企业家的enterpreneurial courage 企业家的胆略enterpreneurial spirit 企业家精神Enterprise 企业backbone enterprise 骨干企业central enterprises 中央企业collectively-owned enterprises 集体企业combined enterprise 联合企业enterprise accounting 企业会计enterprise development fund 企业发展基金enterprise law 企业法enterprises’management mechanisms 企业管理机制foreign-funded enterprises 外资企业large and medium-size enterprises 大中型企业local enterprises 地方企业modern enterprise system 现代企业制度money-lossing enterprises 亏损企业state-owned enterprises 国有企业township enterprises 乡镇企业Accountant会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 注册会计师chief accountant 总会计师cost accountant 成本会计certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师Accounting会计，会计学accounting classification 会计科目分类accounting cycle 会计周期accounting equation 会计方程式accounting firm 会计事务所accounting information 会计信息accounting principles for business enterprise 企业会计原则accounting statement 会计报表accounting system 会计系统accounting year 会计年度accrual basis accounting 权责发生制会计方法记帐cash basis accounting 现金会计方法记帐All-purpose financial statement 通用财务报表American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 美国注册会计师协会（AICPA) certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师annual accounting 年度决算annual audit 年度审计annual balance sheet 年终决算表annual budget 年度预算annual financial report 年度财务报告annual summary 年度汇总表summary balance sheet 资产负债汇总表Audit审计annual audit 年度审计audit certificate 审计证书Audit Law 审计法audit of financial statement 财务报表审计external audit 外部审计legally required audit 法定审计Auditing firm 审计公司Auditor 审计师Account帐户，会计科目accounting classification 会计科目分类account balance 帐户余额account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款accumulation account 累积帐户assets account 资产帐户bank account 银行帐户capital account 资本帐户cash account 现金帐户checking account 支票帐户clearing account 清算帐户，结算帐户commission account 佣金帐户cost account 成本帐户deposit account 存款帐户doubtful account 可疑帐户equity account 股本帐户expenses account 开支帐户foreign currency account 外汇帐户frozen account 冻结帐户group account 集团帐户inventory account 存货帐户investment account 投资帐户journal account 日记帐ledger account 分类帐帐户liability account 负债帐户overdrawn account 透支帐户property account 财产帐户savings account 储蓄帐户accrued expenses payable 应计未付费用accrued income 应计收入accrued interest on bonds 应计债券利息accrued interest on investment 应计投资利息accured interest patable 应计未付利息accrued liability 应计负债accrued profit 应计利润accrued taxes 应计税款accumulated amount 累计额accumulated earnings 累计收益accumulated funds 公积金accumulated net income 累计净收益accumulated profit 累计利润accumulating capital 累计资本accumulating losses 累计损失Acid ratio 流动比率actual assets 实际资产actual cash value 实际现金价值actual capital 实际资本actual cost 实际成本actual depreciation 实际折旧actual value 实际价值Adjusted 调整后的adjusted acquisition cost 调整后购置成本adjusted base 调整后基数adjusted book balance 调整后的帐面余额adjusted gross income 调整后的净收入adjusted net profit 调整后的净利润Adjustment 调整adjustment account 调整帐户Advance 预付advance account 预付帐户advance charge 预付费用advance payment 预先付款advance received 暂收款Allocated cost 已分摊成本Allocated cost of fixed assts 固定资产折旧Allocation 分配，分摊allocation of market 市场分配allocation of purchase price 购置价格分摊（指成套设备）allocation of quota 配额分配allocation of resources 资源分配allocation of shares 股金分配allocation optimum 最优配置allocations to accounting periods 会计期间内的分摊Allotment 拨款Amendment 修改amendment of register 变更登记American Society of Appraisers (ASA) 美国评估师协会Amortization 摊销，摊还amortization fund 偿债基金amortization of bond issued expense 债券发行费摊销amortization of fixed asset 固定资产摊销amortization of loan 分期偿还贷款amortization schedule 摊销表Amount 数量，总额，合计amount guaranteed 担保额amount of investment 投资额amount of sales 销售额financial statement analysis财务报表分析analysis of assets changes 资产变动分析analysis of balance sheet 资产负债表分析balance sheet evaluation 资产负债表评价analysis of business profit 企业利润分析analysis of capital changes 资本变动分析analysis of changes in financial position 财务状况变动分析balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet audit 资产负债表审计balance sheet classification 资产负债表分类certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表analysis of variance 方差分析gross profit analysis 毛利分析investment analysis 投资分析market analysis 市场分析macro analysis 微观分析qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析ratio analysis 比率分析return analysis 回报分析sales analysis 销售分析Analytical model 分析模型bad account 坏帐，呆帐bad debt loss 坏帐损失bad debt recovey 呆坏帐收回bad title 失效产权Balance 余额，结余，差额，平衡adverse balance 收支逆差balance budget 平衡预算balance of international trade 国际贸易差额balance of payment 国际收支closing balance 期末差额credit balance 贷方余额foreign currency balance 外汇余额keep balance 保持平衡loss balance 失去平衡negative balance 逆差retained balance from foreign exchange revenue 外汇收入留成余额book depreciation 帐面折旧book-entry securities 记帐证券book inventory 帐面库存book of account 帐簿book profit 帐面利润book value per share 每股帐面价值Cash 现金cash account 现金帐户cash assets 现金资本cash audit 现金审计cash balance 现金余额cash equivalent 视同库存现金cash flow analysis 现金流量分析cash in bank 银行现金cash in hold 库存现金cash payment 现金支付cash purchase 现金购买cash transaction 现金交易free cash flows 活动现金流Certified 注册的，合格的certified appraiser 注册评估师certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified mortgage 证实抵押finance charges 财务费用Classification 分类，科目classification item 分类项目classification of accounts 帐户分类classification of assets 资产分类classification of property 财产分类classification schemes 分类表Classified 分成类的classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表classified depreciation 分类折旧coding of account 帐户代码coding of assets 资产代码Closing 结算，结帐，收盘closing account 结帐，结算closing cost 成交价closing inventory 期末存货Consolidated 合并的，综合的consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表consolidated financial statement 合并决算表consolidated income statement 合并损益表，综合损益表consolidated profit and loss statement 汇总损益表consolidated retained earning 合并留存收益consolidated statement 汇总报表Cost 成本，费用acquisition cost 购置成本actual cost 实际成本anticipated cost method 预期成本法average cost 平均成本borrowing- cost 借债成本carrying cost 维持成本cost account 成本帐户cost accounting 成本会计cost allocation 成本分摊cost analysis 成本分析cost and benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的成本法cost control 成本控制cost distribution 成本分摊cost free 免费cost method 成本法cost objective 成本目标cost of capital 资金成本cost of investment 投资成本cost of management 管理费cost of marketing 营销成本cost of replacement 重置成本法cost of reproduction less depreciation 重置成本减折旧cost of sales 销售成本cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost-effectiveness 成本效益cost-of-living index 生活费指数cost plus 成本加价indirect cost 间接成本marginal cost 边际成本material cost 材料成本opportunity cost 机会成本ordering cost 订货成本sunk costs 沉没成本variable costs 变动成本。

改革30年重要词汇

改革30年重要词汇

踏上了改革开放的历史征程：embarked on the historic journey of reform. and opening-up进取精神：a pioneering spirit波澜壮阔的创新实践：making bold innovation综合国力：overall national strength高度集中的计划经济体制：centralized planned economy社会主义市场经济体制：socialist market economy封闭半封闭国家：a closed and semi-closed country温饱不足：lacking basic living necessities世界多极化不可逆转：multipolarity is irreversible立足中国国情，顺应时代潮流：based on China's realities and in keeping with the trend of our times不干涉别国内部事务：not interfere in other countries' internal affairs不把自己的意志强加于人：not impose its own will on others奉行防御性国防政策，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张: to follow a defense policy that is defensive in nature and never seek hegemony or expansion对中国而言，今年是一个具有特殊意义的年份。

３０年前，在邓小平先生倡导和带领下，中国人民毅然决然地踏上了改革开放的历史征程。

这是中国在新的历史条件下进行的新的伟大革命。

This year is of special significance to China. Thirty years ago, underthe leadership of Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese people resolutely emba rkedon the historic journey of reform. and opening-up, an initiative takenby Deng Xiaoping. It started a great new revolution in China under thenew historical circumstances.斗转星移，春来秋去，转眼间３０年过去了。

改革开放30年流行语固定英文译法

改革开放30年流行语固定英文译法

改革开放30年流行语固定英文译法30年流行语固定英文译法：“倒爷”：profiteer或wheeler-dealer“五好家庭”：Five Virtues Family“万元户”：ten-thousand-yuan household“大哥大”：GSM mobile telephone“喇叭裤”：bell-bottomed trousers“交谊舞”：ballroom dancing“蛤蟆镜”：goggles“菜篮子工程”：Non-Staple Food Project“铁饭碗”：Iron Rice Bowl“ 高考移民”：NCEE migrant（National College Entrance Examination migrant）“选秀”：talent show /talent-search show“保持党员先进性教育”：Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard Nature“抓大放小”：Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones “…三农‟问题”：Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area“小康社会”：a moderately prosperous society至于当前正流行的“山寨”应该怎么译，目前似乎尚无确定的说法。

所谓“山寨”，其核心含义就是名牌产品的冒牌。

根据一些在华外国友人对目前正在走红的“山寨”现象所进行的评论，“山寨”在英语中大致可以表达为rip-off world class brands。

由于“山寨”产品大多质量较差，因此又有人称其为something is kind of a poorly done, low-class approximation of another thing。

热点词汇英文

热点词汇英文
城镇调查失业率
the surveyed urban unemployment rate
农村承包地“三权”分置改革
reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, an use rights
河长制、湖长制
the river chief and lake chief systems
债券通
the Bond Connect
居住证制度
a residence card system
全面两孩政策
all couples can now have two children
黄标车
high-emission vehicles
“三严三实”
the Three Stricts and Three Earnests
共享经济
the sharing economy
“互联网+”
the Internet Plus model
“双创”
business startups and innovation
简政放权
streamline administration and delegate powers
"一带一路"
the Belt and Road Initiative
专项再贷款
targeted re-lending
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side structural reform
“三去一降一补”
cut overcapacity, reduce excess inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and strengthen areas of weakness

改革开放30年经典热词——社会类

改革开放30年经典热词——社会类

改革开放30年经典热词回放－社会类蛤蟆镜goggles蛤蟆镜其实就是太阳镜的一种，流行于上世纪80年代初以后，由于其夸张的造型而被戏称为“蛤蟆镜”。

改革开放初期，国门打开，社会复苏，人们的生活在不知不觉中发生着变化。

蛤蟆镜等装扮动摇了中国人数十年的整齐划一和单调乏味，成了年轻人流行文化里最初的冒险，“引领时代新潮流”。

交谊舞ballroom dancing流行于上世纪80年代初，当时，全国各大城市均出现在公园、广场等公共场所男女青年自发聚集跳交谊舞的现象。

喇叭裤bell-bottomed pants; flare trousers因裤形似喇叭而得名。

它的特点是：低腰短裆，紧裹臀部；裤腿上窄下宽，从膝盖以下逐渐张开，裤口的尺寸明显大于膝盖的尺寸，形成喇叭状。

我国上世纪80年代最流行的装束。

大哥大GSM mobile telephone“大哥大”源于粤港人称呼帮会头目之谐语，后成为手提电话的俗称。

“大哥大”只流行于手提电话初面世那几年，之后改称“手机”。

BP机（寻呼机）Beep Pager1983年，上海开通国内第一家寻呼台，BP机进入中国。

从BP机开始的即时通信，将人们带入了没有时空距离的年代，时时处处可以被找到，大大加速了人们的生活、工作效率，但也让人无处可藏。

人们对它爱恨交加，但已离不开它。

万元户ten- thousand-yuan household是指家庭存款在10000元以上的，称之为万元户。

这个词是在70年代末产生的，那个年代万元户是个相当了不得的。

万元户年代的1万元可以买到很多的东西(米价0.14元，肉价0.95元)可以想到1万元是个什么概念。

不过现在代好了，人们的收入增加了，这个词已经成了历史概念。

五好家庭Five Virtues Family (outstanding in such five aspects as law-abiding, diligent study, family planning, domestic harmony, and industrious and thrifty management of the household)从1985年开始，全国各地大兴“五好家庭”评选活动。

改革开放30年来社会流行的新词新语及其规范化(1).

改革开放30年来社会流行的新词新语及其规范化(1).

改革开放３０年来社会流行的新词新语及其规范化(1)摘要:改革开放30年来，随着我国社会政治、经济、文化以及人们的思想观念、生活方式等方面的日益快速的变化和更新，大量反映新事物、新观念的新词新语逐渐涌现并流行起来，遍及社会生活的各个领域。

本文试从新词新语的界定、来源及其规范化原则等几个方面论述新词新语及其规范化问题。

关键词:改革开放；新词新语；规范化改革开放30年来，社会发生了巨大的变化。

伴随社会开放程度的日益提高，以及人们意识文化形态的不断更新，大量新事物、新思想、新潮流逐渐涌现。

语言折射社会发展的轨迹，因此作为社会一面镜子的语言也在不断地推陈出新，大量新词新语如洪流般涌现，并在日常生活中逐渐得以广泛接受和使用，形成了一种引人注目的社会文化现象。

一、新词新语的界定及来源在人们的日常生活中，在每一个特定的历史阶段都会出现一些反映当时事物与现象的词语，这些词语在当时特定的阶段都曾被列入新词新语行列。

随着时代的发展和人们认识的逐渐变化，一些当时的新兴词语逐渐退出历史舞台甚至消失，也有些后来成为普通词语。

那么，如何界定新词新语呢？所谓新词新语，也叫“新生代词语”或“新新词语”，是指近年来产生的能够反映新时期、新观念及新事物的词语。

最早观察分析新词新语的吕叔湘、陈原先生曾明确地指出：“新词新语既包括不久之前产生，其含义、色彩和表现形式都给人们以新颖感的那种词语，也包括旧有词语的新义项、新用法。

”因此，我们可以把新词新语理解成为在最近几年到十几年之间产生的能够反映新时期、新观念及新事物的词语。

新词新语的来源很广泛，基本包括下面几个方面： 1.外借词改革开放30以来,随着我国国内与国外联系的日益频繁,汉语也在不断地从外族语言中吸收有生命力的成分来丰富自己。

例如：克隆、托福、卡通等等。

以往借用外来词语，大体分为意译（如“人权（human right）”、“软饮料（soft drink）”、音译(如“克隆(clone)”、“伊妹儿(E-mail)”)、音译兼意译(如“因特网(Internet)”、“迷你裙(mini skirt)”、“T恤衫(T shirt)”)几类。

在改革开放30年的历程中的流行语

在改革开放30年的历程中的流行语

在改革开放30年的历程中，我们的生活里出现了非常多的流行词语。

这些流行语，无不反映出社会的变迁和冲击人们生活的新事物、新事件、新观念新老三件从上世纪80年代的黑白电视机、电冰箱和摩托车，到上世纪90年代的彩电、计算机和手机，再到21世纪，结婚已经不仅要准备“三件”，房子和车子也成为必备品。

漂亮的婚纱、专业的婚庆服务、高档的婚宴酒店成为婚礼中不可或缺的元素。

另外，如今的“中国式结婚”不仅房子、车子、全套家具电器备齐，还有旅行结婚、海滩婚礼、童话婚礼等种种新奇项目，而三十年前以自行车、手表、缝纫机为聘礼或嫁妆的结婚“老三件”，逐渐成了人们遥远的记忆。

下海“下海”一词是在中国刚开放时的用词，意思就是做生意。

也含有风险的意思。

改革开放之初，市场经济开始繁荣，一个新的自由空间正在出现。

一些人，主要是政府机关人员、企事业单位工作人员等放弃在传统体制内的位置，转而到这一新的空间里创业经商、谋求发展，这样的行为被称作“下海,”“下海了吗”几乎成了人们见面时的寒暄语万元户万元户的出现，得益于中国的改革开放政策。

1979年，邓小平同志提出“让一部分农民先富起来”的思想。

此后，党对农村政策和城市政策作了较大调整。

在农村，推行农业承包责任制。

一些农户靠个人或全家的埋头苦干，加上懂技术善经营，迅速成为农村致富的“尖子”。

在城镇，企业实行层层承包，按劳分配。

一批接一批的城里人或迫于生计压力，或为了实现人生价值，纷纷“下海”，从事个体工商业或者开公司。

分个体经营者通过勤劳致富，率先成为万元户，万元户由此而来下岗下岗职工问题最早出现于1990年代初期，当时还不叫下岗，有的地方叫“停职留薪”，有的地方叫“厂内待业”，有的叫“放长假”“两不找”等等。

90年代中后期，下岗职工问题作为一种社会经济现象开始突显，并且引起社会各方面普通的广泛关注。

下岗职工问题集中在这个时期出现，是中国经济发展多年积累的深层次矛盾的综合反映。

具体分析主要有以下几个方面的原因。

时政热词英文翻译

时政热词英文翻译

反腐：anti-corruption“两个一百年”奋斗目标：Two Centenary Goals全面二孩政策：universal two-child policy全面建成小康社会：comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society 全面深化改革：comprehensively deepen reform全面依法治国：comprehensively implement the rule of law全面从严治党：comprehensively strengthen Party discipline三严三实：Three Stricts and Three Steadies丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路：the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road四个全面：Four Comprehensives“四个全面”战略布局：Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy一带一路（规划）：The Belt and Road (Initiatives)中高速增长：medium-high economic growth中国经济新常态：China's New Normal中国梦：the Chinese Dream中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年纪念日：the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-fascist War中华民族的伟大复兴：the great renewal of the Chinese nation中华民族伟大复兴中国梦：the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation。

改革开放以来流行词语doc

改革开放以来流行词语doc

改革开放以来，伴随着一句句流行词语，我们感受着30年的变迁和进程。

第一阶段：思想上的拨乱反正，体现了一个“破”字［实践是检验真理的唯一标准］它是针对“两个凡是”提出来的。

随着这一观念的确立，中国人民得到两种最为宝贵的财富：一是务实作风，恢复实事求是的优良传统；二是解放思想，敢于打破各种不利于改革的禁锢。

［平反］命运被扭曲的人们终于得到一个说法，国家、民族遭受的苦难终于被遏止。

平反，这个沉甸甸的令人悲喜交集的词，拉开了改革开放新时期的大幕。

［包产到户］18双长满老茧的大手举起了挑战人民公社僵化体制的大旗，黎明的曙光让八亿农民看到了希望。

中国的第二次革命又走了一条“农村包围城市的道路”。

［万元户］是指在“先富起来”的政策下最先受益的一部分人。

尽管时下万元户已不复荣耀，但在人们记忆中，其含金量仍不可小视———在谨慎的年代，它使我们第一次启动了致富的理念。

［一包就灵］打破了僵化的国有企业体制，扩大了企业自主权，体现了国家、集体和个人三者利益关系的变化。

“交够国家的，留足集体的，剩下全是自己的”成为激发企业活力的动力。

［端掉“铁饭碗”，打破“大锅饭”］企业内部改革的核心，实现了真正意义上的按劳分配，调动了职工的积极性和创造性。

多干多拿、少干少拿、不干不拿的差别观念和公正观念在人们思想中开始形成。

［中国特色］党的十二大为我们调制出的一种混合色。

任尔赤橙黄绿青蓝紫，咬定“中国”不放松。

从此这一特色备受青睐，被广泛应用在多种新生事物上。

第二阶段：第二次思想解放，体现了一个“闯”字［摸着石头过河］这是“不争论”，重实践的最通俗解读。

这句话让老百姓失去了“条条框框”，但过河的信心却树立起来。

［敢闯］改革的代名词。

学习外地改革开放经验的第一要素。

发展滞后地区的最大遗憾是不敢闯。

［下海］当大多数人还在计划经济的温室里观望时，最先从国有单位辞职从事商业活动的“下海”者确实有一番“弄潮儿”之雄风。

当今天的人们都投身于市场经济的海洋中，“海”与“岸”难以区别，又有什么区别的必要呢？［一国两制］总设计师的大笔一挥，便在辉煌的共和国大厦旁建起了一座西式小楼。

中国改革开放30年以来出现的汉语新词汇

中国改革开放30年以来出现的汉语新词汇

中国改革开放30年以来(yǐlái)出现的汉语新词汇2008年12月20日改革开放以来，中国人民的语文生活(shēnghuó)以及语文本身都发生了引人注目的变化，特别是汉语词汇更是显出异乎寻常的大变动。

这也许正可以跟“五四”新文化运动时期和新中国建立时期的词汇大变动一起构成20世纪汉语词汇发展的三个高峰。

比较而言，当今人们(rén men)的开放心态、改革精神和现代化意识表现在对于语言的运用上更富有追求新色彩、寻觅新格调、敢于新创造的热情和能力。

外来(wàilái)词语“进口(jìn kǒu)”的新浪潮上世纪80年代国门开放，作为异域信息载体的外来词语同时涌入。

外来词语大量“进口”，形成汉语引进和吸纳外来词语的新浪潮。

而人们，特别是青年一代在语言使用上常有一种追新求异乃至趋洋的心理，于是，外来词语的使用就成为当时语言生活中的一种流行色。

外来词进入汉语的方式，大体有这样几种：1.直用原文(包括简称、缩写)，如：PHILIPS、CITIZEN、IBM、MTV、XO，这多为商品、公司等专名和科技名词；2.音译，如：“拜拜”(bye-bye)、“巴士”(bus)、“的士”(taxi)、“香波”(shampoo)、“托福”(TOEFL)；3.意译，如：健美(bodybuilding)、代沟(generationgap)、热点(hotpoint)、信用卡(creditcard)、公共关系(publicrelations)、跳蚤市场(fleamarket)；4.音译与意译的加合，如：迷你裙(miniskirt)、T恤衫(T-shirt)、耐克鞋(Nike)、霹雳舞(breakdance)；5.汉字与外文字母的组合，如：卡拉OK、T恤(半原文半音译)，BP机、CT扫描、VCD影视机(半原文半意译)。

外来词语的引进和吸收，是国际交流的必然和需要，也是丰富民族语言的一个重要途径。

改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译

改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译

改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译(一）一、文化类选秀 talent show /talent-search show（NBA的选秀叫做draft，但和这种真人秀reality TV show 显然不是一回事）高考college (or university) entrance examination高考移民NCEE migrant驴友Donkey Friends人肉搜索Cyber Manhunt“四有” 新人New Generation with “Four Qualifications”保安，保镖security staff, security guard, body guard名片business card粉丝fans发廊hair salon跳槽job-hopping红包convert payment; （neutral）red paper containing money as a gift,(derogative) bribe, kickback八卦gossip婚纱照wedding photo走穴（又叫赚外快）(actors, singers, etc.) perform for outside salary income without approval by t he unit they belong to ”VCD 是video compact disk 缩写，泛指一种影碟机。

晒工资wages online exposure非典型肺炎、非典、沙士SARS二、社会类蛤蟆镜goggles交谊舞ballroom dancing喇叭裤bell-bottomed pants; flare trousers大哥大GSM mobile telephoneBP机（寻呼机）Beep Pager万元户ten- thousand-yuan household五好家庭Five Virtues Family呼拉圈hula hoop彩电colored television set倒爷（指的是那些倒买倒卖的人）profiteer; wheeler-dealer 面的taxi下海go into business下岗再就业re-employment of laid-off workers下岗get laid off黄金周golden week农民工migrant worker房奴mortgage slave钉子户“dingzihu”; nail house黄牛党（俗称的“票贩子）ticket scalper传销pyramid selling走后门pull the string潜规则hidden rule超女”super girl (Super Girl Contest)按揭mortgage双休日two-day weekend炒鱿鱼get fired博客blog炒股to speculate in the stock market三、经济类“三农”问题Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area两限房House of “Two Limits”农村税费改革Rural Tax and Fee Reform“三沿”地区开放Opening-up of seashore, river shore and border areas农村土地承包制Rural Land Contract System抓大放小Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones 经济适用房Economical Housing三资企业Foreign-funded enterprises铁饭碗Iron Rice Bowl菜篮子工程Non-Staple Food Project西部大开发Western Development又好又快发展Sound and Fast Development小康社会 A moderately prosperous society循环经济Circular Economy社会主义新农村Socialist New Countryside新型工业化道路New Path of Industrialization南水北调工程South-to-North Water Diversion Project分税制Tax Sharing System三来一补企业Enterprises of Three Import and Compensation Trade利改税Tax for Profits兴边富民行动Program to Revitalize Border Areas and Enrich Residents’ Lives绿色信贷Green Credit廉租房Low-rent Housing家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract Responsibility System假日经济Holiday Economy财产性收入Property Income“三步走”战略Three-Step Development Strategy金税工程Golden Tax Project四、时政类一国两制One Country, Two Systems和谐社会A Harmonious society三通Three Direct Links大部制Super-Ministry System三个代表Three Represents科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development双拥Double Support保持党员先进性教育Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard Nature 和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and Disgrace“三讲” 教育“Three Emphasis” Education党务公开Open Management of Party Affairs爱国统一战线Patriotic United Front南巡讲话South Tour Speeches实事求是To Seek Truth from Facts与时俱进Keep Up With the Times信访Letters and Visits星火计划Spark Program以人为本Put People First两岸直航包机Direct Chartered Flight Across the Taiwan Straits基层群众自治制度System of Community Level Self-Governance多党合作和政治协商制度System of Multi-party Cooperation and Political Consultation依法治国Rule of Law民主集中制Democratic Centralism政企分开Separate Government Functions from Enterprise Management863计划863 Program农转非Change From Rural Residents to Urban Residents。

改革开放40年以来翻译

改革开放40年以来翻译

这些翻译表达涵盖了改革开放40年以来中国在经济、贸易、金融以及社会发展，科技创新、教育文化、农业农村发展，业劳动力、城市发展与建设，交通与基础设施、环境保护与可持续发展、文化与教育，医疗与健康、法律与司法、体育与奥运、军事与国防，外交与国际关系、党风廉政与反腐败，城市化与城市发展等领域的进展和改革。

它们在相关的政策文件、新闻报道和学术文献中被广泛使用。

Reform and Opening Up: 改革开放Economic restructuring: 经济重组Market-oriented reforms: 市场化改革Opening up to the outside world: 对外开放Foreign investment: 外资投资Trade liberalization: 贸易自由化Foreign trade: 外贸Foreign direct investment (FDI): 外商直接投资Export-oriented economy: 出口导向型经济Special Economic Zones (SEZs): 经济特区Opening up of the financial sector: 金融业开放State-owned enterprise (SOE) reform: 国有企业改革Private enterprise development: 民营企业发展Market economy: 市场经济Socialism with Chinese characteristics: 中国特色社会主义Poverty alleviation: 扶贫Rural revitalization: 乡村振兴Belt and Road Initiative: 一带一路倡议Technological innovation: 科技创新Sustainable development: 可持续发展经济与金融：State-owned enterprise (SOE) reform: 国有企业改革Mixed ownership reform: 混合所有制改革Financial liberalization: 金融自由化Stock market: 股票市场Bond market: 债券市场Foreign exchange market: 外汇市场Free trade zone: 自由贸易区Capital market: 资本市场Intellectual property rights protection: 知识产权保护Financial deregulation: 金融放松管制贸易与对外关系：31. Free trade: 自由贸易Trade surplus/deficit: 贸易顺差/逆差Bilateral trade: 双边贸易Multilateral trade: 多边贸易Trade barriers: 贸易壁垒Trade imbalance: 贸易不平衡Foreign direct investment (FDI): 外商直接投资Trade cooperation: 贸易合作Export-oriented industries: 出口导向产业Cross-border e-commerce: 跨境电子商务社会发展与改革：Urbanization: 城市化Poverty alleviation: 扶贫Social welfare: 社会福利Healthcare reform: 医疗改革Education reform: 教育改革Environmental protection: 环境保护Rural revitalization: 农村振兴Housing reform: 住房改革Pension system reform: 养老保险制度改革Social security system: 社会保障体系51. Technological advancement: 科技进步Innovation-driven development: 创新驱动发展Research and development (R&D): 研发High-tech industry: 高科技产业Artificial intelligence (AI): 人工智能Internet of Things (IoT): 物联网Big data: 大数据Cloud computing: 云计算Cybersecurity: 网络安全教育与文化：Cultural exchange: 文化交流Cultural diversity: 文化多样性Intangible cultural heritage: 非物质文化遗产Cultural preservation: 文化保护Art education: 艺术教育Cultural tourism: 文化旅游Education reform: 教育改革Lifelong learning: 终身学习Cultural heritage conservation: 文化遗产保护Quality-oriented education: 素质教育Vocational education: 职业教育Cultural exchange: 文化交流Cultural heritage protection: 文化遗产保护Film and television industry: 影视产业Performing arts: 表演艺术Literary works: 文学作品农业与农村发展：Agricultural modernization: 农业现代化Rural revitalization: 乡村振兴Agricultural subsidies: 农业补贴Crop diversification: 作物多样化Organic farming: 有机农业Rural infrastructure: 农村基础设施Farmer cooperatives: 农民合作社Agricultural technology transfer: 农业技术转让Rural poverty alleviation: 农村扶贫Agricultural reforms: 农业改革Agricultural modernization: 农业现代化Agricultural reform: 农村改革Agricultural technology: 农业技术Agricultural sustainability: 农业可持续发展Rural entrepreneurship: 农村创业Farmer's income: 农民收入Agricultural cooperation: 农业合作就业与劳动力：Employment opportunities: 就业机会Labor market: 劳动力市场Job creation: 就业创造Labor rights: 劳工权益Wage reform: 工资改革Labor mobility: 劳动力流动性Unemployment rate: 失业率Labor union: 工会Labor protection: 劳动保护Work-life balance: 工作与生活平衡城市发展与建设：Urban renewal: 城市更新Urban planning: 城市规划Sustainable urbanization: 可持续城市化Smart cities: 智慧城市Urban infrastructure: 城市基础设施Urban transportation: 城市交通Urban pollution control: 城市污染控制Urbanization rate: 城镇化率Urban-rural integration: 城乡一体化Livable cities: 宜居城市交通与基础设施：High-speed rail: 高速铁路Expressways: 高速公路Airport expansion: 机场扩建Port development: 港口发展Infrastructure investment: 基础设施投资Public transportation: 公共交通Logistics network: 物流网络Rail transit: 轨道交通Bridge construction: 桥梁建设Urban transport planning: 城市交通规划环境保护与可持续发展：Green development: 绿色发展Renewable energy: 可再生能源Carbon emissions reduction: 减排Eco-friendly practices: 环保实践Biodiversity conservation: 生物多样性保护Waste management: 废物管理Clean energy technology: 清洁能源技术Sustainable agriculture: 可持续农业Environmental regulations: 环境法规Climate change mitigation: 气候变化缓解社会治理与法律改革：Rule of law: 法治Judicial reform: 司法改革Anti-corruption campaign: 反腐败运动Legal system reform: 法制改革Social stability: 社会稳定Public security: 公共安全Community governance: 社区治理Crime prevention: 犯罪预防Human rights protection: 人权保护Legal education: 法律教育社会福利与保障：Social insurance: 社会保险Healthcare coverage: 医疗保障Pension system: 养老保险制度Poverty alleviation program: 扶贫计划Social assistance: 社会救助Disability support: 残疾人扶助Childcare services: 儿童保育服务Elderly care: 老年人护理Housing subsidies: 住房补贴Family planning policy: 计划生育政策科学与教育：Scientific research: 科学研究Higher education: 高等教育Scientific achievements: 科研成果Science and technology parks: 科技园区STEM education: 科学、技术、工程、数学教育School curriculum: 学校课程Talent cultivation: 人才培养Academic exchange: 学术交流Digital learning: 数字化学习Education equity: 教育公平性文化与娱乐：Cultural industry: 文化产业Artistic expression: 艺术表达Cultural tourism: 文化旅游Film festival: 电影节Music concert: 音乐会Literary award: 文学奖项Cultural heritage sites: 文化遗产地Performing arts center: 表演艺术中心Art exhibition: 艺术展览Online streaming platform: 在线流媒体平台经济与金融：Market-oriented reforms: 市场化改革Foreign direct investment (FDI): 外商直接投资Economic liberalization: 经济自由化Free trade zone: 自由贸易区Financial reform: 金融改革Stock market: 股票市场Monetary policy: 货币政策Economic globalization: 经济全球化Supply-side reforms: 供给侧改革Consumer market: 消费市场国际合作与外交：Belt and Road Initiative: 一带一路倡议Multilateral cooperation: 多边合作Diplomatic relations: 外交关系International trade: 国际贸易Foreign aid: 外援Cultural diplomacy: 文化外交Global governance: 全球治理Regional integration: 区域一体化International organizations: 国际组织Peacekeeping missions: 维和任务社会变革与社会价值观：Gender equality: 性别平等Family values: 家庭价值观Social equality: 社会平等Human dignity: 人的尊严Social justice: 社会公正Civil society: 公民社会Youth empowerment: 青年赋权Volunteerism: 志愿服务Social inclusion: 社会包容Cultural diversity: 文化多样性人民生活与社会福利：Living standards: 生活水平Social security system: 社会保障体系Health insurance: 医疗保险Education system: 教育体系Housing affordability: 住房可负担性Consumer rights: 消费者权益Social welfare: 社会福利Elderly care services: 老年人护理服务Maternity leave: 产假Cultural activities: 文化活动科技与创新：Technological advancements: 科技进步Innovation-driven development: 创新驱动发展Research and development (R&D): 研发Intellectual property rights: 知识产权Science parks: 科技园区Start-up ecosystem: 创业生态系统High-tech industries: 高科技产业Digital transformation: 数字化转型Artificial intelligence (AI): 人工智能Big data analytics: 大数据分析环境保护与可持续发展：Environmental conservation: 环境保护Sustainable development: 可持续发展Clean energy: 清洁能源Carbon emissions: 碳排放Renewable resources: 可再生资源Ecological restoration: 生态恢复Green technology: 绿色技术Waste management: 废物管理Biodiversity conservation: 生物多样性保护Climate change mitigation: 气候变化缓解城市化与城市发展：Urbanization: 城市化Urban planning: 城市规划Smart cities: 智慧城市Urban infrastructure: 城市基础设施Public transportation: 公共交通Urban renewal: 城市更新Urban design: 城市设计Urban governance: 城市治理Urban development: 城市发展Housing construction: 住房建设医疗与健康：Healthcare reform: 医疗改革Universal health coverage: 全民医保Primary healthcare: 基层医疗Medical research: 医学研究Disease prevention and control: 疾病预防和控制Telemedicine: 远程医疗Health promotion: 健康促进Traditional Chinese medicine: 中医药Public health emergency response: 公共卫生应急响应Health education: 健康教育法律与司法：Rule of law: 法治Judicial reform: 司法改革Legal system: 法律体系Legal rights: 法律权益Legal aid: 法律援助Anti-corruption campaign: 反腐败运动Judicial independence: 司法独立Criminal justice: 刑事司法Civil litigation: 民事诉讼Legal awareness: 法律意识体育与奥运：Sports development: 体育发展Olympic Games: 奥运会Sportsmanship: 体育精神Athlete training: 运动员培训Sports facilities: 体育设施Sports culture: 体育文化Sports diplomacy: 体育外交Fair play: 公平竞争Paralympic Games: 残奥会Sports nutrition: 运动营养军事与国防：National defense: 国防Military modernization: 军事现代化Defense technology: 防务技术Peacekeeping operations: 维和行动National security: 国家安全Defense budget: 国防预算Military strategy: 军事战略Defense industry: 国防工业Cybersecurity: 网络安全Military cooperation: 军事合作经济与贸易：Economic reform: 经济改革Market-oriented economy: 市场经济Foreign direct investment (FDI): 外商直接投资Free trade: 自由贸易Economic globalization: 经济全球化Export-oriented manufacturing: 出口导向型制造业Financial market: 金融市场E-commerce: 电子商务Economic growth: 经济增长Sustainable development: 可持续发展科学与教育：Scientific research: 科学研究Technological innovation: 技术创新STEM education: 科学、技术、工程和数学教育Knowledge-based economy: 知识经济Research institute: 研究所Academic exchange: 学术交流Science and technology policy: 科技政策Intellectual property protection: 知识产权保护Educational reform: 教育改革Lifelong learning: 终身学习社会与人文：Social harmony: 社会和谐Poverty alleviation: 扶贫Social equality: 社会平等Gender equality: 性别平等Social welfare: 社会福利Volunteer work: 志愿者工作Community development: 社区发展Cultural tolerance: 文化包容Ethical values: 道德价值观Social responsibility: 社会责任农业与农村发展：Agricultural modernization: 农业现代化Rural revitalization: 乡村振兴Agricultural productivity: 农业生产力Agricultural subsidies: 农业补贴Rural infrastructure: 农村基础设施Agricultural technology: 农业技术Rural entrepreneurship: 农村创业Agricultural sustainability: 农业可持续性Farmer's income: 农民收入Crop diversification: 农作物多样化交通与基础设施：Transportation network: 交通网络High-speed rail: 高铁Expressway: 高速公路Urban transportation: 城市交通Airport construction: 机场建设Port development: 港口发展Bridge and tunnel: 桥梁和隧道Public transportation system: 公共交通系统Infrastructure investment: 基础设施投资Smart transportation: 智能交通外交与国际关系：Diplomatic relations: 外交关系Bilateral cooperation: 双边合作Multilateral cooperation: 多边合作International trade: 国际贸易Global governance: 全球治理International cooperation: 国际合作Foreign aid: 外援Peacekeeping mission: 维和任务Non-interference policy: 不干涉政策Soft power: 软实力党风廉政与反腐败：Party discipline: 党纪Anti-corruption campaign: 反腐败运动Party building: 党建设Clean governance: 清廉政府Anti-graft measures: 反贪措施Integrity education: 廉政教育Corruption investigation: 腐败调查Asset recovery: 资产追回Whistleblower protection: 举报保护Anti-corruption legislation: 反腐败立法城市化与城市发展：Urbanization: 城市化Urban planning: 城市规划Urban renewal: 城市更新Sustainable urban development: 可持续城市发展Smart city: 智慧城市Urban infrastructure: 城市基础设施Urban transport system: 城市交通系统Urban design: 城市设计Urban environmental protection: 城市环境保护Urban governance: 城市治理环境保护与可持续发展：Environmental protection: 环境保护Pollution control: 污染治理Carbon emissions reduction: 碳排放减少Renewable energy: 可再生能源Ecological conservation: 生态保护Biodiversity preservation: 生物多样性保护Clean energy development: 清洁能源开发Waste management: 废物处理Green technology: 绿色技术Sustainable development goals: 可持续发展目标科技与创新：Technological advancement: 科技进步Innovation-driven development: 创新驱动发展Research and development: 研发Artificial intelligence: 人工智能Big data: 大数据Internet of Things: 物联网Cloud computing: 云计算Robotics: 机器人技术Quantum computing: 量子计算5G technology: 5G技术社会保障与福利：Social security: 社会保障Pension system: 养老金制度Healthcare reform: 医疗改革Social insurance: 社会保险Poverty alleviation program: 扶贫计划Social assistance: 社会救助Disability rights: 残疾人权益Maternity benefits: 生育津贴Unemployment insurance: 失业保险Housing welfare: 住房福利人民生活水平提高：Standard of living: 生活水平Income inequality: 收入不平等Consumerism: 消费主义Quality of life: 生活质量Education equality: 教育平等Affordable housing: 负担得起的住房Employment opportunities: 就业机会Social mobility: 社会流动性Leisure and entertainment: 休闲与娱乐Consumer rights: 消费者权益法律与知识产权保护：Intellectual property rights: 知识产权Patent protection: 专利保护Copyright infringement: 侵权Trademark registration: 商标注册Anti-counterfeiting measures: 打击假冒行动Cybersecurity: 网络安全Data protection: 数据保护Legal enforcement: 法律执法Anti-corruption campaign: 反腐败斗争Anti-money laundering: 反洗钱。

汉英翻译中的中国英语_基于改革开放30年热词英译分析

汉英翻译中的中国英语_基于改革开放30年热词英译分析

线。此外 , 国内学者的研 究不再 是探讨 中国英 语的存在 与 否 , 而是 以全新的视 角 , 广 阔的视野 , 多学科 交叉的进 一步 研究中国英语背后的社 会、 文化、 历史、 甚至政 治因 素。如 严轶伦研究了全球浪潮下 的中国英 语 , 强调英 语教学 的本 土意识 , 金惠康 突破 了传 统 的汉 诗英 译法 , 阐 释了 用中 国 英语翻译古典诗歌的问题 , 张文 霞则对 英语写 作评估 中中 国英语现象及其影响作 了调查。 另外 , 蒋晓红、 金 惠康、 林 琼、 晏小花 , 刘详清 和孙 莉华 等等 也 分别 从跨 文 化、 语用、 社会语言学、 翻译中的文 化空缺 等层面 对中国 英语进 行了 较为深入的探 讨。虽说 学者 们对 中 国英 语的 界定 无一 确 切定义 , 但越来越多 的人都认 可中国 英语的 存在。文章 将 以改革开 30 年放外宣英语资料中的热词为对象 , 从跨文化 翻译的角度对的可接受性 、 可理解性及合理性
从改革开放 30 年热词分类表中可以看出 , 中国英语已 为人所接受 , 而且它在很 多方面 为跨文 化交际 汉译英 中作 出了贡献 , 繁荣 了英 语语 言 及英 语文 化 , 有如 中国 英语 拓 展了现有的国际英语的描 写范围 , 填补 了英语 中的词 汇空 白、 文化空白和中国意 念表达 上的空 白 ; 借 助汉语 表达法、 句法、 修辞、 篇章结 构以 及认 知方 式 来表 达中 国人 的宇 宙 观、 价值观、 文化传统、 社会习俗、 饮食习惯、 民族风情风貌、 人文地理和不同于西方社 会的种种 中国讲 法 ; 由于上 述因 素和中国英语的 本 土化 , 较 其它 英语 变体 而言 , 它 最贴 近 中国社会现实 , 具有 汉文 化 特色 , 描 写中 国社 会也 最得 心 应手 , 海内外华 人容 易掌 握 ; 中国 英 语形 成发 展的 一个 内 在推动力就是为了要翻译 和描写 中华文 明中的特 有事物 / 独特概念、 中国意念、 文化传统 和向世 界介绍 华夏社 会 [ 1] 。 这样 , 中国英语丰富了国际英语的内涵和表达 方式。

改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译

改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译

改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译－时政类一国两制One Country, Two SystemsAn idea formally put forward by Deng Xiaoping, then leader of China, in the early 1980s to reunify the country.Deng suggested that there should only be one China, but the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, once reunified with the rest of the country, could retain their original economic and political systems while other parts keep pursuing socialism.This arrangement was observed when the country resumed sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao in 1997 and 1999 respectively. The two cities are now the special administrative regions of the country with a high degree of autonomy.The central government has also proposed the idea to the Taiwan authorities to speed up the reunification of China.三通Three Direct LinksShorthand for direct links in post, transportation and trade between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. Direct communication across the Taiwan Straits in most social and economical terms virtually stopped after the Kuomintang forces retreated to Taiwan in 1949. And the contacts, if any, were routed through intermediate places, mainly Hong Kong and Macao.In the early 1980s, the central government appealed to the Taiwan authorities for opening "three links". The latter has consistently refused, but had to make concessions in the face of growing cross-Straits exchanges. "Three mini-links" was opened in 2001 between Fujian Province and the islands of Jinmen and Matsu in Taiwan. Cross-Straits charter flights were approved in 2003 for the Lunar New Year and the flights were arranged in 2006 for three other traditional Chinese festivals.和谐社会A Harmonious societyA blueprint for social development featuring decent living standards for the majority of people, a tolerant society and peaceful coexistence between the human society and nature.The concept was first floated in 2004 and then amplified in October 2006, when the Party set specific goals for building a harmonious society by 2020. The goals range from fostering the rule of law, substantial protection for private property, developed public services to foster creativity and more efficient use of resources.Stemming from ancient Chinese ideas about harmony, the blueprint underlines the need to fine tune relations between different social entities. The idea also appears in the country's foreign policy, particularly its call for "a harmonious world".大部制Super-Ministry SystemA very recent idea to restructure central government offices so that ministries, commissions and departments of the State Council with similar or overlapping functions can be merged into super-ministries. This scheme has been introduced in a reshuffle of the State Council approved by the National People's Congress in March to improve efficiency, reduce the cost of policy making and its execution, and straighten out problematic chains of command. Five super-ministries respectively overseeing industry, transport, housing and construction, human resources and the environment were established.Based upon the current changes, the central government vowed to undertake further administrative reforms in the future.三个代表Three RepresentsShorthand for the call that the Communist Party of China (CPC) provides insight and leadership for economic and cultural progress, and commit itself to public good.Former CPC General Secretary Jiang Zemin, who was credited with its creation, literally admonished his comrades to "represent the development trend of China's most advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's most advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people".The theory is the result of deliberations of the CPC's third-generation leaders on legitimacy and Party-building. At the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002, it was formally written into the Party Constitution.科学发展观Scientific Outlook on DevelopmentA concept initiated by the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2003. It stresses a comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development that is people-orientated. With priority on addressing the needs and protecting the rights of the people, the country will not only grow in economic terms, but also in political and cultural terms. The growth aims to bridge regional disparity, the urban-rural gap, protect resources, and the environment.This concept is the core of policies by the CPC's current leaders headed by Hu Jintao. At the 17th CPC National Congress in October 2007, it was formally included in the Party Constitution.双拥Double SupportShorthand for the administrative effort to enhance ties between the army and civilian communities. In essence, the expression means local governments and common people should support the army and give preferential treatment to the families of service people, particularly those killed while on the job, while soldiers should support the government and love the people.In connection with this effort, schools offer training programs to soldiers, while common people provide technological consultations and donate books and the use of other facilities to the army. In return, the army helps deal with natural disasters, major construction projects and other difficulties.保持党员先进性教育Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard NatureA campaign by the Communist Party of China to educate its members to stick firmly to the principles of the Party and serve the people so as to keep the Party's vigor and leading role in the country.From January 2005 to June 2006, the country's 68 million Party members participated in the special education program. They refreshed their knowledge about the important theories of the Party at different periods, solidified their loyalty to the Party and improved the efficiency of the grass-root organizations of the Party in serving the people.和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful CoexistenceA set of norms governing relations between nations first raised by China. Put forward by then Premier Zhou Enlai in 1953 during negotiations between China and India, the five principles were originally meant to maintain friendly ties. Under the principles, both sides agreed to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of each other, not to invade the soil of each other, do not interfere in each other's internal affairs, the ties should be equally based, and mutually beneficial for the two countries to coexist peacefully.The five principles have been widely accepted in bilateral relations between China and many other countries. One of the corner stones of China's foreign policy, it has also become an important part in the law on international relationships.社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and DisgraceAn idea put forward to instill a value of moral standards among the pub lic, especially youngsters, in line with Chinese traditional values and modern virtues.The concept underscores the value of patriotism, consciousness of serving the people, belief in science, hard work, solidarity, honesty, observation of the law and plain living. It condemns the opposite of these virtues as disgraces.It was raised by Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Communist Party of China, in March 2006. And the concept is also known as "eight honors and eight disgraces" "三讲" 教育"Three Emphasis" EducationA campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to remind Party officials to pay more attention to theoretical study, improve their political awareness, and be honest and upright.Jiang Zemin, then CPC general secretary, pointed out in November 1995 that Party officials should improve their self-education in the three aspects. And a national campaign was soon started among all Party officials. A conference was held in December 2000 which hailed the campaign as a success. CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao said the move had boosted the individual capabilities of Party members and the internal governance of the Party as well.党务公开Open Management of Party AffairsAn institutional arrangement for branches of the Communist Party of China (CPC) at all levels to improve transparency.According to this principle, Party branches are obliged to make their processes for making decisions and carrying out activities as well as their achievements known to other Party members according to the characteristics of the issues. And if the issues are closely related to the interests of the public, the Party branches should also publicize their work to all. Formally included in the CPC Constitution in 2007, this principle was part of the CPC's effort to promote democracy within the Party, protect the democratic rights of Party members and enhance the internal supervision of the Party.爱国统一战线Patriotic United FrontA political union of all socialist laborers, patriots supporting socialism and patriots supporting the unification of China.First raised as the "ethnic united front" in 1935 by the Communist Party of China (CPC), it was meant to join the powers of all social groups regardless of their class, wealth and political positions to fight against the Japanese aggressors during the World War II.Despite changes in the specific concept and target of the union under different historical conditions, this union has remained a key strategy of the CPC to mobilize all social sectors to achieve the contemporary goals it sets for the country.Part of institutional arrangements for the country to consolidate and develop the people's dictatorship, this union was embodied in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, whose members include people from the CPC, the eight non-communist parties and other social groups.南巡讲话South Tour SpeechesA series of speeches delivered by the late leader Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, during his inspection tour of southern Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai in early 1992. Targeted at domestic misgivings and confusion among some scholars and even officials about the country's reform and development, Deng put forward some new viewpoints on a series of crucial issues, such as the core of Marxism, the essence of socialism, market economy, and how to emancipate and develop productivity. The significant speeches outlined an unequivocal path for the country's further re form and opening-up and have greatly driven its political, economic, and social development.实事求是To Seek Truth from FactsA term stressing that facts or practices are the single standard by which to judge whether a theory is valid. It is one of the core ideas of the Communist Party of China about socialism with Chinese characteristics. Repeatedly stressed by different generations of leaders, this term was formally raised by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s. It was to mobilize the country to look for means of development in economic and political terms feasible and suitable for China rather than those based on political ideology. It is still part of the principles for the CPC stipulated in its constitution. It is also a popular term extensively used in different aspects of social 与时俱进Keep Up With the TimesAn expression that has become popular in official documents and speeches, accentuating the need on the part of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to keep pace with the rapid changes that have taken place in society.First appearing in former President Jiang Zemin's speech commemorating the 80th anniversary of the CPC's founding on July 1, 2001, the expression was included as part of the theme for the Party's 16th National Congress in 2002. Under the principle, the Party vowed to adapt its ideology and work in tune with the latest developments in and out of the country to better serve the people.信访Letters and VisitsA special term referring to actions of citizens or institutions to give information, make comments or suggestions and lodge complaints to the special administrative department in charge of receiving them through various forms. Letters and visits from the grassroots were lauded by State leaders as having remarkable significance in enhancing ties between the government and the people. Individuals and institutions could write letters or pay visits to the relevant department when they have information about or want to complain about the performance of the administrative organization, enterprise or institutions supplying public services as well as about their staff members. Departments receiving letters and visits are required to process the information and complaints according to a State Council regulation first adopted in 1995 and revised in 2005.星火计划Spark ProgramA State effort to popularize modern technologies in the rural areas to stimulate rural development and raise the farmers' income. Started in 1986, the program offers support to technological projects easily applied and developed in rural areas, encourages factories and small businesses to develop these projects with incentives in several aspects, holds training courses in rural businesses and promotes agricultural technology among farmers. By 2006, local governments invested 14.3 billion yuan while the central government contributed 363.1 billion yuan to the program.以人为本Put People FirstAn idea of the Communist Party of China (CPC) stresses that boosting the people's interests and development are the purpose of the Party as well as the State. Formally raised during the third plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee in October 2003, this idea was tagged as the core of the scientific outlook of development by general secretary Hu Jintao in his report on the 17th CPC National Congress in 2007. As a ruling party, the CPC vowed to expand the people's interests, respect the people's position in political life, give play to their creativity and let them share the benefits of development.两岸直航包机Direct Chartere d Flight Across the Taiwan StraitsFlights between designated airports on the Chinese mainland and Taiwan during major Chinese festivals. Regular flights have been cut off between the two sides since 1949. In 2003, the Taiwan authorities allowed Taiwan airlines to fly Taiwan people living in the mainland with chartered flights from Shanghai for the Spring Festival. As a trust-building step, chartered flights were added in 2006 during three other holidays: Tomb Sweeping Day, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid Autumn Festival. Airlines from both sides were allowed and the flights stopped at four mainland cities and two Taiwan cities. Negotiations are underway to arrange the chartered flights weekly or even more frequently.基层群众自治制度System of Community Level Self-GovernanceA grassroots democratic system in which rural and urban citizens manage the public affairs in their organizations and communities. Composed of the villagers' committee in rural areas, neighborhood committee in urban areas and the conference of workers and staff in businesses, the system enables the members to carry out democratic elections, decision-making and supervision. An important part in the country's political democracy, it was stressed as a fundamental system to adhere to in improving the socialist political system by General Secretary Hu Jintao in his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2007.多党合作和政治协商制度System of Multi-party Cooperation and Political ConsultationA basic political system in China under which the Communist Party of China (CPC), as the party in power, consults all non-Communist parties and representatives of non-party personages to reach a common understanding before taking major decisions. Formally established in 1949 when New China was founded, the system is practiced through various forms. The two major forms are the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, of which non-Communist party members and non-party personages are members, and the consultative conferences attended by non-Communist parties and unaffiliated democrats who are invited by the CPC bodies at different 依法治国Rule of LawA fundamental principle of governance that stresses that the country should be administered in accordance with the law.It was formally raised as a fundamental principle in 1997 when former general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Jiang Zemin delivered his report to the 15th National Congress of the CPC. He stressed the principle should be fully observed as "socialist democracy is gradually institutionalized and codified so that such institutions and laws will not change with changes in the leadership or changes in the views or focus of attention of any leader."This principle was reiterated by General Secretary Hu Jintao during the 17th CPC National Congress in 2007.民主集中制Democratic CentralismA principle of organization in the Communist Party of China (CPC) as well as in the country's political life, stressing both democracy and centralism. Enunciated originally by Vladimir Lenin, the principle stresses that the Party members have the freedom to discuss and debate matters of policy and direction, but must support the final decision once it is reached through a majority vote. Individuals must obey the Party or the organization, the minority must obey the majority, the lower levels of organizations must obey the ones at the upper level. It is one of the most important principles adopted by the CPC at its early stage and is upheld till now.政企分开SeparateGovernment Functions from Enterprise ManagementAn effort to draw a clear line between the roles of the administration and of the businesses. Under the planned economy, the extensive involvement of the government in economic operations resulted in the government making commercial decisions for the businesses and the State-owned enterprises offering public services to their employees, ranging from medical care to education. Since the country introduced the economic reform, it became a major mission for the government to separate the functions of the administration from those of the enterprises in order to improve the efficiency of both.农转非Change From Rural Residents to Urban ResidentsA change in the residential status of people under the household registration system.Since the household registration system was established in the 1950s, residents were put into two categories, urban and rural, according to where they lived. While urban residents enjoyed relatively better social security as industrial workers, rural residents had to depend on farming for a living. Rural people could obtain urban registration under special circumstances, like entering universities or becoming army officers. This was difficult to achieve, but viewed as a quick way to a better life, especially in the 1970s and 1980s.As the country began to reform, so did the household registration system. The supply of commodities became more abundant on the market, and the difference in welfare of urban and rural residents was narrowed.863计划863 ProgramA government program to stimulate the development of advanced technologies. The figure "863" comes from the fact that it was created in the third month of 1986.Approved by former leader Deng Xiaoping, the program aims at lifting China's own efforts in scientific and technology research as well as in commercializing the benefits of the research. The program's specific plan gives preference to research in biology, information technology, astronautics, laser technology, automation, energy technology, and new materials.A milestone in the history of scientific progress, the program has boosted China's independent research capability, laying a solid foundation for economic and social growth.。

英语四级翻译考试常见的高频词：社会篇.doc

英语四级翻译考试常见的高频词：社会篇.doc

2019年英语四级翻译考试常见的高频词：社会篇改革开放reform and opening up小康社会 a well-to-do society奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life人民生活peoples livelihood生活水平living standards生活质量quality of life改善民生improve peoples wellbeing住房条件housing conditions生活条件living conditions共同富裕shared prosperity社会稳定social stability衣食住行food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling 厉行节约practice economy缩小收入差距narrow the income gap人均收入average income per capita文化程度educational level城镇居民urban citizen失业保障unemployment security人口问题the issue of population全面发展all-round development发达国家developed country发展中国家developing country人口老龄化population aging养老provision for the aged养老保险old-age insurance社会保险social insurance计划生育family planning独生子女政策one-child policy城市人口urban population农业人口agriculture population普查census社会事业social programs人才市场talent market人才交流talent exchange人才外流brain drain应届高校毕业生new college graduate 农民工rural migrant worker公务员civil servant市民citizen名人celebrity残疾人the disabled就业率employment rate失业率unemployment rate出生率birth rate死亡率mortality rate寿命life span贫困地区poverty-stricken region欠发达地区underdeveloped area摆脱贫困shake off poverty生活困难be badly-off用电量electricity consumption森林覆盖率forest coverage产业结构industrial structure创历史新高an all-time high战略性新兴产业strategic emerging industries基础设施infrastructure南水北调South-to-North Water Diversion Project 自然灾害natural disasters本土化localization体力劳动manual labor可持续发展sustainable development沙尘暴sandstorm建筑灰尘construction dust市政府the municipal government违章建筑unlicensed construction严厉地处罚impose tough punishments on 主要污染源major sources of pollutants 建筑灰尘construction dust炫富show off wealth热词hot word/ buzzword品位taste大众传媒mass media。

改革开放三十年流行语录

改革开放三十年流行语录

改革开放三十年流行语录（上）一、包产到户1978年安徽小岗村，一群农人出于吃饱肚子的创新，拉开了中国农村改革的序幕。

十几个农人结“同盟”的红手印见证了那段历史。

包产到户官方术语为“家庭联产承包责任制”。

后来的“包干到户”那么被归纳为：“交够国家的，留足集体的，剩下满是自己的”。

1981年10月中央农村工作会议后，中央印发了关于农村改革的第一个“一号文件”，正式确信了农村土地的家庭承包经营制度，终止了此前包产到户30年的争辩。

家庭联产承包制解放了农村的生产力，解决了亿万人民的温饱问题，最终上升为中国农村的大体制度。

30年后，十七届三中全会通过了《中共中央关于推动农村改革进展假设干重大问题的决定》，中国改革事业由农村再动身。

二、让一部份人先富起来最先是1978年9月20日，邓小平在天津视察时第一次明确地提出“先让一部份人富裕起来”。

三个月后12月十一届三中全会召开，在会议期间，邓小平再次提出了“先富”的思想，那时的提法是“许诺一部份人先富起来”，这“一部份人”，包括“企业、地域、社员”，邓小平以为“这是一个大政策”。

会后，邓小平关于“先富”的标准说法被表述为“许诺一部份人先富起来，以先富带后富，实现一起富裕”。

3、摸着石头过河1980年12月在中央工作会议上，陈云发言称：“咱们要改革，可是步子要稳。

……随时总结体会，也确实是要‘摸着石头过河’……”(《陈云文选》第3卷第279页)。

邓小平对陈云提出的“摸着石头过河说”完全赞同。

邓小平说提出的“要坚决地试，斗胆地闯”、“杀出一条血路来”，都表现了这种思想。

“摸着石头过河”，是在勇敢实践中不断总结体会的一种形象性的说法，是改革开放3条体会——“猫论”、“摸论”、“不争辩”中的其中一条。

“摸着石头过河”，关于斗胆解放思想、踊跃稳妥地推动改革起到了庞大的指导作用，成了在中国众所周知的经典话语。

4、一国两制。

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改革开放30年经典热词翻译：社会类
蛤蟆镜goggles
蛤蟆镜其实就是太阳镜的一种，流行于上世纪80年代初以后，由于其夸张的造型而被戏称为“蛤蟆镜”。

改革开放初期，国门打开，社会复苏，人们的生活在不知不觉中发生着变化。

蛤蟆镜等装扮动摇了中国人数十年的整齐划一和单调乏味，成了年轻人流行文化里最初的冒险，“引领时代新潮流”。

交谊舞ballroom dancing
流行于上世纪80年代初，当时，全国各大城市均出现在公园、广场等公共场所男女青年自发聚集跳交谊舞的现象。

喇叭裤bell-bottomed pants; flare trousers
因裤形似喇叭而得名。

它的特点是：低腰短裆，紧裹臀部；裤腿上窄下宽，从膝盖以下逐渐张开，裤口的尺寸明显大于膝盖的尺寸，形成喇叭状。

我国上世纪80年代最流行的装束。

大哥大GSM mobile telephone
“大哥大”源于粤港人称呼帮会头目之谐语，后成为手提电话的俗称。

“大哥大”只流行于手提电话初面世那几年，之后改称“手机”。

BP机（寻呼机）Beep Pager
1983年，上海开通国内第一家寻呼台，BP机进入中国。

从BP机开始的即时通信，将人们带入了没有时空距离的年代，时时处处可以被找到，大大加速了人们的生活、工作效率，但也让人无处可藏。

人们对它爱恨交加，但已离不开它。

万元户ten- thousand-yuan household
是指家庭存款在10000元以上的，称之为万元户。

这个词是在70年代末产生的，那个年代万元户是个相当了不得的。

万元户年代的1万元可以买到很多的东西(米价0.14元，肉价0.95元)可以想到1万元是个什么概念。

不过现在代好了，人们的收入增加了，这个词已经成了历史概念。

五好家庭Five Virtues Family (outstanding in such five aspects aslaw-abiding, diligent study, family planning, domestic harmony, andindustrious and thrifty management of the household)
从1985年开始，全国各地大兴“五好家庭”评选活动。

当时的“五好家庭”的标准是：政治思想好、生产工作好；家庭和睦、尊敬老人好；教育子女、计划生育好；移风易俗、勤俭持家好；邻里团结、文明礼貌好。

呼拉圈hula hoop
呼啦圈又称健身圈，流行于上世纪八九十年代的一项运动。

由于其轻便美观，练习活动占地不大，很快成为一项老少皆宜的运动项目。

当时全国各地兴起了一阵“呼拉圈”潮，纷纷举办呼拉圈比赛。

彩电colored television set
改革开放后进入中国人的生活，如今彩电已是家家户户都能有的电器，买个什么样的彩电才是人们关注的话题。

倒爷profiteer; wheeler-dealer
流行于改革开放初期，指的是那些倒买倒卖的人。

面的taxi
出租车在上世纪80年代末和90年代初进入百姓生活。

生活在北京的人，一提起“面的”，是一种多么有趣的感觉。

出门招手，面的就到，街上随处可见的，被市民戏称为“黄虫”的面的，开启了北京出租车的历史。

面的客货两用，十分方便，深受百姓亲睐。

下海go into business
改改革开放，从一个抽象的词语表达成为一段除旧立新且举世瞩目的历程，用了三十年。

为了纪念这个不平凡又短暂的三十年，我们精选了在此期间人尽皆知的一些经典热词与您共享革开放时期，随着市场经济的繁荣，许多人不满于现状，转而经商，称之为：下海。

“下”字有屈就的意思，下海的许多人员原本是政府机关人员，他们放弃有保障的就业体系而从事风险较大的商业行为，这也说明一种勇气。

人们对商人从事的行业有“商场”、“商海”之称，故而下海这个说法沿用至今。

下岗get laid off
下岗，职工下岗的简称，是我国劳动力长期供大于求造成的一种客观现象。

我国人口多，劳动力总量大、增长快，远远超过社会生产的需求，就业岗位相对不足，结果造成不少需要分流的企业富余人员暂时找不到就业机会而成为下岗职工。

职工下岗现象是计划经济条件下就业制度在经济转轨过程中的必然反映。

下岗再就业re-employment of laid-off workers
黄金周golden week
“黄金周“指我国的春节、劳动节（现已取消）和国庆三个节日的每个节日的连续七天休假。

如国庆七天休假称为“十•一黄金周”。

农民工migrant worker
中国大陆特有词汇，指身为中国大陆特有的农业户口身份的工人；指从农村进入城市，依靠替雇主工作为谋生手段，但不具备非农业户口的社会群体。

房奴mortgage slave （Mortgage slave is adopted to describe thosepeople whose mortgage payment is more than half of their monthlysalary.）
“房奴”是指城镇居民抵押贷款购房，在生命黄金时期中的20到30年，每年用占可支配收入的40%至50%甚至更高的比例偿还贷款本息，从而造成居民家庭生活的长期压力，影响正常消费。

购房影响到自己教育支出、医药费支出和抚养老人等，使得家庭生活质量下降，甚至让人感到奴役般的压抑。

钉子户“dingzihu”; nail house (a person or household who refuses tomove and bargains for unreasonably high compensation when the lan d isrequisitioned for a construction project)
在城市建设征用土地时，讨价还价，不肯迁走的住户。

黄牛党ticket scalper
“黄牛党”就是俗称的“票贩子”。

“票贩子”在北京行话叫“拼缝儿的”，而上海人称之为“黄牛党”，近年来上海方言还称“打桩模子”，还有更形象的比喻把这类人称之为“票虫儿”。

传销pyramid selling
有实际产品，人员发展上线、下线、金字塔式的销售模式。

走后门pull the string
不正当的手段来谋求达到某种个人目的，叫“走后门”。

潜规则hidden rule
“潜规则”指的是行业内心知肚明却又从不愿被捅破的一种“规则”；尤指娱乐圈
“超女”super girl (Super Girl Contest)
是中国湖南卫视从2004年起主办的大众歌手选秀赛。

此项赛事接受任何喜欢唱歌的女性个人或组合的报名。

其颠覆传统的一些规则，受到了许多观众的喜爱，是现今中国大陆颇受欢迎的娱乐节目之一。

“粉丝”fans
粉丝，是英语“fans”的谐音。

“fan”是“运动、电影等的爱好者” 的意思。

所以，“film fan”是“影迷”的意思。

也可以理解为“××迷”或者“××追星族”一类意思。

“fans”是“fan”的复数。

原来“粉丝”被称为追星族。

但是这个词汇早已被时尚抛弃。

现在许多年轻人对这个新词汇爱不释手，它已成为了时尚的代名词。

按揭mortgage
指以房地产等实物资产或有价证券、契约等作抵押，获得银行贷款并依合同分期付清本息，贷款还清后银行归还抵押物。

双休日two-day weekend
通常指周六和周日放假休息的时间,包括大人工作休息以及小孩学习休息。

1994年3月5日，是我国新工时制实行的第一个休息日，人们感到了一个不小的“解放”。

炒鱿鱼get fired
“炒鱿鱼”这个词，是形容工作被辞退、解雇、甚至开除。

在旧社会，被解雇的人一听到老板的通知，便只好卷起铺盖走人。

后来人们从“炒鱿鱼”这道菜中发现，在烹炒
鱿鱼时，每块鱼片都由平直的形状，慢慢卷起来成为圆筒状，这和卷起的铺盖外形差不多，而且卷的过程也很相像。

人们由此产生了联想，就用“炒鱿鱼”代替“卷铺盖”，也就是表示被解雇和开除的意思。

博客blog
“博客”一词是从英文单词Blog翻译而来。

Blog是Weblog的简称，而Weblog则是由Web和Log两个英文单词组合而成。

Weblog就是在网络上发布和阅读的流水记录，通常称为“网络日志”，简称为“网志”。

炒股to speculate in the stock market
炒股就是买卖股票，靠做股票生意而牟利。

“股市有风险，入市需谨慎”这句话是每个投资者都应该牢记在心的。

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