主谓一致基础讲解
(完整版)主谓一致详解超详细
(完整版)主谓一致详解超详细1、形式一致主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式2、语意一致谓语动词用单数的清况1)当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时,把这些复数名词看作一个整体。
谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test.Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名,谓语动词用单数以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式。
当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式。
这类单词有:economics经济学electronics电子学physics物理学politics政治学mathematics数学statistics统计学Roots was a novel about a slave family.His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend.Politics is his favorite subject.Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce.Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn.3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如:machinery(机械),clothing(衣服),luggage(行李),furniture(家具),equipment(设备),jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
主谓一致-讲解++练习(全)
主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1、语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student。
汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2、意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now。
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book。
这本书20美元太贵了。
3、就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk。
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型1、单数名词(代词)/不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground。
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2、“a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但“many a+名词”作主语,意义虽为“许多",但谓语要用单数形式.Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
主谓一致的规则及例句分析
主谓一致的规则及例句分析主谓一致是英语语法中一个重要的准则。
它要求主语和谓语在人称和数方面保持一致。
具体而言,当主语是单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式;而当主语是复数时,则应使用复数形式。
本文将对主谓一致的规则进行详细讲解,并通过例句来进一步分析。
一、基本规则主谓一致的基本规则是,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:1. She likes to read books.(她喜欢读书。
)2. He goes to school every day.(他每天去上学。
)3. The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。
)另外,当主语为第一人称(I)、第二人称(you)或复数形式时,谓语动词也要保持一致。
例如:1. We are going to the park.(我们要去公园。
)2. You need to study harder.(你需要更加努力学习。
)3. They enjoy listening to music.(他们喜欢听音乐。
)二、特殊情况在某些特殊情况下,主谓一致的规则可能会有所变化。
下面将介绍其中几种常见的情况。
1. 带有复数意义的名词:有些名词本身是复数形式,但表示一个整体概念时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
例如:The United States is a developed country.(美国是一个发达国家。
)My glasses need cleaning.(我的眼镜需要清洗。
)2. 连接词and:当连词and连接两个主语时,如果主语是同一个人或物,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果主语是不同的人或物,则谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Tom and Jerry is a famous cartoon.(汤姆和杰里是一部著名的卡通片。
)My father and I are going to the movies.(我爸爸和我要去看电影。
)3. 具有共同身份的单数名词:一些单数名词,尽管在形式上是单数,但表示一类事物时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。
英语主谓一致十大总结(一)
前言在英语语法中,主谓一致是一个非常基础但又非常重要的知识点。
不管是在写作还是口语表达中,都需要正确使用主谓一致规则,以确保句子的表达清晰、准确。
下面将对英语主谓一致十大总结进行详细阐述。
一、基本规则主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
当主语是单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式;当主语是复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
二、特殊情况1. 连接词“and”连接的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
2. 连接词“or”、“nor”连接的主语,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。
3. 当主语是“every”、“each”、“either”、“neither”等词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
4. 当主语是不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
三、独立主格当主语是“there”时,谓语动词要与后面的真正主语保持一致。
四、定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致要与先行词保持一致。
五、数量词作主语当数量词作主语时,谓语动词取决于其后面的名词。
六、反身代词反身代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式要根据反身代词的人称和数来确定。
七、以复数形式结尾的词作主语以复数形式结尾的词作主语时,谓语动词使用复数形式。
八、主语是集体名词集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于说话者对集体名词的看法。
九、there is/there are结构“there is/there are”结构中的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。
十、句子的倒装在倒装句中,谓语动词要与主语保持一致。
结尾通过以上总结,我们可以清晰地了解了英语主谓一致的基本规则和特殊情况。
在日常的写作和交流中,只有熟练掌握这些规则,才能在表达时避免语法错误,使我们的表达更加准确和通顺。
希望大家在学习英语的过程中多加注意主谓一致的使用,提高自己的语言表达能力。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义:主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能:确保句子语法正确,意义清晰。
●主谓关系:主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系,这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“either...or...”结构中,根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时,需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时,需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时,需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时,谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题:提供一些练习题,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析:对练习题进行详细的答案解析,帮助学生理解自己的错误,并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结,强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性,并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
初中英语主谓一致规则总结
初中英语主谓一致规则总结1. 什么是主谓一致?主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
主语是句子中的主要名词或代词,谓语则是描述主语的动词。
2. 主谓一致的基本规则:2.1 单数主语 + 单数谓语动词例:Tom eats an apple.2.2 复数主语 + 复数谓语动词例:They eat apples.3. 特殊情况:3.1 以“each”, “every”, “either”或“neither”为主语时,谓语动词通常为单数形式。
例:Each girl has a book.3.2 由两个或多个名词作主语时,若这些名词表示同一事物,谓语动词通常为单数形式。
例:Bread and butter is my favorite snack.3.3 由当代艺术品名词、学科名词等作主语时,谓语动词通常为单数形式。
例:Mathematics is an interesting subject.4. 动词“be”在主谓一致中的应用:4.1 当主语是单数时,动词“be”也应该是单数形式。
例:She is a teacher.4.2 当主语是复数时,动词“be”也应该是复数形式。
例:They are students.5. 不确定的主语:当主语是不可数名词、不定代词或从句时,有时候会出现主谓一致的困惑。
这种情况下,需要根据上下文来判断谓语动词应该采用单数还是复数形式。
6. 总结:在英语中,主谓一致是一个基本的语法原则。
遵循这些规则,能够使句子更加准确、流畅和易于理解。
通过研究和练,我们可以更好地掌握主谓一致的用法。
以上就是初中英语主谓一致规则的总结。
主谓一致语法总结
主谓一致语法总结主谓一致是指中文句子中的主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致的语法规则。
即当主语为单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式;当主语为复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
主谓一致是语言表达准确性和语法规范性的重要组成部分,能够帮助读者或听者更好地理解句子的意思。
下面对主谓一致语法进行详细总结。
一、主谓一致的基本规则1. 主谓一致的人称与数主谓一致在人称上要求主语和谓语动词在人称上保持一致。
一般来说,第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)和第三人称(he、she、it、they)的主语分别对应特定的谓语动词形式,要根据不同人称选择正确的动词形式。
例句1:I am a teacher.(我是一名教师。
)第一人称单数主语 "I"对应第一人称单数谓语动词 "am"。
例句2:They are students.(他们是学生。
)第三人称复数主语 "they"对应第三人称复数谓语动词 "are"。
2. 单数主谓一致单数主语要与单数谓语动词保持一致。
单数主语可以是单个名词、不可数名词或单数名词短语。
例句3:The cat is sleeping.(那只猫正在睡觉。
)单数主语 "the cat"对应单数谓语动词 "is"。
例句4:Mathematics is my favorite subject.(数学是我最喜欢的科目。
)单数主语 "Mathematics"对应单数谓语动词 "is"。
3. 复数主谓一致复数主语要与复数谓语动词保持一致。
复数主语可以是由两个或更多名词组成的名词短语,或者是复数名词。
例句5:The books are on the shelf.(书在书架上。
)复数主语 "The books"对应复数谓语动词 "are"。
主谓一致归纳讲解
主谓一致归纳讲解主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上要相同。
在英语语法中,主谓一致是英语中最基本的语法规则之一,也是英语语法中最基础的语法点之一。
主谓一致在句子中很重要,因为它可以决定一个句子的语法结构和意义。
一般来说,主谓一致的规则很简单,主语是单数形式时,谓语也要使用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语也要使用复数形式。
但是,在具体实践中,我们还需要注意一些更加细节的问题。
下面是主谓一致的一些常见归纳和讲解。
一、特殊情况当主语为集体名词时,主谓一致要看这个集体名词所表示的集体是否以整体作为主要意义,如果是以整体作为主要意义,那么谓语动词用单数形式;如果是以个体成员为主要意义,那么谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:1. The family is going to the park.(这个家庭打算去公园。
)3. The audience was very excited by the performance.(观众对表演非常兴奋。
)二、连接词导致的主谓一致问题在英语句子中,连接词和介词短语也会影响主谓一致性。
下面是一些常见的连接词以及它们在主谓一致中的作用。
1. Either…or…(要么…要么…)使用either…or…连接的两个词(或短语)都起到主语的作用,但它们中只有一个是实际的主语。
谓语动词的数应该与连接词后面的主语一致。
1. Either she or he is going to come to the party. (她或他中有一个人会来参加聚会。
)1. Neither the teacher nor the students are satisfied with the exam results.(老师和学生都对这次考试结果不满。
)3. Not only…but also…(不仅…而且…)三、主语和谓语之间的距离问题有时,主语和谓语之间有其他的词语,这可能会使人产生一些主谓一致的困惑。
1. There be 句型There be句型中的主语是there,其后紧跟着一个名词或名词短语。
英语中的主谓一致 详解
主谓一致1.语法一致原则用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致,就是语法一致。
也就是说,如果名词词组中心词是单数,动词用单数形式;如果名词词组中心词是复数,动词用复数形式。
如果一个不可数名词、一个动名词、一个不定式或一个从句作主语,谓语就用单数;如果两个不可数名词、两个动名词、两个不定式或两个从句作主语(不是指同一个事物),谓语就用复数。
1)主语中心词后面有表示“增、减、补充说明”的词组时,主谓一致仍看原中心词;A.表示增加的: as well as, with, along with, together with, in addition to, accompanied by, besides, plus等;The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.B.表示减去的: except, but(除去)等;All the students except Tom have been to America.C.表示补充说明的: including, rather than, like, such as等;The textbook, plus its reference books, is well designed.2)单个从句、动名词、不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数;两个或两个以上从句、动名词、不定式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但指同一事时,谓语动词用单数。
How close parents are to their children is a strong influence on the character of the children.When we are to hold the sports meet hasn’t been decided.When we go to Beijing and how we go to Beijing is up to you.Whether he succeeds or fails doesn’t matter.That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.Looking afer the children is my full time job.To die for the people is a worhy death.When and where to hold the meeting is unknown. Playing bakeball and swimming are his favorite sports.3) this kind of与名词+of this kind由a kind of,this kind of, many kinds of后跟名词作主语时,谓语要和kind保持一致。
英语语法---主谓一致
第一讲主谓一致“一致”(Concord 或Agreement)是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主要有主语与动词的一致,主语与补语的一致,限定词与名词中心词的一致,人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致,名词与名词或代词的一致。
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系,这又叫做“主——动一致”(Subject ——verb Concord)。
1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组),即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配,即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord),意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。
1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数,动词就用复数形式;如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词,动词就用单数形式。
例如:Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式,而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有时主语在语法形式上并非复数,但有复数意义,随后的动词就用复数;主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上可视为单数,随后的动词用单数。
例如:The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式,而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。
主谓一致最全面讲解
主谓一致最全面讲解主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
英语中动词be的变化形式最多,如I am,You are,He is,We are等。
主语I一定要用am的动词形式,这就叫“主谓一致”。
一、主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则(principle of grammatical concord)、意义一致原则(principle of notional concord)和就近一致原则(principle of proximity)。
A. 语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
B. 意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
1. 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多数小学老师都是女的。
2. 主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。
C. 就近一致就近一致是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。
基础语法讲义——主谓一致
第八章主谓一致一、定义主谓一致指的是句子的谓语受主语支配,谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式或人称的变化而变化。
二、主谓一致的三个原则英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
这三个原则发生冲突时,优先考虑逻辑意义一致原则。
1.语法一致主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致。
(1)以单数名词或代词、短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g.My dream school looks like a big garden. 我梦想中的学校看起来像一个大花园。
The picture on the wall was drawn by my daughter. 墙上那幅画是我女儿画的。
She likes the yellow dress. 她喜欢那件黄色的裙子。
To study well is not easy. 学习好不是一件容易的事。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳下读书对眼睛不好。
What he said is very important for us all. 他所说的对我们所有人都很重要。
(2)由连接词and或both ... and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
e.g.Lucy and Lily are twins. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎。
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 这个男孩和女孩对于他们听见的消息很震惊。
Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. 那家食品杂货店的面包和黄油都卖光了。
The poet and singer has come. 那位诗人兼歌唱家来了。
初中英语语法主谓一致
初中英语语法主谓一致主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要概念,指的是主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
正确的主谓一致能够使句子更加准确、通顺,增加文章的可读性。
本文将详细介绍初中英语语法中的主谓一致规则及其应用。
一、基本规则1. 单数主语的一致性:单数主语与单数谓语动词一致,即主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加上-s或-es。
例句:My brother goes to school every day.2. 复数主语的一致性:复数主语与复数谓语动词一致,即主语为第三人称复数时,谓语动词不加-s或-es。
例句:The students play soccer in the playground.3. 第一人称代词的一致性:第一人称代词(I和we)作为主语时,谓语动词不加任何变化。
例句:We live in a big city.二、特殊情况1. 连系动词的一致性:连系动词(be动词、seem、appear等)后的表语与前面的主语保持一致。
例句:She is my best friend.2. 复数名词作主语时,要注意其是否看作一个整体,进而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
例句:A pair of glasses is on the table.(看作一个整体)A pair of glasses are broken.(看作分开的两个镜片)3. 复合主语的一致性:多个并列主语连用时,谓语动词与离它最近的主语保持一致。
例句:My dad and I go shopping every weekend.三、注意事项1. 某些名词虽然以复数形式出现,但指的是单一事物,谓语动词应该用单数形式。
例句:Physics is my favorite subject.2. 集体名词既可以看作整体,也可以看作个体。
若看作整体,则谓语动词用单数形式;若看作个体,则谓语动词用复数形式。
例句:The team is practicing for the competition.(看作整体)The team are arguing with each other.(看作个体)3. 某些名词在作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式并没有固定规则,需要根据实际语义判断。
主谓一致的基本规则
主谓一致的基本规则主谓一致是语法中的基本规则之一,指主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。
在句子中,主语是执行动作或者被动作所作用的实体,而谓语则是描述主语所进行的动作或者状态。
正确的主谓一致能够使句子更加合乎逻辑、语法准确,使读者更容易理解句子的意思。
主谓一致的基本规则有以下几点:1. 一般情况下,单数主语与单数谓语动词相匹配,复数主语与复数谓语动词相匹配。
例如:- The cat is sleeping.(猫正在睡觉。
)- The cats are sleeping.(猫们正在睡觉。
)2. 当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加上-s或者-es。
例如:- He runs every morning.(他每天早上跑步。
)- She eats an apple.(她吃了一个苹果。
)3. 不定代词和短语作为主语时,需要根据其所指代的内容来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
例如:- Someone is calling you.(有人在给你打电话。
)- A group of students is studying English.(一群学生正在学习英语。
)4. 当主语由连接词and连接时,只有当两个主语均为单数时,谓语动词才为单数形式,其他情况下谓语动词为复数形式。
例如:- Tom and John are going to the park.(汤姆和约翰要去公园。
)- The dog and the cat is eating.(狗和猫正在吃东西。
)5. 在使用there is和there are结构时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于后面的主语。
例如:- There is a book on the table.(桌子上有一本书。
)- There are two cups on the table.(桌子上有两个杯子。
)总结来说,主谓一致是为了保持句子的语法规范和逻辑一致性,使读者更好地理解句子的意思。
在写作和口语表达中,我们需要遵循主谓一致的基本规则,以确保句子的正确性和可读性。
语言学中的主谓一致知识点
语言学中的主谓一致知识点在语言学中,主谓一致是一个重要的知识点。
它指的是主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上的一致关系。
主谓一致是语言表达中的基本规则,它对于语句的准确性和流畅性起着至关重要的作用。
本文将介绍主谓一致的基本概念、常见错误和正确运用技巧。
一、主谓一致的基本概念主谓一致是指句子中的主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上保持一致。
主谓一致是语法规则的基础,它使句子的结构更加合理,表达更加准确。
1. 人称一致:主语与谓语在人称上保持一致,即第一人称与第二人称使用单数谓语动词,而第三人称使用单数或复数谓语动词。
例如:- 我喜欢跳舞。
(第一人称单数)- 你们去吃饭吧。
(第二人称复数)- 他们是好朋友。
(第三人称复数)2. 数一致:主语与谓语在数上保持一致,即单数主语使用单数谓语动词,复数主语使用复数谓语动词。
例如:- 这本书很有趣。
(单数主语)- 这些书都很有趣。
(复数主语)3. 时态一致:主语与谓语在时态上保持一致,即主语所表示的动作或状态使用与之相对应的谓语时态。
例如:- 我每天锻炼身体。
(一般现在时)- 昨天他去了电影院。
(一般过去时)- 明天我将去旅行。
(一般将来时)二、常见错误在语言学中的主谓一致中,常见的错误包括人称、数和时态上的不一致。
以下是一些常见的错误案例:1. 人称不一致:- 他们喜欢吃苹果。
← 错误- 他们喜欢吃苹果。
← 正确2. 数不一致:- 这只狗喜欢追逐球。
← 错误- 这只狗喜欢追逐球。
← 正确3. 时态不一致:- 明天我去了北京旅行。
← 错误- 明天我将去北京旅行。
← 正确三、正确运用技巧为了正确运用主谓一致,我们可以注意以下几点技巧:1. 确定主语:准确理解句子的主语,判断主语是单数还是复数,并确定其是否与谓语一致。
2. 注意人称:判断句子中的人称,根据人称的不同,选择正确的谓语动词形式。
3. 时态对应:根据句子所表达的动作或状态,选择合适的谓语时态。
4. 注意特殊情况:有些名词形式与其概念相关,而不是与其实际意义相关。
小升初英语主谓一致
小升初英语主谓一致主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)是英语语法中的一项重要规则,它要求句子中的主语与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。
这项规则在小升初英语考试中占据着重要的地位,对学生来说是一项必备的基础知识。
本文将详细介绍主谓一致的基本规则以及在不同情况下的应用。
1. 单数主语与单数谓语动词的一致当句子的主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也必须使用单数形式。
例如:- My brother is a doctor.- The dog barks loudly.2. 复数主语与复数谓语动词的一致当句子的主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也必须使用复数形式。
例如:- The students are studying in the classroom.- Their parents work hard every day.3. 连接词and连接多个主语时的一致当句子中有多个主语,使用连接词and连接时,谓语动词必须使用复数形式。
例如:- Tom and Jerry are good friends.- Playing basketball and football are his hobbies.4. 连接词or连接多个主语时的一致当句子中有多个主语,使用连接词or连接时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
例如:- Either the cat or the dogs are making noise.- Neither the flowers nor the tree is beautiful.5. 连接词either...or与neither...nor连接多个主语时的一致当句子中有多个主语,使用连接词either...or或neither...nor连接时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
例如:- Neither Tom nor his friends are coming to the party.- Either the cake or the cookies are delicious.6. 含有there be句型时的一致当句子采用there be结构时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与后面的主语保持一致。
主谓一致的讲解最全面的主谓一致的讲解
主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较:the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe.注意:指同一个人或物时,并列主语前只用一个冠词,指不同的需要分别加冠词,但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients.Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意:many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法规制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时由either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时,谓语动词陈述句中就近原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1)学科名词: physics 物理mathematics/maths 数学economics 经济学politics政治学新闻; news体操:GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意:当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确,答案就是56The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语means方式方法aircraft 飞机works 工厂crossroads十字路口deer 鹿sheep 羊fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3)由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子compasses 圆规glasses眼镜gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤pants裤子scissors剪子shoes鞋子shorts短裤socks短袜trousers裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词(a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等)修饰时,单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较:Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1)非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语,表达一个概念谓语用单数,表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有:miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式,有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词+ 谓语动词单数复数都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truthNeither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of + 名词,some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数+ of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数分数/百分数+ of + 单数名词/单数代词谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数More + 复数名词+ than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语,指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of a sort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now.Machines of this kind are made in Wuhan。
主谓一致的基本规则及常见例子
主谓一致的基本规则及常见例子主谓一致是指主语在人称和数上与谓语动词保持一致。
主谓一致在语法中起到重要的作用,它决定了句子的正确性和语言的表达清晰度。
本文将介绍主谓一致的基本规则,并给出常见的例子以帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、一般现在时中的主谓一致在一般现在时中,主语与谓语动词需要保持一致。
当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式。
例如:1. He goes to school by bus every day.(第三人称单数主语)2. They go to school by bus every day.(非第三人称单数主语)在第一个句子中,主语"He"是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词"go"也使用了第三人称单数形式"goes"。
而在第二个句子中,主语"They"是非第三人称单数,所以谓语动词"go"保持了原始形式。
二、存在助动词的句子中的主谓一致当句子中存在助动词时,主语与助动词的词形要保持一致。
例如:1. She is reading a book.(动词“be”+现在分词)2. They are reading books.(动词“be”+现在分词)在第一个句子中,主语“She”是第三人称单数,所以助动词“is”也使用了第三人称单数形式。
而在第二个句子中,主语“They”是非第三人称单数,所以助动词“are”保持了原始形式。
三、特殊情况下的主谓一致1. 连接词“either...or...”或“neither...nor...”连接两个主语时,谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
例如:Neither John nor his friends are going to the party.(“neither...nor...”连接两个主语,谓语动词与靠近的主语"friends"保持一致)2. 当主语为复数形式,但表示整体单一概念时,谓语动词要使用单数形式。
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主谓一致一定义谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称、数上保持一致,叫主谓一致。
处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则:1,语法一致2,意义一致3,就近一致二用法(一)语法一致:谓语和主语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数,谓语也为复数形式。
A谓语用单数的情况1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时。
The boy is clever enough to study maths well.To work hard is necessary.Reading aloud is very important in leaning a foreign language.Whether she comes or not is of no matter.2、由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时,其谓语要用单数形式。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education.No teacher and no student is going to take part in such a boring game.3、主语是单数,其后尽管有as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等起连接作用的词语带其他名词,谓语动词仍用单数。
The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.4、某些不定代词,如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, every body, every one, everything, nobody, no one, nothing.等,当它们作主语时,通常用单数。
5、many a +单名,谓语用单数。
Many a student is coming.6、the number of+复数名词,谓语用单数,中心词是number。
a number of +复数名词,谓语用复数。
B谓语用复数的情况7、主语为复数,谓语用复数。
They are doing their homework now.8、用and或both… and连接并列主语时,谓语用复数。
He and I are classmates when we were at college.Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.但是:并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念其谓语要用单数形式,这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。
In this hotel, the bread and butter (= the bread with butter on it) is served for breakfast. The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.(二)、意义一致:从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题,即主语形式为单数,意义为复数。
谓语依意义而定用复数,反之,主语形式为复数,意义为单数,谓语用单数。
A谓语用单数的情况1、表时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看时,谓语动词用单数Fifty years is not a long time.One hundred kilometers is a good distance.Four hundred dollars is more than she can afford.Five pounds is quite enough.2、以ics结尾的学科名称,如mathematics, physics, politics, news, works等都属形复意单名词,谓语用单数。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.The glass works was rebuilt in 1959.3、用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等复数名词作主谓时,谓语用单数。
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story book.The United States is a capitalist country.B谓语用复数的情况:4、一些只有复数形式的名词如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales, glasses等,它们作主语时,谓语要用复数。
The scales are mine.My trousers are being washed.但:如果成双的东西前有a pair of来修饰时,谓语要用单数。
This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.5、表总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, people(人们、人民)作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The police have not made any arrests.People are talking about the news.6、以定冠词the + adj(或分词形式的adj.)作主语时,如果指的是一类人,谓语用复数。
The English speak English.The rich are not always happy.C、单复数依情况而定:有些集合名词,如family, team, group, crowd, crew, class, audience, government, company, committee等作主语时,如果看作一个整体用单数,如果就其中的一个成员而言,用复数。
family:My family is a big family. /My family are watching TV.population:The population of the earth is increasing very fast.What is the population of China?One third of the population here are workers.三、就近一致有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、在正式文体中,用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not only…but also等连接并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。
What he does or what he says does not concern me.Either he or I know the truth.He didn’t say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted.Not only he but also you are wrong.2、在倒装句中,谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。
Where is your mother and younger sisters?There is a notebook, a pen and some books on the desk.知识要点:在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
如何判定,则要看句子的意思。
多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。
下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:1)The book is on the table.2)He is reading English.3)To work hard is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)4)How you get there is a problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。
如:Children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。
如以here,there开头,be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。
如:1)There is a dog near the door.2)There were no schools in this area before liberation.3)Here comes the bus.4)On the wall were two famous paintings.5)Here is Mr Brown and his children.4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语,谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。
如:1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2)He and my father work in the same factory.3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6)Every picture except these two has been sold.7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词。