21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册单词短语复习
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后练习答案,Text,A,,Unit,2
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后练习答案,Text,A,,Unit,2篇一：21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后句子翻译答案UNIT1老伴60多岁中风去世时，那位72岁的退休教授不胜悲痛。
无人依靠的生活对他来说将是非常困难的。
When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.两位业余画家上个月在伦敦举办了一次个人画展。
许多人前去参观，其中包括一些著名的专业画家。
Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it, including a few celebrated professors.3.当20世纪80年代中期，7名宇航员在挑战者号的灾难中遇难时，全世界一下子陷入了震惊与悲痛之中。
When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s, it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.4.在结束了其第二届首相任期之后，他仍积极参与政治事务。
当政府遇到困难时他屡次前来帮忙。
After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.5.大选失败之后，史密斯博士隐退在一个小村庄，在那里尝试耕作。
21世纪大学英语读写教程 第二册 unit 1 单词整理
3. amid/ amidst: prep. in the middle of, amongThe government collapsed amid budget quarrels.The debate took place amid a mood of growing political tension.Amidst the trees stood a statue of the goddess Diana.4. circumstances -- n. (pl.)Even under the most favorable circumstances this isn't easy.In some circumstances it may be necessary for the managing director to come here in person.6. campaign n.1) a series of planned military actions;2) a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business;A bombing campaign was conducted against military targets in Iraq.They have planned an all-out campaign to storm the enemy stronghold.The company is going to launch a sales campaign for their new product.Our campaign against smoking is supported by the medical profession.8. mission n.1) (usu. military) duty or purpose for which people are sent somewhere2) A mission is an especially important job that someone is sent somewhere to do. He was immediately sent to Paris. His mission was to negotiate a cease-fire.He was on a dangerous mission behind the enemy lines.9. pay the price: experience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc.We paid a heavy price for the victory, for we lost 10,000 soldiers.This is a small price to pay for independence.This is the price we must pay for a free press.11. overwhelm -- vt. make (sb.) feel completely helpless, astonished, or embarrassed; overpower the thoughts, emotions, or senses of (sb.)He was overwhelmed by the intensity of her love.Fear overwhelmed me.At the age of forty, he was overwhelmed with work, illness and family problems.12. retire -- vi. go away; leave a group of people, so as to be on one's ownHe retired to his study upstairs.She agreed to dance for us and retired to put on her costume.The guests retired to the living room after dinner.13. retreat n.1. a place into which one can go for peace and safety2. 撤退；避难Examples:a summer retreat / a weekend retreatMike used to go alone to his comfortable retreat by the lake.Enemy soldiers are now in full retreat.retreat vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activityThe attacker moved towards her and she retreated onto the balcony.Attacks by enemy aircraft forced the tanks to retreat from the city.15. come/go to one’s rescue: help sb. when he/she is in danger or difficultyWe were about to close down the business, but the bank came to our rescue.I was embarrassed as I couldn't remember his name; fortunately Mary came tomy rescue.They went to the rescue of the drowning man.16. chance upon: meet by chance; find by chanceExamplesI chanced upon an old school-mate in the street yesterday.He chanced upon the solution to that problem.She chanced upon some old love letters her husband kept in the back of the drawer.18. try one’s hand: attempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first timeAfter she lost her job, she thought she'd try her hand at writing a novel.I tried my hand at roller-skating last weekend and found it was much fun.He tried his hand at repairing the bicycle, but without much success.19. contemplate vt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some timeShe lay back on the grass to contemplate the high, blue sky.The afternoon passed by as he contemplated the waves at the seashore.21. precaution n.预防措施1) carefulness2) an action taken to avoid sth. dangerous or unpleasantExamples:Wearing a hat is a sensible precaution in hot summer.The climbers took the precaution of telling the local policeman when they expected to return.As a precaution I had taken two sea sickness tablets.22. alarm vt. excite with sudden fear or anxietyExamples:The slightest noise or movement seemed to alarm him.The lack of books and the poor condition of the school buildings are alarming parents.n. 1) a sudden feeling of fear or anxiety惊慌2) a warning of danger警报Darkness fell and he began to feel some alarm for his wife's safety.You ought to get a burglar alarm.The thunder frightened my younger brother.Scary movies frightened me.The “Don't Feed the Bears” signs alarmed the campers,Jane's test results alarmed her doctors.23. plunge into: begin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitationShe plunged bravely into the debate.He plunged into a financial gamble.The firefighters had to retreat from the fierce heat.stroke1(疾病的)发作;中风2【机】冲程,行程,动程3笔划4一击,一敲;打,打击;一振,一动;(字的)一笔;一举;一划（课文中的意思）;(游泳的)一爬;一触;一闪;一刀She began to paint with bold strokes.The paper was covered in illegible strokes.5手腕,手法;政策;功劳,成功v.1抚,摩2(用笔)在...上划线,勾消Slashv.2深深砍入,深深切进;割下,割开;乱砍,乱斩;鞭打4在(织物上)开裂缝,在(衣服上)开叉5猛动,猛挥,猛拉n.1〈美俚〉减薪,减少n. 深砍,深切;乱砍,乱斩;刀痕,伤痕,鞭痕The wet paint left slashes of green on his new white shirt.My new dress is pale blue, with a dark blue slash (= a decorative different color) in the sleeves.28. fall upon/on: attack fiercelyTerrorists were falling upon men and women in the street.The robbers fell on him from behind the trees.The gang fell on their rivals with knives and chains.☆Compare: anger, indignation & furyJohn's ___anger__ erupted when he learned that his car had been stolen.The mayor ignored the citizen's __indignation over the tax increase.Bill hid in the closet to protect himself from his father's__fury___.His occasional visits and phone calls are a comfort to his parents in their old age.32. overcome vt. 1) (often pass.) (by, with) (of feelings) take control and influence one's behavior 2) win a victory over; defeatSuddenly, I was overcome by a feeling of outrage.Receiving the prize in honor of her dead father, she was overcome with emotion. Eventually he managed to overcome his fear of public speaking.33. take refuge in doing/sth34.His interest in reading revived after he had read that book.National economy revived after the depression.Don't revive those old prejudices.anizers of the Lawson short story competition have received over 10,000 entries.Entry into the competition is free to all citizens.A flock of sheep blocked our entry to the village.37. awaken…to: cause to become con scious ofPeople are at last awakening to their responsibilities.The documentary film awakens the whole society to the danger of drugs.39. bear fruit: produce successful results 有成果The use of machines to do the work that used to be done by hand has borne fruit in the form of greatly increased profits.40.odd (1)…以上的（2）奇怪的3twenty odd years agoodd-numbered✓Strange unfamiliar, unknown, or inexplicable✓Peculiar distinct from all others✓Odd Strange and peculiar, not ordinary, usual, and expected✓Queer Strange and peculiar, especially from the norm✓Quaint pleasing or old-fashioned peculiarity✓Outlandish alien or bizarre strangeness✓Eccentric strikingly different from the recognized or conventional 41. date from/back:have existed sinceThe tradition dated from/back to medieval times.This church dates from the 13th century.42. keep sb.’s company: stay with sb. so that he/she is not aloneI enjoy the company of animals better than people.See p12 Ex. VIII。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第2册全文
21世纪大学英语读写教程第2册全文Unit 1 My HometownPart 1 Listening PracticeExercise 1Track 1-1Instructions: You will hear a conversation between two friends, talking about their hometowns. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.1.Where is Mary’s hometown?2.What is the population of Mary’s hometown?3.How long does it take to get to Mary’s hometownfrom the city?4.What is the local specialty in Mary’s hometown?5.What does Mary recommend the listener do if theyvisit her hometown?Exercise 2Track 1-2Instructions: You will hear a monologue about a famous city. Listen carefully and complete the sentences with the missing information.1.The city is known for its _______ architecture.2.The city has _______ districts.3.The city’s most famous attraction is _______.4.Visitors can enjoy _______ performances in the city.5.The speaker recommends visiting _______ for abeautiful view of the city.Part 2 SpeakingExercise 1Instructions: Work in pairs. Answer the following questions about your hometown, using the prompts given.1.Where is your hometown?2.What is the population of your hometown?3.How long does it take to get to your hometown fromthe city?4.What is the local specialty in your hometown?5.What do you recommend visitors to do if they visityour hometown?Exercise 2Instructions: In pairs, discuss the following questions abouta famous city.1.Which city would you like to visit? Why?2.What do you know about the city?3.What attractions does the city have?4.What activities would you like to do in the city?5.What would you recommend others to do if theyvisit the city?Part 3 ReadingPassage 1Instructions: Read the following passage about the history of London and answer the questions that follow.London, the capital city of England, has a rich history dating back to Roman times. The city was founded by the Romans in AD 43 and was originally called Londinium. It quickly became an important trading port and grew in prosperity.During the Middle Ages, London saw significant growth and became the largest city in England. It played a major role in the development of the British Empire and was a center of political, economic, and cultural power.Today, London is a global city and a major tourist destination. It is known for its iconic landmarks such as the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, and the British Museum. Visitors can also enjoy world-class shopping, theaters, and cuisine.1.When was London founded by the Romans?2.What was London originally called?3.What role did London play during the Middle Ages?4.What are some famous landmarks in London?Passage 2Instructions: Read the following passage about a famous city in Asia and answer the questions that follow.Tokyo, the capital city of Japan, is a modern metropolis with a unique blend of traditional and contemporary culture. The city is known for its bustling streets, futuristic technology, and vibrant entertainment industry.Tokyo has a rich history and was originally a small fishing village called Edo. It became the capital of Japan in 1868 andgrew rapidly during the Meiji period, when Japan opened up to the world.Today, Tokyo is one of the most populous cities in the world and a major economic and cultural hub. It is home to various attractions such as the Tokyo Tower, Imperial Palace, and Shibuya Crossing. Visitors can also experience traditional Japanese culture by visiting temples, enjoying Japanese cuisine, and witnessing traditional performances.1.What was Tokyo originally called?2.When did Tokyo become the capital of Japan?3.What is Tokyo known for today?4.What are some famous attractions in Tokyo?Unit 2 Environmental ProtectionPart 1 Listening PracticeExercise 1Track 2-1Instructions: You will hear a conversation between a student and a professor, discussing environmental issues. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.1.What is the main topic of the conversation?2.How does climate change affect ecosystems?3.What are some causes of deforestation?4.What are the consequences of air pollution?5.What can individuals do to help protect theenvironment?Exercise 2Track 2-2Instructions: You will hear a monologue about recycling. Listen carefully and complete the sentences with the missing information.1.Recycling helps reduce the _______ of waste.2._______ is a commonly recycled material.3.Recycling _______ helps conserve natural resources.4.The speaker suggests _______ as a way to reducewaste.5.It is important to _______ before recycling materials.Part 2 SpeakingExercise 1Instructions: Work in pairs. Answer the following questions about environmental issues, using the prompts given.1.What environmental issues are you concerned about?2.What are some causes of these issues?3.What are the consequences of these issues?4.What can individuals do to help protect theenvironment?5.How can governments and organizations contributeto environmental protection?Exercise 2Instructions: In pairs, discuss the following questions about recycling.1.How often do you recycle?2.What types of materials do you recycle?3.Why do you think recycling is important?4.Have you ever participated in any recyclingprograms or initiatives?5.What can schools and communities do to promote recycling?。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册
21世纪⼤学英语读写教程第⼆册Unit 11.I’ve always envied painters and poets —I have no artistic abilitiesat all.2.He’s struggling to overcome his fear of flying, but he stillpanics sometimes when he has to board a plane.3.She held her newborn baby with infinite tenderness.4.The whole nation was plunged into profound grief when Princess Diana died in an accident.5.The volunteers’ mission is to work with the police to reduce crimeon the streets of New York.6.The city is planning a public campaign to awaken people to the problem of noise pollution.7.He was knocked unconscious by a stone, and after I revived him, he didn’t recognize me.8.Once their books are open, A students don’t let anything distractthem from their studies.9.Amanda wasn’t feeling well that day but she performed in the playwith her accustomed ease.10.When you feel overwhelmed by the complications of life in the big city, it’s good to retreat to the countryside for a few days.11.In times of war, people usually buy and store more food as a precaution against shortage.12.The closing of the cigarette factory had disastrous effects on the town’s economy.1. Though excited about the beautiful scenery he was painting, Churchill kept thinking about his daughter Marigold. delighted with2. He struggled for many years before his efforts produced results.bore fruit3. I wonder who kept Clementine from feeling lonely while her husband was painting in Scotland.kept Clementinecompany4. In a market-driven economy, a business can’t depend on the government to help it out.rely on5. Home is the place where you can always find comfort when you meet with frustration（挫折）in your career.takerefuge6. Non-Smoking Day is part of a campaign to make people realize the dangers of smoking.awaken people to7. If you drink any more of that wine, you’ll suffer in the morning.pay the price8. The construction workers happened to find some ancient coins that were made in the 13th century. chance upon9. He was in his 40s when he first attempted to learn calligraphy. triedhis hand at10. Two men suddenly appeared and attacked the girl, but unfortunately some passersby heard her screams and saved her. came toher rescueUnit 21.Please label all the boxes clearly so that we’ll know which ones areours and which belong to you.2.It’s not a simple question. Many different factors have convergedto create the current crisis.3.I can never repay my parents for the many sacrifices they made forme.4.Research shows that humor and fear are two excellent ways to motivate students.5.At first tea was produced only in China; it was later transplantedto India and Japan.6.The sight of the animals’ sufferings so horrified him that he vowednever to visit the zoo again.7. A mother’s bond with her newborn baby is an infinitely deep one that nothing can replace.8.In Australia, women constitute 51% of the population, but occupy only 19% of the managerial positions.9.Thousands of striking workers surged into the city square, demanding higher wages and better working conditions.10.There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long before the two countriesbecame rivals and went to war.11.Mary resents having to go to work while her husband sits about the house all day.12.Not all of the author’s recommendations for improving students’performance at school are logical.1.His knowledge that he’d done wrong led him to surrender to the police. sense of guilt2. It was a long and difficult journey, full of strange adventures, butin the end we reached our destination. Finally3. Her early life filled her with deep respect for traditional family values.imbued her with4. Don’t go too close! Elephants are very protective of their children. offspring5. When I first saw my test results I was shocked — but they gave mea strong reason to study harder. horrifiedmotivated me to6. The study ended with several pieces of advice for improving the education system. First of all, it said, we have to lengthen the breaks between classes.recommendations To startwith7. Don’t be too willing to believe! If he intended to give you the job,he would have called you by now.na?ve8. According to the stereotype, boys perform well in math and science; on the other hand, girls are better at languages.by contrastUnit 31.We expected Ellen to do well, but when she got straight A’s she surpassed all our expectations.2.You made a good decision, and I thoroughly approved of it.3.They arrived at the stadium three hours early to ensure that they’dget good seats.4.The company is now thriving thanks to the skillful management andoutstanding technology.5.The directors’ disagreement rapidly escalated into a fight, so the meeting became more exciting than anyone had expected.6.As a junior member of the school’s teaching staff, Janet didn’t feel qualified to discuss the issue with the principal.7.The 20-year-old tennis player’s dream is to represent China at thenext Olympics.8.It was becoming apparent that the elderly chemist’s skills were no longer needed.9.I don’t understand how you can justify spending money on space exploration when there are hungry children in the world.10.Many of the conflicts that spring from cultural differences can be avoided if you keep an open mind.1. You don’t have to support his plan if you think it’s crazy.go along with2. Oh, stop complaining about the rain! It’s good from the standpointof farmers.from the farmers’viewpoint3. This 67-year-old Canadian novelist has delighted a large number of readers with his tales of mystery.multitudes of4. Another joint venture in auto manufacturing has started to experience financial problems.run into5. For Sally, the wonderful evening of music and dancing had finishedtoo soon.come to an end6. Rosemary acquired the basics of Chinese very quickly because she used the language at every opportunity.picked up7. Sometimes when I had trouble controlling my temper, I hardly knew whatI was saying or doing. At times8. Once he’d gotten used to eating with chopsticks, he preferred themto a knife and fork. gotteninto the habit of9. Seeing that she had nothing to say after brief greetings, I tried mybest to ease the awkwardness of the first meeting. smooth over10. I thought the man was lying to protect his wife, but in fact it wasthe reverse.the other wayaroundUnit 41.After Henry lost his job, he couldn’t even afford the necessitiesof life.2.Our current economic circumstances preclude any nonessential purchases.3.The article puts a lot of emphasis on the value of failure as a learning experience.4.Success that comes too easily makes people more prone to failure when real challenges arise.5.Scientific discoveries would make greater contributions to societyif all of them are properly applied to industrial production.6.Nancy distinguished herself as an ice-skater at a very early age, winning three national competitions before she was fifteen.7.She was so obsessed with ice-skating that she never had time for normal childhood activities and experiences.8.Failure is painful for adults and children alike, but it can also bea good teacher.9.Sam called the interviewer to enquire about why his application had been turned down.10.My first impulse was to tell him he was a fool, but I controlled myself.11.Years of living overseas had made her practically a foreigner in her own country.12.The lecturer’s remarks prompted a storm of excited questions fromthe audience.1. We put in a request for a little extra time to finish the project,but the board rejected it. turn down2. The politician enjoyed a successful career but his relationship withhis family suffered. at the cost of3. The author is of the opinion that early success may eventually proveharmful to a p erson’s all-round development. in the long run4. I mistakenly took your umbrella —I’m sorry. byaccident5. The bookshop was on the brink of failing until they expanded theirmerchandise (商品) to include CDs and cassettes. branchout into6. With this out-of-date equipment, you can’t expect good results.count on7. Students sometimes get in the habit of discussing class with annoying comments. When that happens, teachers are advised to send them to theschool psychologist.In suchcases8. From the time she started her own business, she’s been more satisfiedwith her life. ever sinceUnit 51.There are plenty of companies that are eager to sponsor young athletes if theyshow enough promise.2.To succeed in life it is not sufficient only to have talent, capacity and training,one must also have determination or a strong will.3.I don’t claim to be an expert on modern art, but I do know this painting isugly!4.When his prospective employers learned that he had had a drinking problem, they decided against hiring him.5.The position requires a master’s degree and a minimum of two years’ work experience.6.David struggled for years to make it as an actor, but ultimately gave up an wentback to his musical career.7.Overseas students are eligible to enroll in all the regular courses, providedthey have the necessary qualifications.8. A Korean company is planning to open a factory here, which will provide employment for about 2,000 people.9.I’d always worked in an academic setting, so my new position as an office manager was a big change for me.10.It’s much easier for big businesses to get bank loans than it is for small companies.11.There’s a new exhibit of classical artwork at the museum —do you want to go?12.The city government’s first priority is to build a new airport this year.1. He finishes his working day at 6:30. gets off(work)2. Steve tried to work two jobs in addition to studying full time, but he justwasn’t able to cope with it. couldn’t take it3. I think it’s unfair that people who have no other people that they support financially have to pay more taxes. dependents4. We’d better delay our trip until the weather clears up. Postpone5. Wishing isn’t enough; you have to be ready to work hard to fulfill your dream. make your dream come true6. She was so small, she almost had to run in order to stay next to me.along side7. When I recall my university years, I realize what a luxury it was to have nothingto do but pursue an education. look back on8. If you don’t put on some warmer clothes, you’re going to get a cold in theend.end up with acoldUnit 61.Stephen Hawking soon proved himself to be a scientist of great insight and creativity.2.Fear of making mistakes is one of the main obstacles to mastering spoken English.3.The disease affected his muscles and nervous system and gradually paralysed him.4.Cloning, a technological breakthrough, poses some serious ethical (伦理的) problems.5.This book has been proclaimed a modern masterpiece.6.The storms are predicted to reach the North of the country tomorrow morning.7.Initially, his theories created a lot of controversy in scientific circles, butnow they’re widely accepted.8.The old man lives alone and is rarely visited by his neighbors, who considerhim eccentric.9.The government must take some measures to narrow the gap between the rich andthe poor.10.Although he knew he would inherit a great fortune from his father, Richard was determined to earn his own living.1. Big industries that are the source of a lot of pollution pay special taxes that finance environmental clean-up projects. responsible for2. We bought these chairs only last year and they’re collapsing already.falling apart3. Each of us has to solve the problems posed by life in our own way. work out4. Haven’t your parents ever said anything about your spending time in the company of such eccentric things. hanging around with5. Just as Jane put the glass on the table, the cat jumped up and caused it to fall. knocked it off6. Fascinated by the stars and planets, the boy wished to become a professional astronomer someday. dreamedof becoming7. Many educators say that an ability to perform well on tests is completely unrelated to true intelligence.has nothing to do with8. Alfred was a great philosopher and a talented musician as well. at once……and9. Plenty of people who had trouble in school later proved to be creative geniuses. turned out10. Of course you have trouble learning if you never take the trouble to look upnew words in the dictionary. BotherUnit71.Part of a psychiatrist’s work is to provide counseling to help students with personal problems.2.When I’m very angry, I find it best to isolate myself from other people fora little while.3.It’s very sad that many AIDS victims find themselves shunned by friends and neighbors who can’t overcome their fears and prejudices.4.The government official comments on the present economic situation with moderate satisfaction, saying that it is showing signs for the better.5.Mary sneaked off to Paris last weekend all by herself without letting anyone know. She said she just suddenly felt like going away for a few days, and went.6.Many educators feel our schools do too little to promote creativity and critical thinking.7.If our institutions do not have good administration, money will be lost andnothing can be achieved.8.On her way to the airport, it flashed into Catherine’s mind that she’d forgottenher passport.9. A genius is someone who not only has ideas, but also knows how to formulate them in words and communicate them to others.10.Mr. Smith kept himself indoors for a whole week without even opening the windows and his suspicious neighbors reported this to the police.1. How can you expect anyone to have trust in you when you are so careless in everything you do? believe in2. I’m so sorry, but I really can’t go out tonight — I have to do the homeworkI’ve been neglecting. catch up onmy homework3. When we’ve used all our oil supplies, it’ll be too late to look for othersources of energy.run out of4. In spite of what most scientists seem to think, measurements and calculationsare not the only way to discover truth. Regardless of5. With the rapid development of this area, all these old buildings will soon betorn down to clear the space for new ones. make room6. I can’t even afford a bicycle, not to mention a car! let alone7. If a friend is having difficulties, don’t just ask if there’s anything youcan do. Think up something appropriate and do it. in trouble。
21世纪大学英语第二册第四单元重点词汇
11嫉妒她迷人的生活
P6
12表现突出
P7
13以牺牲一种经历为代价
P9
14不让某人知道
P10
15榜上有名
16快速奉上安慰奖
P11
17它伤成人，也伤害小孩。
18不要羞于询问
P13
19激发新思维
P14
20芭蕾舞大师
21评估
P16
22不再被恐惧困扰
23勇往直前
2.Important expressions inText B, Unit 4
1.Important expressions inText A, Unit 4
Para.s
Chinese meaning
P1
1公认为最有可能成功的人
2在一家大公司找到一份很有前途的工作
3精神完全崩溃
4面对拒绝，毫无经验
P2
5强调成功
6终究
7冷静思考她被解雇的原因
8文字编辑
P3
9天壤之别
P4
10一个领域的成功往往会阻碍另一个领域的发展
Para.s
Chinese meaning
P2
1.境况恶化
P3
2.认为自己没多大本事
P4
3.轮子脱落了
P5
4.没有现成的工作
5.以批发价购买
P9
6.其他人也效仿他
P10
7.露出最迷人的微笑
P13
8.倾诉
P14
9.从头至尾读我的专栏
P16
10.固定的广告客户
11.对她信守承诺
12.转折点
21世纪大学英语读写教程二(复旦、高教)
complain of 诉说(病痛等)；主诉
minister to 照料；援助
4 / 31
give way to 向……让步；对……屈服
be identified with 与……合成一体；投入；卷入
excel [ik'sel] v.胜过他人
rely [ri'lai] vi.依赖；信任；信赖
historian [his't3:ri4n] n.历史学家
barren ['b1r4n] a.(土地等)贫瘠的，荒芜的
awaken [4'weik4n] vt.使意识到；唤醒
menace ['men4s] n.威胁
abundant [4'b8nd4nt] a.丰富的；充足的
religious [ri'lid94s] a.宗教的
order ['3:d4] n.宗教团体；(尤指)修女会；修道会
adopt [4'd3pt] vt.选……为移居地；收养；采取
clinic [klinik] n.诊所
hostel ['h3st4l] n.招待所
pilgrim ['pilgrim] n.朝圣者
chance upon 偶然碰见；偶然发现
try one's hand 尝试
plunge into 突然或仓促地开始某事；突然冲入
before one knows it 转眼之间，瞬息之间
fall upon 猛攻，猛扑
take refuge
2 / 31
避难
rely on 依赖，依靠
21世纪大学英语读写教程修订版unit2笔记
E.g.:
No wonder the firm makes a loss; the office is terribly overstaffed.
我会满腔热情地参加这项工程。
I will join in the project, heart and hand.
3.startle
— make someone suddenly surprised or slightly shocked
E.g.:
The least noise would startle the timid child.
8.previous
— happening, coming, or being earlier in time or order
E.g.:
She has two children from a previous marriage.
Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter among ourselves.
Global warming was one of the many factors responsible for the worst flooding in decades..
Translate:
吸烟是许多人患肺癌的致病因素.
Smoking is responsible for many cases of lung cancer.
E.g.:
NO SMOKING/PARKING/WAITING
21世纪大学新英语读写译教程二答案
一单元1.but thin gs pe oplereall y nee ded 2.we spli t the amou nts i n hal f the p ile o f thi ngs t o giv e awa y3.adde d som e sma ll to ys local addr esses andphone numb ers 4.ha vinga nee d tostaywarm you r hea rt wi ll te ll yo u 5.wil l fin d the righ t peo ple a nd th at is allthatcount s1.hi s bea t-upPonti ac2.blin d w hat w as on eith er3.pull ed up in f rontof he r car1.a f lat t ire 2.the assi stanc e tha t the y nee ded 1.nearl y eig ht mo nthspregn ant herattit ude 2.a t hing hel p oth ers i n nee d l et th e cha in of love endwithher j oe'swife1.er ase 2.ass istan ce3.tigh ten 4.com munit y5.depre ssing6.a pproa ch7.fulf ill 8.ima gine9.qu it10.cra wled1.st ood o ut2.ragi ng on3.c ome i n han dy4.thin k twi ce5.roll ed do wn6.Afte r all7.h it ho me8.pull ing u p9.pay b ack 10.be ing o herfeet1.un emplo yed 2.unf ulfil led 3.tig hten4.wi den 5.ass istan ce6.acce ptanc e7.disap peare d8.disap prove d1.C 2.B 3.D4.D 5.A 1.C 2.D 3.A4.B 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C1.re volve d aro und 2.hel d ont o3.pulle d up4.in si lence5.l ost i n tho ught6.st aredinto7.wr apped in 8.sme lledof9.Exce pt fo r10.shut off1.gi ft2.glan cing3.th at4.loud5.d eligh ted 6.in7.so8.i tems9.hu ge10.mor e二单元1.a fe eling from thebotto m ofone's hear t2.are a lways catc hingthe p ositi ve si de of thin gs3.hope lessn ess,s ickne ss an d fai lure4.do es sh ow so methi ng ab out o ne'sstate of c onsci ousne ss 5.it i s all with in yo ursel f,inyourway o f thi nking1.sweet,touc hingsu rpris ing 2.han dsome,well-educ ateda goo d bether f igure,herblueeyes1.s o oft en2.mutt er an gry t hreat s and curs es1.gla ssesand c ar ke ys thegroce riesno tices of b illsunpai d names of f riend s the y had gran dchil dren1.docto rs'or dersa rang ing f ire 2.ros e wit h a c ry flu ttere d ove r his face happ iestmarri age hav e eac h oth er1.dil emma2.rev ealed3.de vise4.pre cise5.re gaine d6.t rigge red p lex 8.mis erabl e 9.r espec tive10.fa de 1.co mplai n abo ut 2.abide by 3.take shap e4,had l eft behi nd 5.gaveup6.To m ake m atter s wor se 7.engag e in8.se parat ing fro m9.launc hed i nto 10.mad e the best of 1 co urtsh ip 2.owner ship3.anx iety4.fr ustra ted 5.cele brati on 6.creat ion 1.C2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 1.C2.B 3.A4.D 5.C 6.B 7.C8.A 1.ba lance out2.con tribu te to3.b y its elf 4.take fo r gra nted5.co mpare d to6.com e upshort7.c ompla inedabout 8.pu t t o the test9.O n the aver age 10.Giv en th at1.c 2.d 3.b 4.a 5.a6.d 7.c 8.b9.d 10.b 11.a 12.a 13.c 14.d 15.c16.d 17.b 18.b 19.a 20.d三单元1.wh en iwas u singGoogl e tofinda blo g tha t cov eredemplo yment lawissue s2.becam e cur iousas to whoGeorg e was andwhere he w orked3.I emai led G eorge angtoldhim i woul d enj oy me eting himovera cup of c offee4.w e nea rly b ecame clas smate s,and poss iblyfrien ds my fa theralmos t acc epted a te achin g pos ition5.t ry to cont ribut e som ethin g jus t abo ut ev erybu sines s day1.inve stmen thooke d updi aled-in a c lickof he r mou se2.flex ibili ty newbusin ess 1.m ore b usine ss2.news group s and vari ous p rofes siona ls she want ed to go onli ne i n per son in tervi ew qu estio ns1.nur ture2.com mute3.qu eries4.fl exibi lity5.is olate d6.r etrie ve7.rese rvati on 8.conve rse 9.con tract 10.p rospe cts 1.in a ma tterof 2.thank s to3.ho okedup 4.log o n 5.s ave from6.c aterto 7.gavebirth to 8.slow ed down9.to ssedout 10.fig ure o ut1.fle xibil ity 2.stab ility3.e mpowe r4.v aluab le 5.comfo rtabl e6.vario us1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B1.D 2.A 3.C4.B 5.C 6.A7.D 8.B1.onthe v ergeof 2.comes with theterri tory3.go ing t hroug h4.i n a n ew li ght 5.cons istsof6.were ta ken a back7.interms of8.inpubli c 9.m ake u p 10.fromscrat ch1.bey ond lau nchedcopeda ccoun ts Pre vious ly eve nts co mmuti ng 2.onlin e comp letedsourc e四单元1.a re fo rgett ing t he im porta nce o f rea ding re ad bo oks,m agazi nes,o r eve n new spape rs an ymore2.b uildyourvocab ularys uffer from voca bular ies t hat a re ve ry li mited3.y ou ne ed afew m oment s torelax afte r a h ard d ay4.actu allyhelpto en hance your brai n pow er5.beco me le ft be hind do your best to i nstil l a l ove o f rea dingwithi n you r chi ldren 1.youn gestm ost i nsist ent2.sen t tothemfreeof ch argen o obl igati ons3.animmig rante ducat ion w as ke y pr actic al a tea cher's lic ense1.thechild ren's inno cence thevalue s2. re ad th em so me ne w sto riesof he rs 1.li cense2.a dvent ure 3.int eract ion4.sca rce 5.lnte llige nt 6.obli gatio n7.pass ion 8.fost er 9.insis tent10.ov erwhe lmed1.f ree o f cha rge 2.bey ond h is wi ldest drea ms3.looku p4.pass on 5.soa k up6.on theside7.cam e tolife8.he ld de ar9.smil ed fr om ea r toear 10.gav e in1.i nsist ent 2.pers isten t3.curio sity4.pop ulari ty5.neig hborh ood 6.adul thood1.C 2.A 3.B4.D 5.A 1.D 2.A3.C4.C5.A 6.B 7.B 8.D1.whenit co mes t o 2.s o asto3.robb ed of 4.tookadvan tageof5.bro adenour h orizo ns7.tak e car e ofto th eir r escue9.a ssoci atedwith10.r egard lessof1.d 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.d6.a 7.a8.c 9.d 10.b 11.c 12.b 13.a 14.c15.c 16.a 17.d 18.b 19.d 20.c五单元1.an 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5.ma kingwaves6.o nly i f7.f elt l ike 8. ar e c oncer ned a boutsibli ngs cre atingt ouch pr obabl y i nstan ta pproa ch p ressi ng f igure exp lore brid ge 六单元1.m ighthavegonehomedisap point ed a w in-wi n-win situ ation2.the b ook s he wa ntedwas n o lon ger a vaila ble 3.wh at iwas l ookin g for sitt ing h ere o n top of t he fi rst a nd on ly bo x i o pened4.i ha d nointen tionof re adinga cus tomer felt forthe s tore5.a cus tomer felt forthe s tore1.c ame t o anend her home andjob 2.al one find a jo b atage 491.somecheap real esta te2.read ing a nd wr iting mores tudyi ng ag ain cr eativ e wri ting,editi ng an d pro ofrea ding,and t eachi ng En gilsh as a seco nd la nguag e theposit ive i nstea d ofthe n egati ve1.ten song s and a sc ience-fict ion f antas y nov e a te achin g qua lific ationb e mov ing a head2.S hangh ai to teac h1.rest ore 2.casu al 3.tripl ed 4.subse quent ly5.acco mpany ing 6.qua lific ation 7.de stina tion8.bo asts9.ove rnigh t o verni ght 10.dra matic ally1.o n the verg e of2.a r oof o ver y our h ead 3.los t tou ch wi th 4.a far cryfrom5.re lateto 6.in th e mid st of 7.se t out8.t ook a gamb le on 9.on hold 10.geari ng up1.isola tion2.edt ion 3.rela tions hip 4.mem bersh ip 5.luck y6.d usty1.C2.D3.A 4.B 5.B 1.C 2.D3.A4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B1.c heere d u p2.a cted3.lit up 4.make up 5.put tingon 6.fooli ng ar ound7.he ld on to 8.made it 9.on m y own 10.c are for1.D2.A3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A8.B9.D 10.D 11.A 12,C 13.D 14.B 15.A16.C17.B18.A19.A20.D七单元1.s imply from havi ng it occu r aro und t hem 2.fr om th eir s izesand s hapes to t heirskincolou r towhattheybelie ve 3.u nders tandthe b enefi ts of enco uragi ng eq ual r ights4.agoodstart ing p ointfor d iscus sions abou t res pecti ng ot hers5.Addr essin g dif feren ces b etwee n peo ple,expla ining resp ect,encou ragin g sel f-res pect1.Theyare v iewed in a nega tiveway2.Bee r and cars1.ste repty pes r espon siblerespo nsibi lity2.India n-Ame rican s 1.To addti th e com ic va lue o f the comm ercia l 2.publ ic aw akeni ng ta ke re spons ilili ty fo r the ir ow n act ionsalway s for ce th em1.acc ent 2.cons tantl y3.enfor ce 4.stere otype s 5.t olera ted6.exa ggera ted 7.rou tinel y8.featr ed 9.explo ited10.no torio us1.swe pt offmy fe et 2.broke into3.M ore o ftenthan4.fi ts in wi th 5.by na me6.To m y rec ollec tion7.wen t unn otice d8.have todo wi th 9.was c onfin ed to10.a s a w hole1.s exist2.ra cist3.enf orced4.en large d5.mater ializ ed 6.moder nize1.C2.A3.D 4.B 5.C1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C5.A 6.C 7.B 8.D1.attac h to2.far from 3.in siston4.driv e hom e 5.l ack o f 6.s et up7.inte ract wit h8.no lo nger9.fi lledwith10.ch oke o n1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A5.D 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.D10.B 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.D16.A 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D八单元1.wi ll be wise r,sma rterand h appie r peo ple2.wha t kin d ofparen t i w ouldstriv e tobe3.i ha d todig d eep t o fin d the stre ngthand c ourag e tofacethisnew l ife 4.the re we re so many peop le go ing t hroug h sit uatio ns mu ch wo rse t han m ine 5.bri ng yo u dow n but teac h you to m ove f orwar d toa bet ter t omorr owr ge larg e pur se2.at n ight,11 p.m 3.r ob he r ofher p urse1.t he bo y wou ld ru n awa y2.to w ash h is fa ce w as ma kingsuppe r for himstea l any morebuy some blue suede shoe s1.fear less,trust ful,a nd ge nerou s per son 2.Tha nk yo u,Ma'm1.mstru st 2.poppe d 3.r eleas ed4.drip ped 5.wher eupon 6.fr ail 7.pre senta ble 8.stoo ped 9.re ar 10.whi spere d1.make a da sh fo r 2.in c ommon3.latch onto 4.we re sw itche d on5.to ok ca re6.gotthrou gh wi th7.lost hisbalan ce 8.at fu ll bl ast 9.beasham ed of 10.a t the rear of 1.p resen table2.a voida ble 3.und ersta ndabl e4.m isrus t5.misun derst ood 6.mis behav e1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D5.C 1.C2.B3.A 4.D 5.A 6.D 7.C8.B 1.ou t ofcompu lsion2.b een ups et ab out 3.ha nded ove r4. so asto5.liein lies in 6.ke pt hi s wor d 7.in quitr abou t 8.do in styl e1.D...2.B...3.A...4.C...5.C...6.D...7.A..8.B...9.C...10.D...11.A...12.D...13.B...14.D...15.A....16.D...17.C...18.C...19.B...20.D 14/29。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册单词短语复习
1.absolutely ad. completely；without conditions 完全地；绝对地2.abundance n. a great quantity; plenty 丰富；充裕；大量3.abundant a. plentiful; more than enough 丰富的；充足的4.accompany陪同；陪伴和…一起发生（存在）5.accountant n. 会计师6.accustomed a. regular; usual 惯常的，通常的7.acute 剧烈的，激烈的；深切的（思想或感官）敏锐的；灵敏的3. 尖的，锐的；成锐8.admiralty n.（英）海军部9.afford vt. 买得起担负得起（损失、费用、后果等）10.alarm vt. excite with sudden fear or anxiety 使惊恐；使忧虑惊恐；忧虑警报11.alas int. a cry expressing grief, sorrow or fear 唉（表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等）12.alike同样地；相似地；以同样程度想像的，同样的13.amateur 业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等）14.amid prep.in the middle of, among 在…之中15.anonymous a.名字不详的；匿名的16.apparent显然的，明明白白的表面上的17.apply应用；实施（尤指以书面形式）申请；请求18.approve . (of) agree (officially) to 同意，批准19.artistic a. 1. of. concerning art or artists 艺术的；艺术家的富有艺术性的20.attention span a length of time over which one can concentrate 注意力的持续时间21.awaken vt. 1. (to) cause to become conscious of 使意识到唤醒22.bachelor n. an unmarried man 未婚男子；单身汉23.ballet n. 芭蕾舞（剧）24.barren. (of land) unproductive （土地等）贫瘠的，荒芜的25.battery n. 2. 电池（组）26.bean n. 豆；蚕豆27.behavio(u)r n. manner of acting 行为；举止28.beloved a. much loved; darling 深爱的；亲爱的29.beneficial 有益的；有帮助的30.blank a. 1. without writing, print or other marks 空白的，无表情的；茫然的31.bloody a. 血腥的，血污的32.bond 联结；联系2. 公债，债券3. 合约33.bound a准备到…去的2. very likely; certain 一定的；注定的34.breakdown崩溃；衰竭2. （关系、计划或讨论等的）中断35.campaign n. 战役，运动36.canvas 帆布画布，油画37.central a. 1. chief, main, of greatest importance 主要的，最重要的（位居）中心的38.claim索赔；宣称；声明；断言panion n. mate; one who associates with or accompanies another 同伴；伴侣plex 错综复杂的2. （词或句子）复合的，复杂的综合体；复合体；群落41.conflict 抵触；争论战争；战斗；冲突vi. (with) 冲突；抵触42.consolation prize安慰奖43.consolation安慰；慰问44.constitute vt. 1. form or make up 形成；构成组建；选派45.constitution n. 制定；设立；组成2. (often cap.) [常大写] 宪法；法规；章程46.constitutional a. allowed or limited by a political constitution 宪法规定的；合乎宪法的47.contemplate vt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some time （默默地）注视，凝视48.context背景；环境上下文49.contract 合同，契约v. l. 订（约）；承包2. 收缩，缩小50.contrast 对比；对照v. examine (two things) in order to find or show differences 对比；对照51.converge（在一点上）会合；集中52.cope vi. (with) deal successfully (with a difficult situation) （妥善地）应付或处理53.costly a. expensive, costing a lot of money 代价高昂的；昂贵的54.counterpart对应的人（或物）；对手（方)55.courageously 英勇地，无畏地56.crawl vi. & n. 爬（行）57.crazy a. 1. (infml.) foolish or strange 愚蠢的；古怪的着迷的；热衷的58.critical判断（或评价）审慎的2. 批判的3. 关键的59.criticism n. unfavorable judgment or expression of disapproval 批评；指责60.criticize (-cise)v. 1. make judgments about the good or bad points of 评论批评；指责61.curriculum n. the program of study offered in a school, college, etc. 课程，大纲62.damage 损害；损失损害；损坏；毁坏63.departure n. 1. the act of leaving a place 离开；启程背离；违反64.destructive 破坏（性）的65.device n.. 策略；手段装置；设备66.disaster n. (a)sudden great misfortune 灾难，天灾；祸患67.disastrous a. extremely bad; terrible 灾难性的，糟透的68.discriminate 有差别地对待区别，辨别，区分69.discrimination n. 1. the practice of unfairly treating sb. or sth. 区别对待；歧视识别力；辨别力70.disqualify vt. 取消…的资格；使不适合；使不能71.distinguish 使出众2. recognize 辨别；区分72.distract vt. (from) take (one's mind, sb.) off sth. 转移（注意力）; 使转移注意力73.distrust v. lack trust in; mistrust 不信任；怀疑74.disturb vt. 1. break the peace or order of 扰乱；打扰使心神不安；使烦恼75.disturbance 打扰；扰乱2. sth. that disturbs 造成干扰的事物76.disturbing a. causing worry or fright 令人不安的；令人烦恼的77.downhill 走下坡路的（地）向坡下（的）：向下（的）78.eccentric怪人；偏心圆；【机】偏心器；【天】离心圈古怪的；异乎寻常的79.edit（为出版、广播等而）编辑，编选；剪辑2 主编；充任（报纸等的）编辑80.edition版本81.editorial a. of or done by an editor 编辑的，编者的82.editor校订者；（文字）编辑2. 编辑；主编83.eligible有资格的；合格的；具备条件的；合适的84.emotional （令人）情绪激动的感情（上）的；情绪（上）的85.emphasis强调；重点；重要性86.ensure vt. (esp. BrE) make (sth.) certain to happen 保证，担保87.entry n. 参赛一员2. entrance; the act of entering or the right to enter 进入；进入权88.equipment设备；装备89.escalate（使）逐步升级；（使）逐步加剧90.Excel v. (at) be the beat or better others (at sth.) 胜过他人91.exclaim （由于惊讶、痛苦、愤怒、高兴等而）叫嚷，叫喊92.exclude vt. keep out from a place or an activity 阻止…进入；把…排斥在外93.exclusion n. the act of excluding or fact of being excluded 拒绝；排斥94.exclusive a. (of) not taking into account；without；excluding 不算；不包括；把…排斥在外95.exclusively ad. only；and nothing/no one else 排斥其他地；专有地；单独地96.exhibit展览；表现；展出97.existence n. the state of existing 存在；实有98.expertise 专门知识（或技能、意见等），专长99.extreme 极端的；极度的；最大的末端的；尽头的n. 极端；极度（状态）100.f actor因素，要素101.f ascinate强烈地吸引；迷住102.f ascinating a. having great attraction or charm 吸引人的；迷人的103.f ierce a. 1. angry, violent and cruel 暴怒的；凶猛的；残酷的强烈的104.f lop 失败（者）笨重地行动；沉重地落下105.f oster a. 收养孩子的；寄养的vt. 收养；照料106.f ury n. 1. a wildly excited state (of feeling or activity) 狂热；激烈狂怒107.g ap差距；间隙；缺口；间隔108.g lamo(u)r 魅力；迷人的力量109.g lamo(u)rous 富有魅力的；令人向往的110.g low n. a feeling of warmth or pleasure 热烈发光111.g rief悲哀112.g rieve v. suffer from grief or great sadness （为…而）悲伤；伤心113.g rind n美）［常贬义］用功的学生，书呆子vt. 磨；磨碎114.g uilt n. 1. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has done wrong 内疚罪（行）115.h aste n. quick movement or action 急忙，匆忙116.h astily 匆忙地；草率地；性急地117.h aunt [常被动]（思想、回忆等）萦绕；缠扰；常去118.h eartbreaking a. which causes great sorrow 令人悲痛的，令人心碎的119.h eritage 继承物，遗产；传统120.h eroism n. the quality of being a hero; great courage 大无畏精神；英勇121.h esitantly ad.犹豫不决地122.h istorian n. a person who studies history and/or writes about it 历史学家123.h onor roll（美）光荣榜（指优秀学生名单、当地服兵役公民名单等）124.h orrify vt. shock greatly；fill with horror 吓；使感惊骇125.h orror（文学作品、电影等）意在引起恐怖的恐惧；震惊126.h orsemanship n. the practice or skill of horse-riding 马术；骑术127.i ll ad. 不恰当地；拙劣地不利地；恶劣地；冷酷无情地3. hardly 几乎不；困难地128.i ll-chosen a. not well chosen 选择不恰当的129.i mbue［常被动］灌输（某种强烈的情感或意见）130.i mmigrant n. a person who has come to live in a country from abroad 移民；侨民131.i mpulse（一时的）冲动2. 冲力；脉冲；神经冲动132.i nfinite a. extremely great in degree or amount; without limits or end 无限的；极大的133.i ngredient n. 1. one of the essential parts of a situation 因素；要素2. 成分134.i nherit继承（金钱、财产等）；经遗传获得（品质、身体特征等）135.i nitially最初；开始；起初136.i nquire, enquire询问；查问137.i nquiry, enquiry n. (into, about) an act of inquiring 询问；查问138.i nsight洞察力；了解；洞悉；领悟139.i nstallation n. 1. 安装；设置2. 装置；设备140.j oint venture n. 合资企业141.J oint 共享的；共有的；共同做的142.j ustification正当的理由；辩解的理由143.j ustify 证明…正当（或有理）144.k indergarten幼儿园145.l abel vt 把…称为；把…列为2. 加标签于；用标签标明n. 标签146.l oaf游荡，闲逛（一个）面包147.l ord n. (in Britain) title of some officials of very high rank（英）大臣；大人，阁下148.l oyal a. faithful 忠诚的，忠实的149.l oyally忠诚地，忠实地150.m agic n. 魔法，法术a. 有魔力的151.m anagement管理层；管理部门2. 管理；经营152.m at 地席；席子2. 垫子153.m enace n. a threat or danger 威胁154.m inor a. 较少的，较小的155.m inority少数民族；少数派少数156.m isplace vt. 1. lose (sth.),usu. for only a limited time （暂时）丢弃把…放错地方157.m ission n.［常指军事］任务，天职，使命158.m otivate vt. [常被动] 激发…的积极性2. 使有动机159.m otorcar n. a car 汽车160.m ultitude n. a large number of 大批；大量161.n aivea. 1. too willing to believe or trust 轻信的幼稚的；天真的162.n aturally可预期地，自然地天生地；天然地163.n ervous breakdown 精神崩溃164.n onassertive谦虚的；不武断的165.o bligation n. sth. that one must do out of a duty or promise 义务；责任166.o bsess [常被动]使着迷167.o bstacle168.o dd a. 常用以构成复合词］…以上的；…出头的奇特的；古怪的奇数的，单数的169.o ffspring子女；后代170.o rientation n. a direction or position 取向；方位；定位171.o utstanding a. 杰出的；优秀的2. easily seen, important 显要的；重要的172.o vercome ［常被动］（感情等）压倒，使受不了克服；战胜173.o we vt. (to) 1. have sth. (usually sth. good) because of 把…归功于欠174.o wing a. (to) still to be paid 未付的，欠着的175.p aralyse使瘫痪；使麻痹；使不能正常工作176.p artner n. a person who shares (in the same activity) 合伙人；合作者；伙伴177.p arty n （条约、诉讼、争论等中的）一方，当事人178.p astime n. hobby；sth. done to pass time in a pleasant way 消遣，娱乐179.p ayroll工资表；在职人员名单180.p eak 达到顶峰；达到最大值n. （山）峰；顶峰；尖顶181.p ersonnel人事部门2. ［总称］职员182.p hilosophy n. 哲学183.p lunge vi. (into, in) 1. rush suddenly and deeply into sth. 投身于纵身投入；一头扎入184.p ose引起；假扮；造成（威胁、问题等）；产生185.p ositive a. 1. (of people) sure, having no doubt about sth. 无疑问的；确定的肯定的正面的186.p ractically 几乎，差不多实际上；从实际角度187.p recaution n. 1. carefulness 防备，预防预防措施188.p reclude vt. (fml.) (from) make impossible; prevent 妨碍，阻止；排除；防止189.p redict预报；预言；预告190.p rejudice歧视；偏见；成见191.p restige 声望；威望；威信192.p rimary a. 1. chief, main 主要的2. earliest in time or order of development 最初的193.p riority优先；优先权；重点；优先事项194.p rivately ad. 1非公开地在涉及私（个）人方面；秘密地195.p rivate私（个）人的；秘密的，非公开的196.p robable a. likely 很可能发生的197.p roclaim198.p rofitable有利（可图）的，有赢利的；有益的199.p romising 有前途的；有希望的200.p romotion 提升，晋级促销；宣传201.p rompt vt. 促使；推动；激励迅速的；及时的202.p rone a. (to) habitually likely to do sth. (usu. undesirable) 有…倾向的，易于…的203.p roperly适当地；正确地真正地204.p ropose 建议；提出提名，推荐205.p rospective有望的；可能的；预期的；潜在的206.q ualified 胜任的；合格的207.q ualify （使）取得资格208.r eaction n. response or change caused by the action of another 反应；感应209.r ecommendation n. 1. suggestion, piece of advice 建议2. 推荐信210.r efuge n.避难（所）；庇护（所）211.r efugee n.难民；流亡者212.r ejection （遭到）拒绝；摒弃213.r ely vi. 信任；信赖2. depend with full trust or confidence 依赖214.r epay vt. reward；pay back 偿还；回报215.r epetition 重复；反复216.r epresent 代表2. 象征；体现217.r escue 救助；救援vt. 救助；救援218.R esent vt. feel anger and dislike about sth. 对…表示愤恨219.r etreat n. 1 隐居处，撤退；避难vi. 撤退；退避220.r everse discrimination 逆向歧视，反其道而行之的歧视221.r evive （使）复苏；（使）重振活力恢复生机；复兴；重新流行222.r isk 危险；风险使遭受危险；冒…的风险223.s acrifice n. loss or giving up of sth. of value, esp. for what is believed to be a good purpose 牺牲224.s age 圣贤；哲人225.s avings n. money saved, esp. in a bank 积蓄；存款226.s cholarship n. 1. 奖学金2. 学识；学术成就227.s ensible 合情合理的；明白事理的2. (of) knowing；aware 知道的；意识到的228.s eries 系列；连接2. 丛书；广播（或电视）系列节目229.s etting环境；背景；（戏剧、小说等的）情节背；级230.s hield 保护；庇护n. 盾，盾牌231.s ketch 素描，速写232.s lash n. a long sweeping cut or blow 砍；挥击砍，砍击；猛挥233.s pan 持续时间2. 跨度；跨距234.s ponsor赞助商；发起人；保证人；为慈善活动捐资的人235.s tereotype n.固定形式，老套236.s tock. 库存物；储备树桩；树干备货；储备237.s uccession （前后相接的）一系列，一连串；连续238.s uccessive a. following each other closely 接连的，连续的，相继的239.s urge vi. （如浪潮般）汹涌；奔腾n. （感情等的）洋溢或奔放240.s urpass 超过；超越241.t errify vt. fill with terror or fear 恐吓，使惊吓242.t error 恐怖；引起恐怖的人（或物）243.t he basic point 基本要点244.t he bottom line245.t herapy n. the treatment of mental or physical illness （心理或生理）疗法，治疗246.t hrive繁荣；茁壮成长247.t oe n. 脚趾；足尖248.t oe shoe 芭蕾舞鞋249.t ransplant移植；移居250.t umble 摔下；跌倒；倒塌，坍塌251.u ltimately最终；最后；归根结底；终究252.u naccustomed a. not used (to sth.); not usual （对某物）不习惯的；不寻常的253.u nequipped 未配备所需物品的；无准备的254.u nhealthy a. 有碍健康的体弱多病的，不结实的，不健康的255.v acation n. (esp. AmE) holiday 假期；休假256.v ast a. 1. very large and wide 广阔的；广大的2. great in amount 大量的257.v astly ad. 1. very greatly 非常大地2. 广阔地258.v ictim n.牺牲者，受害者；牺牲品259.v iewpoint. 观点；看法260.V ote 推选2. 投票选举（或制定、决定、赞成、支持、通过261.w atercolo(u)r n. 水彩（颜料）；水彩画262.w hereas 反之，然而263.w retched a. very unhappy or unfortunate 不幸的；可怜的角的第一单元Phrases and Expressionsoverwhelmed by 被……所困惑pay the priceexperience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc. 付出代价come to sb.'s rescuehelp sb. when he/she is in danger or difficulty 解救某人，救助某人chance uponmeet by chance; find by chance 偶然碰见；偶然发现try one's handattempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first time 尝试plunge intobegin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitation 突然或仓促地开始某事；突然冲入before one knows itbefore one has time to consider the course of events 转眼之间，瞬息之间fall uponattack fiercely 猛攻，猛扑take refugeseek protection from danger or unhappiness 避难rely ontrust, or confidently depend on 依赖，依靠fall from officelose a position of authority to which sb. was elected or appointed 离位，下台awaken tocause to become conscious of 使意识到bear fruitproduce successful results 结果实；有成果date fromhave existed since 始自keep sb. companystay with sb. so that he/she is not alone 陪伴某人第二单元Phrases and Expressionsmake it (to) (a place)succeed in getting (to) (a place) 成功抵达某地owe tohave (sth. good) because of 把…归功于…imbue with(use. pass.) fill (sb), with (sth.), esp. a strong feeling or opinion [常被动] 向…灌输…by contrastvery differently (from sth. previously mentioned)；on the other hand 对比之下get aheadbe successful in one's career 获得成功；出头have what it takes(infml.) have the qualifications necessary for success 具备取得成功的必要条件spring frombe a product or result of；originate from 发源于；来自can't wait (for sth.)be excited about and eager (for sth.) 迫不及待，等不及第三单元Phrases and Expressionsrun intounexpectedly begin to experience; meet by chance 意外遇到；偶然遇到a multitude of/multitudes ofa very large number of 许多，众多due tobecause of; caused by 由于，因为by namewith the name of 名叫get into the habit ofdevelop a regular way of doing (sth.) 养成…的习惯come to an end(of sth. which goes on for a while) finish, stop 结束；终了pick upacquire without effort 获得；学会be faced withbe confronted with 面临着（某种情况）at timessometimes; once in a while 有时；间或keep sb. on the payrollkeep sb. employed 使某人留任somehow or otherin one way or another 以某种方式go along withagree with; accept; support 同意；接受；支持the other way aroundin the opposite way 相反地；倒过来；以相反方式thanks toowing to, because of 幸亏；由于；因为smooth overmake (problems or difficulties) seem less serious and easier to deal with 缓和；减轻leave in sb.'s handsgive sb. the responsibility for dealing with sth. 把…交某人管理第四单元Phrases and Expressionsplace/lay/put emphasis on/upongive sth. special force or attention to show that it is particularly important 强调；把重点放在，着重于in the long runafter enough time; in the end 从长远观点来看；终究a world ofa lot of 大量的，无数的be brilliant/best at sth.having or showing great skill at sth. 在某一方面极为出色at the cost of 以…为代价branch out 扩大（兴趣、活动、业务等的）范围count on/uponexpect; depend on 指望；料想；依靠turn down 拒绝（某人或其请求、忠告等）take stock 作出判断，进行评估第五单元Hold onto 抓住，坚持Get by （勉强）对付过去Take(time )off(from sth.) 暂时放下（学业、工作等）；休假Move into 搬入，搬迁Sign up for 签约从事Make (both ) ends meet 使收支相抵；勉强维持As of 自……起Stay up 不睡觉Throw oneself into 投身于；积极从事End up with 结果是，以……告终End up doing sth. 以……结束Make one’s dream come true 使梦想成真Work one’s way through school 靠做工挣钱完成学业Can(‘t) take sth. 能（不能）经受（困难、艰苦努力等）Get up down 被击败第六单元Far and wide 到处，广泛的Dream of 梦想，向往Specialize in 专门从事In use 在使用着的Fall apart 破碎，崩溃In a sense 从某种意义上说Be responsible for 是……的原因；对……负责Hang around (with) （在某处）闲荡；（和某人）厮混At once 同时，一起Struggle away with 努力做某事，艰难地做某事Having nothing to do with 与……无关Bother to do sth 费心去做某事Knock off 敲掉，击倒Work out 想出，得出Have one’s share of sth 享有其中一份，享有自己应得的一份Fit (right ) in （正）相合Mind over matter 精神战胜物质Turn out to be 最后是，结果是。
二十一世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后单词
二十一世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后单词unit 1New Wordsamidprep.in the middle of, among 在…之中* disastrousa. extremely bad; terrible 灾难性的，糟透的lordn. (in Britain) title of some officials of very high rank（英）大臣；大人，阁下admiraltyn. (the A～)(in Britain) government department in charge of the navy （英）海军部campaignn. 1. a series of planned military actions 战役2. a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business 运动bloodya. 1. very violent, with a lot of wounding and killing 血腥的2. covered with blood 血污的missionn. 1. (usu. military) duty or purpose for which people are sent somewhere ［常指军事］任务2. 天职，使命privatelyad. 1. not publicly 非公开地2. personally; secretly 在涉及私（个）人方面；秘密地privatea. 1. personal; secret 私（个）人的；秘密的2. not public 非公开的disastern. (a)sudden great misfortune 灾难，天灾；祸患* griefn. a feeling of extreme sadness 悲哀* grievev. suffer from grief or great sadness （为…而）悲伤；伤心retreatn. 1. a place into which one can go for peace and safety 隐居处2. 撤退；避难vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity 撤退；退避muse, Musen. 1. (in Greek mythology) one of the nine goddesses of poetry, music, etc. 缪斯（希腊神话中司文艺的九位女神之一）2. a force or person that inspires sb. to write, paint, etc. 创作灵感rescuen. help which gets sb. out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation 救助；救援vt. 救助；救援sister-in-lawn. sister of one's husband or wife 姑子；姨子；嫂子；弟媳sketchv. make a quick, rough drawing (of sth.) 素描，速写n. 素描，速写watercolo(u)rn. 水彩（颜料）；水彩画magicn. 魔法，法术a. 有魔力的* distractvt. (from) take (one's mind, sb.) off sth. 转移（注意力）; 使转移注意力* canvasn. 1. a piece of strong heavy cloth used for an oil painting 帆布画布2. a completed oil painting 油画* contemplatevt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some time （默默地）注视，凝视blanka. 1. without writing, print or other marks 空白的2. expressionless；without understanding 无表情的；茫然的unaccustomeda. not used (to sth.); not usual （对某物）不习惯的；不寻常的accustomeda. regular; usual 惯常的，通常的hesitantlyad. not doing sth. quickly or immediately for one's uncertainty or worry about it 犹豫不决地infinitea. extremely great in degree or amount; without limits or end 无限的；极大的precautionn. 1. carefulness 防备，预防2. an action taken to avoid sth. dangerous or unpleasant 预防措施beann. 豆；蚕豆motorcarn. a car 汽车alarmvt. excite with sudden fear or anxiety 使惊恐；使忧虑n. 1. a sudden feeling of fear or anxiety 惊恐；忧虑2. a warning of danger 警报plungevi. (into, in) 1. rush suddenly and deeply into sth. 投身于2. suddenly fall in a particular direction 纵身投入；一头扎入fiercea. 1. angry, violent and cruel 暴怒的；凶猛的；残酷的2. (of heat, strong feelings) very great 强烈的* slashn. a long sweeping cut or blow 砍；挥击vt. cut with long sweeping forceful strokes；move or force with this kind of cutting movement 砍，砍击；猛挥absolutelyad. completely；without conditions 完全地；绝对地* terrifyvt. fill with terror or fear 恐吓，使惊吓* wretcheda. very unhappy or unfortunate 不幸的；可怜的victimn. sb. or sth. hurt or killed as a result of other people's actions, or of illness, bad luck, etc. 牺牲者，受害者；牺牲品* furyn. 1. a wildly excited state (of feeling or activity) 狂热；激烈2. (a state of) very great anger 狂怒artistica. 1. of. concerning art or artists 艺术的；艺术家的2. made with inventive skill or imagination 富有艺术性的companionn. mate; one who associates with or accompanies another 同伴；伴侣beloveda. much loved; darling 深爱的；亲爱的overcomevt. 1. (often pass.) (by, with) (of feelings) take control and influence one's behavior ［常被动］（感情等）压倒，使受不了2. win a victory over; defeat 克服；战胜* refugen. (a place that provides) protection or shelter from harm, danger or unhappiness 避难（所）；庇护（所）alasint. a cry expressing grief, sorrow or fear 唉（表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等）* revivev. 1. regain strength, consciousness, life, etc.；bring (sb. or sth.) back to strength, consciousness, life, etc. （使）复苏；（使）重振活力2. become active, popular, or successful again 恢复生机；复兴；重新流行glown. a feeling of warmth or pleasure 热烈vi. emit a soft light 发光amateura. & n. (a person who is) not professional 业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等）entryn. 1. a person or thing taking part in a competition, race, etc.参赛一员2. entrance; the act of entering or the right to enter 进入；进入权* anonymousa. (of a person) with name unknown；(of a letter, painting, etc.) written or created by an unidentified person 名字不详的；匿名的disqualifyvt. make or declare unfit, unsuitable, or unable to do sth. 取消…的资格；使不适合；使不能relyvi. (on, upon) 1. have trust or confidence (in) 信任；信赖2. depend with full trust or confidence 依赖* historiann. a person who studies history and/or writes about it 历史学家* barrena. (of land) unproductive （土地等）贫瘠的，荒芜的awakenvt. 1. (to) cause to become conscious of 使意识到2. cause to wake up 唤醒* menacen. a threat or danger 威胁abundanta. plentiful; more than enough 丰富的；充足的abundancen. a great quantity; plenty 丰富；充裕；大量odda. 1. (infml.) (after numbers) a little more than the stated number ［常用以构成复合词］…以上的；…出头的2. strange or unusual 奇特的；古怪的3. 奇数的，单数的existencen. the state of existing 存在；实有* pastimen. hobby；sth. done to pass time in a pleasant way 消遣，娱乐Phrases and Expressionspay the priceexperience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc. 付出代价come to sb.'s rescuehelp sb. when he/she is in danger or difficulty 解救某人，救助某人chance uponmeet by chance; find by chance 偶然碰见；偶然发现try one's handattempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first time 尝试plunge intobegin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitation 突然或仓促地开始某事；突然冲入before one knows itbefore one has time to consider the course of events 转眼之间，瞬息之间fall uponattack fiercely 猛攻，猛扑take refugeseek protection from danger or unhappiness 避难rely ontrust, or confidently depend on 依赖，依靠fall from officelose a position of authority to which sb. was elected or appointed 离位，下台awaken tocause to become conscious of 使意识到bear fruitproduce successful results 结果实；有成果date fromhave existed since 始自keep sb. companystay with sb. so that he/she is not alone 陪伴某人Proper NamesWinston Churchill温斯顿·丘吉尔（1874—1965，英国保守党政治家、首相［1940—1945，1951—1955］、作家）Mary Soames玛丽·索姆斯First Lord of the Admiralty（英国）海军大臣Dardanelles达达尼尔海峡（位于亚洲小亚细亚半岛同欧洲巴尔干半岛之间）Clementine克莱门泰因（女子名）Surrey萨里郡（英国英格兰郡名）John Lavery约翰·莱佛利Marigold玛丽戈尔德（女子名）Chartwell查特威尔（宅名）Adolf. Hitler希特勒（1889—1945，纳粹德国元首）unit 2New Wordsexcelv. (at) be the beat or better others (at sth.) 胜过他人savingsn. money saved, esp. in a bank 积蓄；存款heartbreakinga. which causes great sorrow 令人悲痛的，令人心碎的costlya. expensive, costing a lot of money 代价高昂的；昂贵的sacrificen. loss or giving up of sth. of value, esp. for what is believed to be a good purpose 牺牲vt. 牺牲riskn. (of) a danger；sth. that might have undesirable results 危险；风险vt. place in a dangerous situation 使遭受危险；冒…的风险copevi. (with) deal successfully (with a difficult situation) （妥善地）应付或处理successionn. a series or the act of following one after the other （前后相接的）一系列，一连串；连续successivea. following each other closely 接连的，连续的，相继的*fostera. 收养孩子的；寄养的vt. 收养；照料scholarshipn. 1. 奖学金2. 学识；学术成就owevt. (to) 1. have sth. (usually sth. good) because of 把…归功于2. have to pay, for sth. already done or given 欠owinga. (to) still to be paid 未付的，欠着的motivatevt. (often pass.) 1. provide (sb.) with a (strong) need, purpose or reason for doing sth. [常被动] 激发…的积极性2. 使有动机*surgevi. move, esp. forward, in or like powerful waves （如浪潮般）汹涌；奔腾n. （感情等的）洋溢或奔放constitutevt. 1. form or make up 形成；构成2. formally establish or appoint 组建；选派constitutionn. 1. the act of establishing, making, or setting up；constituting 制定；设立；组成2. (often cap.) [常大写] 宪法；法规；章程*constitutionala. allowed or limited by a political constitution 宪法规定的；合乎宪法的grindn. (AmE, often derog.) a student who is always working （美）［常贬义］用功的学生，书呆子vt. 磨；磨碎*stereotypen. a fixed pattern which is believed to represent a type of person or event 固定形式，老套misplacevt. 1. lose (sth.),usu. for only a limited time （暂时）丢弃2. put in an unsuitable or wrong place 把…放错地方refugeen. sb. who has been forced to leave their country for political reason or during a war 难民；流亡者*resentvt. feel anger and dislike about sth. 对…表示愤恨labelvt. 1. describe as belonging to a particular kind or class 把…称为；把…列为2. 加标签于；用标签标明n. 标签minorityn. 1. a small part of a population which is different from others in race, religion, etc. 少数民族；少数派2. the small number or part；less than half 少数minora. 较少的，较小的*discriminationn. 1. the practice of unfairly treating sb. or sth. 区别对待；歧视2. the ability to recognize the difference between two things 识别力；辨别力reverse discriminationthe making of distinctions in favour of groups considereddisadvantaged or underprivileged 逆向歧视，反其道而行之的歧视*discriminatev. 1. (against, in favor of) unfairly treat one person or group worse or better than others 有差别地对待2. see or make a difference between things or people 区别，辨别，区分contrastn. (to, with) a strong difference between two people, objects or situations 对比；对照v. examine (two things) in order to find or show differences 对比；对照excludevt. keep out from a place or an activity 阻止…进入；把…排斥在外exclusionn. the act of excluding or fact of being excluded 拒绝；排斥exclusivea. (of) not taking into account；without；excluding 不算；不包括；把…排斥在外exclusivelyad. only；and nothing/no one else 排斥其他地；专有地；单独地immigrantn. a person who has come to live in a country from abroad 移民；侨民prejudicen. unfair and usually unfavorable feeling or opinion about a group—e.g.a nationality or race 歧视；偏见；成见seriesn. 1. (of) a set or group of things of the same kind or relatedin some way, coming one after another or in order 系列；连接2. 丛书；广播（或电视）系列节目fascinatinga. having great attraction or charm 吸引人的；迷人的*fascinatevt. (with) charm powerfully；be very interesting to 强烈地吸引；迷住disturbinga. causing worry or fright 令人不安的；令人烦恼的disturbvt. 1. break the peace or order of 扰乱；打扰2. cause to become anxious or upset 使心神不安；使烦恼*disturbancen. 1. an act of disturbing or the state of being disturbed 打扰；扰乱2. sth. that disturbs 造成干扰的事物kindergartenn. a school or class for young children, usu. between the ages of four and six 幼儿园*counterpartn. a person or thing that has the same purpose or does the same job as another in a different system 对应的人（或物）；对手（方)batteryn. 1. (of) a set or number of things of the same kind occurring in rapid succession 一组；一系列2. 电池（组）*convergevi. (of two or more things) come together towards the same point （在一点上）会合；集中the bottom linethe basic point 基本要点imbuev. (with)(usu. pass.) to fill with (sth., often a strong feeling or opinion) ［常被动］灌输（某种强烈的情感或意见）*offspringn. a child or children from particular parents 子女；后代criticala. 1. providing a careful judgment of the good and bad qualities of sth. 判断（或评价）审慎的3. 关键的criticize (-cise)v. 1. make judgments about the good or bad points of 评论2. judge with disapproval；point out the faults of 批评；指责criticismn. unfavorable judgment or expression of disapproval 批评；指责curriculumn. the program of study offered in a school, college, etc. 课程，大纲factorn. any of the facts, conditions, influences, etc. that act with others to bring about a result 因素，要素outstandinga. 1. better than others, very good 杰出的；优秀的2. easily seen, important 显要的；重要的*heritagen. a tradition, custom, or quality which is passed down over many years within a family, social group, or nation and which is thought of as belonging to all its members 继承物，遗产；传统philosophyn. 哲学sagen. sb., esp. an old man or historical person, known for his wisdom and long experience 圣贤；哲人primarya. 1. chief, main 主要的2. earliest in time or order of development 最初的ingredientn. 1. one of the essential parts of a situation 因素；要素2. 成分centrala. 1. chief, main, of greatest importance 主要的，最重要的2. being (at, in, or near) the center （位居）中心的n. a direction or position 取向；方位；定位*repayvt. reward；pay back 偿还；回报obligationn. sth. that one must do out of a duty or promise 义务；责任guiltn. 1. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has done wrong 内疚2. the fact of having broken a moral rule or official law 罪（行）bondn. 1. sth. that unites two or more people, or groups, such asa shared feeling or interest 联结；联系2. 公债，债券3. 合约crawlvi. & n. 爬（行）horrifyvt. shock greatly；fill with horror 吓；使感惊骇unhealthya. 1. likely to cause illness or poor health 有碍健康的2. not very strong or well, often ill 体弱多病的，不结实的，不健康的*naivea. 1. too willing to believe or trust 轻信的2. without experience (as of social rules or behaviour), esp. because one is young 幼稚的；天真的*transplantvt. move sth. from one place and plant, settle or establish elsewhere 移植；移居recommendationn. 1. suggestion, piece of advice 建议2. 推荐信vacationn. (esp. AmE) holiday 假期；休假vastlyad. 1. very greatly 非常大地2. 广阔地vasta. 1. very large and wide 广阔的；广大的2. great in amount 大量的positivea. 1. (of people) sure, having no doubt about sth. 无疑问的；确定的2. certain, beyond any doubt 肯定的3. (of a statement) direct 正面的spann. 1. the length of time over which a stated thing continues or works well 持续时间2. 跨度；跨距attention spana length of time over which one can concentrate 注意力的持续时间Phrases and Expressionsmake it (to) (a place)succeed in getting (to) (a place) 成功抵达某地owe tohave (sth. good) because of 把…归功于…imbue with(use. pass.) fill (sb), with (sth.), esp. a strong feeling or opinion [常被动] 向…灌输…by contrastvery differently (from sth. previously mentioned)；on the other hand 对比之下get aheadbe successful in one's career 获得成功；出头have what it takes(infml.) have the qualifications necessary for success 具备取得成功的必要条件spring frombe a product or result of；originate from 发源于；来自can't wait (for sth.)be excited about and eager (for sth.) 迫不及待，等不及Proper NamesFox Butterfield富克斯·巴特菲尔德Trinh Kim-Chi郑金枝（越南人名）Vietnamn. 越南San Diego圣地亚哥（美国港市，位于加利福尼亚州南部）Patrick Henry High School帕特里克·亨利中学Cornell University康奈尔大学（美国纽约州一大学）Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) （美国）马萨诸塞州理工学院（或译麻省理工学院）IQintelligence quotient 智商Cambodiana. 柬埔寨的University of Michigan（美国）密歇根大学Harold W. Stevenson哈罗德·W·斯蒂文森Minneapolis明尼阿波利斯（美国明尼苏达州东南部城市）Taipei台北（台湾省）Sendai仙台（日本本州岛东北岸港市）Confucianismn. 孔子学说，儒学Confucius孔子Confuciann. & a. 孔子（的）；儒学（的）；孔子信徒；儒士Protestantn. & a. 新教徒；新教（教徒）的Lee Don李·唐unit 3New Wordsjointa. shared, held or done by two or more people 共享的；共有的；共同做的joint venturen. 合资企业conflictn. 1. a state of serious disagreement or argument about sth. important 抵触；争论2. war or battle; struggle 战争；战斗；冲突vi. (with) 冲突；抵触*multituden. a large number of 大批；大量*escalatev. make or become greater or more serious （使）逐步升级；（使）逐步加剧emotionala. 1. having or causing strong feelings （令人）情绪激动的2. concerned with emotions and feelings 感情（上）的；情绪（上）的partyn. a person or group of people involved in an argument, agreement, or other activity, esp. a legal matter （条约、诉讼、争论等中的）一方，当事人exclaimv. speak or say loudly and suddenly, because of surprise or other strong feelings （由于惊讶、痛苦、愤怒、高兴等而）叫嚷，叫喊installationn. 1. 安装；设置2. 装置；设备managementn. 1. the people who control and organize a business or other organization 管理层；管理部门2. 管理；经营equipmentn. the set of things needed for a particular activity 设备；装备qualifieda. having suitable knowledge or qualifications, esp. for a job 胜任的；合格的qualifyv. (cause to) gain a certain level of knowledge, ability, or performance, or a qualification（使）取得资格contractn. a formal written agreement, having the force of law, between two or more people or groups 合同，契约v. l. 订（约）；承包2. 收缩，缩小distrustv. lack trust in; mistrust 不信任；怀疑n. lack of trust; mistrust 不信任；怀疑representvt. 1. act or speak officially for (another person or group of people) 代表2. 象征；体现naturallyad. 1. in a manner to be expected, as a natural result 可预期地，自然地2. according to the nature of sb. or sth. 天生地；天然地nonassertivea. not expressing or tending to express strong opinions or claims 谦虚的；不武断的behavio(u)rn. manner of acting 行为；举止partnern. a person who shares (in the same activity) 合伙人；合作者；伙伴*expertisen. special skill or knowledge in a particular field 专门知识（或技能、意见等），专长*bachelorn. an unmarried man 未婚男子；单身汉*profitablea. producing or resulting in profit or advantage 有利（可图）的，有赢利的；有益的thrivevi. develop well and be healthy, strong, or successful 繁荣；茁壮成长properlyad. 1. suitably, correctly, sensibly 适当地；正确地2. really, actually, exactly 真正地tatamin. （日）榻榻米（指日本人铺在房内地板上的稻草垫）matn. 1. a small piece of carpet or other thick material which is put on the floor for protection, decoration, or comfort 地席；席子apparenta. 1. (to) clearly seen or understood 显然的，明明白白的2. seeming; according to appearance 表面上的*surpassvt. exceed; go beyond in amount, quality, or degree 超过；超越loyallyad. faithfully 忠诚地，忠实地loyala. faithful 忠诚的，忠实的departuren. 1. the act of leaving a place 离开；启程2. turning away from what is planned or what is usually done 背离；违反contextn. 1. the general conditions in which sth. takes place 背景；环境2. what comes before and after a word or sentence which helps to fix the meaning 上下文horrora. (of a story or film) intended to be very frightening （文学作品、电影等）意在引起恐怖的n. a strong feeling caused by sth. extremely unpleasant 恐惧；震惊proposevt. 1. suggest; put forward for consideration 建议；提出2. (as, to be) put forward to be voted on 提名，推荐approver. (of) agree (officially) to 同意，批准accountantpersonneln. 1.the department in an organization that deals with employees, keeps their records, and helps with any problems they might have 人事部门2. ［总称］职员justifyvt. give a good reason for 证明…正当（或有理）*justificationn. a good or proper reason for doing sth. 正当的理由；辩解的理由payrolln. a list of workers employed by a company and the amount of wages each person is to be paid 工资表；在职人员名单sensiblea. 1. reasonable；having or showing good sense 合情合理的；明白事理的2. (of) knowing；aware 知道的；意识到的crazya. 1. (infml.) foolish or strange 愚蠢的；古怪的2. (infml.) wildly excited; very keen or interested 着迷的；热衷的accompanyvt. 1. go with, esp. on a journey 陪同；陪伴。
21世纪大学英语第二册词汇与短语
21世纪大学英语第二册词汇与短语Unit 1 Text AVocabularies & ExpressionsⅠ. Vocabularies1.campaign n.战役；运动【同battle, combat】【例句】Did you serve in either of my last two campaigns?你参加过我上两次战役中的一次吗?【搭配】the campaign against corruption 反腐败运动；on campaign从军；出征；从事运动；参加竞选；begin/start/conduct/launch a campaign开展一场运动2.mission n..（军事）任务；天职，使命【例句】He was sent on a top-secret mission. 他被派去执行一项高度机密的任务。
【搭配】carry out/perform a mission执行命令；accomplish one’s mission完成任务/使命;send sb. on a mission of inquiry 派某人去进行调查【辩析】assignment, mission, taskassignmen t 指职责外另行指派的具体“任务、工作”; mission指被派遣人员领受的正式“使命”，有时专指“军事任务”或飞机、飞船的“飞行任务”; task应用范围较广，既可指职责内的“任务”，一般“工作”，又可指分派或指定的“工作”。
3.loss n.. 丢失；遗失；丧失；损失；输，失败【例句】It was a great loss to us all. 这对我们所有人来说都是一个巨大的损失。
【扩展】lose vt./vi. 丢失；损失；失败【搭配】at a loss不知所措; 亏本；loss of face 丢面子4.grieve vt .使悲痛vi.悲痛，伤心【例句】It grieves me to see him in such bad health. 看到他身体这样差，我心里十分难过。
21世纪大学英语第二册Unit1整理
Unit 11.Mission(Mission Impossible:Ghost Protocol)《碟中谍：幽灵协议》2.Private•Although (he was) cheerful in company, he was often sad in private.•虽然和友人在一起是愉快的，但他私下却常常很悲伤。
•In person?•The winner will be there in person to collect the prize.•奖金需获奖者本人领取。
3.blank1.Er, let me think. Sorry, my mind's gone blank.让我想一想。
抱歉，我大脑一片空白。
2.Did you leave the translation part blank in the final exam?3.Her explanations were met with blank incomprehension.大家对她的解释茫然不解。
4.I can't think where I've left my umbrella; my mind's a complete blank!我想不起来把伞丢在哪儿了，一点印象都没有！4.accustomedHe is used to eating out all the time.他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。
You'll get used to it.你会习惯的。
I’m used to /I get used to/I’m accustomed to doing my homework after 11pm.我习惯每天晚上11点后做作业。
5.HesitantlyHesitate to do sthIf I can be of service, do not hesitate to call on me.有用得着我的地方,尽管来找我。
21世纪大学英语读写教程 第二册 Unit4
Unit4 Turning Failure into success1.votevt.1.choose (sb.) to have (a particular title); elect2. 投票选举(或制定、决定、赞成、支持、通过)vi. (for, against, on) express one's choice officially at a meeting or in an electionn. 选举；投票；选票Examples:She was voted Best Director at the Shanghai Film Festival.A woman was shouting “Vote for Kennedy! Vote Kennedy!”We called a meeting in order to take a vote on the issue.2.Promotionn.1) advancement in rank or position2) attempt to make a product or an event popular or successful, esp. by advertisingExamples:The promotion of Anne to vice president was expected.The promotion of the new product cost thousands of dollars.3.Nervous breakdownan unnatural condition of deep worrying, anxiety, weeping or tirednessTo have a nervous breakdown is to become mentally ill, usually as a result of working too hard or of difficult emotional problems, and be temporarily unable to deal with ordinary things such as working or looking after your family.Examples:He was forced to give up his job after suffering a nervous breakdown.After her divorce, Laura had a nervous breakdown and was off work for three months.4.Panicn. a feeling or state of sudden uncontrollable and quickly spreading fearExamples:He got into a panic about examinations.The thought of flying alone filled me with panic.There is a strong likelihood of panic if a fire starts in the building.5.Rejectionn. the act of rejecting or being rejectedExamples:John was angered by his classmates' rejection of his proposal.I've had so many rejections that I've stopped offering to help her.6.Reactionn. response or change caused by the action of anotherExamples:My reaction to Bob's insult was to leave the room.Reactions to the proposal so far have been favorable.A chemical reaction is two or more substances reacting with and changing each other.Example:The explosion was caused by a chemical reaction.7.place emphasis onGive sth. special force or attention to show that it is particularly importantExamples:In Japanese society, a lot of emphasis is laid on academic success.This dictionary places a special emphasis on grammar.8.In the long run--after enough time; in the endExamples:It pays to buy goods of high quality in the long run.Computers can, in the long run, be made more secure than any bank.9.Beneficiala. producing favorable effects or useful resultsExamples:Sunshine and rain are beneficial to the crops in the field.This new drug is beneficial for sufferers from AIDS.10.Deal with1). a job dealing with people -- a job that involves handling human relations2). deal with sth. -- handle or attend to sth. (usu. sth. that needs attention or concern)Examples:Haven't you dealt with that letter yet?The Finance Officer deals with all the finances of the university.11.Be prone to1. (to) habitually likely to do sth. (usu. undesirable )Examples:He is prone to lose temper when others disagree with him.Angela is rather prone to exaggeration.2. To be prone to also means to be likely to become ill or to get a particular illness.Examples:You're more prone to illnesses when you're tired.My sister is prone to flu.12.Orientationn. a usu. general and lasting direction of thought, interest or view-- People generally tend to look at things as having only two values, or two sides: anything that is not good must be bad, that is not true be false-- this two-valued logic is called “the two-valued orientation” by Hayakawa.17. a world of = a lot ofThere's a world of difference between the old Chinese society and the new one.That experience gave him a world of good.18. complexa. 1. difficult to understand, explain, or deal with; not clear or simple2. (词或句子)复合的, 复杂的n. a system consisting of a large number of closely related parts 综合体；复合体；群落Examples:The student thought the algebraic formula was complex.a complex problem/ issue/ mattera complex sentence/ wordan office complex（综合办公楼）a shopping complex（综合商场）19.precludevt. (fml.) (from) make impossible; preventPreclude is often used of a situation or condition or some anticipatory measures that prevent the possibility of a thing's occurring or of a person's doing something.Examples:He makes everything so clear that all misunderstanding is precluded.The fact that your application was not successful this time does not preclude the possibility of you applying again next time.20. practicallyad.1. (infml.) very nearly; almost2 .in a practical wayExamples:There is a television in practically every American home.It's practically impossible to get home in less than an hour.Theoretically, it's a good idea to live without a car, but practically speaking, it would be difficult to manage without one.21. prestigen. general respect or admiration felt in men's mind for sb. or sth. by reason of having, or being connected with, rank, proved high qualityExamples:a man of high prestigeMany people are attracted by the prestige of working for a top company.22. marked her as “Olympic material”-- distinguished her as a potential Olympic athletemark as: be a distinguishing feature of ... asExamples:These qualities mark the film as exceptionally good.Hard work has marked Asian Americans as a model minority.material -- n. someone who is good enough for a particular job or position23. peak1. vi. reach the highest value, level, point, etc.2. n. (山)峰；顶峰；尖顶Examples:The mountain peaks at 15,000 feet.The tennis player peaked when she was 21.As the sound reached its peak, a window broke.24. downhilla.& ad.1. (becoming) worse or less successful2. (going) towards the bottom of a hillExamples:Investors were panicked（恐慌）by the downhill slide of the stock market.Everything went downhill for the team when the star athlete retired.The ball rolled downhill and landed in a puddle25. damagen. harm; lossvt. cause damage toExamples:The fire did a lot of damage to the factory.The accident caused the child a lot of emotional and physical damage.Someone damaged my book by spilling milk on it.The political scandal damaged a lot of reputations.26. distinguishvt. 1. ( ~ oneself) behave or perform noticeably well2. recognizeExamples:He distinguished himself in the debate.McEnroe first distinguished himself by winning a junior tournament at Wimbledon.To distinguish A from B or to distinguish between A and B is to notice or understand the difference between two things.Examples:She's color-blind and can't distinguish between red and green easily.I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from Portuguese.27. at the cost ofExamples:He saved the children from the fire at the cost of his own life.The driver managed not to hit the child, but only at the cost of injuring himself.28. be obsessed withvt. (usu. pass.) completely fill the mind of (sb.) so that no attention is given to other mattersIf you are obsessed with something or something obsesses you, you have an unreasonably strong interest in it and can't stop thinking about it or doing it.Examples:Why are people so obsessed with money?Bill is obsessed with keeping his house clean.The idea of finding her real mother seemed to obsess her.29. branch out(into) add to the range of one‘s interests or activitiesExamples:First Jim collected stamps; then he branched out and collected coins, too.Many businesses are unwilling to branch out into new and unfamiliar areas.The bookstore has decided to branch out into selling records and tapes.30. shieldvt. (from) protect or hide from harm or danger 保护；庇护n. 盾，盾牌Examples:The heavy coat shielded me from the cold.The knight's sword struck the soldier's shield.31. devicen. 1. a method of achieving sth.2. an object that has been invented for a particular purposeExamples:That rather cool manner of hers is just a device to avoid having to talk to people.Dave bought a special device to peel potatoes.32. impulsen. 1 .a sudden desire to do sth. (一时的)冲动2.冲力；脉冲；神经冲动Examples:Susan had a sudden impulse to smoke a cigarette.An electrical impulse shocked Mary when she touched the electric fence.If you do something on impulse, you do it because you feel an impulse.Examples:I didn't need a mobile phone. I just bought it on impulse.Some people just can't help acting on impulse.32. enquirev. ask for informationInquire is American, while enquire is British. One enquires of somebody about some information. If you enquire after someone, you ask for information about them, especially about their health. If you enquire into something, you try to discover the facts about it.Examples:Shall I enquire about the price of tickets?“So what happens now?” She enquired of nobody in particular.Robert enquired after his father.When the authority enquired into his background, they found that he had a criminal record.He enquired the time from a passer-by.33. count on1. expect; depend onExamples:We are counting on you to wake us up in time.I really need a break, so I'm counting on getting away for a few days next week.2. If you can count on someone, you can always rely on them to help or support you.Examples:If you ever need any help, you know you can always count on me.You can always count on Michael in a crisis.34. affordVt .1.be able to buy2. be able to do, spend, give, bear, etc., without serious loss or damageExamples:I think we can afford a new washing machine.He can hardly afford another failure in any of his exams. (= It will cause him problems if he fails.)“Oh, no. I can't afford to lose my passport.”(= I will be in trouble if I lose it.)35. not nearly-- far from; much less thanExamples:There is not nearly enough (= There is much too little) for all these people!They don't have nearly so many foods to choose from as we do.36. prompt1. vt. cause or urge; encourage or help sb. to continue2. a. done without any delay; not late 迅速的；及时的Examples:Michael's criticism of Lisa prompted me to defend her.The sight of the ships prompted thoughts of his distant home.He wrote a prompt answer to my letter.37. turn downrefuse (a request or offer or the person that makes it); rejectExamples:She turned him down; she wouldn't marry him.Pauline has turned down offers from several law firms.38. take stock of-- consider a situation carefully so as to take a decisionTo take stock of something is to think carefully about the situation you are in, and about the way it has developed so far, in order to decide what to do next.Examples:It's time to take stock of your life and decide where you want to go.At the age of 25, I began to take stock of my career so far.39. therapy1. n. the treatment of mental or physical illnessExamples:Mike spent two years in therapy because of depression.Joining a club can be a therapy for loneliness.2. Physical therapy （理疗）is the treatment of disease, injury and deformity by using massage（按摩），heat, exercises and other physical remedies.Example:The injured athlete's doctor recommended physical therapy.40. terrorn. (sb. or sth. that causes) extreme fearExamples:The movie inspired terror in its viewers.The tyrant is regarded as a terror to the people.41. tumblevi. (down) fall suddenly or helplessly; collapseExamples:I tripped on my shoelace and tumbled on to the ground.At any moment the whole building could tumble down.42. be bound to1. (for, to) going to or intending to go to 准备到…去的2. very likely; certain 一定的；注定的If a person, ship, plane etc. is bound for a place, especially a place that is far away, they are going there.Examples:So where are you bound to morrow?The captain told me that the ship was bound for New York.If something is bound to happen, it is certain to happen.Examples:The kids are bound to be hungry when they get home --- they always are.The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册单词短语复习
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册单词短语复习1.absolutely ad. completely；without conditions 完全地；绝对地2.abundance n. a great quantity; plenty 丰富；充裕；大量3.abundant a. plentiful; more than enough 丰富的；充足的4.accompany陪同；陪伴和…一起发生（存在）5.accountant n. 会计师6.accustomed a. regular; usual 惯常的，通常的7.acute 剧烈的，激烈的；深切的（思想或感官）敏锐的；灵敏的3. 尖的，锐的；成锐8.admiralty n.（英）海军部9.afford vt. 买得起担负得起（损失、费用、后果等）10.alarm vt. excite with sudden fear or anxiety 使惊恐；使忧虑惊恐；忧虑警报11.alas int. a cry expressing grief, sorrow or fear 唉（表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等）12.alike同样地；相似地；以同样程度想像的，同样的13.amateur 业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等）14.amid prep.in the middle of, among 在…之中15.anonymous a.名字不详的；匿名的16.apparent显然的，明明白白的表面上的17.apply应用；实施（尤指以书面形式）申请；请求18.approve . (of) agree (officially) to 同意，批准19.artistic a. 1. of. concerning art or artists 艺术的；艺术家的富有艺术性的20.attention span a length of time over which one can concentrate 注意力的持续时间21.awaken vt. 1. (to) cause to become conscious of 使意识到唤醒22.bachelor n. an unmarried man 未婚男子；单身汉23.ballet n. 芭蕾舞（剧）24.barren. (of land) unproductive （土地等）贫瘠的，荒芜的25.battery n. 2. 电池（组）26.bean n. 豆；蚕豆27.behavio(u)r n. manner of acting 行为；举止28.beloved a. much loved; darling 深爱的；亲爱的29.beneficial 有益的；有帮助的30.blank a. 1. without writing, print or other marks 空白的，无表情的；茫然的31.bloody a. 血腥的，血污的32.bond 联结；联系2. 公债，债券3. 合约33.bound a准备到…去的2. very likely; certain 一定的；注定的34.breakdown崩溃；衰竭2. （关系、计划或讨论等的）中断35.campaign n. 战役，运动36.canvas 帆布画布，油画37.central a. 1. chief, main, of greatest importance 主要的，最重要的（位居）中心的38.claim索赔；宣称；声明；断言panion n. mate; one who associates with or accompanies another 同伴；伴侣plex 错综复杂的2. （词或句子）复合的，复杂的综合体；复合体；群落41.conflict 抵触；争论战争；战斗；冲突vi. (with) 冲突；抵触42.consolation prize安慰奖43.44.curriculum n. the program of study offered in a school, college, etc. 课程，大纲45.damage 损害；损失损害；损坏；毁坏46.departure n. 1. the act of leaving a place 离开；启程背离；违反47.destructive 破坏（性）的48.device n.. 策略；手段装置；设备49.disaster n. (a)sudden great misfortune 灾难，天灾；祸患50.disastrous a. extremely bad; terrible 灾难性的，糟透的51.discriminate 有差别地对待区别，辨别，区分52.discrimination n. 1. the practice of unfairly treating sb. or sth. 区别对待；歧视识别力；辨别力53.disqualify vt. 取消…的资格；使不适合；使不能54.distinguish 使出众2. recognize 辨别；区分55.distract vt. (from) take (one's mind, sb.) off sth. 转移（注意力）; 使转移注意力56.distrust v. lack trust in; mistrust 不信任；怀疑57.disturb vt. 1. break the peace or order of 扰乱；打扰使心神不安；使烦恼58.disturbance 打扰；扰乱2. sth. that disturbs 造成干扰的事物59.disturbing a. causing worry or fright 令人不安的；令人烦恼的60.downhill 走下坡路的（地）向坡下（的）：向下（的）61.eccentric怪人；偏心圆；【机】偏心器；【天】离心圈古怪的；异乎寻常的62.edit（为出版、广播等而）编辑，编选；剪辑2 主编；充任（报纸等的）编辑63.edition版本64.editorial a. of or done by an editor 编辑的，编者的65.editor校订者；（文字）编辑2. 编辑；主编66.eligible有资格的；合格的；具备条件的；合适的67.emotional （令人）情绪激动的感情（上）的；情绪（上）的68.emphasis强调；重点；重要性69.ensure vt. (esp. BrE) make (sth.) certain to happen 保证，担保70.entry n. 参赛一员2. entrance; the act of entering or the right to enter 进入；进入权71.equipment设备；装备72.escalate（使）逐步升级；（使）逐步加剧73.Excel v. (at) be the beat or better others (at sth.) 胜过他人74.exclaim （由于惊讶、痛苦、愤怒、高兴等而）叫嚷，叫喊75.exclude vt. keep out from a place or an activity 阻止…进入；把…排斥在外76.exclusion n. the act of excluding or fact of being excluded 拒绝；排斥77.exclusive a. (of) not taking into account；without；excluding 不算；不包括；把…排斥在外78.exclusively ad. only；and nothing/no one else 排斥其他地；专有地；单独地79.exhibit展览；表现；展出80.existence n. the state of existing 存在；实有81.expertise 专门知识（或技能、意见等），专长82.extreme 极端的；极度的；最大的末端的；尽头的n. 极端；极度（状态）83.factor因素，要素84.fascinate强烈地吸引；迷住85.fascinating a. having great attraction or charm 吸引人的；迷人的86.fierce a. 1. angry, violent and cruel 暴怒的；凶猛的；残酷的强烈的87.flop 失败（者）笨重地行动；沉重地落下88.foster a. 收养孩子的；寄养的vt. 收养；照料89.fury n. 1. a wildly excited state (of feeling or activity) 狂热；激烈狂怒90.gap差距；间隙；缺口；间隔91.glamo(u)r 魅力；迷人的力量92.glamo(u)rous 富有魅力的；令人向往的93.glow n. a feeling of warmth or pleasure 热烈发光94.grief悲哀95.grieve v. suffer from grief or great sadness （为…而）悲伤；伤心96.grind n美）［常贬义］用功的学生，书呆子vt. 磨；磨碎97.guilt n. 1. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has donewrong 内疚罪（行）98.haste n. quick movement or action 急忙，匆忙99.hastily 匆忙地；草率地；性急地100.haunt [常被动]（思想、回忆等）萦绕；缠扰；常去101.heartbreaking a. which causes great sorrow 令人悲痛的，令人心碎的102.heritage 继承物，遗产；传统103.heroism n. the quality of being a hero; great courage 大无畏精神；英勇104.hesitantly ad.犹豫不决地105.historian n. a person who studies history and/or writes about it 历史学家106.honor roll（美）光荣榜（指优秀学生名单、当地服兵役公民名单等）107.horrify vt. shock greatly；fill with horror 吓；使感惊骇108.horror（文学作品、电影等）意在引起恐怖的恐惧；震惊109.horsemanship n. the practice or skill of horse-riding 马术；骑术110.ill ad. 不恰当地；拙劣地不利地；恶劣地；冷酷无情地3. hardly 几乎不；困难地111.ill-chosen a. not well chosen 选择不恰当的112.imbue［常被动］灌输（某种强烈的情感或意见）113.immigrant n. a person who has come to live in a country from abroad 移民；侨民114.impulse（一时的）冲动2. 冲力；脉冲；神经冲动115.infinite a. extremely great in degree or amount; without limits or end 无限的；极大的116.ingredient n. 1. one of the essential parts of a situation 因素；要素2. 成分117.inherit继承（金钱、财产等）；经遗传获得（品质、身体特征等）118.initially最初；开始；起初119.inquire, enquire询问；查问120.inquiry, enquiry n. (into, about) an act of inquiring 询问；查问121.insight洞察力；了解；洞悉；领悟122.installation n. 1. 安装；设置2. 装置；设备123.joint venture n. 合资企业124.Joint 共享的；共有的；共同做的125.justification正当的理由；辩解的理由126.justify 证明…正当（或有理）127.kindergarten幼儿园bel vt 把…称为；把…列为2. 加标签于；用标签标明n. 标签129.loaf游荡，闲逛（一个）面包130.lord n. (in Britain) title of some officials of very high rank（英）大臣；大人，阁下131.loyal a. faithful 忠诚的，忠实的132.loyally忠诚地，忠实地133.magic n. 魔法，法术a. 有魔力的134.management管理层；管理部门2. 管理；经营135.mat 地席；席子2. 垫子136.menace n. a threat or danger 威胁137.minor a. 较少的，较小的138.minority少数民族；少数派少数139.misplace vt. 1. lose (sth.),usu. for only a limited time （暂时）丢弃把…放错地方140.mission n.［常指军事］任务，天职，使命141.motivate vt. [常被动] 激发…的积极性2. 使有动机142.motorcar n. a car 汽车143.multitude n. a large number of 大批；大量144.naivea. 1. too willing to believe or trust 轻信的幼稚的；天真的145.naturally可预期地，自然地天生地；天然地146.nervous breakdown 精神崩溃147.nonassertive谦虚的；不武断的148.obligation n. sth. that one must do out of a duty or promise 义务；责任149.obsess [常被动]使着迷150.obstacle151.odd a. 常用以构成复合词］…以上的；…出头的奇特的；古怪的奇数的，单数的152.offspring子女；后代153.orientation n. a direction or position 取向；方位；定位154.outstanding a. 杰出的；优秀的2. easily seen, important 显要的；重要的155.overcome ［常被动］（感情等）压倒，使受不了克服；战胜156.owe vt. (to) 1. have sth. (usually sth. good) because of 把…归功于欠157.owing a. (to) still to be paid 未付的，欠着的158.paralyse使瘫痪；使麻痹；使不能正常工作159.partner n. a person who shares (in the same activity) 合伙人；合作者；伙伴160.party n （条约、诉讼、争论等中的）一方，当事人161.pastime n. hobby；sth. done to pass time in a pleasant way 消遣，娱乐162.payroll工资表；在职人员名单163.peak 达到顶峰；达到最大值n. （山）峰；顶峰；尖顶164.personnel人事部门2. ［总称］职员165.philosophy n. 哲学166.plunge vi. (into, in) 1. rush suddenly and deeply into sth. 投身于纵身投入；一头扎入167.pose引起；假扮；造成（威胁、问题等）；产生168.positive a. 1. (of people) sure, having no doubt about sth. 无疑问的；确定的肯定的正面的169.practically 几乎，差不多实际上；从实际角度170.precaution n. 1. carefulness 防备，预防预防措施171.preclude vt. (fml.) (from) make impossible; prevent 妨碍，阻止；排除；防止172.predict预报；预言；预告173.prejudice歧视；偏见；成见174.prestige 声望；威望；威信175.primary a. 1. chief, main 主要的2. earliest in time or order of development 最初的176.priority优先；优先权；重点；优先事项177.privately ad. 1非公开地在涉及私（个）人方面；秘密地178.private私（个）人的；秘密的，非公开的179.probable a. likely 很可能发生的180.proclaim181.profitable有利（可图）的，有赢利的；有益的182.promising 有前途的；有希望的183.promotion 提升，晋级促销；宣传184.prompt vt. 促使；推动；激励迅速的；及时的185.prone a. (to) habitually likely to do sth. (usu. undesirable) 有…倾向的，易于…的186.properly适当地；正确地真正地187.propose 建议；提出提名，推荐188.prospective有望的；可能的；预期的；潜在的189.qualified 胜任的；合格的190.qualify （使）取得资格191.reaction n. response or change caused by the action of another 反应；感应192.recommendation n. 1. suggestion, piece of advice 建议2. 推荐信193.refuge n.避难（所）；庇护（所）194.refugee n.难民；流亡者195.rejection （遭到）拒绝；摒弃196.rely vi. 信任；信赖2. depend with full trust or confidence 依赖197.repay vt. reward；pay back 偿还；回报198.repetition 重复；反复199.represent 代表2. 象征；体现200.rescue 救助；救援vt. 救助；救援201.Resent vt. feel anger and dislike about sth. 对…表示愤恨202.retreat n. 1 隐居处，撤退；避难vi. 撤退；退避203.reverse discrimination 逆向歧视，反其道而行之的歧视204.revive （使）复苏；（使）重振活力恢复生机；复兴；重新流行205.risk 危险；风险使遭受危险；冒…的风险206.sacrifice n. loss or giving up of sth. of value, esp. for what is believed to bea good purpose 牺牲207.sage 圣贤；哲人208.savings n. money saved, esp. in a bank 积蓄；存款209.scholarship n. 1. 奖学金2. 学识；学术成就210.sensible 合情合理的；明白事理的2. (of) knowing；aware 知道的；意识到的211.series 系列；连接2. 丛书；广播（或电视）系列节目212.setting环境；背景；（戏剧、小说等的）情节背；级213.shield 保护；庇护n. 盾，盾牌214.sketch 素描，速写215.slash n. a long sweeping cut or blow 砍；挥击砍，砍击；猛挥216.span 持续时间2. 跨度；跨距217.sponsor赞助商；发起人；保证人；为慈善活动捐资的人218.stereotype n.固定形式，老套219.stock. 库存物；储备树桩；树干备货；储备220.succession （前后相接的）一系列，一连串；连续221.successive a. following each other closely 接连的，连续的，相继的222.surge vi. （如浪潮般）汹涌；奔腾n. （感情等的）洋溢或奔放223.surpass 超过；超越224.terrify vt. fill with terror or fear 恐吓，使惊吓225.terror 恐怖；引起恐怖的人（或物）226.the basic point 基本要点227.the bottom line228.therapy n. the treatment of mental or physical illness （心理或生理）疗法，治疗229.thrive繁荣；茁壮成长230.toe n. 脚趾；足尖231.toe shoe 芭蕾舞鞋232.transplant移植；移居233.tumble 摔下；跌倒；倒塌，坍塌234.ultimately最终；最后；归根结底；终究235.unaccustomed a. not used (to sth.); not usual （对某物）不习惯的；不寻常的236.unequipped 未配备所需物品的；无准备的237.unhealthy a. 有碍健康的体弱多病的，不结实的，不健康的238.vacation n. (esp. AmE) holiday 假期；休假239.vast a. 1. very large and wide 广阔的；广大的2. great in amount 大量的240.vastly ad. 1. very greatly 非常大地2. 广阔地241.victim n.牺牲者，受害者；牺牲品242.viewpoint. 观点；看法243.Vote 推选2. 投票选举（或制定、决定、赞成、支持、通过244.watercolo(u)r n. 水彩（颜料）；水彩画245.whereas 反之，然而246.wretched a. very unhappy or unfortunate 不幸的；可怜的角的第一单元Phrases and Expressionsoverwhelmed by 被……所困惑pay the priceexperience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc. 付出代价come to sb.'s rescuehelp sb. when he/she is in danger or difficulty 解救某人，救助某人chance uponmeet by chance; find by chance 偶然碰见；偶然发现try one's handattempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first time 尝试plunge intobegin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitation 突然或仓促地开始某事；突然冲入before one knows itbefore one has time to consider the course of events 转眼之间，瞬息之间fall uponattack fiercely 猛攻，猛扑take refugeseek protection from danger or unhappiness 避难rely ontrust, or confidently depend on 依赖，依靠fall from officelose a position of authority to which sb. was elected or appointed 离位，下台awaken tocause to become conscious of 使意识到bear fruitproduce successful results 结果实；有成果date fromhave existed since 始自keep sb. companystay with sb. so that he/she is not alone 陪伴某人第二单元Phrases and Expressionsmake it (to) (a place)succeed in getting (to) (a place) 成功抵达某地owe tohave (sth. good) because of 把…归功于…imbue with(use. pass.) fill (sb), with (sth.), esp. a strong feeling or opinion [常被动] 向…灌输…by contrastvery differently (from sth. previously mentioned)；on the other hand 对比之下get aheadbe successful in one's career 获得成功；出头have what it takes(infml.) have the qualifications necessary for success 具备取得成功的必要条件spring frombe a product or result of；originate from 发源于；来自can't wait (for sth.)be excited about and eager (for sth.) 迫不及待，等不及第三单元Phrases and Expressionsrun intounexpectedly begin to experience; meet by chance 意外遇到；偶然遇到a multitude of/multitudes ofa very large number of 许多，众多due tobecause of; caused by 由于，因为by namewith the name of 名叫get into the habit ofdevelop a regular way of doing (sth.) 养成…的习惯come to an end(of sth. which goes on for a while) finish, stop 结束；终了pick upacquire without effort 获得；学会be faced withbe confronted with 面临着（某种情况）at timessometimes; once in a while 有时；间或keep sb. on the payrollkeep sb. employed 使某人留任somehow or otherin one way or another 以某种方式go along withagree with; accept; support 同意；接受；支持the other way aroundin the opposite way 相反地；倒过来；以相反方式thanks toowing to, because of 幸亏；由于；因为smooth overmake (problems or difficulties) seem less serious and easier to deal with 缓和；减轻leave in sb.'s handsgive sb. the responsibility for dealing with sth.把…交某人管理第四单元Phrases and Expressionsplace/lay/put emphasis on/upongive sth. special force or attention to show that it is particularly important 强调；把重点放在，着重于in the long runafter enough time; in the end 从长远观点来看；终究a world ofa lot of 大量的，无数的be brilliant/best at sth.having or showing great skill at sth. 在某一方面极为出色at the cost of 以…为代价branch out 扩大（兴趣、活动、业务等的）范围count on/uponexpect; depend on 指望；料想；依靠turn down 拒绝（某人或其请求、忠告等）take stock 作出判断，进行评估第五单元Hold onto 抓住，坚持Get by （勉强）对付过去Take(time )off(from sth.) 暂时放下（学业、工作等）；休假Move into 搬入，搬迁Sign up for 签约从事Make (both ) ends meet 使收支相抵；勉强维持As of 自……起Stay up 不睡觉Throw oneself into 投身于；积极从事End up with 结果是，以……告终End up doing sth. 以……结束Make one’s dream come true 使梦想成真Work one’s way through school 靠做工挣钱完成学业Can(‘t) take sth. 能（不能）经受（困难、艰苦努力等）Get up down 被击败第六单元Far and wide 到处，广泛的Dream of 梦想，向往Specialize in 专门从事In use 在使用着的Fall apart 破碎，崩溃In a sense 从某种意义上说Be responsible for 是……的原因；对……负责Hang around (with) （在某处）闲荡；（和某人）厮混At once 同时，一起Struggle away with 努力做某事，艰难地做某事Having nothing to do with 与……无关Bother to do sth 费心去做某事Knock off 敲掉，击倒Work out 想出，得出Have one’s share of sth 享有其中一份，享有自己应得的一份Fit (right ) in （正）相合Mind over matter 精神战胜物质Turn out to be 最后是，结果是。
《21世纪大学英语读写教程》第二册课后答案及翻译
第一单元StructureVII.1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai, many foreign visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country.2. Unpleasantly startled by the appearance of a mouse, we promptly decided to clean our apartment.3. Tired of their own cooking, they’ve decided to go to a restaurant for a change.4. Frightened by the horror film, the little girl was alert to every sound in the house that night.5. Deeply disappointed with the actress’s performance, tom soon switched to another channel.6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m., when my friends came I pretended to be sick with a terrible headache. VIII.1. So I did2. So did my brother3. So she was4. So they do; so do his classmates5. So am IClozeIXlonely; overcame; refuge; finally; however; where; delighted; contemplated; entry; campaign; distract; plunged into; Within a month; rescue; when; overwhelming第二单元StructureVII.1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to help the victims rebuild their houses.2. ill you reconsider your decision? No one wants you to leave.3. Some of Lu Xun’s writings were lost for decades, but they were rediscovered in the mid-80s.4. I see no need to restate the policy on late homework.5. The library’s been rearranged, and I can’t find any of the books I need.6. I hope this dictionary will be reprinted soon—I’d like to buy one.7. Stevie Wonder’s earliest albums have been unavailable for several years, but they’re being re-released next month.8. I didn’t care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it when I reread it.9. John Harding is best known for reinterpreting Shakespeare’s plays.10. You’ve misunderstood me—let me rephrase what I said.VIII.A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder hike inspector steamer processorsupervise builder contributor consumer paint teenagerB. 1.superviser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener6. calculator7. commander8. container9. hiking 10. teenagersStructureIX1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we organized this volunteer group.2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come.3. It is his secretary who does all the work.4. It is through the act of giving that we experience our fullest strength and power.5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to California.6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place.7. It wasn’t until last week that they finished their report on the project.8. It’s her beautiful eyes that I can’t forget.X.1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to 130, 000 kg.2.The word ‘youngster’ has a cheerful connotation, whereas ‘offspring’ sounds rather clinical.3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches individual responsibility.4.The earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago, whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year ago.5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process, whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human behavior.6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.ClozeXIII1. immigrant2. than3. obligation4. motivated5. widespread6. however7. although8. discrimination9. but/although 10. One day11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe第三单元ClozeVIII.1. among2. conflicts3. made4. understanding5. since6. conscious of7. so8. run into9. with 10. crazy 11. that is12. since 13. That’s is 14. escalating 15. parties第四单元元StructureVII.1. a) their laughter and conversation sound as if they’re enjoying each others’ company.b) Their laughter and conversation sound as if they were in the same room with us.2. a) the secretary has been working in her office late every night this week, as if her boss is under serious deadline.b) The secretary has been staying in her office late every night this week, as if she had no home to go to.3. a) you’re so pale! You look as if you’re getting sick.b) You’re so pale! You look as if you had seen a ghost.4. a) he acts as if he has a very high opinion of himself.b) He acts as if he were the heir to the throne.ClozeVIII.1 prone2 in the long run3 preclude4 obsessed5 though6 distinguishing7 positive 8 beneficial 9 Even if 10 therapy第五单元StructureIX.1. If only you could say longer in Britain- your English might improve.2. children may enter the club only if they are accompanied by adults.3. if only you told me you had a spare ticket for the show.4. you can go to the sky-diving exhibition only if you promise you won’t try if yourself.5. the students at this university are allowed to take up part-time employment only if it doesn’t interfere with their studies.6. If only she hadn’t told my mother, everything would have been all right.X.1. having traveled a lot, he knows a great deal about other culture.2. having finished all her housework, she decided to see what was on TV.3. having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel.4. having forgotten his telephone number, she didn’t know how to get in touch with him.5. having cleaned the windows, he started to mop the floor.6. having taken the medicine you gave me, I feel much better.XI.1. Seeing so many people around her living in poverty2. Bringing up the subject at the meeting3. Looking back on the past4. Staying up late studying before an examination5. Working full-time and being a full-time student6. Living at home rent-freeClozeXIV.1. knowing2. out3. inquired4. stunned5. priority6. stunning7. available 8. As 9. up 10. make 11. on 12. get 13. ultimately 14. first 15. assume第六单元StructureVIII.1. Originally located in London, the museum was moved to Hertfordshire in 1946.2. Asked what his plan was for the coming year, the manager promised to further develop the domestic market.3. Composed in 1878, this symphony is based on a classical Chinese love story.4. Designed for visitors to touch or play with, many modern museum exhibits are at once entertaining and educational.5. Aided by technology, science helps mankind to gain increasing control over the environment.IX.1. A star scientist in more ways than one, Steven Hawking has achieved far more than most people ever dream of.2. An Italian mathematician and astronomer, Galileo was the first scientist to start using his eyes, both literally and figuratively.3. A figure of classroom fun, hawking spoke with a slight lisp inherited from father.4. A group of some forty students, the Poetry Society holds regular meetings where the members recite their poems.5. A fascinating combination of ancient and modern China, Beijing attracts huge numbers of tourists from around the world every year.ClozeXII.1. Accompanying2. Behind3. device4. pose5. awkward6. remaining7. out8. into9. by 10. ___ 11. govern 12. in 13. ___ 14. as if 15. ultimate 16. At last翻译Unit1l 老伴60多岁中风去世时，那位72岁的退休教授不胜悲痛。
21世纪 大学英语读写教程第二册Unit 1
Unit 1 Text A Winston Churchill –His other lifeI. Teaching Objectives1.Understand the audio materials of this unit.2.Grasp the key words, Phrases and structure.3.Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit: major event and then briefly outline what led up to it or how it happenedII. Teaching Content1.Lead-in activities2. Text Organization3. Skill learning in writing and reading4. Language points ( key words, phrases and difficult sentences)5. Grammar Focus (1.Past participial phrase used as adverbial 2.The adverb so used for emphasis and agreement)6. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work)III .Teaching Process1.Warm-up Questions / Activities:Activities:1). Ask Ss what they know about Winston Churchill and the two World wars--- they may say anything that pops into their minds;2). Put what they‟ve mentioned on the blackboard;3). Then provide the following text-related information (all or part) and ask them to take brief notes; and4). Check their comprehension with the following questions related to the information provided. Introduction remarks:What is it that makes someone great? Why do certain people go down in history as outstanding characters, admired by millions? Are heroes and heroines truly different from other people —more intelligent, more courageous, stronger and better? Or is their fame just a matter of chance? The article takes a closer and more personal look at Winston Churchill, the greatest figure from modern history: As you read the text, you‟l l consider the acts he was famous for; his strength of will, warm spirit and love of life; as well as the difficulties his personalities and his human nature —the “other side” of what made him special.Questions1).Who was Winston Churchill? What positions did he hold in the British government? (Winston Churchill was a British Conservative statement, orator, and writer noted for his leadership during World War Ⅱ.He held various positions in the government, including First Lord of the Admiralty and Prime Minster.)2).During World War Ⅰwhich countries were the main Allies, and which, the main Central Powers?(The main Allies were France, Russia, Britain, Italy and the US, while the main Central Powers, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey.)3).What was the direct cause for the Allies‟---Britain and France‟s ---declaration of war againstGermany that started World Ⅱ?(The direct cause was the German invasion of Poland on Sept 1, 1939)4).What happened to Winston Churchill as a result of the loss of the Dardanelles campaign in 1916?( He was removed from the Admiralty.)2.Text OrganizationThis passage can be divided into 5 parts:Part One: (Para1-3) Churchill began his love affair with painting amid disastrous circumstances. Part Two: (Para4-8) The process of Churchill‟s learning painting, which showed his gift for painting.Part Three: (Para9-10) The deaths of his mother and 3－year-old daughter gave him another great grief. It was painting that rescued him.Part Four: (Para11-12) Churchill achieved great success in painting.Part Five: (Para13) Conclusion: Painting brought joy, peace, and hope to Churchill.3. Skill learning in writing and reading1). major event and then briefly outline what led up to it or how it happened;2).personification4. Language Points1) love affair— romance between two people who love each other but who are not married to each other; great enthusiasm or liking (for sth.)e.g. The girl’s love affair with the 60-year-old man worries her parents..2) circumstances n. (pl.)—conditions of a situation which has an effect on what is done or on the way sth. is donee.g. In some circumstances it may be necessary for the manager to come here in person.3) overwhelm vt.—make (sb.) feel completely helpless, astonished, or embarrassed.e.g. At the age of forty, he was overwhelmed with work, illness and family problems.4）. come/go to the/one’s re scue— help sb. when they are in danger or difficultye.g. We were about to close down the business, but the bank came to our rescue.5）. chance upon/on— meet or discover unexpectedlye.g.She chanced upon some old love letters her husband kept in the back of the drawer.6）. try one’s hand (at/doing sth.)—try a new activity to test one‟s ability; make an inexperienced attempte.g.After she lost her job, she thought she’d try her hand at writing a novel.7）. plunge into1)push (sth.) suddenly and deeply into (sth.else)2)get involved in (sth.) suddenly, without thinking carefully or preparing for ite.g.•Heather plunged her hands deep into her pockets.•She plunged bravely into the debate.8）. before sb. know it— (informal) very quickly and suddenlye.g. At this time of the year, you could catch cold before you know it.9）. fall upon— attack suddenly and violentlye.g. Terrorists were falling upon men and women in the street.10）. overcome vt.— overpower or overwhelm in body or mindReceiving the prize in honour of her dead father, she was overcome with emotion.11）. take refuge in—find protection, help or relief in a place, person, action, etc.e.g.During the frequent air-raids people took refuge in their cellars.odd a.—(used after a number) with some extra; or soe.g.•twenty odd years ago •six hundred odd children•thirty-odd years12）. keep sb. companye.g.Don’t worry. I’ll keep you company until your husband comes back.5. Grammar Focus1)Past participial phrase used as adverbialExplain that a past participial phrase, usually that of transitive verb, can function as an adverbial modifying the main verb of the sentence to indicate cause, time, condition, concession, etc. For example:Overwhelmed by the disaster, he retired with his family to a country retreat in Surrey.Greatly interested, Ben‟s father began to ask him to play this computer game.2) The adverb so used for emphasis and agreementProcedures:A)Tell Ss that so can be used after a clause or statement, and before a subject and auxiliary verb,to express strong emphasis or agreement with that clause or statement. For example:I said I would come, and so I will.“ You’ve forgotten your hat”--- “Ah, yes, so I have”B)Compare this use with the use of so to me an …likely‟ or …also‟ in saying that something that hasjust been said about one person or thing is also true of another, usu. Followed by “auxiliary verb. + Subject” in the inverted word order. For example:His shoes are brightly polished; so is his suitcase.John buys his drinks at the local supermarket, so do lots of people.C) Do Structure Ex.Ⅷ attached to the text.6. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work)1) SummaryA. Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words.B. Talk about the main idea or theme of the text.2). ExercisesA. Comprehension of the text(During the period of preview or discussions in class).B. vocabulary (homework)C. Translation( on exercise-book)7. After-class AssignmentsPractice writing a paragraph that starts with a main event and goes on to describe what led up to it.Text B Little Sister of the PoorLanguage Points1.street people---people living in slums who, esp. during the summer, spend much of their timesitting on building steps, standing on the sidewalk talking, or visiting neighbors and local stores; the local people of a crowded neighborhood.2.By blood and origin I am Albanian---I come from an Albanian family.3.minister to ---give help to or care for (people, esp. ill people)e.g She had spend her life ministering to the needs of her husband.4.And to that end, she gathtered a small group of nuns around her.---and for that goal, shecalled together a small group of nuns to work with her.5.signature service--- typical or characteristic service.6.give way to ---make concession to; yield toe.g The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee gave to his opinion.7.skip the usual lavish dinner--- do not hold the extravagant dinner that is usually given.8.Mother Tersa lit a path to saintliness and invited others to follow it.--- Mother Teresaopened the way to holy business ( of taking care of the poor and the disabled) and set an example that made other people to follow.invite--- tempt; attract.e.g If you don‟t maintain the car regularly, you are just inviting trouble.His proposal invited great interest.。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册第2单元内容详解
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册第2单元内容详解21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册第2单元内容详解英语读写是为高等院校英语专业一至三年级学生编写的基础英语教材，旨在巩固和提高学生的语言基础，特别是阅读和写作的能力。
下面是小编给大家带来21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册第2单元内容详解，希望能帮到大家！在听磁带之前，请快速查看以下空白以准备好自己聆听数字。
当你第一次听这段话时，用你听到的单词填写那些空白。
Pre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningBefore listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following blanks to prepare yourself to listen for the figures.1. As you listen to the passage the first time, fill these blanks with the words you hear:Asians and Asian Americans make up only _____ of the US population, but they come up to ____ of the undergraduates at Harvard, _____ at MIT, ______ at Yale and _____ at Berkeley.Second ListeningRead the following words first to prepare yourself to answer them to the best of your ability.Talent effort money concentration ambition intelligence pressure sacrifice discrimination tradition2. Why are these statistics "amazing"? And what do you think the explanation is?Why They ExcelFox ButterfieldKim-Chi Trinh was just nine when her father used his savings to buy a passage for her on a fishing boat that would carry her from Vietnam. It was a heartbreaking and costly sacrifice for thefamily, placing Kim-Chi on the small boat, among strangers, in hopes that she would eventually reach the United States, where she would get a good education and enjoy a better life.It was a hard journey for the little girl, and full of risks. Long before the boat reached safety, the supplies of food and water ran out. When Kim-Chi finally made it to the US, she had to cope with a succession of three foster families. But when she graduated from San Diego's Patrick Henry High School in 1988, she had straight A's and scholarship offers from some of the most prestigious universities in the country."I have to do well," says the 19-year-old, now a second-year student at Cornell University. "I owe it to my parents in Vietnam."Kim-Chi is part of a wave of bright, highly - motivated Asian - Americans who are suddenly surging into our best colleges. Although Asian - Americans make up only 2.4 percent of the nation's population, they constitute 17.1 percent of the undergraduates at Harvard, 18 percent at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 27.3 percent at the University of California at Berkeley.Why are Asian - Americans doing so well? Are they grinds, as some stereotypes suggest? Do they have higher IQs? Or can we learn a lesson from them about values we have long treasured but may have misplaced —like hard work, the family and education?Not all Asians are doing equally well; poorly - educated Cambodian refugee children, for instance, often need special help. And many Asian - Americans resent being labeled a "model minority," feeling that this is reverse discrimination by white Americans —a contrast to the laws that excluded most Asian immigrants from the US until 1965, but prejudice nevertheless.The young Asians' achievements have led to a series of fascinating studies. Perhaps the most disturbing results come from the research carried out by a University of Michigan psychologist, Harold W. Stevenson, who has compared more than 7,000 students in kindergarten, first grade, third grade and fifth grade in Chicago and Minneapolis with counterparts in Beijing, Taipei and Sendai. On a battery of math tests, the Americans did worst at all grade levels.Stevenson found no differences in IQ. But if the differences in performance are showing up in kindergarten, it suggests something is happening in the family, even before the children get to school.It is here that various researchers' different studies converge: Asian parents are motivating their children better. "The bottom line is, Asian kids work hard," Stevenson says.The real question, then, is how Asian parents imbue their offspring with this kind of motivation. Stevenson's study suggests a critical answer. When asked why they think their children do well, most Asian parents said "hard work." By contrast, American parents said "talent.""From what I can see," criticizes Stevenson, "we've lost our faith in the idea that we can all get ahead in life through hard work. Instead, Americans now believe that some kids have what it takes and some don't. So we start dividing up classes into‘fast l earners’and‘slow learners’, whereas the Chinese and Japanese feel all children can succeed in the same curriculum."This belief in hard work is the first of three main factors contributing to Asian students' outstanding performance. It springs from Asians' common heritage of Confucianism, the philosophy of the 5th-century-BC Chinese sage whose teachingshave had a profound influence on Chinese society. One of Confucius's primary teachings is that through effort, people can perfect themselves.Confucianism provides another important ingredient in the Asians' success as well. In Confucian philosophy, the family plays a central role — an orientation that leads people to work for the honor of the family, not just for themselves. One can never repay one's parents, and there's a sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force among Asians as Protestant philosophy is in the West.There's yet another major factor in this bond between Asian parents and their children. During the 15 years I lived in China, Japan, and Vietnam, I noticed that Asian parents establish a closer physical tie to their infants than most parents in the United States. When I let my baby daughter crawl on the floor, for example, my Chinese friends were horrified and rushed to pick her up. We think this constant attention is old-fashioned or even unhealthy, but for Asians, it's highly effective.Can we learn anything from the Asians? "I'm not naive enough to think everything in Asia can be transplanted," says Stevenson. But he offered three recommendations."To start with," he says, "we need to set higher standards for our kids. We wouldn't expect them to become professional athletes without practicing hard."Second, American parents need to become more committed to their children's education, he declares. "Being understanding when a child doesn't do well isn't enough." Stevenson found that Asian parents spend more time helping their children with homework or writing to their teachers than American parents do.And, third, our schools could be reorganized in simple buteffective ways, says Stevenson. Nearly 90 percent of Chinese youngsters say they actually enjoy school, and 60 percent can't wait for school vacations to end. This is a vastly more positive attitude than youngsters in The US express. One reason may be that students in China and Japan typically have a break after each class, helping them to relax and to increase their attention spans."I don't think Asians are any smarter," says Don Lee, an Asian-American student at Berkeley. "There are brilliant Americans in my chemistry class. But the Asian students work harder. I see a lot of wasted potential among the Americans."New Wordsexcelv. (at) be the beat or better others (at sth.) 胜过他人savingsn. money saved, esp. in a bank 积蓄;存款heartbreakinga. which causes great sorrow 令人悲痛的，令人心碎的costlya. expensive, costing a lot of money 代价高昂的;昂贵的sacrificen. loss or giving up of sth. of value, esp. for what is believed to be a good purpose 牺牲vt. 牺牲riskn. (of) a danger;sth. that might have undesirable results 危险;风险vt. place in a dangerous situation 使遭受危险;冒…的风险copevi. (with) deal successfully (with a difficult situation) (妥善地)应付或处理successionn. a series or the act of following one after the other (前后相接的)一系列，一连串;连续successivea. following each other closely 接连的，连续的，相继的*fostera. 收养孩子的;寄养的vt. 收养;照料scholarshipn. 1. 奖学金2. 学识;学术成就owevt. (to) 1. have sth. (usually sth. good) because of 把…归功于2. have to pay, for sth. already done or given 欠owinga. (to) still to be paid 未付的，欠着的motivatevt. (often pass.) 1. provide (sb.) with a (strong) need, purpose or reason for doing sth. [常被动] 激发…的积极性2. 使有动机*surgevi. move, esp. forward, in or like powerful waves (如浪潮般) 汹涌;奔腾n. (感情等的)洋溢或奔放constitutevt. 1. form or make up 形成;构成2. formally establish or appoint 组建;选派constitutionn. 1. the act of establishing, making, or setting up;constituting 制定;设立;组成2. (often cap.) [常大写] 宪法;法规;章程*constitutionala. allowed or limited by a political constitution 宪法规定的;合乎宪法的grindn. (AmE, often derog.) a student who is always working (美)[常贬义]用功的学生，书呆子vt. 磨;磨碎*stereotypen. a fixed pattern which is believed to represent a type of person or event 固定形式，老套misplacevt. 1. lose (sth.),usu. for only a limited time (暂时)丢弃2. put in an unsuitable or wrong place 把…放错地方refugeen. sb. who has been forced to leave their country for political reason or during a war 难民;流亡者*resentvt. feel anger and dislike about sth. 对…表示愤恨labelvt. 1. describe as belonging to a particular kind or class 把…称为;把…列为2. 加标签于;用标签标明n. 标签minorityn. 1. a small part of a population which is different from others in race, religion, etc. 少数民族;少数派2. the small number or part;less than half 少数minora. 较少的，较小的*discriminationn. 1. the practice of unfairly treating sb. or sth. 区别对待;歧视2. the ability to recognize the difference between two things 识别力;辨别力reverse discriminationthe making of distinctions in favour of groups considered disadvantaged or underprivileged 逆向歧视，反其道而行之的歧视*discriminatev. 1. (against, in favor of) unfairly treat one person or group worse or better than others 有差别地对待2. see or make a difference between things or people 区别，辨别，区分contrastn. (to, with) a strong difference between two people, objects or situations 对比;对照v. examine (two things) in order to find or show differences 对比;对照excludevt. keep out from a place or an activity 阻止…进入;把…排斥在外exclusionn. the act of excluding or fact of being excluded 拒绝;排斥exclusivea. (of) not taking into account;without;excluding 不算;不包括;把…排斥在外exclusivelyad. only;and nothing/no one else 排斥其他地;专有地;单独地immigrantn. a person who has come to live in a country from abroad 移民;侨民prejudicen. unfair and usually unfavorable feeling or opinion about a group—e.g.a nationality or race 歧视;偏见;成见seriesn. 1. (of) a set or group of things of the same kind or related in some way, coming one after another or in order 系列;连接2. 丛书;广播(或电视)系列节目fascinatinga. having great attraction or charm 吸引人的;迷人的*fascinatevt. (with) charm powerfully;be very interesting to 强烈地吸引;迷住disturbinga. causing worry or fright 令人不安的;令人烦恼的disturbvt. 1. break the peace or order of 扰乱;打扰2. cause to become anxious or upset 使心神不安;使烦恼*disturbancen. 1. an act of disturbing or the state of being disturbed 打扰;扰乱2. sth. that disturbs 造成干扰的事物kindergartenn. a school or class for young children, usu. between the ages of four and six 幼儿园*counterpartn. a person or thing that has the same purpose or does the same job as another in a different system 对应的人(或物);对手(方) batteryn. 1. (of) a set or number of things of the same kind occurring in rapid succession 一组;一系列2. 电池(组)*convergevi. (of two or more things) come together towards the same point (在一点上)会合;集中the bottom linethe basic point 基本要点imbuev. (with)(usu. pass.) to fill with (sth., often a strong feeling or opinion) [常被动]灌输(某种强烈的情感或意见)*offspringn. a child or children from particular parents 子女;后代criticala. 1. providing a careful judgment of the good and bad qualities of sth. 判断(或评价)审慎的2. 批判的3. 关键的criticize (-cise)v. 1. make judgments about the good or bad points of 评论2. judge with disapproval;point out the faults of 批评;指责criticismn. unfavorable judgment or expression of disapproval 批评;指责curriculumn. the program of study offered in a school, college, etc. 课程，大纲factorn. any of the facts, conditions, influences, etc. that act with others to bring about a result 因素，要素outstandinga. 1. better than others, very good 杰出的;优秀的2. easily seen, important 显要的;重要的*heritagen. a tradition, custom, or quality which is passed down over many years within a family, social group, or nation and which is thought of as belonging to all its members 继承物，遗产;传统philosophyn. 哲学sagen. sb., esp. an old man or historical person, known for his wisdom and long experience 圣贤;哲人primarya. 1. chief, main 主要的2. earliest in time or order of development 最初的ingredientn. 1. one of the essential parts of a situation 因素;要素2. 成分centrala. 1. chief, main, of greatest importance 主要的，最重要的2. being (at, in, or near) the center (位居)中心的*orientationn. a direction or position 取向;方位;定位*repayvt. reward;pay back 偿还;回报obligationn. sth. that one must do out of a duty or promise 义务;责任guiltn. 1. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has done wrong 内疚2. the fact of having broken a moral rule or official law 罪(行)bondn. 1. sth. that unites two or more people, or groups, such asa shared feeling or interest 联结;联系2. 公债，债券3. 合约crawlvi. & n. 爬(行)horrifyvt. shock greatly;fill with horror 吓;使感惊骇unhealthya. 1. likely to cause illness or poor health 有碍健康的2. not very strong or well, often ill 体弱多病的，不结实的，不健康的*naivea. 1. too willing to believe or trust 轻信的2. without experience (as of social rules or behaviour), esp. because one is young 幼稚的;天真的*transplantvt. move sth. from one place and plant, settle or establish elsewhere 移植;移居recommendationn. 1. suggestion, piece of advice 建议2. 推荐信vacationn. (esp. AmE) holiday 假期;休假vastlyad. 1. very greatly 非常大地2. 广阔地vasta. 1. very large and wide 广阔的;广大的2. great in amount 大量的positivea. 1. (of people) sure, having no doubt about sth. 无疑问的;确定的2. certain, beyond any doubt 肯定的3. (of a statement) direct 正面的spann. 1. the length of time over which a stated thing continues or works well 持续时间2. 跨度;跨距attention spana length of time over which one can concentrate 注意力的持续时间Phrases and Expressionsmake it (to) (a place)succeed in getting (to) (a place) 成功抵达某地owe tohave (sth. good) because of 把…归功于…imbue with(use. pass.) fill (sb), with (sth.), esp. a strong feeling or opinion [常被动] 向…灌输…by contrastvery differently (from sth. previously mentioned);on the other hand 对比之下get aheadbe successful in one's career 获得成功;出头have what it takes(infml.) have the qualifications necessary for success 具备取得成功的必要条件spring frombe a product or result of;originate from 发源于;来自can't wait (for sth.)be excited about and eager (for sth.) 迫不及待，等不及Proper NamesFox Butterfield富克斯·巴特菲尔德Trinh Kim-Chi郑金枝(越南人名)Vietnamn. 越南San Diego圣地亚哥(美国港市，位于加利福尼亚州南部)Patrick Henry High School帕特里克·亨利中学Cornell University康奈尔大学(美国纽约州一大学)Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)(美国)马萨诸塞州理工学院(或译麻省理工学院)IQintelligence quotient 智商Cambodiana. 柬埔寨的University of Michigan(美国)密歇根大学Harold W. Stevenson哈罗德·W·斯蒂文森Minneapolis明尼阿波利斯 (美国明尼苏达州东南部城市)Taipei台北(台湾省)Sendai仙台(日本本州岛东北岸港市)Confucianismn. 孔子学说，儒学Confucius孔子Confuciann. & a. 孔子(的`);儒学(的);孔子信徒;儒士Protestantn. & a. 新教徒;新教(教徒)的Lee Don李·唐全新版大学英语综合教程The features of Illinois are not striking; they do not leap to the eye but lie flat and at first appear monotonous. The roads are wide, hard, perfect, sometimes of a shallow depth in the far distance but so nearly level as to make you feel that the earth really is flat. From east and west, travelers dart across these prairies into the huge horizons and through cornfields that go on forever; giant skies, giant clouds, an eternal nearly featureless sameness. You find it hard to travel slowly. The endless miles pressed flat by the ancient glacier seduce you into speeding. As the car eats into the distances you begin gradually to feel that you are riding upon the floor of the continent, the very bottom of it, low and flat, and an impatient spirit of movement, of overtaking and urgency passes into your heart.伊利诺伊的地貌平平常常，没有引人注目之处。
21世纪 大学英语读写教程第二册Unit 2
Unit 2 Text A Why They ExcelI. Teaching Objectives1.Understand the audio materials of this unit.2.Grasp the key words, Phrases and structure.3.Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.phenomenon----- causes-------- suggestions.II. Teaching Content1.Lead-in activities2. Text Organization3. Skill learning in writing and reading4. Language points ( key words, phrases and difficult sentences)5. Grammar Focus (The emphatic form It be---that/ who---)6. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work)III Teaching Process1. Warm-up Questions / Activities:Activities:1) ask Ss if they know about successful Chinese Americans in the United States and name some of them, and the teacher shall put the names on board;2). Ss briefly tell about their achievements, for example, Yang Chen Ning, Lee Tsung Dao ( Li Zheng-dao), I.M.Pei( Bei Yu-ming), Wang An, Zhao Xiao-lan, etc.3)Ss explain why they are successful; and sum up the discussion and introduction the text. Introduction remarks:There are quite a few successful Chinese Americans in the United States. They excel in fields like Physics, Architecture, Computer, Politics and so on. Arouse the students’ interest by asking them whom they know about.Questions:1).What do you know about some successful Chinese Americans in the United States?Name some of them.2).What are prestigious universities in the USA?2.Text OrganizationThis passage can be divided into 3parts:Part1 (1-4) A phenoninon drawn from a storyPart2 (5-14) Why Asian Americans doing so well?(1 experiment and 3 factors)Part3 (15-19) What can we learn from them? (3 recommendations)3. Skill learning in writing and readinga useful structure for an argumentary writing: phenomenon----- causes-------- suggestions.4. Language Points:1) passage n.— (cost of a ticket for) a journey by ship or plane from one place to anothere.g.He is too poor to afford a passage home.2) make it (to somewhere)— succeed in getting somewhere usu. in time to do sth., o r in doing sth.,or getting sth. wantede.g. Despite the heavy rain, she made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane.3) cope with— manage successfully; be able to deal with (sth. difficult, unpleasant, etc.)e.g. cope with the water shortage/ his rival / the budget deficit4) owe … to— have (sth. good) because of (sth./sb.)e.g.I owe it to my friends that I have been able to finish this work.5) a wave of— an unusually large number ofe.g. a wave of new comers/ buying/ terrorism6) label v.— put into a particular kind or class; describe ase.g. His neighbors labeled him a thief.7) counterpart n.— a person or thing that has a similar function or position in another place or organizatione.g.the Foreign Minister and his French counterpart8) converge vi.— (tend to) become similar or identicale.g.Our previously opposed views are beginning to converge.9) bottom line— the deciding or crucial factor; the essential pointe.g. The bottom line is that we need another ten thousand dollars to complete the project.10) imbue with—fill … with …(a kind of idea, feeling, etc.)e.g. She tries to imbue her husband with a sense of responsibility.11) have what it takes— have the right qualities or skills required for successe.g.I don’t think Rebecca has what it takes to be a ballet dancer.12) whereas conj.— while at the same time; while on the contrarye.g. T he elephant weighs about 3,600 kg. The blue whale weighs up to 130,000 kg. =Whereas the elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, the blue whale weighs up to 130,000 kg.13) spring from—result from; have one’s origin ine.g. Her doubts spring from too much experience of failure.14) tie n.— a connection, relationship, or feeling that links a person with another person, a place, etc.Eg. I no longer feel any ties with my hometown.15)can’t wait for sth./ to do sth. — be very excited about sth. and eager for sth./ to do sth.e.g. He couldn’t wait to tell the good news to his parents.16) span —the length of time between two dates or events or during which sth. exists or functionse.g. life span; memory span; span of knowledge17) potential a. & n.— the inherent ability or capacity for growth, development, or coming intobeinge.g. industrial potential; acting potential; potential customer; potential resources5.Grammar Focus:Drill The emphatic form It be---that/ who---Procedures:1). Explain to Ss that the emphatic form can be used to place emphasis on the subject, object or adverbial, but not on the verb predicate of a sentence. If the subject is a person, either “that” or “who” can be used, for example:Mary got a very beautiful birthday present from her aunt.It was Mary that/ who got a very beautiful birthday present from her aunt.It was a very beautiful birthday present that Mary got from her aunt.It was from her aunt that Mary got a very beautiful birthday present.2). Ask Ss to drill in pairs6. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work)1) SummaryA. Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words.B. Talk about the main idea or theme of the text.2). ExercisesA. Comprehension of the text(During the period of preview or discussions in class).B. vocabulary (homework)C. Translation( on exercise-book)7. After-class AssignmentsWe have learned “listing” writing skill in Para.12-14 and 15-18. Try to write a list paragraph of your own, using similar organization markers as in the reading passageText B Methods of Education: East and West Language Points1.An art lesson in a Canadian school would lead to a room full of unique pictures, not aseries of identical cats. ---A lesson on painting in a Canadian school would make a classroom of children produce pictures that are entirely different from one another instead of a great number of cats that look the same.2.the instructor teaches more than just art or history or languge--- the teacher teaches notonly art or history or language, but also other things.3.part of what’s going on---one of the things that is being taught.4.Every education system is inevitably a mirror that reflects the culture of the society it isa part of. ---The education system of any socity certainly reflects the culture of that society,and it is a component part of that society.5. a source of knowledge---a person or thing that supplies knowledge.6.The system is demanding,…---The education system in Japan demands a lot of efforts,…7.For one thing…, for another…---“ For one thing “ is used to introduce a reason and isusually followed by “ for another”, meaning “ one reason is… and another is…”e.g The house was poorly b uilt; for one thing the roof leaked, for another it doesn’t let inenough light.8. And many social critics attubute the high crime rate in the U.S at least partially to a lack of displine in the schools. --- And many social critics consider that the high crim rate in the US is at least partly due to children’s lack of discipline in the schools.。
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1.absolutely ad. completely；without conditions 完全地；绝对地
2.abundance n. a great quantity; plenty 丰富；充裕；大量
3.abundant a. plentiful; more than enough 丰富的；充足的
4.accompany陪同；陪伴和…一起发生（存在）
5.accountant n. 会计师
6.accustomed a. regular; usual 惯常的，通常的
7.acute 剧烈的，激烈的；深切的（思想或感官）敏锐的；灵敏的3. 尖的，锐的；成锐
8.admiralty n.（英）海军部
9.afford vt. 买得起担负得起（损失、费用、后果等）
10.alarm vt. excite with sudden fear or anxiety 使惊恐；使忧虑惊恐；忧虑警报
11.alas int. a cry expressing grief, sorrow or fear 唉（表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等）
12.alike同样地；相似地；以同样程度想像的，同样的
13.amateur 业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等）
14.amid prep.in the middle of, among 在…之中
15.anonymous a.名字不详的；匿名的
16.apparent显然的，明明白白的表面上的
17.apply应用；实施（尤指以书面形式）申请；请求
18.approve . (of) agree (officially) to 同意，批准
19.artistic a. 1. of. concerning art or artists 艺术的；艺术家的富有艺术性的
20.attention span a length of time over which one can concentrate 注意力的持续时间
21.awaken vt. 1. (to) cause to become conscious of 使意识到唤醒
22.bachelor n. an unmarried man 未婚男子；单身汉
23.ballet n. 芭蕾舞（剧）
24.barren. (of land) unproductive （土地等）贫瘠的，荒芜的
25.battery n. 2. 电池（组）
26.bean n. 豆；蚕豆
27.behavio(u)r n. manner of acting 行为；举止
28.beloved a. much loved; darling 深爱的；亲爱的
29.beneficial 有益的；有帮助的
30.blank a. 1. without writing, print or other marks 空白的，无表情的；茫然的
31.bloody a. 血腥的，血污的
32.bond 联结；联系2. 公债，债券3. 合约
33.bound a准备到…去的2. very likely; certain 一定的；注定的
34.breakdown崩溃；衰竭2. （关系、计划或讨论等的）中断
35.campaign n. 战役，运动
36.canvas 帆布画布，油画
37.central a. 1. chief, main, of greatest importance 主要的，最重要的（位居）中心的
38.claim索赔；宣称；声明；断言
panion n. mate; one who associates with or accompanies another 同伴；伴侣
plex 错综复杂的2. （词或句子）复合的，复杂的综合体；复合体；群落
41.conflict 抵触；争论战争；战斗；冲突vi. (with) 冲突；抵触
42.consolation prize安慰奖
43.consolation安慰；慰问
44.constitute vt. 1. form or make up 形成；构成组建；选派。