麦田里的守望者主人公霍尔顿形象解读张艳丽
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形...
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形...Thesis: An Analysis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析School or Department: College of Foreign LanguagesGrade and Specialty: 2005, English EducationName: Chen BaiqiangAdvisor: Zhou Qingchi (Associate Professor)March 10, 2009AcknowledgementsWith the composition of the thesis coming to an end, I have at last obtained an opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Chou Qingchi, who has not only given me her generous and instructive advice, and valuable materials, but also spent much time reading and correcting the manuscript of the thesis. Besides, teachers‘ constant encouragement and help during my study here could not be underestimated for the fulfillment of this thesis.I am also thankful to other teachers of English Department, whose courses I have attended and from whom I have learned much.I would also like to acknowledge my deep indebtedness to my parents who spare no pains bringing me up.AbstractHolden Caulfield is the young leading character in The Catcher in the Rye with Salinger‘s celebrated works which was praised in the American literary arena. He was the representative of US youth‘s statue at that time to some extent. His individual character of cynicism and kind-heartedness deeply shocked generations of American readers.Holden is a man of marked individuality. The key point what this paper analyzes is his personal characters. Holden lives in the society with contradi ctions. ―Phony‖, probably the most famous phrase from The Catcher in the Rye, is one of Holden‘s favorite concepts. It is his catcher—all for describing hypocrisy and ugliness that encounters in the world around him. As a rebel, he is struggling with the world. Meanwhile he is in deep love with purity of his childhood and innocence of children. More importantly, he defends children‘s soul and keeps watch the bright ideal. This paper centers on two major aspects to analyze characters of Holden. One is his rebellious spirit; the other is his consistent pursuit of defending purity and seeking lofty ideal.Through a in-depth study on the personality of the leading character, this paper helps the readers understand the classical figure of Holden, the reality of American society after World WarⅡand the profound significance of this work.Key words: Innocence; Rebel; Phony摘要霍尔顿是塞林格扬名美国文坛的名作《麦田里的守望者》的小主人公,他可以称得上是代表当时美国青年的铸像。
试析《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象
试析《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象摘要:《麦田的守望者》是美国小说家塞林格的代表作,这是一部严肃的现实主义作品,同时也是美国当代文学中的经典之作。
作品中塑造的霍尔顿形象一直以来在文学界和社会上都存在着很大的影响,毁誉参半,在今天仍然具有十分重要的现实意义。
对同一部小说的认识如此泾渭分明,主要是因为审美和意识形态的存在着差距。
在本文中尝试对霍尔顿这一形象进行分析,联系当前社会现实,从审美和意识形态角度出发来对其进行重新解读。
关键词:霍尔顿形象;审美差距;意识形态Abstract: "the catcher in the Rye" is the representative of American novelist Salinger, this is a realistic work seriously, but also inthe contemporary American literature classic. Work in shaping the image of Holton has been in the literary circles and society have great influence, today still has get both praise and blame, is of great practical significance. Understanding of the same novel soquite distinct from each other mainly because of aesthetic ideology, and there is a gap between the. In this paper, the author tries to analyze the image of Holton, contact the current social reality, and re interpret it from the perspective of aesthetics and ideology.Key words: Holton image; aesthetic gap; ideology前言塞林格的长篇小说《麦田的守望者》在1951年出版,出版之后对于主人公霍尔顿的争议就一直存在,褒贬不一。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格1. 引言1.1 介绍《麦田里的守望者》及主人公霍尔顿《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格创作的一部小说,主要讲述了一个叫霍尔顿·考菲尔德的青少年在纽约度过的三天两夜的经历。
霍尔顿是一个反叛的少年,他对现实世界和社会规范抱有强烈的不满和反感,对虚伪和矫揉造作的行为深感厌恶。
他是一个独来独往的人,不喜欢与人交往,对人际关系持怀疑态度。
霍尔顿的个性备受争议,有人认为他是一个病态叛逆的颓废者,但也有人认为他是一个敢于挑战社会假面具的清道夫。
无论如何,他的形象无疑让读者印象深刻,引发了人们对其内心世界的无尽探索和思考。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格在小说中得到了充分展现,他同时具有对社会的愤世嫉俗和对世界的纯真向往,是一个复杂多变的人物。
在霍尔顿的内心世界中,我们看到了一个同时存在着虚伪和真实、悲观和乐观、愤怒和温柔的人格,这种矛盾性格使他呈现出一种独特的魅力和魅力。
2. 正文2.1 霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现在对社会规范的反叛与对真实性的追求霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现在对社会规范的反叛与对真实性的追求。
霍尔顿是一个叛逆的少年,他对社会的虚伪和假装感到极度厌恶,因此他经常表现出对权威和规则的反抗。
他讨厌虚伪的人和虚伪的行为,更愿意追求真实和纯粹。
这种对社会规范的反叛行为和对真实性的追求形成了霍尔顿矛盾性格的一个重要方面。
在小说中,霍尔顿经常指责别人虚伪不真诚,但他自己也并不完全真实。
他常常撒谎遮掩自己的内心真实感受,对外表造成了一个完全不同的形象,这种行为与他对真实的追求产生了冲突。
他虽然反对社会规范,但自己也无法完全摆脱社会赋予的角色和期望。
2.2 霍尔顿表现出对人性的矛盾态度霍尔顿在《麦田里的守望者》中表现出对人性的矛盾态度,这体现在他对周围人的看法和态度的多变性上。
一方面,霍尔顿对许多人持有批判和不信任的态度,他认为大部分人都是虚伪和自私的。
他对学校同学和老师的看法都非常负面,认为他们都是做作和虚伪的。
《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿人物形象分析 霍尔顿是个怎样的人
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《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析
《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析发布时间:2021-12-07T05:36:38.907Z 来源:《教育研究》2021年12月中35期作者:陈姣姣[导读] 霍尔顿是塞林格著名的文学作品《麦田里的守望者》里的小主人公,也是当时美国年轻人的代表人物。
本文将着重分析研究霍尔顿的个性特征。
将从霍尔顿矛盾性格对立的角度,对他的两方面个性特征进行分析,包括其个性中的反叛性以及其坚守纯真,追求幸福的崇高愿望。
同时探究主人公霍尔顿矛盾性格形成的成因,从社会环境和教育环境两个维度来解读,以期能探索其性格形成的根源。
西安外事学院陈姣姣摘要:霍尔顿是塞林格著名的文学作品《麦田里的守望者》里的小主人公,也是当时美国年轻人的代表人物。
本文将着重分析研究霍尔顿的个性特征。
将从霍尔顿矛盾性格对立的角度,对他的两方面个性特征进行分析,包括其个性中的反叛性以及其坚守纯真,追求幸福的崇高愿望。
同时探究主人公霍尔顿矛盾性格形成的成因,从社会环境和教育环境两个维度来解读,以期能探索其性格形成的根源。
关键词: 霍尔顿;人物形象;性格前言《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家塞林格的代表作,从这部世界知名的作品中,我们可以看到作者通过细腻的笔触为我们塑造了一位具有复杂且矛盾的独特性格的主人公。
显然,上述塑造人物的方式并不是塞林格独创的,最早在上世纪初期,海明威等一些作家在创作有关战争对青少年心理影响的作品时,此类小说的着手点就是叙述战争对青少年产生的伤害。
和海明威等人的作品不同的是,即便《麦田里的守望者》也重点叙述战争对青少年的现实影响,但其更加关注主人公性格中叛逆和反抗精神的叙述,本文主要基于《麦田里的守望者》主人公的复杂性格开展全面且详细的探究,同时探究主人公霍尔顿矛盾性格形成的成因,从社会环境和教育环境两个维度来解读,以及对当前社会发展和个人成长带来积极的影响。
一、《麦田里的守望者》人物性格(一)积极向上的性格特点1.追求纯真理想由于霍尔顿与丑陋的世界作斗争,他对社会的腐败和虚伪感到失望。
《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿心理透视
霍 尔顿 虽然具有令人反感 的各种特 质 ,可是由于他透彻的
观察力使他并没有让别人觉得讨厌 。霍 尔顿 敏锐的个性 中透露 出他锋 利的眼光 ,他可 以用 自己的眼光看穿 那些掩藏在表象下
面 的真 相 , 同时 能 够 找 出 问 题 的 关 键 之 处 。从 这 个 方 面 来 看 , 霍 尔顿是有一定智 慧的。这样 的霍尔顿能够对 外部 世界有 自己不 同的认识 ,导致霍尔顿在要求事物完美 的基 础上与世界变得格 格不入 , 让 他 无 法 适 应 到 周 围 的 环境 当 中 。
一
与 外 界 之 间 平衡 的途 径
但是 ,我们必须认识 到外部 的本来 就是充斥 着真善美与假 丑恶 的 , 是相互融 合在一起 的, 有时候是很难 区分开来 的 , 从 而 显得社会是如此繁杂和混乱 。我们 知道社会有真 善美 那就必有 假丑恶。 而霍尔顿在这一点上能够意识到这个 生活的真理 。 可是
无 法和他周边的环境相融合 , 甚至可 以说是相互矛盾 的 , 不愿意 遵 守成 人世界各 种各样 的规定 和要求 。他的这种心理状态主要 是 由下面几个方 面造成 的。
1 . 自身 特 有 的 个性
霍尔顿在《 麦 田里 的守望者》 中表现 出对不幸 的人们 的同情 和怜悯。 他觉得社会不公不是 因为 自己的利益受损 , 而是因为他 人遭受到不公的待遇 。 举个小说 中的例子 , 霍尔顿与妓女一同进 入房间却没有要 玷污她的意思 ,这是 因为霍 尔顿 对这个 妓女表 现出怜 悯和爱。霍 尔顿会 因为妓女在如此 的花季却失 去和同龄 人一样的纯真而感 到内心难受 。
得领悟的时刻。
结语
的不理解 和漠视 与孩 子内心 的体贴 和敏感 之间的矛盾对霍尔顿 的心理造成 了很 大的影 响。
叛逆与成长:《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象剖析
叛逆与成长:《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象剖析一、《麦田里的守望者》简介《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格创作于1951年的小说,被誉为20世纪最重要的作品之一。
小说以第一人称叙述方式呈现,主要讲述了十六岁少年霍尔顿·考菲尔德在纽约度过一个周末,并且揭示了他对社会虚伪和人性善恶的思考。
二、霍尔顿·考菲尔德的叛逆性格1. 反对社会假象霍尔顿对社会虚伪深感厌恶,他嘲笑那些为了个人利益而丧失真实自我的人。
他反抗着虚伪面具所代表的成熟和冷漠,代表着对荒谬行为及其动机达到极限情绪。
> "呆板如石英钟机,设法享有一点私下空间;但你知道老子病毒已感染社会——尤其是市场松复时期、“国家安全(显然是指第二次洲际战争)”百廷争议节。
“ (《麦田里的守望者》)2. 对成人世界的不认同霍尔顿排斥成人世界,认为他们无法理解年轻人内心的真实感受。
他对家长、老师以及社会阶层有非常负面的看法,他无法适应这个伪善与冷漠并存的世界,因此努力寻找一个发泄自我的出口。
> "同时我幻想荒谬无厘头事、踏足外地;新地方、孤独美好。
某些时候我想沿途找个远远离开人类完全见识个反脱离,住农场或训练角斗士。
”(《麦田里的守望者》)3. 保护天真与纯洁霍尔顿认为儿童是纯洁无邪的,他试图将这种纯真保留下来,并愿意为此付出努力。
他认为自己有责任站出来保护那些即将失去天真童真的孩子们。
> “当你跑到在馆员前敏捷婴琵琶声飞,而又知道:完犊子!你傻了。
- 而这短促落胎期。
(《麦田里的守望者》)三、霍尔顿·考菲尔德的成长过程1. 寻找自我认同在矛盾与反叛中,霍尔顿不断尝试寻找自己的定位和认同。
他试图通过观察别人和推敲事物来理解自己。
这个过程是艰难且充满挫折的,但也逐渐帮助他建立了清晰的价值观。
> “其积极与阴暗演技操遥控大有真意之来源_起重机作工需要如果所题材支撑范围召任[边界具备请博格对你拉链扣环采伏共染窗户测试问造}`《麦田里的守望者》)2. 学会接纳现实经历一系列挫折和成长后,霍尔顿逐渐认识到无法永远保持理想与天真童心。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格摘要:美国作家塞林格的《麦田里的守望者》刻画了霍尔顿这一经典的文学形象。
霍尔顿是个善良并渴望爱的少年,但他却生活在一个缺乏温情的社会里,更糟糕的是他即将在没有他人理解,缺少他人引导的情况下步入成人社会。
这样的处境导致他生活寂寞,学业失败,最终精神崩溃。
本文从不同的角度分析主人公霍尔顿矛盾的心理历程。
关键词:精神世界;矛盾;叛逆;妥协《麦田里的守望者》被誉为20世纪美国当代经典。
这本小说用第一人称讲述了主人公霍尔顿在逃离学校后,在纽约该特定的社会环境中两天两夜的短暂人生历程。
本文通过霍尔顿的所见所闻所感,揭露了当时社会的种种陋习,揭示了资本主义光鲜亮丽外表下的丑恶。
作者用生动形象地描写了一个中产阶级子弟在50年代这样一个特定历史时期,在丑陋的社会中,由心中存有孤独、苦闷压抑、彷徨,到最后精神失常的历程。
霍尔顿是文章思想的载体,对他的分析有助于我们进一步解读小说的蕴意。
一、霍尔顿性格的演变(一)叛逆反抗最初的霍尔顿是叛逆不羁的。
他出生于一个富裕的中产阶级家庭,长得高出常人一头,整天身穿风雨衣,头戴鸭舌帽,嘴里叼着抽烟,四处游荡,不愿读书。
他对学校里的老师、同学和家长等全都腻烦透顶。
他认为老师和家长强迫他好好读书,为的是出人头地,以便将来买辆凯迪拉克。
而在学校里一天到晚干的,就是谈女人,酒和性,他看不惯周围的一切,根本没心思用功读书,因而老是挨罚,他已经先后三次被三所学校开除。
宾夕法尼亚州的私立学校是他讀的第四所学校,又一个学期结束了,因5门功课中4门不及格,他又接到将被劝退的通知,他一点也不觉得羞愧。
尽管霍尔顿出生在一个富裕的家庭,他从不为自己的家庭感到骄傲或与自己的父母关系亲近,就像他自己说的那样“我要是细谈我父母的个人私事他们俩准会大脾气。
对于这类事情他们最容易生气特别是我父亲。
他们为人倒是挺不错——我并不想说他们的坏话——可他们的确很容易生气”。
霍尔顿的家庭能给他最多的支持就是金钱,由于自小缺少家庭关爱和引导,霍尔顿形成了奇怪的性格。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家塞林格的代表作。
小说的主人公霍尔顿是一个十七岁的男孩,他经常表现出一种矛盾的性格特征,同时展现出强烈的反叛心态和孤独感。
本文将从以下几个方面对霍尔顿的矛盾性格做一浅析。
一、寻求真实和追求虚幻的矛盾霍尔顿一方面非常珍爱真实,憎恶虚伪,他认为社会上的许多人都是虚伪的,带着面具生活。
但另一方面他也会逃避现实,通过想象来逃避现实,他幻想着有一个神秘的地方,人们在那里不受批判地做自己想做的事情。
这种寻求真实和追求虚幻的矛盾使霍尔顿陷入了孤独和尴尬的境地。
二、爱恨交加的矛盾霍尔顿对周围的人经常表现出爱恨交加的情绪。
他对他的妹妹菲茨刻意保护,但是又不能忍受她成长为一个女人。
他对弟弟艾伦的死感到非常难过,但是又因为父母的反应而感到非常愤怒和失望。
而且,尽管霍尔顿在社会上表现得非常反叛,但他却表现出极度的渴望被别人关心和爱护的渴望,这种矛盾情感也反映了霍尔顿极端复杂内心。
三、明白人和愚蠢人的矛盾霍尔顿非常鄙视那些他认为愚蠢的人,他对他所见到的一些方面的愚蠢的现实表示出强烈的不满和反感。
然而,霍尔顿又非常看重那些他认为是聪明而有才智的人,他喜欢那些独立思考的人,而且往往对那些发现了自己矛盾的人给予极度的尊重。
这种矛盾表明霍尔顿有着相对固定的价值观同时又有许多无法理解和理解的结构和信仰。
“麦田里的守望者”是一本描绘成长期间的人性与社会现实交汇的小说,通过描绘霍尔顿的性格矛盾,展现了一个孩子心态与现实间的巨大裂缝。
霍尔顿内心深处所面对的矛盾,反映人生本身就是一个充满矛盾的过程,是我们从无知到理智,从稚嫩到成熟自我认知的过程。
《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿形象解读
虽然霍 尔顿逃离 了学校 , 但却无 法逃 离社会 ; 虽 然他流浪在繁华 喧嚣的纽约城 ,但他无法 与周围的 人进行 交流 , 没有 人理 解他 , 他依 然是孤 独 的 , 无论 他逃到 哪里都逃 不开人与人之 间的冷漠和 虚伪 。他 感到一种难 以名状 的 、 刻 骨铭心 的寂 寞 , 为 了摆脱 这 种可怕 的寂寞 , 他开始 了复 杂而矛盾 的生活 , 他 厌恶 成人世界 , 却不断地 以喝酒 、 鬼混 等各种成人化 的行 为证 明 自己已经成人 ; 他 讨厌 虚伪 、 欺骗 和说 教 , 却 不 断地 编造谎话 、 训斥 别人 ; 他厌 恶 电影 , 却不得 不 在 电影院虚度 时光 ; 他讨厌 女友萨丽 的虚荣 , 却 又与 她搂搂抱抱 ; 他讨厌没有爱 情的性关 系 , 却在 无聊时 叫来妓女 ; 他向往宁静和真 实的生活 , 却又沉溺 于浮
一
座大楼 , 他每次来学校 学生们都会 向他 欢呼致敬 ,
做一 个麦 田里 的守 望者挽救孩 子的纯真 。小说形 象 地再现 了 2 0世 纪 5 0年代美 国青少年 的迷惘 和成长 困惑 ,性格复杂而又 矛盾 的霍 尔顿 的成长 经历是美
国青少年成长 的缩 影。
一
但霍尔顿却认 为他 是一个卑鄙 无耻 、口是心 非的家 伙。霍尔顿强烈地厌恶和反感成 人世界 , 更痛恨 自己 即将迈 入这 个社会 ,这 与他渴 望的美 好与天 真 、 做 “ 麦 田里 的守望者 ” 的美好 愿望相 违背 , 因而在 现实 生活 中。 他显得格格不入 。
二、 理想爱情和纯真友谊 的寻求者
在 冷漠 、 虚伪 的现实生活 中 , 霍尔顿渴望得 到纯 真的友谊和理想 的爱情。霍尔顿有 一顶红色 的猎人
学校里 的一切 都是骗人 的 , 是 不诚实 的 , 是被 宠坏 的 孩子 的收 容所 , 周围“ 全 都是伪君 子” , 学生们 愚昧麻 木, 整天无所事事 , 只知 道谈论女人 、 酒; 校长 是一个 可怕 的势 利眼 ; 就连谆 谆教导 、 与他 关系十分融 洽 的 老教 师斯 宾塞先生也是 一个同性恋 者。这一切 都使
浅析《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿的人物形象
收稿日期:2019—04—12作者简介:张建华,女,山西太原人,硕士,助教,研究方向:英语语言文学。
浅析《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿的人物形象张建华(中北大学人文学院,山西太原030051)摘要:《麦田守望者》是20世纪美国著名作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格迄今为止出版的唯一一部长篇小说,也是极具代表性的一部作品。
小说一经出版极受欢迎,但是也引起评论界的各种褒贬不一的争论,而争论的关键点就在于主人公霍尔顿·考菲尔德的人物形象。
本论文指出霍尔顿的时代特色,并论述霍尔顿的矛盾心理以及霍尔顿为走出创伤所做的努力,通过这些客观分析可以为研究主人公霍尔顿的形象及人格分裂的原因等提供一个全新视角。
关键词:麦田守望者霍尔顿;创伤;精神崩溃中图分类号:I109文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009—2234(2019)04—0155—03一、引言作为20世纪一部经典的美国文学作品,《麦田里的守望者》的创作来源于作者塞林格的早年真实经历,体现了自身的价值观。
小说在叙事上采用第一人称视角,讲述了16岁的美国少年霍尔顿·考菲尔德在被学校第四次开除后因惧怕父母责怪,混迹于纽约街头一天两夜,抽几包烟、花一些钱,最终因精神崩溃不得不入院治疗的痛苦经历,但是却成了“现代经典”。
在该小说出版后,受到美国社会开始疯狂追捧,尤其是在校园里模仿小说主人公霍尔顿的行为随处可见,身着风衣,倒戴鸭舌帽,模仿霍尔顿的言行举止。
如今,追捧风早已过去,而且通过对小说的分析,我们发现主人公霍尔顿在他言行相悖的背后所隐藏的诸多创伤。
正是因为他一次次受到身心伤害,才变成了他人眼中“异常奇怪的孩子”。
尽管作者知道生活的真实样子,但是他仍将很多无法实现的愿望寄托于梦想,为自己也为他人在杜撰一个传奇人物,这部作品有太多的幻想色彩理由。
它是一种幻觉需要,而不是实际生活,很适合处于青春时期的少年思想。
二、霍尔顿的时代特色20世纪50年代,二战已经成为过去时,人们终于摆脱了金戈铁马的日子,开始平淡的生活,但是正是这种单调、平淡的生活,使这些向往自由的人们有一种莫名的压抑感。
解构《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿“反英雄”形象
Destructuring "Anti-hero" of Holton s Character in The Catcher in the Rye
作者: 梁艳君[1]
作者机构: [1]大连民族学院外国语言文化学院,辽宁大连116600
出版物刊名: 中央民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版
页码: 95-97页
主题词: 美国文学;麦田里的守望者;霍尔顿
摘要:塑造英雄形象是西方文化的伟大传统,但是自现实主义文学发展起来直至现在,取而代之的却是对于"英雄"的解构,是在后现代语境观照下的"反英雄"。
本文试图从"反英雄"的角度,对《麦田里的守望者》中主人公霍尔顿的形象加以分析,揭示出其内在的人格意义。
试析《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象
试析《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象摘要:《麦田的守望者》是美国小说家塞林格的代表作,这是一部严肃的现实主义作品,同时也是美国当代文学中的经典之作。
作品中塑造的霍尔顿形象一直以来在文学界和社会上都存在着很大的影响,毁誉参半,在今天仍然具有十分重要的现实意义。
对同一部小说的认识如此泾渭分明,主要是因为审美和意识形态的存在着差距。
在本文中尝试对霍尔顿这一形象进行分析,联系当前社会现实,从审美和意识形态角度出发来对其进行重新解读。
关键词:霍尔顿形象;审美差距;意识形态Abstract: "the catcher in the Rye" is the representative of American novelist Salinger, this is a realistic work seriously, but also in the contemporary American literature classic. Work in shaping the image of Holton has been in the literary circles and society have great influence, today still has get both praise and blame, is of great practical significance. Understanding of the same novel so quite distinct from each other mainly because of aesthetic ideology, and there is a gap between the. In this paper, the author tries to analyze the image of Holton, contact the current social reality, and re interpret it from the perspective of aesthetics and ideology.Key words: Holton image; aesthetic gap; ideology前言塞林格的长篇小说《麦田的守望者》在1951年出版,出版之后对于主人公霍尔顿的争议就一直存在,褒贬不一。
麦田里的守望者主人公霍尔顿形象解读张艳丽
麦田里的守望者主人公霍尔顿形象解读张艳丽《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿形象解读张艳丽杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格是美国著名的现代作家,他出生于一个富裕的犹太人家庭,他的母亲是爱尔兰人。
塞林格曾就读于宾夕法尼亚州的福奇谷军事学校,二战中在欧洲服役,并参加了诺曼底战役,战争结束后塞林格专门从事写作。
《麦田里的守望者》是塞林格的代表作,这部作品被誉为“现代经典”,也使塞林格成为继海明威之后最受欢迎的美国作家。
作品中的主人公霍尔顿出生于一个富裕的中产阶级家庭,他就读于颇有声望的潘西中学,但是这所学校的教学管理封闭、教学理念落后、教学内容陈旧,压抑了青少年的个性发展。
为此,霍尔顿离开了潘西中学,开始在纽约流浪了3天,但是他发现自己面对的是一个罪恶的、物欲至上的世界,人们都处于被一个虚伪、备下、无耻、冷漠包围的异化社会里。
[1]为此,霍尔顿强烈憎恨这个令人厌恶的成人世界,情愿做一名“麦田里的守望者”。
一、霍尔顿的形象特征(一)行善的教徒霍尔顿并不是一个教徒,他对宗教并不感兴趣,甚至还有几分厌恶,霍尔顿常用诙谐、谩骂的语言评论牧师、僧侣等,称他们全都是傻杂种。
霍尔顿之所以讨厌僧侣,不进教堂,是因为他不喜欢牧师的伪善与虚伪。
霍尔顿不是教徒,因而他不像教徒一样满口仁义道德,充满伪善,总是以上帝的代言人的姿态高谈阔论,霍尔顿总是想用实实在在的行动来践行自己的信仰,如他在非常拮据的时候拿出十块钱给两个修女。
因而,霍尔顿虽不是一个教徒,但是他在践行着教徒的行为,他比教徒更接近上帝。
(二)鬼混中爱情理想的坚守者霍尔顿出生于富裕的中产阶级家庭,他有着优越的家庭条件,虽然整天生活于享乐之中,但是他从未堕落或放弃自己的原则。
例如开电梯的老毛里斯建议他找个小姐玩玩,他就感到非常不适应,他感到背弃了自己的做人原则,在等待妓女的过程中他总是感到紧张与慌乱,什么都不想做。
从这里可以看出霍尔顿有自己的道德准则,他不愿意背弃自己的理想与爱情,因而他想到了自己的恋人琴,并因此而感到内疚。
麦田里的守望者霍尔顿性格及其形成的原因分析
麦田里的守望者霍尔顿性格及其形成的原因分析站点: 上海专业: 英语年级: 10 春姓名: 史译学号: z10100004025指导老师: 张琳麦田里的守望者霍尔顿性格及其形成的原因分析摘要《麦田里的守望者》通过一个律师家庭出身的中学生霍尔顿在第四次被学校开除后,由于害怕父母的责备而浪迹于纽约三天两夜的经理和感受,反映了五十年代美国青少年精神上所面临的问题与困境。
主人公霍尔顿看透了周围世界的虚假, 他试图超越这个虚假的社会, 努力去寻求真诚与友爱. 作者把他放入了一个两难的处境: 反抗,目光敏锐的霍尔顿知道是无用的;妥协,爱好真实的他无法接受。
他用消极的方式表达自己对这个虚假社会的愤怒,同时向往做一个麦田里的守望者挽救孩子的纯真。
他的性格和行动使得自己带入孤独与绝望,无路可走。
在小说结尾,霍尔顿经历矛盾、抗争,最终回到社会。
尽管他付出了惨重的代价—精神崩溃,但他最终认清了人生成长的历程,适应了社会。
本文将通过各种对小说中各种象征物及情节的分析来阐述霍尔顿的三大个性特征及其形成原因。
关键词:孺弱,正直,善良,叛逆目录引言 (1)一、霍尔顿的个性特征 (1)1、霍尔顿的懦弱,消极被动和不愿面对现实 (2)2、霍尔顿的正直,善良和对美好精神生活的向往.................................... 错误!未定义书签。
3、霍尔顿对自然,纯真和永恒的热爱和执著............................................. 错误!未定义书签。
二、霍尔顿性格的形成原因 .................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
三、形成霍尔顿悲剧的原因 (5)1、战后庸俗、虚伪的资本主义社会现实 (5)2、错误的教育导向 (6)3、软弱、胆小的个性特征 (7)结束语 (7)参考文献 (8)《麦田里的守望者》通过一个律师家庭出身的中学生霍尔顿在第四次被学校开除后,由于害怕父母的责备而浪迹于纽约三天两夜的经理和感受,反映了五十年代美国青少年精神上所面临的问题与困境。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格的代表作,其主人公霍尔顿是一位充满矛盾性格的角色。
在小说中,霍尔顿半途辍学,游荡在外,对生活感到迷茫,同时又有着强烈的责任感和道德观念。
本文将从霍尔顿的自私和孤独、责任感和道德观念、性格发展及其内心的矛盾冲突等方面进行分析。
一、霍尔顿的自私和孤独霍尔顿是一个极具自私和孤独感的人。
他常常把自己封闭在自己的世界里,不肯与其他人分享内心的想法和感受。
他对更年长的女性有着一种使她们满意的才艺,但却拒绝他们的亲近,显得异常孤独。
霍尔顿对自己的未来很悲观,不喜欢学校生活,却也不愿意回家。
这种自我放逐的行为让他失去了跟父亲和妹妹的交往,这让他显得更加不快乐和孤独。
二、责任感和道德观念除了自私和孤独之外,霍尔顿还表现出对社会和对他人的责任感和道德观念。
他认为世界太糟糕了,总想去改变它。
小说中,霍尔顿对于那些他认为在人类心灵深处造成危险的事物非常敏感,例如文学中或电影中的暴力和偏见。
他批评电影《死亡谷》中的暴力,觉得它在引导人们去制造暴力。
这种责任感和道德观念体现了霍尔顿的主人公人格。
三、性格发展的矛盾冲突霍尔顿的性格发展有着明显的矛盾冲突。
他表现得既成熟又幼稚,既清晰又混乱,既有责任感又有放纵。
他在情感上也是矛盾的,既渴望人与人之间的联系,又拒绝与他人建立情感联系。
在小说中,霍尔顿对于堕落的世界非常敏感,但他却无法找到改变这个世界的方法。
面对自己的无能和矛盾情况,霍尔顿反而更加失落和困惑。
总之,霍尔顿的矛盾性格深深地影响了他的人生经历。
他既具备责任感和道德观念,又表现出自私和孤独。
他既渴望与人建立关系,又拒绝与他人建立情感联系。
这种内心矛盾让他无法摆脱人生的枷锁,时常陷入困境之中。
从这个角度看,霍尔顿的故事也提醒我们应该认识到自己的矛盾,同时关注和理解其他人的情感需求,寻找合适的方式处理我们的内心矛盾。
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析 霍尔顿人物形象
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析霍尔顿人物形象《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析黑体小二号居中,单倍行距摘要霍尔顿是塞林格著名的文学作品《麦田里的守望者》里的小主人公,也是当时美国年轻人的代表人物。
显而易见,形象鲜活的霍尔顿给各个时代的读者都带来了深深地震撼。
本文将着重分析研究霍尔顿的个性特征。
主人公所处的现实社会是矛盾的、对立的。
“假模假样”是这部小说中的一个经典词语,也是主人公常用的词语。
本文将从霍尔顿矛盾性格对立的角度,对他的两方面个性特征进行分析,包括其个性中的反叛性以及其坚守纯真,追求幸福的崇高愿望。
同时探究主人公霍尔顿矛盾性格形成的成因,从社会环境和教育环境两个维度来解读,以期能探索其性格形成的根源。
为了让读者能够更深入的了解主人公和第二次世界大战后美国的社会现状,及作品背后蕴藏的深意,本文对霍尔顿这个具有代表性的人物形象作了深刻的剖析。
关键词: 纯真;性格分析;假模假样;反叛 Abstract Holden is the young protagonist of the famous literaryworks “The Catcher in the Rye“, which is written by Salinger.At the same time, Holden also represents the youth of American at that time.It is obvious that the vivid image of Holden profoundly impacts all its readers.This thesis will focus on analyzing the personality characteristics of Holden.The real society in which the protagonist lives is contradictory and antagonistic.“Phony“ is a classic words in the novel, and it is also monly used by the protagonist.It vividly described social hypocrisy and ugliness in the eyes of Holden.This article will analyze Holden’s contradictory character from two aspects, including the rebelliousness in his personality and his noble ideals of defending for purity and chasing happiness.Meanwhile, this paper also e_plores causes that formed Holden’s contradictory personality by analyzing social and environmental factors, aiming to find out the root of his character.In order to give the reader a deeper understanding on the protagonist, the social situation of the UnitedStates after in the Second World War, and the profound meaning behind the works, this article makes a profound analysis on the representative image of Holden.Key words: Purity; personality analysis; phony; rebel Contents 摘要ⅰ Abstract ⅱ Contents ⅲ ChapterOne Introduction 2 1.1 Holden Caulfield 2 1.2 TheAuthor and the Significance of the Novel 2 Chapter Tow Holden—the Innocent image in The Catcher in the Rye 22.1 Holden — A Young Man Loving Pure Childhood Time 22.2 Holden--A Patron God for Children 2 2.2.1 The Ideal Eden 2 2.2.2 A Catcher 2 Chapter Three A RebelResenting the World 2 3.1 A Rebel against MundaneAffairs 2 3.1.1 A Rebel against the School 2 3.1.2 A Symbol for the Rebel— Red Hunter Cap 2 3.2 Evading inthe Revolt 2 3.3 Growing in the Revolt 2 Chapter FourThe reasons of Contradictory character 2 4.1 The social environment 2 4.2 The education environment 2 ChapterFive Conclusion 2 Bibliography 2 Acknowledgements 21 Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Holden Caulfield Thehero in The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, was a middle school student, who was born in a rich middle-class family.He was only 16 years old, but he was taller than normal teenagers of the same age.He always wore a cap and trench coat every day.Holden did not like studying at school, and wase_pelled from school three times.Although he was e_pelled for failing four of his five subjects at the end of one semester, he didn't feel sorry.After fighting with his classmates, he didn’t dare to go home.Then he found a small hotel to live in for one day.And he saw some men and women with disordered life there.There was a man who wore women clothes; each of his postures made Holden feel sick.He would hang out in clubs every time he felt bored.He was annoyed when returning back to the hotel.So he agreed with Maurice’s advice to work as an elevator worker, since Maurice would find a prostitutefor him.But when the prostitute came, he felt nervous and scared, and finally had to give five dollars to the prostitute.The ne_t day, Holden donated $10 to two nuns while wandering in the street.Holden went skating with his girlfriend Sally after watching a match.When he saw Sally’s insincerity, Holden felt bad.Holden didn’t want to go home or continue to go to school.Therefore, he decided to make a living in the westand pretended to be a deaf and dumb to live his rest life.But before leaving, he would like to see his sister.So he called her.Having waited for her for a long time, he saw hissister Phoebe arrived dragging a big suitcase full of her clothes.She was determined to go with her brother to the west.Finally, because of his sister’s persistence, he had to give up his plan to the west.1.2 The Author and the Significance of the Novel The Catcher in the Rye is one of the greatest works of modern literature.The author, Jerome David Salinger, wrote this novel whiling publishing some short novels.However, it had made significant impact on thesociety and literature of America.The Catcher in the Rye was popular among American teenagers, because it reflected their inside feeling.Critics believed it was the best “initiation novel”.They considered that the novel had some similarities with Huckleberry Finn, a masterpiece of Mark Twain.After it published, The Catcher in the Rye directly influenced creating novels of this kind.“I just wanted to be a catcher in the rye” is its symbolic image, representing the whole meaning of the novel.Salinger hoped to have such a dream that he could acpany the growth of children.Holden’ hunter red hat, another profound meaning of the image, consistently e_isted through the whole novel.The hero would like to be “the catcher in the rye” and then he would be responsible for the safety ofchildren and alert like a hunter.His hat stood for his ideal and responsibility and also the harbor of body and mind.Later he gave the hat to his most beloved sister hoping that she could approve with his thoughts and actions.Chapter Two Holden—the Innocent Image in The Catcher in the Rye 2.1 Holden — a Young Man Loving Pure Childhood Time It can be known from the novel that Holden did not like the hypocrisy of society, and looked forwards to chase the purity of childhood.As long as purity is mentioned, it will make the pure world occur to our mind.In this novel, the pure world was demonstrated by the representative characters.The first one was Alley who was Holden's younger brother.He loved Alley for the reason that Alley was his brother as well as because his chasteness and wisdom.As Holden remembered, he slept in the carbarn at the time when Alley died.So he always thought that he should be responsible for Alley’s death.Because he was particularly sad, his fists fiercely broke the glass window.Additionally, he also had the mind that he would die, too.There is another detail that also could found he loved Alley very much: he had been keeping Alley’s baseball glove.As Stradlater's request Holden created an article whose content is concerning about the gloves.He often talked to Alley, and it seemed that his younger brother still stayed beside him.As Phoebe asked Holden about what kind thing and person he liked, it often easily made hime to has his cute brother in mind.He knew that Alley had died, but he was the symbol of purity in his heart.Holden e_erted all his energies to conrcern with Phoebe when faced her.He looked forward to defend her innocent and pure heart.As he was swallowed by the hypocritical people as well as society, and even as he almost lost hope for everyth ing, then he entered Phoebe’s room.He told her that he was afraid he would not have an opportunity to see her any more before his death.At the time he made up his mind to go to the West, he said goodbye to Phoebe.He was almost insane when he found the obscene words on the her school walls.It was very has for him to imagine that if students see these kinds of words, what would appear in their mind.Phoebe had e_pressed her willing to pany with him, but he refused frankly.He looked forward her keeping a positive and optimistic attitude towards her life.One time she just said a simple words “shut up”, which surprised him a lot.In Holden's mind, when encounter troublesome things, he would think the little girls wearing skating shoes wew very lovable.H ere, the word “lovable“ was employed to describethe world in opposition to “hypocritical”.As to the meaning of “lovable“, it contained the quality of sincerity and innocent, and all of them were illustrated by children.Holden had encountered two nuns, both of them were quite nice because they put all their heart and soul to help others, which was different to his aunts who wouldnot do good things.In addition, his aunt would never appear before the public without making up.However, the nuns were not do the same, so they were the symbol of adult's purity.What's more, there were a lot of other thingsoccured in his mind every now and then, for e_le his girlfriend Jane, Richard who spoke unconstrainedly inoral class, the changeless duck, the fish in lake, aswell as the relic in museum, and even a hunter's red cap,all of which transmitted intrinsic signals in his sub-consciousness.In “Survey of Contemporary American Novel” proposed by Huang Tiechi who argued that the signals just keeps two information: the first one is that Holden lovespurity and keeps chasing it, and also looks forward to keep innocence as children; the other is changeless and freezing things, and they all demonstrate hisintelligence and dignity.(Huang, 20__0: 7).2.2 Holden--A Patron God for Children As Holden had fight against the ugly world, he felt quite tired, and he had disappointment about the corruption and mendacity in the society.He desired to run into the real Eden, at which place he could live with purity and honesty.2.2.1 The Ideal Eden As to Holden, the ideal Eden was a pure and innocent place for children.Holden agued the world he lived in were full of wicked and brutal things, and the people were all lousy.Therefore, he preferred to isolate himself from the hated world and people.Different with the inveracious and wicked adult world, children's simplicity made him be pleased and forted.To him, together with children was very important to him, as well as his dream about childhood was significant to him.The children world was as clear as crystal, and itwas a world filled with love, and warm could be found everywhere.Holden kept the ideal it s hould protect children from disturbing, so that they can keep the pure and real nature of human.It is the ideal Eden that made Holden to bee a protector to protect the good nature of children.In the adult world, dismay and corruption were here and there.So, in Holden’s mind, the single thing that worthhim to do is to make all his effort to protect children from not to be influenced, and try his best to maintain their innocent nature.“Anyway, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all.Thousands of little kids, and nobody’s around-nobody big, I mean-e_cept me.And I’m standi ng on the edge of some crazy cliff.What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff-I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going I have to e out from somewhere and catch them.That’s all I’d do all day.I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all.”(Salinger, 1951:173)His biggest wish was to defend purity and children.He believed that people were naive and pure when they were children before decaying by adult.There was no doubt that the ideal Eden was equivalent to a faultless Holy Land.2.2.2 A Catcher Holden created by the author wastest himself and his life concept again.Finally, Holden started to clearly make up his thoughts—a bit incoherently, it was true—concerning the thing he was willing to do in his life.His hope is to be the “catcher”, who can defend children and their purity.He struggled to protect naive children from being disturbed by decadent adult world.He thirsted for philosophical meaning of his life, which keeps a primary moral aim overpassing the reality and practice.The task was as important as a savior.He didn’t mean to be sacrilegious intent, but his only hope was to keep human away from wickedness.The point of view of Holden was that all the unhappy features of a child were because he or her touch the adult world too early.Therefore, he longed for children to maintain purity, and never involving in adult world.Therefore, Holden preferred to bee a catcher in the rye, so that he could save a lot of pure and naive children from the edge of cliff.It can be seen from the novel The Catcher in the Rye that the author assure us that Holden has the noble dream to seek for universal fraternity and spirit.He acted as a mutineer to the society, what’s more, he also manifested as a “catcher” protecting purity and children from the evil adult world.In addition, the purity that the children owned was one of the most distinguished nature of human.Holden’s career was significant,because it was good for children as well as for the whole world.It was no doubt that Holden should get the greatest pliment to some e_tent.Chapter Three A Rebel Resenting the World 3.1 A Rebel against Mundane Affairs From the novel, it can be recognized that people had the right to obtain education right.For the purpose of achieving success, all people tried their best to pursue knowledge.He despised those around him, for e_le his father, his brother and others.Here giving an e_le to illustrate, “The father who is making a lot of dough and plays golf and plays bridge and buys cars and drinks Martinis and looks like a hot-shot.”(Salinger, 1951: 172).His brother was quite clever, D.B, he chose the way to Hollywood, and looked forward to earn money by creating scripts.In addition, Anto Nepali married a old woman who hada lot of treasure.Holden hated all things like those.Therefore, he started to fight against the real world, and hoped to have a wonderful life as he want.3.1.1 A Rebel against the School In the first partof the novel, it described that Holden was weeded out of Pencey because he fail one course out of five ones.However, he hadn’t as the school’s stipulated time, in fact, he left school in advance, which was his own way to revolt against the school.On his own initiative, he left school because of his own willing, but not because of outside driving.He was reluctant to make effort to learn, whichclearly demonstrated he revolted against the educational system at that time.From some details in the story, they could also manifest Holden’s reb ellion characters.Here giving an e_le, once he had visited his teacher Mr.Antolini, who pared and analyzed the difference between immature and mature man, and gave him thesignificant suggestions, but not suicidal suggestion.What was Holden’s response to the sincere advice? He had no interests in listening to suggestions of the teacher, since he only cared for himself.Holden didn’t accept the roles in the world by the constructive way, on the contrary, he rebelled against the school and the family, even the world with the immature attitude.Additionally, he displayed the revolt mood through the words of counter-legitimate and counter-cultured.For instance, it appeared frequently in his words “damn, goddamn, ass, old and so on.” These words appeared with e_tremely high frequency.It seemed as if Holden was degenerating.The implied meanings in these words are his attitude to the society, and they also e_pressed he was disgruntled and sad.His weird words and action made him out of the standards rule of society.3.1.2 A Symbol for the Rebel— Red Hunter Cap As to the red hat from a hunter, it was an unique symbol of the whole novel.The cap stood for Holden’s passive attitude and quality towards a lot of unhappy things in life.He bought it at the time he was repelled in school, and he had mentioned that if he did not want unhappy things to happen, he would wear it.The hunter cap had particular meaning in his dormitory.He said he knew it was hateful to wear the peak to back, but he liked to do it like that.(Salinger,1951:45)After struggling with Stradlater, he displayed his behavior in an idiosyncratic way again.When he left Pencey, he wore the cap again and place the peak behind, which manifested his joyfulness and deliberateness.He often e_plained that he liked it that way, and highlighted that he just liked to do as that, from which it could be seen that demonstrated his choice e_plicitly, and also displayed that he rebelled against the social rule and norm.He made effort to e_press his wish by unnormal way.He looked forward to be himself, and had to manifest him in the hypocritical and insincere world.Generally speaking, the action of rebellion had agitative feature.It was no doubt that this kind of behavior had unique and particular meaning.Therefore, when recognizing the real society was impacted by decadent things, Holden revolted at once.While, his defiance was too negligible, hard and slow to be caught in mire.The more he rebelled, the deeper he would be caught, until to be swallowed.3.2 Evading in the Revolt There was such a description in the novel.Holden wandered outside for three days and nights, observing and found the adult world was filled with wickedness, insincerity and evil.He was sensitive, but was not recognized by the society.He did not wants to live lonely, and hoped to get understand from the noisy world, therefore he tried to employ adult munication mode to talk with other people.It was the fact that he was eager to be understood and loved.Holden still kept an overwhelming dream, like a lotof children as well as adult, and need to pay attention.Holden usually appeared in a lot kinds of public places, and used phone to invited peoples including ta_i driver and strangers.However, the results are usual out of his e_pectation, because he was refused or had no mon words.Here, giving an e_le from the novel to demonstrate.After leaving hometown, Holden met Mrs.Morrow.He used lie to make her laugh, but they were glad.The other e_le was about a prostitute.He called her, but never felt any se_ual desire.In fact, his three days e_perience was the effort he made to try to be understood and to acquire munication.He often looked forward to talk with people, because he was too lonely, and desired and catched all opportunities to municate.With the more unpleasant munication, the more he was dissatisfied.He intended to revolt, however the fact was that he had no choice but to accept the world, but try to escape from it, however, he had to promise once again.He even kept the mind that he was a man who could not hear and speak because he could not municate with others in a long time.The world was repelling him, and there was full of loneliness in his heart, which alert him must be phony as others, as well as doing phony things.He made planed for his future life: he imaged he would do a work in gas station where he does not need to think about the type of work or nobody know him; where he does not need to hear and speak, but just get information from the customer’s piece of paper.( Salinger,1951:198) So, it can be easily found that his decision and action had very closely relationship with the real life and world, despite he could not found hope in the society he lived in.Analyzing from this aspect, it could be seen that he accept and understand about the real world, and it was reasonless to escape from the society.He finally went to a distant place in silent.He had no other choice but to do like that.Holden's final purpose was not to keep away from people and live in a distant place.The truth was that he e_perieced had fight betweenthe idal and reality for the aim to find a suitable place.But, after encountering more and more failure, he recognized that no matter what he did, it would be no use.There was no such an ideal place in real world.Wang Lihong was a famous reviewer, and he once said Holden just had two choice, one was to accept the real society, the other was to be insane.In the real world, he had no choice but to accept the reality.Wang also gave an e_le to argue his point of view: Holden went back to school in Sept.and attempted to integrate i nto the society again.(Wang, 20__6:180) As Wang's opinion, he chose to promise totally.3.3 Growing in the Revolt In his novel, J.D had created two lovely roles who were Holden and Phoebe, and they two were like angles.They possessed good qualities like kindness, honesty and courage.They had sympathy with others, and in particular, had the character of rebellion.They also get rid of the mon norms of the society, and finally developed their own thought.His younger sister, Phoebe was the only one who Holden could talk about his ideal with.It was also Phoebe roused Holden’s heart by her loveliness and wisdom.Holden had e_perienced three days and nights seeking for munication, from which knew how to revolt against reality as well as recognized the important meaning of growth.There was detail description in 25th chapter of his book: Holden sat on a bench, and after a while, he watched his little sister riding wooden horse and playing with other children.Meanwhile, the children revolved again along with music.And he thought that they all were making effort to get the gold ring, including Phoebe, he worried she may fall off, but he still kept silence and did nothing.( Salinger,1951:211).At the beginning Holden took care of Phoebe as parents, however he recognized that the best parents should allow kids to do something they want, and try to take adventure.Therefore, Holden believed it was important for children to attempt to tough new things, which may have some risk.After realizing that, he just watched Phoebe grabbing the golden horse by herself tightly, and did not disturbed her.Here, the character’s conflict was manifested, that is to say, he reluctant to accept the adult life, but he had to grow up and learned to be mature.He was not a child any more, and would be adult soon, even though he thought the adult world were decadent.If he want to grow up quickly, he had to take adventure with enough courage.Then, he made effort to know the world and to accept it.This was a very necessary course he had to learn.He finally knew that if there was happiness, there was also sorrow, and the same as beauty and ugliness, which he learned from Phoebe.So, he believed that if the children wanted to grab the gold ring, adult should allow them to do and just keep silence; they may fallen off, but it was not goodfor adults to stop them .(Salinger,1951:211).Since then, he had been more and more mature.The merry-go-round was like life, as it revolved, the life also continued.Every body was revolved around the center a_is.There was a academic article about this novel, and it made conclusion that Holden was not the only man who doubted and dissatisfied with real society, but if the jockey could follow the rules and adjust himself, thenhe/her would be safe on the wooden horse, in spite of everything outside.(Kong, 20__1: 72) Time after time, Holden finally recognized that he longed for peace and solitude.Chapter Four The Reasons of Contradictory characters 4.1 Social Environment Holden met his brother’s e_-girlfriend when he drank in Greenwich Village and talked with his brother about who was a talented writer.His brother had published a good short story.But later he began to write some vulgar plays for Hollywood because of money.The e_-girlfriend pleased Holden and wanted to makeup his brother.Holden felt disgusted and depressed about his brother, who was full of wit, submitted to the lure of money.No ordinary peopl e would like his brother’s e_-girlfriend nor would artists like his brother who workedfor money.The whole society was full of materialism.Even the art was filled with the worship of money.Holden’s disgust and frustration showed his contempt of adult world which was mired in materialism.Holden met Sarne at the night of his traveling.He sympathized with Sarne who gave in herself to vice due to the burden of life.Sarne was confused, angry with him, beating him and even ransacking him.She was the image of a social victim.Though, she had accepted the rules of the society where people were only interested in their own interests without caring about others as much as themselves.Holden had sympathy for her.He once again felt the indifference of society and the distortion of human nature.Therefore, every time Holden approached to people, he could not build an effective munication with them.Holden was banished from the world before he refused the world.So he e_pressed himself in a distorted way.He was cynical, sarcastic, liking lying, speaking nonsense, teasing, and even insulting others.He often felt that he was a terrible liar, a madman, and a fool.After he gained insight of the distortion of the adult world and also his own spiritual distortions, it seemed that escape was the only choice for Holden.However reality let him know that “you will never find a fortable, quiet place, because there is no place like this”.4.2 Educational Environment The school where Holden studied had a high reputation in the educational field, which should provide a good education and healthy growth for students.On the contrary, there were a lot of unhealthy social trends.Everyone around Holden was “a hypocrite”.Reading books and learning knowledge were only to “get adva nced in the society so that in the future they can buy a goddam Cadillac”.What students did was “talking about women, alcohol and se_”.Obviously, such school was not an ideal place for Holden.He looked down upon those hypocrites who were senior students and hated those classmates who followed them, which made him unfit to the surroundings.No one could really understand his rebellious character.Andolini is one of the most important figures whom Holden visited after he left school.He used to be Holden’s teacher.Holden considered him as the best teacher he had inhis life, and respected his brave and righteous deeds.Therefore, after Holden suffered a series of defeat, he came to Antonelli’s apartment with confidence and imagined to get understanding and consolation.But the teacher who once left him a good impression told his students: “the sign of an immature man is that he is willing to die bravely for his cause”, and hismark a mature man with difference that he prefers to live humbly for his cause.I t was clear that Holden was “immature” in his mind, and he himself was “mature”.From the perspective of the adult world, the advice Antonelli gave to Holden might make sense.But it couldn’t release Holden’s confusion.He was lonely and painful because he didn’t want to live humbly like most people.Even his most respected and trusted teacher educated him to be a person like that.He was very confused, very disappointed, especially when he woke up from his sleep and found that his teacher might be a gay.He then immediately found an e_cuse and escaped away from Antonelli’s house.All his hopes vanished; what the world gave him was only despair.Chapter Five Conclusion In the novel, the author showed us a subtle, rebellious and quite self-conscious teenager who found his own identity from the e_ternal society, however, in which he found him was inconsistent with the society in reverse.In the novel, Holden stood for a revolt to real society, and stood in the opposite position to bat mendacity and smuttiness.He was tired of and even and dismayed about the decadence and fraud.。
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《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿形象解读张艳丽杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格是美国著名的现代作家,他出生于一个富裕的犹太人家庭,他的母亲是爱尔兰人。
塞林格曾就读于宾夕法尼亚州的福奇谷军事学校,二战中在欧洲服役,并参加了诺曼底战役,战争结束后塞林格专门从事写作。
《麦田里的守望者》是塞林格的代表作,这部作品被誉为“现代经典”,也使塞林格成为继海明威之后最受欢迎的美国作家。
作品中的主人公霍尔顿出生于一个富裕的中产阶级家庭,他就读于颇有声望的潘西中学,但是这所学校的教学管理封闭、教学理念落后、教学内容陈旧,压抑了青少年的个性发展。
为此,霍尔顿离开了潘西中学,开始在纽约流浪了3天,但是他发现自己面对的是一个罪恶的、物欲至上的世界,人们都处于被一个虚伪、备下、无耻、冷漠包围的异化社会里。
[1]为此,霍尔顿强烈憎恨这个令人厌恶的成人世界,情愿做一名“麦田里的守望者”。
一、霍尔顿的形象特征(一)行善的教徒霍尔顿并不是一个教徒,他对宗教并不感兴趣,甚至还有几分厌恶,霍尔顿常用诙谐、谩骂的语言评论牧师、僧侣等,称他们全都是傻杂种。
霍尔顿之所以讨厌僧侣,不进教堂,是因为他不喜欢牧师的伪善与虚伪。
霍尔顿不是教徒,因而他不像教徒一样满口仁义道德,充满伪善,总是以上帝的代言人的姿态高谈阔论,霍尔顿总是想用实实在在的行动来践行自己的信仰,如他在非常拮据的时候拿出十块钱给两个修女。
因而,霍尔顿虽不是一个教徒,但是他在践行着教徒的行为,他比教徒更接近上帝。
(二)鬼混中爱情理想的坚守者霍尔顿出生于富裕的中产阶级家庭,他有着优越的家庭条件,虽然整天生活于享乐之中,但是他从未堕落或放弃自己的原则。
例如开电梯的老毛里斯建议他找个小姐玩玩,他就感到非常不适应,他感到背弃了自己的做人原则,在等待妓女的过程中他总是感到紧张与慌乱,什么都不想做。
从这里可以看出霍尔顿有自己的道德准则,他不愿意背弃自己的理想与爱情,因而他想到了自己的恋人琴,并因此而感到内疚。
(三)玩世不恭的守望者在塞林格的笔下,霍尔顿并不是一个好学生,在学校霍尔顿是出了名的坏学生,满嘴脏话,总是一副不屑一顾、玩世不恭的样子。
迟子建说过,读《麦田里的守望者》会让人产生一种酣畅淋漓的快感。
因为小说中的故事风趣、幽默、生动,时时都可能有恶作剧发生,可以使读者把胸中的郁闷发泄出来。
[2]霍尔顿没有循规蹈矩、满口仁义道德,但是他并不是一个彻底的坏蛋,他的理想就是做一个麦田里的守望者,领着一大群孩子在麦田中做游戏。
在别人看来霍尔顿是一个不思进取的人,其实并非如此,霍尔顿的思想有一定的积极意义。
当时的美国社会是一个物欲横流而精神文明极度匮乏的社会,社会中到处充满着虚伪和欺骗,因而生长于中产阶级家庭的美国青年并不快乐,他们往往会感到苦闷与痛苦。
霍尔顿的理想就是不让孩子们被污浊的社会所吞噬,可以说他既不是一个纯粹的英雄,也不是一个彻头彻尾的坏蛋,而是一个垮掉式的英雄人物。
二、霍尔顿的个性特征(一)消极懦弱且不愿面对现实霍尔顿的懦弱首先体现在他的社会交往上,他是社会的弱者,总是不被老师与同学理解,有时还备受欺凌。
从老毛里斯向他勒索到斯特阿拉德对他拳脚相加,霍尔顿总是选择逃避现实,有时他想通过死来解决这一切问题。
霍尔顿想给琴打电话,却迟迟不敢行动,他总是通过逃避的方式来解决问题。
霍尔顿时常用独特的装扮来强调自己独特的个性与不愿接触社会的性格,其中红色猎人帽成了霍尔顿的典型特征,这顶帽子代表了他对生活中许多令人不快的逃避,每当遇到挫折时,霍尔顿就想放弃理想与目标,过隐居的生活。
遇到违背自己意愿的事情时,霍尔顿就会采用逃避与不屑一顾的方式来对待,他从未想过积极处理问题。
在潘西中学时霍尔顿就因成绩较差而被开除,但是他从未选择补救,而是迫不及待地逃离了这一僵化而虚假的教育模式。
在他看来,学校的规则与制度并不利于学生的身心健康,压抑了学生的个性。
这一切使霍尔顿与现实格格不入,最后不得不选择逃离现实。
(二)正直、善良且向往美好的生活霍尔顿是当时美国青少年的典型代表,他讨厌金钱、名利与地位,在他看来这一切都是虚假的。
霍尔顿认为读书的目的应该是追求高尚的目标,而不是沉迷于物质的享受。
霍尔顿最喜欢的就是修女与同学詹姆士,修女代表着一种自我牺牲,而这种牺牲远远超出了社会慈善的范畴。
霍尔顿认为施善者放弃了自己珍爱的东西,并且不求任何回报,才076是真正的慈善行为。
霍尔顿对同学詹姆士同情与尊重,是因为霍尔顿不肯收回实话而詹姆士被同学逼得跳楼自杀。
霍尔顿正直且有自己的主见,不愿意同流合污,因而只能选择逃避现实、逃避生活。
霍尔顿虽然生活于一个富有的家庭,但是他十分同情弱者,始终将对别人的关心放在第一位。
例如霍尔顿从不在别人面前炫耀自己高档的手提箱,以免别人产生自卑感;霍尔顿在自己生活十分拮据的情况下,仍给别人捐献了十块钱。
这就可以发现,霍尔顿是善良的、充满同情心的人。
(三)对自然有着执著的热爱霍尔顿喜欢博物馆中那种古朴、遥远与永恒的感觉,博物馆就是他的精神寄托,在那里他可以找到无比的温馨与美好的回忆。
这充分说明了霍尔顿对静止稳定的向往,对不变的追求,因而霍尔顿无法接受自己必然长大这一事实。
霍尔顿关爱自然中的一切,关心弱小的生命,他多次询问中央公园浅水湖鸭子冬天的去向,这其中隐含着霍尔顿对成长中的无辜生命的担忧。
麦田中的孩子象征着纯真与自由,但是随着他们慢慢地长大,他们会染上一些不正之风,因而霍尔顿想拯救他们,这就体现了霍尔顿强烈的社会道德感与责任感。
最后,霍尔顿也认识到自己是失败者,根本无法成为一个“守望者”。
小说的最后写道“所有的孩子都想抓住那只金圈儿,菲必也一样,我很怕她会从那匹马上掉下来,可我什么也没说,什么也没做。
”[3]作者用金圈来讽刺外表耀眼而内在却很腐朽的社会,霍尔顿是没办法阻止孩子堕入其中的。
三、霍尔顿的精神成长历程(一)霍尔顿与环境格格不入的原因虽然霍尔顿生活在一个富有的中产阶级家庭,但是他并没有感到快乐,他时常感到孤独、沮丧,他不能很好地适应外部环境,这与他敏感的个性、深刻的洞察力以及对成人世界理想的幻灭有着密切的联系。
从表面上看,霍尔顿语言粗俗、抽烟喝酒、玩世不恭,但他叛逆的外表背后隐藏着一颗敏感而脆弱的心灵。
如霍尔顿为了不让历史老师太难堪,在试卷下附了一封短信,以减轻老师的心理负担。
他总是能准确感知别人微妙的心理变化,并时常为别人的不幸和弱点而感到难过,无论是什么样的事情总能给他纤弱的心灵带来强烈的震撼。
霍尔顿有着敏锐的洞察力,他能看穿表象之下的真相,抓住问题的症结。
例如他勇敢地向现有教育制度挑战,并提出了愤怒的声讨,“到处都是假模假式,要你干的就是读书、求学问、出人头地,以便将来可以买辆混账凯迪拉克”,他本能地感觉到了成人世界的装腔作势与冠冕堂皇以及现实世界的虚伪。
正是这种非凡的洞察力使霍尔顿对世界有了深刻的认识,同时也让他同这个世界产生了很深的隔阂。
现实世界总是功利性的,势利与庸俗常充斥于世界的每一个角落,无聊的物质享受会导致人失去精神追求。
霍尔顿诅咒金钱统治的现实世界,讨厌为了名与利而进行尔虞我诈的人。
在现实世界中总潜伏着许多不可知的风险,人们是没办法摆脱的。
弟弟艾里的死就给霍尔顿带来了严重的心理创伤,同学詹姆士的跳楼更是刺激了他脆弱的神经,当他知道自己最敬爱的老师安东尼竟然是一个同性恋者时,他对成人世界彻底地绝望了。
(二)霍尔顿与现实世界达成和解世界是复杂的,总是将卑劣与美好混杂在一起,因而要承认生活的美好必须接受生活的卑劣,这就是生活的哲学。
霍尔顿意识到了这一点,也意识到“堕落”是人生的必然。
最终他以富有同情的爱心与顿悟接受了现实,与“假模假式”的社会取得了和解。
霍尔顿对现代人的不幸与苦难十分同情,与妓女桑妮的相遇表现了他的仁爱、怜悯与同情,他对桑妮的堕落感到痛心,并希望自己能够帮助她。
霍尔顿的爱不仅包容了他亲近的人,还包容了深深伤害过他的人,即使是对他打击最大的安东尼老师。
通过这种爱心使霍尔顿与残酷的现实妥协了,并学会了去爱他所痛恨的人。
对人类的爱使饱受创伤的霍尔顿走向了精神复苏,而彻底的自我救赎却需要一种对生命的顿悟。
在纽约游荡了3天的霍尔顿情绪降到了极点,但在突然间他有一种神秘的宗教体验,获得了人生的顿悟,回家之后霍尔顿住进了精神疗养院。
虽然霍尔顿并未实现精神的彻底康复,但他已经具备了痊愈的内在智慧与力量。
虽然现实令人反感与讨厌,但是霍尔顿不得不回到现实世界,因为他意识到了自己无法与这个世界分开,便不得不用“博爱”之心原谅这一切。
与莎士比亚笔下的哈姆雷特一样,霍尔顿的矛盾与痛苦震撼着每一个读者的心灵,他是一个精神“荒原”的孤独探寻者,他捍卫纯真、渴望友爱、企求理解,然而,这些探求最后都以失败告终。
[4]在霍尔顿那里我们感受到了执著、真实与善良,看到了一位屹立于世界文学史上的“精神的守望者”。
[参考文献][1]朱晶.《麦田里的守望者》:反叛迂腐与虚伪的“现代经典”[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2002(04).[2]欧权.影响中国学生的80部书[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:75.[3][美]Charlotte A.Alexander.J·D.麦田里的守望者[M].姚虹,译.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1997:78.[4]曾洪流,等.《麦田里的守望者》的悲剧性解读[J].安徽理工大学学报,2003(04).[作者简介]张艳丽(1970—),女,河南平顶山人,本科,平顶山教育学院外语系讲师,研究方向为英语教学、英美文学。
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