SENSOLOGY MEASUREMENTS OF PLIF FROM OH AND FORMALDEHYDE

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人的味觉敏感性测定方法研究进展

邱慧敏，廉嘉欣，程巧芬，等. 人的味觉敏感性测定方法研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技，2022，43（15）：401−408. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021070356QIU Huimin, LIAN Jiaxin, CHENG Qiaofen, et al. Research Progress of Methods for Measuring Human Taste Sensitivity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(15): 401−408. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021070356· 专题综述 ·人的味觉敏感性测定方法研究进展邱慧敏1，廉嘉欣1，程巧芬2，许行新1，侯　帅1，陈　军1，赵　立1, *（1.淮阴工学院生命科学与食品工程学院，江苏淮安 223003；2.英国雷丁大学食品与营养科学系，英国雷丁 RG6 6DZ ）摘　要：味觉感知是决定人们摄食的一个重要因素。

了解味觉敏感性与食物消费行为之间的关系是解决饮食性健康问题中最具创新性的策略之一，而测量人类受试者的味觉敏感性是建立这种关系的关键。

本文从味觉敏感性测定的工作原理、操作过程及应用等方面，综述了包括心理物理测定法、生物电位测定法、菌状乳头计数法和基因分型法等国内外关于人的味觉敏感性测定的方法。

心理物理测定法操作简单、容易实现，但主观性和误差较大；生物电位测定法减少了主观误差，但在测定过程中需要受试者一直保持相对静止状态，否则会影响电极稳定性；菌状乳头计数法和基因分型法需要与其他方法并用，此外，基因分型法所需技术含量和成本较高。

通过对以上方法的分析和评价，为选择不同的味觉敏感性测定方法提供理论依据和指导。

Measurement method and probe based on the use of a

专利名称：Measurement method and probe based onthe use of a thermocouple发明人：CREFF, RENE FRANCOIS MARIE,ANDRE,PATRICK MARIE PIERREJACQUES,HOSTACHE, GABRIEL-BENOIT申请号：EP86400017.9申请日：19860107公开号：EP0187723A2公开日：19860716专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：The sensitive element (1) is heated by an alternating current from an alternating voltage supply (10). Since one of the physical properties of the surrounding medium (4) is known beforehand, the sensitive element (1) placed in contact with the surroundingmedium reaches an equilibrium temperature related to the conductivity, the flow rate or any other properties of the surrounding medium (4), so that an electromotive forcecreated by the Peltier effect appears at its terminals. A signal is tapped from the terminals of the sensitive element (1). This signal is then filtered by a processing circuit (11) and amplified by an amplifier (12). It is then applied, for example, to a voltmeter (13), which enables one of the physical properties of the said medium to be determined by measuring the emf created by the Peltier effect.申请人：UNIVERSITE D'ORLEANS地址：Château de la Source F-45067 Orleans Cédex 2 FR国籍：FR代理机构：Polus, Camille更多信息请下载全文后查看。

光学表面等离子共振生物传感检测系统检测雌二醇的研究

作者简介：文松，９９年生，，南周口人，士研究生，要从事智能化检测技术及仪器研究．魏１８男河硕主通讯作者：建东，９５年生，，西新余人，授，士．胡１６男江教博
２４９
限公司研制 ¨ …．
运、合、性反应、谢、解或产生类似生物体结活代消
自身激素样的作用，生物体维持自身内环境的动对态平衡、殖、长及行为产生不利的影响，繁生它有明
１２光学ＳＲ检测环境雌激素中雌二醇的原理．Ｐ光学表面等离子共振（Ｐ生物传感器检测ＳＲ）
ＷＥＩＷｅ — ｏｇｎｓｎ，ＭＵｉｉｇＬｎｙｎ，ＬＩＨｕ．ｎｉｑｉ，ＷＡＮＧｈ，ＬＩＨｏｇｗｅ。Ｓｕｎｎ．ｉ
，
ＨＯＵＪｎｂＩＮＧＭｉｉ．ｏ，Ｊ？ｎ，ＨＵＪａ．ｏｇ￣ｉｎｄｎ
二氢钠、去离子水．所有试剂均为分析纯．
点．境雌激素是进入动物体后，有干扰体内正环具常内分泌物质的合成、释放、运输、合、谢等过结代
程，活或抑制内分泌系统的功能，而破坏维持激从
ｐｒｔｄｗｉｏｏｌｃｒｃｃｎｅｓｏａｄａｄａＵＳｉｔｒａｅｂａｄ．ＩｈｉｔｄｏａｅｔａｐｈｔｅｅｔｉｏｖｒｉｎｂｏｒｎＢｎｅｆｃｏｒｈｎｔｓｓｕｙ，ｔｅａｔｇｎｅ — ｈｎｉｅ — ｓｔａｉｌｗａｍｍｏｉｚｄｔｈｕｆｃｆｔｉｓｎｏｈｐ，ｔｅｈｎｉｅ — ｓｒｄｏａｌｓａ５，ｒｄｏｓｉｂｌｅｏｔｅｓｒａｅｏｈｅｂｏｅｓｒｃｉｉｈｎｔｅａｔｇｎｅｔａｉｌｓｍｐｅｔ２５０，１０，２０ｍｇ。Ｌ— ｗｅｅｒｓｅｔｅｙａｄｄｉｔｈｔｎａｄｓｌｔｏｆａｔｂｄ — ｓｒｄｏｏｒ — ００ｒｅｐｃｉｌｄｅｎｏｔｅｓａｄｒｏｕｉｎｏｎｉｏｙｅｔａｉｌｆｒｐｅｖ

Approaches for Molecular Sensors Design

Approaches for Molecular SensorsDesignMolecular sensors are essential tools for detecting and quantifying select moleculesin various samples using biological and chemical events. The design of molecular sensors is a crucial step in ensuring their specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Effective sensor design requires an understanding of the biological and chemical interactions involved in signal transduction, as well as the design requirements and constraints for the sensor's application. In this article, we explore some of the approaches used for molecular sensor design.1. Rational DesignRational design is a strategy that focuses on exploiting known molecular interactions and structural features to design a sensor that can detect a specific target molecule, or class of targets. This design approach involves studying the structure and function of the target molecule, identifying the key features that allow it to bind selectively to the sensor, and creating a sensor that mimics these features. Rational design is particularly useful when the target molecule has a well-established structure, and when the chemical and biological properties of the target molecule are well-defined. Examples of rational design approaches include the design of aptamer-based sensors and the design of synthetic receptors.2. High-Throughput ScreeningHigh-throughput screening (HTS) is a strategy that uses combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput techniques to identify molecular structures that can interact with a specific target molecule. This is accomplished by screening a large number of potential sensor molecules in parallel, using high-throughput techniques such as microarrays or combinatorial libraries. HTS is particularly useful when the target molecule is not well-defined or when the chemical or biological properties of the target molecule are unknown.Examples of high-throughput screening approaches include phage display and chemical library screening.3. Directed EvolutionDirected evolution is a strategy that involves creating a large population of sensor molecules, then subjecting the population to selective pressure to screen for molecules that can interact with a specific target molecule. This approach is based on the principles of evolution, with sensor molecules that exhibit the desired interaction with the target molecule being selected and amplified while those that do not interact are eliminated. Directed evolution is an effective approach when the target molecule is complex or when the desired interaction is unknown. Examples of directed evolution approaches include selection-based methods, such as SELEX and surface display methods.4. Rational-Combinatorial DesignRational-combinatorial design is a hybrid approach that combines aspects of rational design and high-throughput screening. This approach involves designing a sensor molecule based on known interactions and structural features, then using high-throughput techniques to screen a combinatorial library of sensor molecules for the desired interaction. Rational-combinatorial design is effective when the target molecule has both well-defined structure and unknown chemical or biological properties. Examples of rational-combinatorial design approaches include the design of molecularly imprinted polymers and the design of DNA-encoded libraries.In summary, the design of molecular sensors requires the use of various approaches and strategies, based on the nature of the target molecule and the specific application of the sensor. Rational design, high-throughput screening, directed evolution, and rational-combinatorial design are all valuable design approaches for molecular sensors. By understanding these approaches, researchers can develop effective molecular sensors with high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy.。

Purification and characterization of antioxidative peptides from round

Puriﬁcation and characterization of antioxidative peptides from round scad (Decapterus maruadsi )muscle proteinhydrolysateHaiping Jiang a ,c ,Tianzhe Tong b ,Jianhua Sun a ,Yuanjin Xu a ,Zhongxing Zhao a ,Dankui Liao a ,c ,⇑aSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,ChinabSchool of Chemistry and Materials Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Anhui 230026,China cGuangxi Key Lab of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensiﬁcation Technology,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,Chinaa r t i c l e i n f o Article history:Received 18July 2013Received in revised form 22November 2013Accepted 18December 2013Available online 28December 2013Keywords:Round scad (Decapterus maruadsi )Antioxidative peptide PuriﬁcationCharacterizationEnzymatic hydrolysisa b s t r a c tMuscle protein from round scad (Decapterus maruadsi )was hydrolyzed with ﬁve commercial proteases,namely,Alcalase,neutral protease,papain,pepsin,and trypsin.Round scad hydrolysate (RSH)prepared with Alcalase demonstrated high antioxidative activity.After ultraﬁltration,RSH-III fraction (M W <5kDa)exhibited the strongest activity.Then,RSH-III was puriﬁed by gel ﬁltration chromatography (Sephadex G-15)and separated into four fractions (A,B,C,and D),of which fraction B showed the highest antioxi-dative activity and was further puriﬁed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography twice.The puriﬁed peptides were identiﬁed as His-Asp-His-Pro-Val-Cys (706.8Da)and His-Glu-Lys-Val-Cys (614.7Da)by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-ﬂight/time-of-ﬂight mass spec-trometry.Subsequently,the identiﬁed peptides were synthesized,and their antioxidative activities were veriﬁed.Results indicated that the two novel peptides isolated from round scad muscle protein can be developed into antioxidative ingredients in functional foods.Ó2013Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionAntioxidants play an important role both in human health by protecting the body against various degenerative diseases and in food preservation by retarding oxidation-induced deterioration.Free radical-mediated oxidation and antioxidants have been widely discussed.Many synthetic antioxidants of phenolic com-pounds,such as butylated hydroxyanisole,butylated hydroxytolu-ene,and tert-butylhydroquinone,are widely used in the food industry.However,their usage is strictly regulated because of weak carcinogenic effects in some animals at high levels (Shahidi and Zhong,2010).Therefore,identifying natural and safe antioxi-dants from various natural sources as alternatives to synthetic ones is a topic of great interest among researchers.In general,bioactive peptides usually contain 3–20amino acid residues per molecule,and their activities are based on the inherent composition and sequence of amino acids (Pihlanto-Leppälä,2001).Peptides within the sequence of their parent proteins are usually inactive,but can be liberated during enzymatic digestion or fermen-tation.Applying enzymes to modify protein is an efﬁcient way torecover potential bioactive peptides (Ismail &Sarmadi,2010).Dif-ferent kinds of animal and plant proteins released by enzymatic hydrolysis have been reported to exhibit antioxidative activity,including porcine myoﬁbrilla protein (Saiga,Tanabe,&Nishimura,2003),rice protein (Qiu,Liu,&Beta,2009),and barley glutelin (Xia,Bamdad,Gänzle,&Chen,2012).Moreover,various bioactive peptides with antioxidative activity have been derived from various marine organisms,such as marine rotifer (Byun,Lee,Park,Jeon,&Kim,2009),sardinelle by-products (Bougatef et al.,2010),and oys-ter (Qian,Jung,Byun,&Kim,2008).Round scad (Decapterus maruadsi ),a kind of marine ﬁsh,be-longs to the family of mackerel.In Southern China,the peak of pro-duction for round scad is during the hot season,this kind of ﬁsh is limited in use because of their dark colour,susceptibility to oxida-tion,and off-putting ﬂavour (Thiansilakul,Benjakul,&Shahidi,2007a ).Therefore,this species is usually regarded as a byproduct in ﬁshery,discarded or processed into ﬁsh meal or fertilizer.Pro-cessing low-valued pelagic ﬁsh into high market-value products,such as surimi production (Benjakul,Artharn,&Prodpran,2008),and into protein hydrolysates with bioactive activity (Thiansilakul,Benjakul,&Shahidi,2007b )has seen a surge.However,no informa-tion regarding the puriﬁcation and characterization of antioxida-tive peptides from round scad protein hydrolysate has been reported.In the present study,the main purpose is to isolate and characterize antioxidative peptides derived from round scad mus-cle protein (RSP).Furthermore,to verify their potential use,the0308-8146/$-see front matter Ó2013Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved./10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.074⇑Corresponding author at:School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China.Tel.:+867713272702;fax:+867713233718.E-mail address:liaodk@ (D.Liao).puriﬁed peptides are synthesized,and their antioxidative activities are conﬁrmed.2.Materials and methods2.1.MaterialsFresh round scad were collected from a localﬁsh market in Guangxi,China and kept frozen atÀ76.0°C.Round scadﬁsh loin portions were rinsed with distilled water,minced,and then stirred into meat.Protein content of round scad was determined using Kjeldahl,whereas lipid content was measured by Soxhlet extrac-tion method.Alcalase,neutral protease,papain,and pepsin were provided by Pangbo Biological Engineering Co.,Ltd.(Nanning,China).Trypsin was purchased from Sinopharm Medicine Holding Co.,Ltd.(Shang-hai,China).2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and vitamin C were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co.(St.Louis,MO, USA).Reduced L-Glutathione(GSH)was purchased from Beijing Biodee Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.(Beijing,China).Sephadex G-15 was purchased from Pharmacia Fine Chemicals Co.,Ltd.(Uppsala, Sweden).All other chemicals and reagents used were of the highest grade available commercially.2.2.Preparation of enzymatic hydrolysatesHydrolysis experiments were conducted in a500mL glass reac-tor.RSP was dissolved in ultrapure water with ratio of2:100(w/v) and placed into boiling water for10min to ensure deactivation of endogenous enzymes.Then,the proteins were digested byﬁve kinds of enzymes at an enzyme/substrate ratio of1:100(w/w). Temperature and pH were adjusted to the optimum values for each enzyme:Alcalase,50°C and pH9.5;neutral protease,50°C and pH 7.0;papain,55°C and pH7.0;pepsin,37.5°C and pH2.0;and tryp-sin,37.5°C and pH7.8.During the reaction,hydrolysis pH was maintained at the prescribed value by continuously adding 0.05M NaOH for5h under continuous stirring.Reactions were ter-minated by heating the solution in a boiling water bath for15min to ensure enzyme deactivation,and then pH was adjusted to7.0. After the hydrolysate was centrifuged at11,671g for10min,the supernatant was collected and then lyophilized for further use. The hydrolysis process was reproducible for preparation of round scad hydrolysate.2.3.Measurement of antioxidative activity2.3.1.DPPH radical-scavenging activity assayThe DPPHÅscavenging activity of protein hydrolysate was mea-sured as previously described with slight modiﬁcations(Alma, Mavi,Yildirim,Digrak,&Hirata,2003).In the experiment,0.5mL of hydrolysate was added to0.5mL of DPPHÅsolution(0.1mM in methanol).The mixture was shaken thoroughly and incubated at 30°C for30min in darkness.Absorbance was determined at 515nm using UV-2550Spectrophotometer(Shimadzu,Kyoto,Ja-pan).The scavenging effect was expressed as the formula Scavenging activity of DPPHð%Þ¼½1ÀðA sÀA1Þ=A0 Â100;ð1Þwhere A s is the absorbance of the sample,A0is the absorbance of the control of the DPPH-methanol solution,and A1is the absorbance of the sample added to methanol.Free radical-scavenging activity was quantiﬁed by a regression analysis of scavenging activity(%)versus peptide concentration and deﬁned as an EC50value,that is,the pep-tide concentration required to produce50%of scavenging activity under described conditions.2.3.2.Reducing power assayThe reducing power of RSH to reduce Fe(III)was measured using the modiﬁed method of Oyaizu(1986).In brief,0.5mL of hydrolysate and0.2mL of phosphate buffer(0.2M,pH6.6)were mixed with50l L of1%K3Fe(CN)6.The mixture was incubated at 50°C for20min and mixed with0.1mL of10%TCA,followed by centrifugation at875g for10min.Then,0.2mL of the supernatant was drawn and mixed with0.2mL of water,followed by20l L of 0.1%FeCl3.After10min of incubation at room temperature,the absorbance of the resulting Prussian blue solution at700nm was measured.A higher absorbance value indicated greater reducing power.2.3.3.Superoxide radical OÅÀ2scavenging activity assaySuperoxide radicalðOÅÀ2Þscavenging activity was measured according to a previous method,with modiﬁcations(Li,Jiang, Zhang,Mu,&Liu,2008).The reaction mixture included5.7mL of 50mM Tris-HCl-(1mM)EDTA(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) buffer with pH8.2(incubated at25°C for20min),0.2mL of pro-tein hydrolysate,and0.1mL of5mM pyrogallol solution,added in sequence.Reaction was initiated by the addition of pyrogallol. The rate of pyrogallol antoxidation was its optical density,which was measured at320nm using a spectrophotometer and recorded every30s for4min.The capability for scavenging superoxide an-ion radicals was calculated asScavenging activity of OÅÀ2ð%Þ¼½ðD A0=minÀD A s=minÞ=ðD A0=minÞ Â100;ð2Þwhere D A0/min is the change in absorbance per minute of the con-trol solution containing pyrogallol and buffer,and D A s/min is the change in absorbance per minute of the sample.2.4.Puriﬁcation of the antioxidative peptides2.4.1.UltraﬁltrationThe lyophilized RSH powder was dissolved in ultrapure water and fractionated by ultraﬁltration using Labscale System(Labscale TFF System,Millipore Co.,Billerica,MA,USA)with the molecular weight cut-off(MWCO)membranes of10and5kDa(Millipore Co.,Billerica,MA,USA),respectively.Hydrolysates were initially processed in a10kDa membrane to generate a retentate(termed RSH-I,M W>10kDa),then the10kDa permeate was further frac-tionated into a5kDa retentate(termed RSH-II,5<M W<10kDa) and permeate(termed RSH-III,M W<5kDa).The fractions RSH-I, RSH-II,and RSH-III were collected and lyophilized for antioxidative activity assay and further puriﬁcation.2.4.2.Gelﬁltration chromatographyThe fraction with the highest antioxidative activity among RSH-I,RSH-II,and RSH-III was further puriﬁed by loading onto a Sephadex G-15gelﬁltration column(2.0Â40cm),which was previously equilibrated with ultrapure water,then eluted with ultrapure water at aﬂow rate of1.0mL/min.Each fraction of the eluted solution was monitored at280nm,collected,and pooled for lyophilization.Their antioxidative activities were investigated. The fraction with the strongest antioxidative activity was subjected to the next puriﬁcation step.2.4.3.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)The fraction with the most effective antioxidative activity from the gelﬁltration chromatography puriﬁcation was further puriﬁed using reversed-phase(RP)HPLC(Agilent1100)on a Hedera ODS C2 column(10Â250mm,10l m,Hanbon Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jiangsu,China).Elution was carried out with a linear gradient of acetonitrile(0–60%in50min)containing0.1%H.Jiang et al./Food Chemistry154(2014)158–163159triﬂuoroacetic acid (TFA)at a ﬂow rate of 1.5mL/min.Elution peaks were detected at 220nm.Then,the active fraction of eluted peak was concentrated and freeze-dried.The peak that represented the highest antioxidative activity was subjected to a second round of RP-HPLC puriﬁcation using a Hypersil ODS-C18column (4.0Â250mm,5l m,Agilent Technologies Co.,Ltd.,Santa Clara,CA,USA)with a linear gradient of acetonitrile (0–20%in 40min)containing 0.1%TFA at a ﬂow rate of 0.5mL/min.The puriﬁed pep-tides were then used for the analysis of amino acid sequence.2.5.Characterization of puriﬁed peptidesAccurate molecular mass and amino acid sequence of the puri-ﬁed peptides were determined by using 4800plus MALDI-TOF/TOF™Analyzer (Applied Biosystems,Beverly,MA,USA),based on Liu,Wang,Duan,Guo,and Tang (2010).The puriﬁed peptides were ﬁrst lyophilized and dissolved in 50%acetonitrile containing 0.1%TFA.Then,1l L of the sample solution was mixed with 1l L of ma-trix solution (a -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid solution,prepared with 50%acetonitrile containing 0.1%TFA),and allowed to dry on a conventional steel matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization target.The sample was desorbed and ionized at 337nm,and oper-ated in the positive ion delayed extraction reﬂector mode.Spectra were recorded over the mass/charge (m /z )range of 500–1500.Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry experiments were achieved by collision-induced dissociation.Peptide sequencing was per-formed via manual calculation.2.6.Antioxidative activities of synthetic peptidesThe puriﬁed peptides were also synthesized by GL Biochem Co.,Ltd.(Shanghai,China).Antioxidative activities of puriﬁed peptides were measured through assays for DPPH Åscavenging activity,reducing power,and O Å2Àscavenging activity.2.7.Statistical analysisAll assays for the antioxidative activities were conducted in triplicates.Data were presented as mean ±standard deviation (SD).Statistical analysis was done in MS Excel (Microsoft Windows 2003)using Student’s t -test,signiﬁcant difference in means be-tween the samples was determined at the 5%conﬁdence level (p <0.05).3.Results and discussionAs protein-rich marine ﬁsh,round scad muscle has high proteincontent (15.5±0.43%)and low lipid content (1.8±0.08%).Šlizˇyte,Daukšas,Falch,Storrø1,and Rustad (2005)suggested that a higher amount of lipids indicates a lower percentage of solubilized pro-tein in raw material.Low fat and high protein contents indicate that an appropriate amount of raw protein in round scad muscle can be processed into more functional and nutritional proteins.Fig.1shows the simpliﬁed ﬂow chart for the preparation of antioxidative peptide from round scad.To produce antioxidative peptides,ﬁve commercial enzymes were used to hydrolyze RSP for the preparation of RSH.3.1.Preparation of RSH and its antioxidative activity3.1.1.DPPH Åscavenging assayDPPH Åis a relatively stable radical of organic nitrogen that can be characterized by a typical deep purple color,with absorbance in the range of 515–528nm when dissolved in ethanol or methanol,and it reacts with hydrogen donors (Sánchez-Moreno,2002).When DPPH radicals encounter a proton-donating substrate,such as an antioxidant,the radicals would be scavenged.The DPPH Åscaveng-ing activities of various hydrolysates are shown in Table 1.The hydrolysates all possessed the capability to quench the DPPH rad-ical and showed no signiﬁcant difference (p >0.05).3.1.2.Reducing power of hydrolysateDetermining the reducing power is via electron-transfer assay,whereby oxidants are reduced by hydrolysates in redox-linked col-orimetric reaction.As shown in Table 1,the ﬁve hydrolysates allTable 1Antioxidative Activities of Round Scad Protein Hydrolysates with Different Enzymes for 5h.Hydrolysate DPPH Åscavenging activity a (%)O À2Åscavenging activity b (%)Reducing power a(A 700)Alcalase 39.36±1.3423.06±1.500.309±0.012Neutral 32.33±1.0825.25±1.580.234±0.015Trypsin 39.37±1.2818.85±1.670.330±0.019Papain 40.21±0.8520.78±1.440.260±0.018Pepsin32.63±1.137.57±1.25c0.229±0.019Each data is expressed as mean ±standard deviations from three replications (n =3).aScavenging effects were tested at a concentration of 1mg/mL.bScavenging effects were tested at a concentration of 10mg/mL.cValues in the same column are signiﬁcantly different at p <0.05.160H.Jiang et al./Food Chemistry 154(2014)158–163possessed reducing power,and no signiﬁcant difference (p >0.05)was observed.3.1.3.O ÅÀ2scavenging activity assay Superoxide radical is a biologically unstable and toxic species.However,ðO ÅÀ2Þcannot directly initiate lipid oxidation,and is nor-mally formed ﬁrst as potential precursor of other kinds of free rad-icals and oxidizing agents,such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals.Superoxide radical and its derivatives damage cells,which leads to cell or tissue injury (Macdonald,Galley,&Webster,2003).Therefore,scavenging of superoxide radicals is important.The assay for ðO ÅÀ2Þscavenging activity is dependent on thereducing activity of hydrolysate by a ðO ÅÀ2Þ-dependent reaction,which releases chromophoric products.As shown in Table 1,neu-tral protease-treated hydrolysate was found to be the most active superoxide radical-scavenger,followed by Alcalase-treated hydro-lysate and papain proteolytic hydrolysate.The pepsin-treated hydrolysate showed a signiﬁcantly low (p <0.05)radical scaveng-ing efﬁciency.However,the DPPH Åscavenging abilities of trypsin hydrolysate (39.37±1.28%)and papain hydrolysate (40.21±0.85%)were nearly the same as that of Alcalase hydrolysate (39.36±1.34%).The trypsin hydrolysate (0.330±0.019)exhibited a stronger reduc-ing power than Alcalase hydrolysate (0.309±0.012).In comparing the results comprehensively,Alcalase-treated RSH presented the most effective antioxidative activity.Moreover,Alcalase has been reported to be capable of producing bioactive peptides from natu-ral protein hydrolysates (Wijesekara,Qian,Ryu,Ngo,&Kim,2011).Machie (1974)also indicated that proteases from plants and microorganisms are highly suitable in the preparation of ﬁsh hydrolysates.Therefore,RSH generated by Alcalase was selected for further study.3.2.Puriﬁcation of antioxidative peptidesThe Alcalase proteolytic hydrolysate was fractionated using dif-ferent MWCO membranes.The antioxidative activities of fractions RSH-I,RSH-II,and RSH-III are shown in Table 2.The three fractions showed a signiﬁcant difference (p <0.05)in DPPH Åscavenging avtivity and reducing power.RSH-III (M W <5kDa)showed the most effective antioxidative activities among the three in vitro antioxidative evaluation methods.This ﬁnding reﬂects that the low molecular mass of antioxidative peptides may be enriched by ultraﬁltration,which is consistent with previous reports.According to Sun,He,and Xie (2004),bioactive peptides with a molecular mass less than 6000Da possess antioxidative properties.As shown in Fig.2(a),fraction RSH-III was fractionated into four separate fractions (A,B,C,and D)by gel ﬁltration chromatography (Sephadex G-15column,2.0Â40cm).All fractions exhibited anti-oxidative activities but at signiﬁcantly different levels (p <0.05).The molecular weight distribution of the four major fractions (A,B,C,and D)were measured to be located at 1.7–8.4kDa,0.3–1.2kDa,0.3–0.8kDa,and 0.15–0.3kDa,respectively (Shodex Protein KW-802.5column).As such,antioxidative peptides with various molecular weights were distributed in the hydrolysates.Among the fractions,fraction B demonstrated the most effective scavenging activity of 59.77±1.24%for DPPH radical,followed by fraction A.Table 2Antioxidative Activities of Fractions RSH-I,RSH-II,and RSH-III,obtained from Alcalase hydrolysation process.FractionMolecular weight (kDa)DPPH Åscavenging activity a (%)O À2Åscavenging activity b (%)Reducingpower a (A 700)RSH-I >1047.23±1.12c 13.00±1.460.177±0.012c RSH-II 5–1036.27±1.06c 15.21±1.490.271±0.019c RSH-III<550.54±0.94c28.11±1.60c0.343±0.018cEach data is expressed as mean ±standard deviations from three replications (n =3).aScavenging effects were tested at a concentration of 1mg/mL.bScavenging effects were tested at a concentration of 10mg/mL.cValues in the same column are signiﬁcantly different at p <0.05.S Retention time (min)A b s . a t 280 n m (A )A B C D1020304050600204060050100B7B6B5B4B3Retention time (min)B1B2H.Jiang et al./Food Chemistry 154(2014)158–163161Furthermore,fraction B was lyophilized and separated by RP-HPLC on a semi-preparation column into seven major fractions (B1–B7),as shown in Fig.2(b).A signiﬁcant difference (p <0.05)was observed between fractions B1,B2,and B3and other fractions B4,B5,B6,and B7.Fraction B1possessed the highest DPPH radical scavenging capability with a value of (78.70±1.04%)and was fur-ther applied onto an ODS-C18analytical column (4.0Â250mm,5l m,Agilent),then divided into three peaks (B11,B12,and B13),as illustrated in Fig.2(c).Peaks B11and B12showed the antioxida-tive activities of 98.69±0.76%and 41.70±0.93%,respectively.Fractions of B11and B12were collected and rechromatographed on the same column using a linear gradient of acetonitrile (0–10%in 40min)in 0.1%TFA at a ﬂow rate of 0.5mL/min,respec-tively,and then used for identiﬁcation by mass spectrometry.3.3.Characterization of antioxidative peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-ﬂight/time-of-ﬂight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)The amino acid sequences of fractions B11and B12were identiﬁed as His-Asp-His-Pro-Val-Cys (HDHPVC)and His-Glu-Lys-Val-Cys (HEKVC)by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS (Fig.3),respectively.The theoretical molecular mass of HDHPVC was determined as 706.8Da,which was close to the observed mass of 707.11(M+H +)of fraction B11,The deviation between the theoretical mass of HEKVC (614.7Da)and observed mass of fraction B12(615.22Da [M+H +])was deemed acceptable.Regarding the relationship between the properties and antioxi-dative activity of amino acids,peptides of HDHPVC and HEKVC contained mainly hydrophilic amino acids of Asp,Glu,Cys,His,as validated by results in Fig.2(b)and (c),whereby polar fractions (B1and B11)were eluted ﬁrst.The highest activity for fractions B1and B11indicated that antioxidative activity is relevant to hydro-philic amino acids.Sacchetti,Di Mattia,Pittia,and Martino (2008)also reported that the antioxidative activity of a hydrophilicfraction is much higher than that of a lipophilic fraction extracted from chicken meat.3.4.Antioxidant activities of synthetic peptidesPeptides of HDHPVC and HEKVC were synthesized (98%purity),and their antioxidative activities were tested,as shown in Table 3and Fig.4.Both HDHPVC and HEKVC exhibited effective antioxida-tive capacity compared with vitamin C and GSH.The scavenging activities of HDHPVC and HEKVC were near to those of fractions B11and B12,respectively.As shown in Fig.4,compared with HDHPVC,HEKVC and GSH,the lowest reducing power (p <0.05)was obtained for vitamin C,which donated a single electron to Fe 3+.HDHPVC and HEKVC showed higher reducing capability than GSH when the concentra-tion was less than 0.5mM.By contrast,the reducing capacity of GSH was higher when the concentration ranged from 0.5to 0.7mM.This discrepancy may be attributed to the charged amino acids of His,Asp,Glu and Lys contained in HDHPVC,HEKVC andGSH.HDHPVC and HEKVC displayed weaker ðO ÅÀ2Þscavenging activities compared with GSH and vitamin C (Table 3).The reason for the most effective inhibition of DPPH radical and auto-oxida-tion of ðO ÅÀ2Þby vitamin C was its content of phenolic hydroxyl group that reacted with free radicals.Meanwhile,among GSH,HDHPVC,and HEKVC,structural difference was responsible forthe more effective ðO ÅÀ2Þscavenging capability obtained by GSH.In addition,for its His,Pro,Lys,Asp,Val and Cys residues,HDHPVC displayed similar DPPH Åscavenging capability with GSH.Mean-while,the DPPH Åscavenging capability of HEKVC was half of that of GSH.The antioxidative activities of peptides was enhanced by the participation of hydrophobic amino acids and one or more res-idues of His,Pro,Met,Cys,Tyr,Trp,Phe,and Met,based on the study of Ren et al.(2008).Histidine is reportedly important to the antioxidative activities of peptides for its imidazole characteristics that indicate proton-donation capability (Li,Chen,Wang,Ji,&Wu,2007).Histidine res-idue,which was located at the N -terminus,was a component of both HDHPVC and HEKVC,but it was included in the centre of the sequence for HDHPVC,which accounted for the stronger DPPH Åscavenging activity and reducing power of the former compared with the HEKVC.This result indicates that the antioxidativeTable 3Antioxidative Activities of DPPH ÅScavenging and O À2ÅScavenging (EC 50mM).SampleEC 50valuesa(mM)DPPH Åscavenging activitiesO À2Åscavenging activities HEKVC 0.0677±0.0012b 0.3744±0.0021b HDHPVC 0.0310±0.00110.3817±0.0017b GSH0.0300±0.00100.2317±0.0027b vitamin C0.0102±0.0012b0.0895±0.0011baResults are expressed as mean ±standard deviations from three replications (n =3).bValues in the same column are signiﬁcantly different at p <0.05.162H.Jiang et al./Food Chemistry 154(2014)158–163activity may not only be related to histidine residue,but also to its amount and position in the peptide sequence.Murase,Nagao,and Terao(1993)found that compounds can suppress the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine and methyl linoleate when a histidine residue is located in the N-(long-chain-acyl)terminus.Saito et al.(2003) suggested that a Histidine residue in the center of the peptide se-quence plays an important role in antioxidative activity.Moreover,HDHPVC and HEKVC were composed of Lys,Asp,Pro, and Val residues,which are believed to be relevant to antioxidative activity.According to Kim et al.(2001),Pro residue contributes to the scavenging of free radicals.Research on the antioxidative activ-ity of porcine myoﬁbrilla protein hydrolysate,demonstrated that Asp and Lys residues could deactivate the prooxidant activity of metal ions(Saiga et al.,2003).By using DPPHÅscavenging assay, Di Bernardini et al.(2011)suggested that Val residue-containing peptides display antioxidative activity.Furthermore,Cys residue,which may contribute to antioxida-tive activity,was found and located at the C-terminus of HDHPVC and HEKVC.Li,Li,He,and Qian(2010)suggested that Cys plays a signiﬁcant role in antioxidative activity when it is located next to the C-terminus as it has a high tendency for hydrogen bonding. Moreover,the reaction of cystine with reactive oxygen species can be facilitated by cystine disulﬁde bonding and sulfuric acid (Garrison,1987).GSH is recognized as a potential antioxidant base on its sulphydryl group and Cys residue.Cys residue was present in HDHPVC,HEKVC,and GSH,but these peptides exhibited different antioxidative capacities,which may be attributed to the presence of other amino acids,such as His,Lys,Pro,Asp,and Val residues, as well as structural difference.The two antioxidative peptides showed some common features. The presence of speciﬁc amino acids and their sequences could ac-count for the antioxidative activity.Although the structural activity relationship of antioxidative peptides has not yet been fully estab-lished,HDHPVC and HEKVC may be incorporated into functional foods as novel antioxidative ingredients.4.ConclusionsIn this study,two novel antioxidative peptides,namely, HDHPVC and HEKVC were successfully puriﬁed and identiﬁed from RSH for theﬁrst time.After being synthesized,the two peptides exhibited effective antioxidative capacity in vitro compared with vitamin C and GSH.Hence,these peptides may be used to aid in developing potential applications of low-valued marineﬁsh pro-teins as functional food ingredients after being tested in vivo.A more detailed study of the antioxidative mechanism and in vivo activity of the two peptides is underway.AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the programs of Science and Tech-nology Development of Guangxi Province(No.10123008-20), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of Key Project(2012 GXNSFDA53004),and Key Project of Guangxi Experiment Centre of Science and Technology(No.LGZX201208).ReferencesAlma,M.H.,Mavi,A.,Yildirim,A.,Digrak,M.,&Hirata,T.(2003).Screening chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from Origanum syriacum L.growing in Turkey.Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,26,1725–1729.Benjakul,S.,Artharn,A.,&Prodpran,T.(2008).Properties of protein-basedﬁlm from round scad(Decapterus maruadsi)muscle as inﬂuenced byﬁsh quality.LWT-Food Science and Technology,41(5),753–763.Bougatef,A.,Nedjar-Arroume,N.,Manni,L.,Ravallec,R.,Barkia,A.,Guillochon,D.,& Nasri,M.(2010).Puriﬁcation and identiﬁcation of novel antioxidant peptidesfrom enzymatic hydrolysates of sardinelle(Sardinellaaurita)by-products proteins.Food Chemistry,118(3),559–565.Byun,H.G.,Lee,J.K.,Park,H.G.,Jeon,J.K.,&Kim,S.K.(2009).Antioxidant peptides isolated from the marine rotifer,Brachionus rotundiformis.Process Biochemistry, 44,842–846.Di Bernardini,R.,Rai,D.K.,Bolton,D.,Kerry,J.,O’Neill,E.,Mullen,A.M.,Harnedy,P., &Hayes,M.(2011).Isolation,puriﬁcation and characterization of antioxidant peptidic fractions from a bovine liver sarcoplasmic protein thermolysin hydrolyzate.Peptides,32,388–400.Garrison,W.M.(1987).Reaction mechanisms in radiolysis of peptides, polypeptides,and proteins.Chemical Reviews,87,381–398.Ismail,A.,&Sarmadi,B.H.(2010).Antioxidative peptides from food proteins:A review.Peptides,31,1949–1956.Kim,S.K.,Kim,Y.T.,Byun,H.G.,Nam,K.S.,Joo,D.S.,&Shahidi,F.(2001).Isolation and characterization of antioxidative peptides from gelatin hydrolysate of Alaska pollack skin.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,49,1984–1989. Li,B.,Chen,F.,Wang,X.,Ji,B.,&Wu,Y.(2007).Isolation and identiﬁcation of antioxidative peptides from porcine collagen hydrolysate by consecutive chromatography and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry.Food Chemistry,102(4),1135–1143.Li,Y.H.,Jiang,B.,Zhang,T.,Mu,W.M.,&Liu,J.(2008).Antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities of chickpea protein hydrolysate(CPH).Food Chemistry, 106(2),444–450.Li,Y.W.,Li,B.,He,J.,&Qian,P.(2010).Structure-activity relationship study of antioxidative peptides by QSAR modeling:the amino acid next to C-terminus affects the activity.Journal of Peptide Science,17,454–462.Liu,R.,Wang,M.,Duan,J.,Guo,J.,&Tang,Y.(2010).Puriﬁcation and identiﬁcation of three novel antioxidant peptides from Cornu Bubali(water buffalo horn).Peptides,31,786–793.Macdonald,J.,Galley,H.F.,&Webster,N.R.(2003).Oxidative stress and gene expression in sepsis.British Journal of Anaesthesia,90(2),221–232.Machie,I.M.(1974).Proteolytic enzymes in recovery of proteins fromﬁsh waste.Process Biochemistry,9,12–14.Murase,H.,Nagao,A.,&Terao,J.(1993).Antioxidant and emulsifying activity of N-(long-chain-acyl)histidine and N-(long-chain-acyl)carnosine.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,41,1601–1604.Oyaizu,M.(1986).Studies on products of browning reactions antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine.Japanese Journal of Nutrition,44,307–315.Pihlanto-Leppälä,A.(2001).Bioactive peptides derived from bovine whey proteins: Opioid and ACE-inhibitory peptides.Trends in Food Science&Technology,11, 347–356.Qian,Z.J.,Jung,W.K.,Byun,H.G.,&Kim,S.K.(2008).Protective effect of an antioxidative peptide puriﬁed from gastrointestinal digests of oyster, Crassostrea gigas against free radical induced DNA damage.Bioresource Technology,99,3365–3371.Qiu,Y.,Liu,Q.,&Beta,T.(2009).Antioxidant activity of commercial wild rice and identiﬁcation onﬂavonoid compounds in active fractions.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,57,7543–7551.Ren,J.,Zhao,M.,Shi,J.,Wang,J.,Jiang,Y.,Cui,C.,Kakuda,Y.,&Xue,S.J.(2008).Puriﬁcation and identiﬁcation of antioxidant peptides from grass carp muscle hydrolysates by consecutive chromatography and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry.Food Chemistry,108,727–736.Sacchetti,G.,Di Mattia,C.,Pittia,P.,&Martino,G.(2008).Application of a radical scavenging activity test to measure the total antioxidant activity of poultry meat.Meat Science,80,1081–1085.Saiga, A.,Tanabe,S.,&Nishimura,T.(2003).Antioxidant activity of peptides obtained from porcine myoﬁbrillar proteins by protease treatment.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,51,3661–3667.Saito,K.,Jin, D.H.,Ogawa,T.,Muramoto,K.,Hatakeyama, E.,Yasuhara,T.,& Nokihara,K.(2003).Antioxidative properties of tripeptide libraries prepared by the combinatorial chemistry.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,51, 3668–3674.Sánchez-Moreno,C.(2002).Review:Methods used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity in foods and biological systems.Food Science and Technology International,8,121–137.Shahidi,F.,&Zhong,Y.(2010).Novel antioxidants in food quality preservation and health promotion.European Journal of Lipid Technology,112,930–940.Šlizˇyte,R.,Daukšas, E.,Falch, E.,Storrø1,I.,&Rustad,T.(2005).Yield and composition of different fractions obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of cod (Gadus morhua)by-products.Process Biochemistry,40,1415–1424.Sun,J.,He,H.,&Xie, B.J.(2004).Novel antioxidant peptides from fermented mushroom Ganoderma lucidum.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,52, 6646–6652.Thiansilakul,Y.,Benjakul,S.,&Shahidi, F.(2007a).Compositions,functional properties and antioxidative activity of protein hydrolysates prepared from round scad(Decapterus maruadsi).Food Chemistry,103,1385–1394. Thiansilakul,Y.,Benjakul,S.,&Shahidi,F.(2007b).Antioxidative activity of protein hydrolysate from round scad muscle using Alcalase and Flavourzyme.Journal of Food Biochemistry,31,266–287.Wijesekara,I.,Qian,Z.J.,Ryu,B.,Ngo,D.H.,&Kim,S.K.(2011).Puriﬁcation and identiﬁcation of antihypertensive peptides from seaweed pipeﬁsh(Syngnathus schlegeli)muscle protein hydrolysate.Food Research International,44,703–707. Xia,Y.,Bamdad,F.,Gänzle,M.,&Chen,L.(2012).Fractionation and characterization of antioxidant peptides derived from barley glutelin by enzymatic hydrolysis.Food Chemistry,134(3),1509–1518.H.Jiang et al./Food Chemistry154(2014)158–163163。

HANDYSURF+ 手持表面测量仪说明书

HANDYSURF+Mobile Surface Measuring InstrumentWith a sleeker design, new 2.4-inch color LCD screen, and improved user interface for intuitiveoperations, HANDYSURF+ offers a simple quality assurance option for measuring surface parameters throughout production. It is an ideal solution for the automotive, mechanical engineering and medical technology industries.Flexible useHANDYSURF+ is flexible and robust, with horizontal, vertical and overhead surface measurement capabilities that travel to the workpieceUser-friendlinessHANDYSURF+ meets all common surface standards (ISO, DIN, CNOMO, ASME and JIS), features 20 languages and can be connected to a PC, printer or flash drive via built-in USBWider measuring rangeHANDYSURF+ covers a 370 μm measuring range — the widest in its class — without compromising its 0.0007 μm resolutionEnhanced analysisHANDYSURF+ offers graphic representations of measurements for on-site verification with paramater and waveform, and is capable of a variety of analyses including BAC, ADC, peakcount and motifsTechnical Data & Specifications:Available in three models: 35, 40 and 45, with stylus tip radiuses of 2 or 5 μm (45 only available with 5 μm stylustip radius)Z measuring range: -210 to +160 μm Z measuring resolution: 0.0007 μm Stylus tip material: Diamond©2019 Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology, LLC P: +1 800 327-9735 | E: *************************** | W: /metrologyTechnical Data HANDYSURF+EN_60_020_0021I Printed in USASubject to change in design and scope of delivery and as a result of ongoing technical development.ModelHANDYSURF+3535404045Tip radius 5 μmTip radius 2 μmTip radius 5 μmTip radius 2 μmTip radius 5 μmMeasurement range Z direction -210 to +160 μm -210 to +160 μm -210 to +160 μm -210 to +160 μm -210 to +160 μm -210 to +160 μm Drive axis X direction 16 mmX direction 16 mmX direction 16 mmX direction 16 mmY direction 16 mmTracing Driver Movement type Standard type Standard type Retraction type Retraction type Horizontal tracing type Evaluation Length 0.2 to 16 mm0.2 to 16 mm0.2 to 16 mm0.2 to 16 mm0.2 mm to 4.0 mm Measurement speed 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1.0 mm/s0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1.0 mm/s0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1.0 mm/s0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1.0 mm/s0.6 mm/sPickup Sensing typeDifferential inductance Differential inductance Differential inductance Differential inductance Differential inductance Measurement Method SkidSkidSkidSkidSkidZ direction resolution 0.0007 μm/-210 to +160 μm 0.0007 μm/-210 to +160 μm 0.0007 μm/-210 to +160 μm 0.0007 μm/-210 to +160 μm 0.0007 μm/-210 to +160 μm Model E-DT-SM10A E-DT-SM49A E-DT-SM10A E-DT-SM49A E-DT-SM39A StylusMeasurement force 4 mN 0.75 mN 4 mN 0.75 mN 4 mN Tip radius r tip = 5 μm r tip = 2 μm r tip = 5 μm r tip = 2 μm r tip = 5 μm Tip angle 90°cone 60°cone 90°cone 60°cone 90°cone Tip materialDiamondDiamondDiamondDiamondDiamondAnalysis item Calculation Standards Comply with JIS2013/2001, JIS1994, JIS1982, ISO1997/2009, ISO13565, DIN1990, ASME2002/2009, ASME1995, CNOMO ParameterProfile Curve Pt, Rmax, Rz, Rk, Rpk, Rvk, Mr1, Mr2, Vo, K, tpRoughness Curve Ra, Rq, Rz, Rv, Rc, Rt, RSm, RΔq, Rsk, Rku, Rmr(c), Rmr, Rδc, Rz94, R3z, RΔa, Ry, Sm, S, tp, PC, RPc JIS, RPc ISO, RPc EN, Pc, PPI, Rp, Rmax, Mr1, Mr2, Rpk, Rvk, Rk, Vo, K, A1, A2, Rpm, Δa, Δq, HtpMotifR, Rx, AR, W, Wx, AW, Rke, Rpke, Rvke, NCRX, NR, CPM, SR, SAR, Wte, NW, SAW, SW, Mr1e, Mr2e, Vo, K Evaluation Curve Profile Curve, Roughness Curve, ISO13565 SpecialRoughness Curve, Roughness motif curve, Waviness motif curve, Upper envelope waviness curve Characteristics graph Bearing area curve, Amplitude distribution curve Filter Filter type Gaussian, 2RC (phase compensation), 2RC (non-phase compensation)Cutoff valueλc 0.08, 0.25, 0.8, 2.5 mm λsNone, 2.5, 8 μmAmplification indicator Display 2.4-inch color liquid crystal panelData output USB connectors for USB memory/printer connection x 1, Micro USB connector for USB communication x 1Print output Optional (external printer unit) / Thermal recording paper width: 58 mm (recording width: 48 mm)Language Japanese, English, Chinese (Traditional Chinese/Simplified Chinese), Korean, Thai, Malay, Vietnamese, Indonesian, German, French, Italian, Czech, Polish, Hungarian, Turkish, Swedish, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese Specifications Power SupplyChargingBuilt-in battery (to be charged using AC adaptor, PC USB port, USB battery), charging period: 4 hours (about 1000 measurements can be take when fully charged)Voltage, frequency AC100 to 240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz, Single phase (Included AC adapter)Power consumptionMaximum 10 WExternal dimensions (W x D x H) / WeightAmplification indicator: 184.5 x 68 x 57.4 mm/about 500 g for the entire system。

椰子花粉过敏原profilin蛋白体外重折叠过程的光谱学研究

指标可以对蛋门质分子中荧光生色基团的结构及其微观环境
１材料与方法
１１主要仪器与材料．
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色性光谱、荧光光谱和同步荧光光谱对尿素诱导的重组椰子花粉泛过敏原ｐｏｉｎ蛋白包涵体的复性过程进ｒｆｉｌ行了系统的光谱学研究，得到了ｐｏｉｎ蛋白复性过程的光谱学特征；结合牛物信息学方法，通过对ｐｏｉｎｒｆｉｌｒｆｉｌ蛋白的二级结构和三级结构的预测，进一步分析了复性过程中ｐｏｉｎ蛋门构象变化的特点，初步建立ｒ一ｒｆｉｌ种新的检测霞纽变应原蛋白复性程度的光谱学实验方法，为重组蛋白包涵体复件机的深入研究进行了有
Ｊ８５型的圆二色光谱仪（ａｃ公司）Ｆ４Ｏ荧光分１Ｊｓｏ，－５Ｏ型光光度计（立公司）ＰＣ层析仪、层析柱（日，ＦＬＡｍｅｓａｒｈｍ
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到的重组蛋白通常足以无生物活性的聚集体——“ 包涵体” 的
形式存在，年来发展ｒ许多方法从包涵体中复性重组蛋近白，中尿素浓度梯度方法已成功用于多种重组蛋白的复其

进行期银屑病患者神经内分泌免疫网络中相关介质的表达

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行期寻常型银屑病患者血浆中Ｐ物质、白介素一（一）白介素一ＯＩ－Ｏ及皮质醇水平。果：２Ｉ２、ＬＩ（Ｉ）Ｌ结患者皮损Ｐ物质及ＮＦ表达显著高于对照组正常皮肤（＜．）ＧＰＯ０。患者血浆中Ｐ物质、Ｉ２皮质醇水平明显高于正常对照组５Ｉ、广（＜．５：浆Ｉ－Ｏ平显著低于正常对照组（＜．５。结论：行期银屑病神经内分泌网络稳态破坏，Ｐ００）血ＬＩ水Ｐ００）进涉及多种相关介质，间存在内在联系．能在促进银屑病皮损处炎症反应及角质形成细胞增生中起重要作用。其可关键词：屑病；经内分泌网络；Ｐ物质；银神白介素一；质醇２皮

基于声表面波器件的仿生嗅觉受体传感器的研究

３０２）１０７
摘要：嗅觉受体可以与气味分子发生特异性的相互作用，一机理不仅在生物嗅觉系统分辨和识别气味的过程这
中发挥着重要作用，且也为解决传统嗅觉传感器特异性低的问题提供新的途径。从仿生设计角度，用嗅觉受而利体对其配体特异性识别的机理，高嗅觉传感器的特异性。以嗅觉受体作为敏感元件，表面波器件作为二级传提声
基于声表面波器件的仿生嗅觉受体传感器的研究
杜立萍吴春生王镝王乐刘清君赵鲁杭王平
”（浙江大学生物医学工程与仪器科学学院，物传感器国家专业实验室，生杭州
（江大学医学院生物化学与遗传学系，州３０５）浙杭１０８
２卷４期９
２０年８月０１
中国生
物医
学
工程
学
报
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Ｖ０．９１２ＮＯ４．Ａｕｕｓ２０ｇｔ０１
中图分类号Ｒ１３８文献标识码Ａ文章编号０５ — ２（０００ —６１６２８８１２１）４００－００
ＴｈｅＳｕｙｏｏｉｆｃｏｙＲｅｅｔｒＳｎｏｓｄｏｕｆｃｏｓｉａｅＤｅｉｅｔｄｆＢｉｎｃＯｌａｔｒｃｐｏｅｓｒＢａｅｎＳｒａｅＡｃｕｔｃＷｖｖｃ

原发性干燥综合征炎症发病机制

何思慧等原发性干燥综合征炎症发病机制第 12 期原发性干燥综合征炎症发病机制①何思慧张剑勇贾二涛（南京中医药大学附属深圳市中医院，深圳518033）中图分类号R392 文献标志码 A 文章编号1000-484X（2023）12-2679-05［摘要］原发性干燥综合征（pSS）是累及多种外分泌腺为主的慢性炎症性自身免疫病，是风湿病科一大类常见的自身免疫病，但是pSS的发病机制仍不明确，以致治疗手段不足。

而国际上对于pSS的研究也在日益增多，回顾关于干燥综合征在不同因素下的机制的文献，本文从遗传、环境、自身免疫细胞及自身抗体等因素对干燥综合征的发病机制总结。

［关键词］干燥综合征；病因；发病机制Inflammatory pathogenesis of Primary Sjögren's syndromeHE Sihui，ZHANG Jianyong，JIA Ertao. Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital，Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine， Shenzhen 518033， China［Abstract］Primary Sjögren's syndrome （pSS） is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving a variety of exocrine glands. It is a common autoimmune disease in the department of rheumatology. However， the pathogenesis of pSS is still unclear， re⁃sulting in lack of treatment. While the international research on pSS is also increasing， we review the latest literature on the mecha⁃nism of Sjögren's syndrome under different factors. In this paper， the process mechanism of Sjögren's syndrome is summarized from the aspects of heredity， environment， autoimmune cells and autoantibodies.［Key words］Sjögren's syndrome；Etiology；Pathogenesis原发性干燥综合征（Primary Sjögren's syn⁃drome，pSS）是一种复杂的慢性炎症性自身免疫性疾病，因外分泌腺功能障碍导致出现严重的口干、眼干的症状。

【CN110132911B】基于复合物比率荧光探针的水样中总磷检测方法【专利】

(19)中华人民共和国国家知识产权局(12)发明专利(10)授权公告号 (45)授权公告日 (21)申请号 201910299972.8(22)申请日 2019.04.15(65)同一申请的已公布的文献号申请公布号 CN 110132911 A (43)申请公布日 2019.08.16(73)专利权人浙江大学地址 310058 浙江省杭州市西湖区余杭塘路866号(72)发明人童裳伦　武会芳　(74)专利代理机构杭州求是专利事务所有限公司 33200代理人傅朝栋　张法高(51)Int.Cl.G01N 21/64(2006.01)(56)对比文件CN 108051420 A ,2018.05.18,CN 106350069 A ,2017.01.25,CN 109265608 A ,2019.01.25,Heng Xin Zhao et al..“Highlyselective detection of phosphate in very complicated matrixes with an ”.《Chemical communications》.2011,Huifang Wu et al..A Speci ﬁc Turn-On Fluorescent Sensing for Ultrasensitive and.《ACS sensors》.2018,Jian Mei Bai et al..“Graphene quantum dots combined with europium ions as photoluminescent probes for phosphate sensing ”.《Chemistry ,a european journal》.2013,审查员吴文惠(54)发明名称基于复合物比率荧光探针的水样中总磷检测方法(57)摘要本发明公开了一种基于复合物比率荧光探针的水样中总磷检测方法，属于环境监测技术领域。

秀珍菇全基因组SSR_位点分析及其在遗传多样性评估中的应用

湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)2023，49(2)：176–182．DOI：10.13331/ki.jhau.2023.02.008Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)引用格式：周思琦，龚文兵，夏志兰，吴秋云，王亚东．秀珍菇全基因组SSR位点分析及其在遗传多样性评估中的应用[J]．湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2023，49(2)：176–182．ZHOU S Q，GONG W B，XIA Z L，WU Q Y，WANG Y D．Genome-wide SSR characterization and its applicationin evaluating the genetic diversity of Pleurotus pulmonarius[J]．Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)，2023，49(2)：176–182．投稿网址：秀珍菇全基因组SSR位点分析及其在遗传多样性评估中的应用周思琦1，龚文兵2，夏志兰1*，吴秋云3,4，王亚东1(1.湖南农业大学园艺学院，湖南长沙410128；2.中国农业科学院麻类研究所，湖南长沙410221；3.园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心，湖南长沙410128；4.蔬菜生物学湖南省重点实验室，湖南长沙410128)摘要：利用GenBank数据库中秀珍菇(Pleurotus pulmonarius)的全基因组序列进行简单重复序列(SSR)位点挖掘。

在秀珍菇PM_ss5基因组中共检测出2348个SSR位点，相对丰度为平均1 Mb中含有59个SSR位点；所有SSR 位点中，以二核苷酸SSR为主(51.8%)，三核苷酸SSR次之(27.7%)；经鉴定的秀珍菇SSR位点包含141种碱基基序，优势碱基基序为GA/TC、CT/AG；SSR长度变化范围为10~156 bp，其中，10~15 bp的SSR位点占比为77.2%；在秀珍菇和其他4种侧耳属真菌基因组中，都是以短核苷酸SSR为主，秀珍菇二核苷酸SSR占比高于其他侧耳属菌株；利用筛选的53对多态性引物对18个秀珍菇菌株进行遗传多样性分析，结果发现参试菌株表现出中度遗传多样性，平均Shannon信息指数为0.38，平均Nei’s基因多样性为0.23，平均有效等位基因数为1.35。

SmartLine STG700 STG70L 压力传感器技术说明书

SmartLineTechnical InformationSTG700 SmartLine Gauge Pressure Specification 34-ST-03-122, Jan 2021IntroductionPart of the SmartLine® family of products, the STG700 andSTG70L are suitable for monitoring, control and dataacquisition featuring piezoresistive sensor technologycombining pressure sensing with on chip temperaturecompensation capabilities providing high accuracy, stabilityand performance over a wide range of applicationpressures and temperatures. The SmartLine family is alsofully tested and compliant with Experion ® PKS providingthe highest level of compatibility assurance and integrationcapabilities. SmartLine easily meets the most demandingapplication needs for pressure measurement applications.Best in Class Features:∙Accuracies up to 0.065% of span∙Stability up to 0.020% of URL per year for 10 years∙Automatic temperature compensation∙Rangeability up to 100:1∙Response times as fast as 100ms∙Easy to use and intuitive display capabilities∙Intuitive External Zero, Span and configuration capability∙Comprehensive on-board diagnostic capabilities∙Integral Dual Seal design for safety based on ANSI/NFPA 70-202 and ANSI/ISA 12.27.0∙Full compliance to SIL 2/3 requirements∙Modular design characteristics∙Available with additional 4-year warrantyCommunications/Output Options:∙HART ® (version 7.0)Figure 1 – STG700 Dual Head and Inline Gauge Pressure Transmitters feature field-proven piezoresistive sensor technology Span & Range Limits:ModelURL psi(bar)LRLpsi (bar)Min Span STG735/STG73S 50 (3.5) -14.7 (-1.0) 0.5 (0.035) STG745/STG74S 500 (35) -14.7 (-1.0) 5 (.35)STG775/STG77S 3000 (210) -14.7 (-1.0) 30 (2.1) STG78S 6000 (420) -14.7 (-1.0) 60 (4.2)STG79S 10000 (690) -14.7 (-1.0) 100 (6.9)2 STG700 Smart Pressure TransmitterDescriptionThe SmartLine family pressure transmitters are designed around a high performance piezo-resistive sensor. This one sensor integrates multiple sensors linking process pressure measurement with on-board static pressure (GP Models) and temperature compensation measurements.Indication/Display OptionStandard LCD Display Featureso Modular (may be added or removed in the field)o Supports HART protocol varianto0, 90,180, & 270 degree position adjustmentso Configurable (HART only) and standard (Pa, KPa, MPa, KGcm2, Torr, ATM, inH2O, mH2O, bar, mbar,inHG, FTH2O, mmH2O, mm HG, & psi) measurementunits.o 2 Lines 6 digits PV (9.95H x 4.20W mm) 8 Characters o Square root output indication (√)o Write protect Indicationo Built in Basic Device Configuration through Internal or External Buttons – Range/Engineering Unit/Loop Test /Loop Calibration/Zero /Span Settingo Multiple language capability (EN, RU)DiagnosticsSmartLine transmitters all offer digitally accessible diagnostics which aid in providing advanced warning of possible failure events minimizing unplanned shutdowns, providing lower overall operational costsSystem Integrationo SmartLine communications protocols all meet the most current published standards for HART.o All ST 700 units are Experion tested to provide thehighest level of compatibility assurance Configuration ToolsExternal Two Button Configuration OptionSuitable for all electrical and environmental requirements, SmartLine offers the ability to configure the transmitter and display, for all basic parameters, via two externally accessible buttons when a display option isselected. Zero/span capabilities are also optionally available via two external buttons with or without selection of the display option.Internal Two Button Configuration OptionThe Standard display has two buttons that can be used for Basic configuration such as re ranging, PV Engineering unit setting, Zero/Span settings, Loop testing and calibration functions.Hand Held ConfigurationSmartLine transmitters feature two-way communication and configuration capability between the operator and the transmitter. All Honeywell transmitters are designed and tested for compliance with the offered communication protocols and are designed to operate with any Standards compliant handheld configuration device.Personal Computer ConfigurationField Device Manager (FDM) Software and FDM Express are also available for managing HART device configurations.Modular DesignTo help contain maintenance & inventory costs, all ST 700 transmitters are modular in design supporting the user’s ability to replace meter bodies, standard displays or electronic modules without affecting overall performance. Each meter body is uniquely characterized to provide in-tolerance performance over a wide range of application variations in temperature and pressure.Modular Features∙Meter body replacement∙Add or remove standard displays∙Add or remove lightning protection (terminalconnection)With no performance effects, Honeywell’s unique modularity results in lower inventory needs and lower overall operating costs.STG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter3Performance SpecificationsReference Accuracy: (conformance to +/-3 Sigma)Table 1ModelURLLRLMin SpanMaximum Turndown Ratio Stability (% URL/Year for 10 years)Reference Accuracy 1,2 (% Span) StandardS t a n d a r d A c c u r a c ySTG73550 psi (3.5 bar) -14.7 psi (-1.0 bar) 0.5 psi (.035 bar) 100:1 0.020 0.065STG73S 50 psi (3.5 bar) -14.7 psi (-1.0 bar) 0.5 psi (.035 bar) STG745 500 psi (35 bar) -14.7 psi (-1.0 bar) 5 psi (.35 bar) STG74S 500 psi (35 bar) -14.7 psi (-1.0 bar) 5 psi (.35 bar) STG775 3000 psi (210 bar) -14.7 psi (-1.0 bar) 30 psi (2.1 bar) STG77S 3000 psi (210 bar) -14.7 psi (-1.0 bar) 30 psi (2.1 bar) STG78S 6000 psi (420 bar) -14.7 psi (-1.0 bar) 60 psi (4.2 bar) STG79S10000 psi (690 bar)-14.7 psi (-1.0 bar)100 (6.9 bar)Zero and span may be set anywhere within the listed (URL/LRL) range limitsAccuracy, Span and Temperature Effect: (Conformance to +/-3 Sigma)Table 2Accuracy 1,2 (% of Span)Combined Zero & Span temperature Effect (% Span / 28o C(50o F))Model URLReferenceTurndown ABC(see URL units)D E S t a n d a r d A c c u r a c ySTG73550 psi (3.5 bar) 16.7:1 0.005 0.0603 (0.21) 0.070 0.008 STG73S 50 psi (3.5 bar) 8:1 6 (0.42) 0.100 0.015 STG745 500 psi (35 bar) 20:1 25 (1.75) 0.075 0.013 STG74S 500 psi (35 bar) 20:1 25 (1.75) 0.100 0.020 STG775 3000 psi (210 bar) 8.5:1 350 (24.5) 0.075 0.013 STG77S 3000 psi (210 bar) 8.5:1 350 (24.5) 0.100 0.025 STG78S 6000 psi (420 bar) 10:1 600 (42) 0.100 0.070 STG79S10000 psi (690 bar) 8:10.025 0.040 1250 (86.25)0.2000.170Turn Down EffectTemp EffectTotal Performance (% of Span):Total Performance Calculation : = +/- √ (Accuracy)2 + (Temperature Effect)2Total Performance Examples (for comparison): (standard accuracy, 5:1 Turndown, +/-50 o F (28o C) shift) STG735 @ 10 psi: 0.128% of span STG73S @ 10 psi: 0.187% of spanSTG745 @ 100 psi: 0.154% of span STG74S @ 100 psi: 0.210% of spanSTG775 @ 600 psi: 0.154 % of span STG77S @ 600 psi: 0.234% of span STG78S @ 1200 psi: 0.455% of span STG79S @ 2000 psi: 1.052% of spanTypical Calibration Frequency:Calibration verification is recommended every two (2) yearsNotes:1. Terminal Based Accuracy - Includes combined effects of linearity, hysteresis, and repeatability. Analog output adds 0 .006% of span.2. For zero based spans and reference conditions of: 25 o C (77 o F) for LRV > = 0 psia, 10 to 55% RH, and 316 Stainless Steel barrierdiaphragm.4 STG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter Operating Conditions – All ModelsParameter ReferenceConditionRated Condition Operative Limits Transportation andStorage︒C ︒F ︒C ︒F ︒C ︒F ︒C ︒FAmbient Temperature125±1 77±2 -40 to 85 -40 to 185 -40 to 85 -40 to 185 -55 to 120 -67 to 248 Meter Body Temperature 25±1 77±2 -40 to 110 -40 to 230 -40 to 125 -40 to 257 -55 to 120 -67 to 248 Humidity %RH10 to 55 0 to 100 0 to 100 0 to 100 Vac. Region – Min. PressuremmHg absoluteinH2O absoluteAtmosphericAtmospheric25132 (short term ) 21 (short term ) 2Supply Voltage Load Resistance 10.8 to 42.4 Vdc at terminals0 to 1,440 ohms (as shown in Figure 2)Maximum AllowableWorking Pressure (MAWP)3, 4(ST700 products are rated to Maximum Allowable Working Pressure. MAWP depends on Approval Agency andtransmitter materials ofconstruction.)STG735: 50 psi (3.5 bar) STG73S: 50 psi (3.5 bar ) STG745: 500 psi (35 bar) STG74S: 500 psi (35 bar ) STG775: 3000 psi (210 bar ) STG77S: 3000 psi (210 bar ) STG78S: 6000 psi (420 bar ) STG79S: 10000 psi (690 bar )LCD Display operating temperature -20︒C to +70︒C Storage temperature -30︒C to 80︒C.2 Short term equals 2 hours at 70︒C (158︒F).3 Units can withstand overpressure of 1.5 x MAWP without damage.4Consult the factory for MAWP of ST 700 transmitters with CRN approval.5 Silicone minimum temperature rating is -40︒C (-40︒F). CTFE minimum temperature rating is -30︒C (-22︒F).Figure 2 - Supply voltage and loop resistance chart & calculationsSTG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter 52 Hastelloy® C-276 or UNS N102764 Supplied as 316 SS or as Grade CF8M, the casting equivalent of 316 SS.5 Carbon Steel heads are zinc-plated and not recommended for water service due to hydrogen migration. For that service, use 316stainless steel wetted Process Heads.6 Hastelloy® C-276 or UNS N10276. Supplied as indicated or as Grade CW12MW, the casting equivalent of Hastelloy® C-2766 STG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter Communications Protocols & DiagnosticsHART ProtocolVersion:HART 7Power SupplyVoltage: 10.8 to 42.4Vdc at terminalsLoad: Maximum 1440 ohms See Figure 2.Minimum Load: 0 ohms. (For handheld communications aminimum load of 250 ohms is required)Standard DiagnosticsST 700 top level diagnostics are reported as either criticalor non-critical and readable via the DD/DTM tools orintegral display as shown.Non-Critical DiagnosticsRefer to ST 700 manuals for additional level diagnosticinformation.STG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter 78 STG700 Smart Pressure TransmitterSTG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter 910 STG700 Smart Pressure TransmitterSTG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter 11 Notes:1.Operating Parameters:Voltage= 11 to 42 V DC Current= 4-20 mA Normal2.Intrinsically Safe Entity Parametersa. Analog/ DE/ HART Entity Values:Vmax= Ui = 30V Imax= Ii= 105mA Ci = 4.2nF Li =984 uH Pi =0.9WTransmitter with Terminal Block Revision E or LaterVmax= Ui = 30V Imax= Ii= 225mA Ci = 4.2nF Li = 0 Pi =0.9WNote : Transmitter with Terminal Block Revision E or laterThe revision is on the label that is on the module. There will be two lines of text on the label:∙First is the Module Part #: 50049839-001 or 50049839-002∙Second line has the supplier information, along with the REVISION:XXXXXXX-EXXXX, THE “X” is production related, THE POSITION of the “E” IS THE REVISION.Other Certification OptionsMaterialso NACE MRO175, MRO103, ISO1515612 STG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter Mounting & Dimensional DrawingsReference Dimensions:millimetersinchesMounting Configurations: (Dual head design)Dimensions: (Dual head design)Figure 3 – Typical mounting dimensions of STG735, STG745 & STG775 for reference R efer to the User’s manual (34-ST-25-44) for full details on mounting and installation.STG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter 13Reference Dimensions:millimetersinchesMounting Configurations (Inline Designs)Dimension (Inline Design)Figure 4 – Typical mounting dimensions of STG74S, STG77S, STG78S, & STG79S for reference R efer to the User’s manual (34-ST-25-44) for full details on mounting and installation.14 STG700 Smart Pressure TransmitterModel STG700Gauge Pressure TransmittersModel Selection Guide1a STG735,745,775 supplied via 1/2" flange adapter same material as process head except carbon steel shall use 316 SS 1bReference head available w ith Dual Head Gage models only. In-Line Gage models are supplied w ith Process Head only.Except Carbon Steel Heads shall use 316SS Vent/Drain & Plugs and or 1/2" adaptersModel Selection GuideModel Selection Guides are subject to change and are inserted into the specifications as guidance only.STG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter 15REVERSED 90°/STANDARD SELECTION 2 SELECTION 3STG79SSTG77S, STG78SSTG73S,STG74SSTG775STG735,STG745HH HTABLE IIMeter Body & Connection OrientationStandardHigh Side Left, Ref Side Right 2 / Std Head Orientation1*****ReversedRef Side Left, High Side Right22**90/StandardHigh Side Left, Ref Side Right 2 / 900 Head Rotation 3h hTABLE III 0*****A*****B****p C *****D *****E *****F *****G *****I *****J *****K*****TABLE IV ConnectionLightning Protection1/2 NPT None A _ _*****M20None B _ _*****1/2 NPT Yes C _ _*****M20Yes D _ _*****1/2 NPT None E _ _*****M20None F _ _*****1/2 NPT Yes G _ _*****M20YesH _ _*****_ H _*****IndicatorLanguagesNone None _ _ 0*****NoneNone _ _ A *****Standard(w/Internal Zero,Span&Configbuttons)EN, RU_ _ S*****Standard(w/Internal Zero,Span&Configbuttons)EN, RU_ _ T*****TABLE V1 _ _*****Write ProtectFail Mode Disabled High> 21.0mAdc Honeywell Std (3.8 - 20.8 mAdc)_ 1 _*****Disabled Low< 3.6mAdc Honeywell Std (3.8 - 20.8 mAdc)_ 2 _*****EnabledHigh> 21.0mAdc Honeywell Std (3.8 - 20.8 mAdc)_ 3 _*****Enabled Low< 3.6mAdc Honeywell Std (3.8 - 20.8 mAdc)_ 4 _*****Factory Standard_ _ S *****Custom Configuration (Unit Data Required from customer)_ _ C*****2 Left side/Right side as view ed from the customer connection perspective3 NAMUR Output Limits are configurable by customer 4P rocess connections w ill vary on In-Line ModelsSELECTION 14STANDARD Head/ConnectOrientationAGENCY APPROVALSNo Approvals RequiredApprovalsCCoE Explosion proof, Intrinsically Safe & Non-incendive UATR Flameproof, Intrinsically Safe & DustproofIECEx Explosion proof, Intrinsically Safe & Non-incendive <FM> Explosion proof, Intrinsically Safe, Non-incendive, & Dustproof CSA Explosion proof, Intrinsically Safe, Non-incendive, & Dustproof ATEX Explosion proof, Intrinsically Safe & Non-incendive SAEx Explosion proof, Intrinsically Safe & Non-incendive INMETRO Explosion proof, Intrinsically Safe & Non-incendive NEPSI Explosion proof, Intrinsically Safe & Non-incendiveEAC-Customs Union(Russia,Belarus and Kazakhstan)EX Approval Flameproof,Intrinsically Safe TRANSMITTER ELECTRONICS SELECTIONSa. Electronic Housing Material & Connection TypeMaterialPolyester Powder Coated Aluminum Polyester Powder Coated Aluminum Polyester Powder Coated Aluminum Polyester Powder Coated Aluminum 316 Stainless Steel (Grade CF8M)316 Stainless Steel (Grade CF8M)316 Stainless Steel (Grade CF8M)316 Stainless Steel (Grade CF8M)b. Output/ ProtocolAnalog OutputDigital Protocol4-20mA dcHART Protocolc. Customer Interface SelectionsE xt Zero,Span & Config ButtonsNoneYes (Zero/Span Only)NoneYesCONFIGURATION SELECTIONSa. Application Software DiagnosticsStandard Diagnosticsb. Output Limit, Failsafe & Write Protect Settings High & Low Output Limits3General Configurationc. General Configuration16 STG700 Smart Pressure Transmitter⁵The PM option is available on all Smartline Pressure Transmitter process wetted parts such as process heads, flanges, bushings and ventplugs except plated carbon steel process heads and flanges. PM option information is also available on diaphragms except STG and STA in-line construction pressure transmitters.For more informationTo learn more about SmartLine Transmitters, visit Or contact your Honeywell Account ManagerProcess Solutions Honeywell1250 W Sam Houston Pkwy S Houston, TX 77042Honeywell Control Systems LtdHoneywell House, Skimped Hill Lane Bracknell, England, RG12 1EB34-ST-03-122 Jan 20212021 Honeywell International Inc.Shanghai City Centre, 100 Jungi Road Shanghai, China 20061Sales and ServiceFor application assistance, current specifications, ordering, pricing, and name of the nearest Authorized Distributor, contact one of the offices below.ASIA PACIFICHoneywell Process Solutions, Phone: + 800 12026455 or +44 (0) 1202645583 (TAC) hfs-tac-*********************AustraliaHoneywell LimitedPhone: +(61) 7-3846 1255 FAX: +(61) 7-3840 6481 Toll Free 1300-36-39-36 Toll Free Fax: 1300-36-04-70China – PRC - Shanghai Honeywell China Inc.Phone: (86-21) 5257-4568 Fax: (86-21) 6237-2826SingaporeHoneywell Pte Ltd.Phone: +(65) 6580 3278 Fax: +(65) 6445-3033South KoreaHoneywell Korea Co Ltd Phone: +(822) 799 6114 Fax: +(822) 792 9015EMEAHoneywell Process Solutions, Phone: + 800 12026455 or +44 (0) 1202645583Email: (Sales)*************************** or (TAC)*****************************WebKnowledge Base search engine http://bit.ly/2N5VldiAMERICASHoneywell Process Solutions, Phone: (TAC) (800) 423-9883 or (215) 641-3610(Sales) 1-800-343-0228Email: (Sales)*************************** or (TAC)*****************************WebKnowledge Base search engine http://bit.ly/2N5VldiSpecifications are subject to change without notice.。

表皮葡萄球菌icaA和icaD基因表达及其与黏质物形成的关系

购于英国ＯＯＤ公司，ＸＩ产黏质物的质控菌株表皮葡萄
球菌Ａｒ３９４（２：（５８ＩＡ）和非产黏质物的质控菌株６表皮葡萄球菌ＡＣ；２２，Ｔ￣１２８购于美国
二、方法
公司。
ＬａｅｎｎｓＭａｄ１３：ＤＩ２０一００ＤＮＡｍｏｅｕｌｒｓｚｒｅ；Ｌａｅ１ｌｃａｉｅｍａｋｒｎ１０：ｉａＰｃＡＣＲｅｕｌｓｒｓｔ；Ｌａｅ１ｎＩ：ｎｇｔｖｏｔｏ；Ｌａｅ１ｅａｉｅｃｎｒｌｎ２；ｐｓｔｖｏｉｉｅｃｎｔｏ；Ｌａｅ１ — ３：ｉａＤｏｒｌｎ２４ｃＰＣＲｅｕｔ．ｒｓｌｓ
．
ｐｏｕｔｎｗａｄｎｉｉｄｉ１９ｒｄｃｉｓｉｅｔｆｎ４．（６６ｏｅ２／２）ｏｈｔａｎ．Ｇｅｅｉａａｄｉａｗｅｅｅｐｅｓｄｉ２（４）ａｄ９ｆｔｅｓｒｉｓｎｃＡｎｃＤｒｘｒｓｅｎ２８．６ｎ１
（）菌株来源一
２００９年９月～２１００年１２月，
２００；微３０１
我院ＩＵ非重复分离的６Ｃ２株表皮葡萄球菌，中其
来源于血液１６株、气管分泌物３３株、深静脉导管６
株、引流液３株、液和伤口分泌物各２株。分别明尿确诊断为菌血症、部感染、肺导管相关性感染、症重
（）一刚果红法检测黏质物

一株野鸟源H16N3亚型禽流感病毒的遗传进化分析与感染能力评估

中国病原生物学杂志2020年12月第15卷第12期•1370•Journal of Pathogen Biology Dec.2020,Vol.15.No.121）01:10.13350/j.cjpb.201202•论著•一株野鸟源H16N3亚型禽流感病毒的遗传进化分析与感染能力评估*孙雷云李元果张醒海….赵梦琳；.胡鑫宇；.王铁成‘，孙伟洋'，冯娜:赵永坤杨松涛夏成柱「，孟德荣‘.高玉伟心…（1•占林农业大学动物科学技术学院，吉林长春130118；2.军事医学研究院军事兽医研究所；3.吉林大学；4.沧州师范学院〉目的了解H16N3亚型禽流感病毒的遗传进化特征及其化物学特性，为野鸟源禽流感病毒预警提供科学依据。

方法采集途径我国中东部地区重要候鸟栖息地的野鸟粪便样品.经处理后接种SPF鸡胚.获得具有血液凝集特性病原体.经全底因测序确定病毒亚型。

选取H16亚型流感病毒构建系统发育树并进行分子特性分析。

检测病毒受体结合特性.并进行小鼠和家禽感染试验.评价该病毒对哺乳动物和家禽的致病性。

结果分离到1株病原体（CZ-638）,经全基因组测疗;及电镜观察.确定为H16N3W：型禽流感病毒。

在系统发育树种，该带株位于欧亚谱系分支。

氨基酸位点分析显示.HA蛋白裂解位点为INERl GI.F.符合低致病性禽流感病毒分子特征.受体结合域的228位点由G （It氨酸）突变为S"纟訊酸）。

该病毒株能够凝集绵羊红细胞、正常鸡红细胞及仅有SA«2,6受体的鸡红细胞.表明该毒株具有双受体结合能力。

动物感染试验显示.该毒株对小鼠、1周龄雏鸡、亚成体家鸭均不具有感染力。

结论分离的H16N3毒株为欧亚谱系.对小鼠和家禽无致病性。

该毒株存在结合人1:呼吸道流感病毒受体的能力.但尚未获得感染家禽和哺乳动物的能力•应持续监测.追踪病毒进化待征°关键词】禽流感病馭H16N3；遗传进化；致病性；受体结合待性；感染能力中图分类号】S852.65【文献标识码】【文章编号】1673-5234(2020)12-1370-07[Journal of Pathogen Biology.2020Dec；15(12):1370—1376.]A genetic evolutionary analysis and an evaluation of the infectivity of avian influenza H16N3isolated fromwild birds in ChinaSUN Lei-yun1'・LI Yuan-guo,ZHANG Xing-hai2',ZHAO Meng-lin・HU Xin—yu,WANG Tie-cheng J,SUN Wei-yang・FENG Na2・ZHAO Yong-kun~・YANG Song-tao2•XIA Xian-zhu2,MENG De~R o n g1,GAO Y u-wei~(1.College of Alli mal Science and Technology・Jilin Agricultural University»Changchun9China130118； 2.Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine.Academy of Military Medical Science； 3.J ilin University; 4.Can^zhou Normal University)Objectives To ascertain the genetic evolutionary characteristics and biological characteristics of the H16N3 subtype of the avian influenza virus in order to provide a scientific basis for early warning of avian influenza virus from wild birds.Methods Fecal samples from wild birds in major migratory bird habitats in central and eastern China were collected and inoculated into SPF chicken embryos after treatment to obtain pathogens with blood agglutination characteristics.and the virus subtypes were determined using whole gene sequencing.A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the H16subtype of the influenza virus.and the subtypes were characterized molecularly.The receptor binding characteristics of the virus were determined and infection tests were conducted in mice and poultry to evaluate the pathogenicity of the virus to mammals and poultry.Results One strain of pathogen(CZ-638)was isolated and identified as avian influenza virus subtype H16N3according to whole genome sequencing and electron microscopy.In the phylogenetic tree・the strain was located in the Eurasian lineage branch.An analysis of amino acid sites indicated that an HA protein cleavage site was INER J GLF.which was in line with the molecular characteristics of the low pathogenic avian influenza virus.Amino acid 228of the receptor binding domain mutated from G(glycine)to S(serine).This strain agglutinated sheep red blood cells・normal chicken red blood cells,and chicken red blood cells with the SAa2,6receptor alone・indicating that this vi-【基金项目】【通讯作者】【作者简介】国家科技重大专项（No.2O2OZX1OOO1-O16-OO3）；国家自然科学基金项目（No.31970502）。

欧洲药典7.5版

EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.5
INDEX
To aid users the index includes a reference to the supplement in which the latest version of a text can be found. For example : Amikacin sulfate...............................................7.5-4579 means the monograph Amikacin sulfate can be found on page 4579 of Supplement 7.5. Note that where no reference to a supplement is made, the text can be found in the principal volume.
English index ........................................................................ 4707
Latin index ................................................................................. 4739
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPபைடு நூலகம்EIA 7.5
Index
Numerics 1. General notices ................................................................... 7.5-4453 2.1.1. Droppers...................

引用次数最多的100篇SCI文章

Rank Authors1Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J.2Laemmli, U. K.3Bradford, M. M.4Sanger. F., Nicklen, S. & Couslon, A. R.5Chomczynski, P. & Sacchi, N.6Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. & Gordon, J.7Lee. C., Yang, W. & Parr, R. G.8Becke, A. D.9Folch, J., Lees, M. & Stanley, G. H. S.10Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J11Kaplan, E. L. & Meier, P.12Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D.13Sheldrick, G. M.14Altschul, S. F. et al.15Murashige, T. & Skoog, F.16Perdew, J. P., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M.17Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. & McHugh, P. R.18Bligh, E. G. & Dyer, W. J.19Southern, E. M.20Saitou, N. & Nei, M.21Livak, K. J. & Schmittgen, T. D.22Shannon, R. D.23Otwinowski, Z. & Minor, W.24Cox, D. R.25Becke, A. D.26DuBois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A. & Smith27Reynolds, E. S.28Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & H 29Bland, J. M. & Altman, D. G.30Weber, K. & Osborn, M.31Chirgwin, J. M., Przybyla, A. E., MacDonald, R. J. & Rutter, W.32Scatchard, G.33Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A.34Kohn, W. & Sham, L. J.35Mosmann, T.36Iijima, S.37Fiske, C. H. & Subbarow, Y38Davis, B. J.39Hohenberg, P. & Kohn, W.40Feinberg, A. P. & Vogelstein, B.41Felsenstein, J.42Grynkiewicz, G., Poenie, M. & Tsien, R. Y.43Kresse, G. & Furthmüller, J.44O’Farrell, P. H.45Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. & Kumar, S.46Zadeh, L. A.47Sheldrick. G. M.48McKhann, G. et al.49Monkhorst, H. J. & Pack, J. D50Burton, K.51Radloff, L. S.52Hamill, O. P., Marty, A., Neher, E., Sakmann, B. & Sigworth, F. 53Hamilton, M.54Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelsohn, M., Mock, J. & Erbaugh, 55Kyte, J. & Doolittle, R. F.56Gornall, A. G., Bardawill, C. J. & David, M. M.57Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M. & Rubin, D. B.58Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., Rosenbluth, M. N., Teller, A. 59Benjamini, Y. & Hochberg, Y.60Smith, P. K. et al.61Oldfield, R. C.62Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I. & Fredrickson, D. S.63Saiki, R. K. et al.64Duncan, D. 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H., Wilk, L. & Nusair, M.97Köhler, G. & Milstein, C.98Matthews, D. R. et al.99Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H. & Teller, E.100Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J. P.101Ross, R.Numbers from Thomson Reuters; extracted 7 October 2014TitleProtein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of mi DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidini Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamid Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy f Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of ex A simple method for the isolation and purification of to Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive mu Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observation Basic local alignment search tool.A short history of SHELX.Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation o A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with Generalized gradient approximation made simple. "Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading co A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purificatio Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragment The neighbor-joining method: A new method for recon Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-tim Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatom Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mod Regression models and life-tables.Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and re Use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in elec The CLUSTAL_X Windows interface: Flexible strateg Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two method Reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfat Isolation of biologically-active ribonucleic-acid from so The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions.The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psycholog Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation eff Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival — app Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon.The colorimetric determination of phosphorus.Disc electrophoresis — II. Method and application to human se Inhomogeneous electron gas.A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fra Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootst A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly impr Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations High-resolution 2-dimensional electrophoresis of prote MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (M Fuzzy sets.Phase annealing in SHELX-90: direct methods for larg Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Report of the NINCD Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations.Study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine re The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for res Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution c A rating scale for depression.An inventory for measuring depression.A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a p Determination of serum proteins by means of the biure Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via EM algorithm. Equation of state calculations by fast computing machi Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and pow Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid.The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinbu Estimation of concentration of low-density lipoprotein Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermo Multiple range and multiple F tests.Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films.Tissue sulfhydryl groups.Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blo The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Crystallography & NMR system: a new software suite Gaussian-basis sets for use in correlated molecular calculations. PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical q The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Concept A new look at statistical-model identification.Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains A comprehensive set of sequence-analysis programs for the vax. 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