词汇语法简明教程答案(第二部分)

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词汇语法复习练习答案2

词汇语法复习练习答案2一词汇练习Test 3答案：1.D2.C3.D4.C5.C6.C7.C8.A9.D 10.A 11.A 12.D13.A 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.C 21.D 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.A 26.B 27.C 28.D 29.B 30.C 31.B 32.A 33.C 34.C 35.A 36.C 37.A 39.D 40.D 41.B 43.A 44.C 45.C 46.A 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A答案:1.C2.C3.C4.A5.B6.C7.A8.C9.D 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.B 21.C 22.D 23.C 24.D 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.A 31.D 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.C 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.B 40.C 41.D 42.C 43.A 44.D 45.D 46.C 47.A 48.D 49.C 50.A二时态翻译1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church(考点：将来完成时)2) the children had fallen asleep(考点：过去完成时)3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside(考点：将来进行时)4) have been revising my resume all the morning(考点：现在完成进行时)5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday(考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了)6) He has been in the army for 5 years(考点：1. 现在完成时;2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间)三惯用-名词的造句1. all+抽象名词/抽象名词+itself=very+形容词a. 我全神贯注地听着。

词汇语法简明教程答案(第一部分)

朗阁雅思词汇语法简明教程答案
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一、核心词汇翻译 1. 同情心 2. 具有欺骗性的 3. 培养 4. 诋毁名誉 5. 电子犯罪 6. 伦理的 7. 伦理道德 8. 安乐死
第七单元定语从句
9. 宽容的 10. 诈骗 11. 诚信 12. 监护人 13. 英雄崇拜主义 14. 虐待 15. 慈悲心 16. 误导性的
35. 传统文化 36. 传统价值观 37. 发扬光大 38. 跨文化交流 39. 文化多样性 40. 国家和睦 41. 皮影戏 42. 濒危语言 43. 处于濒危边缘 44. 灭绝 45. 珍视 46. 文物 47. 适应 48. 使与…结合 49. 唯一的，独特的 50. 文化冲突
二、将括号里的疑问句变成名词从句。本练习可随堂口头进行，答案略。
4. devastating
9. chronic
5. insoluble
10. taxing
四、选词填空 1. fumes 2. alternative 3. eco-friendly 4. solar 5. emit 判断 1. TRUE 2. TRUE 3. FALSE
6. greenhouse gases 7. converting 8. plant 9. fuel 10. engine
朗阁雅思词汇语法简明教程练习参考答案
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朗阁雅思词汇语法简明教程练习参考答案
朗阁海外考试研究中心朗阁（上海）培训中心樊黎明 /fanliming
朗阁雅思词汇语法简明教程练习参考答案
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第一单元名词和冠词
课前诊断测试 I. 用框中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. challenges 2. advice 3. information 4. cakes

《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版课后习题答案chapter8

《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版课后习题答案chapter8Chapter 8 Language and Society1. How is language related to society?答：There are many indications of the inter-relationship between language and society. One of them is that while language is principally used to communicate meaning, it is also used to establish and maintain social relationships. This social function of language is embodied in the use of such utterances as “Good morning!”, “Hi!”, “How's your family?”, “Nice day today, isn't it?”.Another indication is that users of the same language in a sense all speak differently. The kind of language each of them chooses to use is in part determined by his social background. And language, in its turn, reveals information about its speaker. When we speak, we cannot avoid giving clues to our listeners about ourselves.Then to some extent, language, especially the structure of its lexicon, reflects both the physical and the social environments of a society. For example while there is only one word in English for “snow”, there are several in Eskimo. This is a reflection of the need for the Eskimos to make distinctions between various kinds of snow in their snowy living environment.As a social phenomenon language is closely related to the structure of the society in which it is used, and the evaluation of a linguistic form is entirely social. T o a linguist, all language forms and accents are equally good as far as they can fulfill the communicative functions they are expected to fulfill. Therefore, judgments concerning the correctness and purity of linguistic varieties are social rather than linguistic. A case in point is the useof the postvocalic [r]. While in English accents without postvocalic [r] are considered to be more correct than accents with it, in New York city, accents with postvocalic [r] enjoys more prestige and are considered more correct than without it.2. Explain with an example that the evaluation of language is social rather than linguistic.答：The evaluation of language is social rather than linguistic. This is because every language or language variety can express all ideas that its native speakers want to express. That is to say, language and language variety are equal in expressing meaning. For example, the much-prejudiced Black English can be used by the black people to communicate with each other without feeling any hindrance. But many other people think Black English is not pure English because it does not conform to their grammar and not adopted by educated people. As a result, many people feel shameful to use Black English. From this example we can know that the evaluation of language is social, not linguistic.3. What are the main social dialects discussed in this chapter? How do they jointly determine idiolect?答：The main social dialects discussed in this chapter are regional dialect, sociolect, gender and age. Idiolect is a personal dialect, of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. These factors jointly determine the way he/she talks. While the language system provides all its users with the same set of potentials, the realization of these potentials is individualized bya number of social factors, resulting in idiolects.4. In what sense is the standard dialect a special variety of language?答：First of all, the standard dialect is based on a selectedvariety of the language, usually it is the local speech of an area which is considered the nation's political and commercial center. Forexample, standard English developed out of the English dialects used in and around London as they were modified over the centuries by speakers in the court, by scholars from universities and writers. Gradually the English used by the upper classes in the capital city diverged markedly from the English used by other social groups and came to be regarded as the model for all those who wished to speak and write well.Second, the standard dialect is not dialect a child acquires naturally like his regional dialect. It is a superimposed variety; it is a variety imposed from above over the range of regional dialects. Some government agenc y writes grammar books and dictionaries to …fix? this variety and everyone agrees on what is correct usage of the language. So it has a widely accepted codified grammar and vocabulary. Once codification takes place, it is necessary for an ambitious citizen to learn to use the correct language and to avoid …incorrect? language. Therefore, the standard dialect is the variety which is taught and learnt in schools.Then the standard dialect has some special functions. Also designated as the official or national language of a country, the standard dialect is used for such official purposes as government documents, education, news reporting; it is the language used on any formal occasions.5. What is register as used by Halliday? Illustrate it with an example of your own.答：According to Halliday, “Language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.” The ty pe of languagewhich is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register. Halliday further distinguishes three social variables that determine the register: field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse.For example, a lecture on linguistics could be identified as Field: scientific (linguistic)Tenor: teacher — students (formal, polite)Mode: oral (academic lecturing)6. What linguistic features of Black English do you know? Do you think Black English is an illogical and inferior variety of English? Why (not)?答：(1) A prominent phonological feature of Black English is the simplification of consonant clusters at the end of a word. According to this consonant deletion rule, the final-position consonants are often deleted; thus “passed” is pronounced [pa:s], mend [m en], desk [des], and told [t??l].A syntactic feature of Black English that has often been cited to show its illogicality is the deletion of the link verb “be”. In Black English we frequently come across sentences without the copula verb: “They mine”, “You crazy”, “Her hands cold”, and “That house big”. In fact, copula verb deletion is not a unique feature of Black English; it is also found in some other dialects of English and in languages like Russian and Chinese. Another syntactic feature of Black English that has been the target of attack is the use of double negation constructions, e.g.(8 — 2) He don't know nothing. (He doesn't know anything.)(8 — 3) I ain't afraid of no ghosts. (I'm not afraid of ghosts.)Some people consider these sentences illogical because they claim that two negatives make a positive. But in fact such double negative constructions were found in all dialects of English of theearlier periods.(2) (略)7. What peculiar features docs pidgin have?答：Pidgins arose from a blending of several languages such as Chinese dialects and English, African dialects and French, African dialects and Portuguese. Usually a European language serves as the basis of the pidgin in the sense that some of its grammar and vocabulary is derived from the European language used by traders and missionaries in order to communicate with peoples whose languages they did not know.Pidgins typically have a limited vocabulary and a very reduced grammatical structure cha racterized by the loss of inflections, gender end case, The “simplified” variety performs its functions as trading and employment.8. How do bilingualism and diglossia differ, and what do they have in common?答：Bilingualism refers to the situation that in some speech communities, two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes. But instead of two different languages, in a diglossic situation two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play.The two languages of bilingualism and the two varieties of diglossia each has different role to play as situation changes.。

词汇语法练习答案

词汇语法练习答案一词汇练习Vocabulary test 11.B2.C3.A4.B5.D6.D7.A8.A9.B 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.C 21.A 22.A 23.B 24.A 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.D 29.B 30.A 31.A 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.D 39.A 40.C 41.B 42.C 43.A 44.C 45.D 46.A 47.C 48.A 49.B 50.AVocabulary test 21.B2.D3.A4.D5.B6.C7.D8.A9.D 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.A 23.A 24.D 25.D 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.C 31.D 32.C 33.C 34.A 35.D 36.D 37.A 38.C39.A 40.D 41.C 42.D 43.D 44.D 45.D 46.A 47.A 48.C 49.D 50.D二、倍数增减的表示法1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2(考点：倍数+ 形容词/副词比较级+ than)2) reacts three times as fast as the other one(考点：倍数+ as + 形容词/副词+ as)3) is 49 times the size of the moon(考点：倍数+ 名词)4) wants to raise the rent by a third(考点：动词+ by + 数词/百分比/倍数)5) plan to double their investment(考点：double + 名词)三，惯用法练习形式主语系列1. it。

大学俄语简明教程答案

简明法语部分词汇与练习答案

Leçon 28Lexique important1. milieu 中间，中央au milieu de环境le milieu familial, social, professionnel阶层,圈子 milieux les milieux riches, littéraires2. liaison avoir une liaison avec qn3. opposer qn/qch à qn/qch Quelle accusation vous a-t-il opposé ?4. tirer 拉,摆脱tirer qn du danger tirer la leçon des erreurs发射tirer sur qn近似于tirer sur qch un bleu qui tire sur le vert5. promettre qch àqn6. se faire 成为se faire+ adj / n se faire actrice习惯于se faire à qch使动se faire+ infJe me fais couper les cheveux. Il se fait photographier.V ous vous ferez repentir. Il se fait sembler stupide.语法点 :指示代词, 简单将来时, 先将来时ExercicesVI.1.voilà mon crayon. Où est celui de Marie ?2.voilà ma moto. Où est celle de Paul ?3.voilà mes valises. Où sont celles de Sophie ?4.voilà ta robe. Où est celle de Nicole ?5.voilà nos journaux. Où sont ceux de Charles ?6.voilà le bureau de Jacques. Où est celui de son directeur ?7.voilà la chaise de Marie. Où est celle de René ?8.voilà les cahiers de la classe A. Où sont ceux de la classe B ?VIII.1.oui, il a loué celui qu’il a vu hier.2.oui, ils ont pris celui qui part à 11h.3.oui, il cherche celles qu’il vient d’acheter.4.oui, ils ont rendu ceux qu’ils ont empruntés la semaine dernière.5.oui, ils vont voir celui qu’on leur a raconté hier.6.oui, je veux lire celui que vous avez acheté hier.IX.1.paul et René ont fait des achats : celui-ci a acheté une moto, celui-là a achetéunvélo.2.regardez ces deux étudiants : celui-ci vient de Shanghai, celui-là vient de Tianjin.3.tous mes camarades travaillent : ceux-ci lisent le texte, ceux-là font des exercices.4.ma tante m’a offert deux robes : celle-ci est rouge, celle-là est verte.X.1. c’est un grand hôtel.2. cela est très important.3. je ne sais pas ce qu’il a fait hier.4. voilà ce qu’il a dit sur ce problème.5. nous avons visité tout le quartier, c’était très intéressant.6. les enfants ne sont pas rentrés, cela m’inquiète.7. je ne sais pas ce qu’il intéresse Pascal.8. dites-moi ce que vous cherchez.Leçon 29Lexique important1. découvrir découverte découvreur2. souffrir souffrance souffrant souffre-douleur3. répondre à qn/qch4. poser +prép 放下,放置poser une question àqn5.ton cadeau me plaît beaucoup.6.qch intéresser qn 使某人感兴趣qn s’intéresser qch/ qn 对.......感兴趣7. guérir qn de qch 治好, 改正毛病guérir un enfant d’un rhume8. toucher 触, 摸toucher à涉及, 关系到toucher àun problème grave toucher à sa fin 接近语法点 ;过去将来时, 间接引语Exercices :V.1. paul m’a dit qu’il irait à Marseille.2. marie m’a dit qu’elle rendrait visite à Mme Dupont.3. pascal m’a dit qu’il resterait deux mois à Paris.4. thomas et Isabelle m’ont dit qu’ils achèteraient cette voiture.5. bernard m’a dit qu’il ne serait plus en retard.6. sophie et Nathalie m’ont dit qu’elles verraient ce film.VI.1.j’allais partir quand le téléphone a sonné.2.il allait sortir quand son professeur est arrivé.3.catherine allait se coucher quand sa mère l’a appelée.4.j’allais traverser la rue quand j’ai vu le camarade Wang.VII.1.je ne sais pas s’il y a un médecin dans le quartier.2.je ne sais pas si Marie est malade.3. 3. je ne sais pas s’ils aiment voyager .VIII.6. il me demande quelle école nous allons visiter.Il m’a dema ndé quelle école nous allions visiter.7.il me demande quand Isabelle partira pour le Canada.Il m’a demandé quand Isablle prtirait pour le Canada.8.il me demande où ils verront ce film.Il m’a demandé où ils verraient ce film.9.il me demande qui est notre professeur.Il m’a demandé qui était notre professeur.10.il me demande combien de cours nous avons par semaine.Il m’a demandé combien de cours vous avions par semaine.Leçon 30Lexique important1.n. moyen 方法, 手段au moyen de 通过, 用...adj. 中间的, 中等的, 普通的une taille moyenne, Moyen Age2.avoir du même avis que qn同某人观点一致3.impressionné / impressionnant4.persuader qn de faire qch 说服persuader qn de qch 使某人相信某事5.se ressembler à qn6.appeler qn à qch 呼吁,号召appeler àl’aide socialeappeler à faire qch7.lutter pour/ contre qn,qch8.continuer à/ de faire qch语法点 :强调句，代动词在复合过去时中的使用Exercices :IV.4.c’est Pascal qui a passé ses vacances chez ses grands-parents.C’est chez ses grands-parents que Pascal a passé ses vacances. 5.c’est Bernard qui m’a aidé à réparer cette voiture.C’est cette voiture que Bernard m’a aidé à réparer.6.c’est moi qui ai téléphoné à la police.C’est à la police que j’ai téléphoné.VI.1.ils se sont téléphoné souvent .2.ils se sont vus dans un magasin.3.ils se sont aimés.4.ils se sont posé des questions.5.ils ne se sont pas rencontrés depuis six mois.6.elles ne se sont pas revues depuis deux ans.VIII.1.jacques, qui n’aime pas patiner, veut rentrer chez lui.2.n’achète pas les fruits qui sont chers. lettre que vous m’avez envoyée me touche beaucoup.4.l’université où il fait ses études se trouve dans le quartier latin.5.voilà la rue où les voitures sont trop nombreuses.6.le jeune homme que vous voyez là-bas est le fils de M. Martin. jeune fille qui s’assied près de la porte est l’amie de Pascal.8.c’est la place où a lieu le festival chaque été.9.le roman que vous avez lu hier a été écrit par un Français.10.il faisait très beau le jour où ils sont allés faire une excursion dans a montagne. IX.7.marie s’est mise à rire.8.Jean s’est mis en colère.9.ils se sont levés et ils se sont remis à marcher.10.ils se sont embrassés.11.ils se sont dit au revoir.12.ils se sont promis de se revoir.Leçon 31Lexique important1.auto-stop / auto-stoppeur/ auto-stopper2.avoir peur de qn/qch3.sembler+adj 似乎，好像是elle semble malade.Sembler àqn + adj / il semble que / il semble de faire qch 在某人看起来似乎cela lui semble normal. Il se mble qu’il est ivre.4.remercier qn de qch5.reconnaître qn/qch à qch 识别reconnamître qn à sa voixse reconnaître couple承认6.échapper à qn/ qch 躲避，避免，错过s’échapper de qch从某人处逃出语法点：愈过去时，间接引语Exercices :1.puisque j’avais terminé mes études, j’ai cmmencé à travailler.2.elle était contente, parce qu’elle avait reçu une lettre de son amie.3.mon petit frère pleurait , parce qu’il n’avait pas pu aller au cinéma.4.quand il est venu, je m’ étais déjà couché.V.1 . il m’a demandé où j’avais mis la clé.2. il nous a demandé quand nous avions appris cette nouvelle.3. il a demandé à Pierre si Marie était déjà partie.4. il vous a demandé si vous aviez vu le professeur d’espagnol.5. il m’a dema ndé quels livres ils avaient achetés.Leçon 32Lexique important1.mourrir : je meurs il meurt nous mourons2.accompagner qn/qch de qn/qch带有,使伴有3.exiger qch de qn 向某人要求4.remettre qn/qch à qn 把某人某事交给某人语法点 :简单过去时Exercices :III.1.il pensait que son fils était paresseux.2.elle croyait qu’elle obtiendrait un poste intéressant.3.nous savions qu’elle n’aimait pas aller au cinéma.4.j’étais sûr que vous aviez reçu cette invitation.IV.1.il m’a demandé si je partirais le 17 décembre.2.il a demandé à Marie si lelle serait à Paris au mois de juin.3.il vous a demandé si vous prendriez l’avion.V.1. le père a demandé à ses fils où ils avaient mis la clé.2. la mère a demandé à ses enfants ce qu’ils avaient fait ce jour-là.3. j’ai demandé à Pierre pourquoi Marie avait ref usé ces cadeaux.VIII.1.Napoléon naquit en 1769 en Corse et en 1804 il devint l'empereur des Français, mais il fut obligé de se retirer dix ans plus tard.2.Il m'a dit que tous les plats avaient été faits par sa fille et qu'il n'avait rien fait.3.On m'a dit que vous étiez en train d'écrire un roman. Où en êtes-vous ?4.En classe, le professeur propose de poser des questions en français, mais pour nous, cela est assez dur.5.Un jour, Albert est allé au magasin avec sa femme, sa femme a vu une belle robe eta décidé de l'acheter; mais elle n'avait que trente euros dans son portefeuille, alors que la robe coûteait 35 euors. Quand à Albert, il n'emportait jamais d'argent sur lui quand il sortait avec sa femme.Leçcon33Lexique important1.amour, amoureux tomber/être amoureux de qn2.se rendre+adj. 使自己显得se rendre à到某处去投降，自首3. apercevoir qch/qn 看出,察觉apercevoir qn faire qchS’apercevoir de 注意到,发觉４. livrer qch à qn 把某物交给某人Se livre à献身于,投降５. vivre une vie heureuse Vivre heureux vivre de qch6. reporter qch àqch 把某事转移到某事上, 推迟到reporter la conférence au lendement.语法点 :关系代词dontExercices :III.1.c’est un livre intéressant dont on parle beaucoup.2.c’est une Française dont les parents vivent en Italie.3.j’ai reçu des nouvelles dont je suis contente.4.c’est un g rand chanteur dont la voix est excellente.5.le peintre a montré le tableau dont il était fier.6.c’est Notre-Dame de Paris dont vous avez déjà vu des photos de ce monument.7.Pierre et Jacques connaissent bien la chine dont ils ont visité beaucoup de villes deChine.8.nous avons passédes vacances en montagne dont je garderai longtemps lesouvenir de ces vacances.IV.1.c’est une étudiant qui travaille avec moi.2.il n’aime pas la voiture que tu a choisie.3.c’est un quartier où il y a beaucoup de magasins.4.ils n’ont pas les livres dont j’ai besoin. maison que Paul a fait construire l’an dernier est très belle.6.c’est un musicien dont j’oublie toujours le nom.7.c’est une région où ils ont beaucoup d’amis.8.c’est la personne dont e vous ai parlé hier.9.l’automne est une s aison où il pleut beaucoup.10.ne prenez pas le sac qui est sur la table. robe que Nicole a achetée coûte cher.12.c’est un endroit où il arrive souvent des accidents.Leçon 34Lexique important :1.语法点 :现在分词的用法Exercices :V.1.Etant malade, ma fille n'est pas allée à l'école la semaine dernière.2.Ayant des lettres à écrire, il ne va pas au cinéma.3.Allant faire mes coures, je rencontre toujours Mme Dupont.4.Ayant peur d'être en retard, il se met à courir.5.Ne pouvant pas venir à notre soirée, Monique nous a téléphoné pour s'excuser.VI.1.Chacune de ces salles a 150 places.2.Chacune de ces usines emploie 200 ouvriers.3.Chacun de ces moteurs est de 23000 C.V.4.Chacune de ces valises pèse 25 kilos.VII.L'Airbus, qui est un gros avion commercial, a été réalisé par des entreprises françaises, allemandes, anglaises et espagnoles. Il mesure 53.26 mètres de long, 44.84 mètres de large et pèse 142 tonnes. Sa vitesse est de 950 killomères à l'heure. Il peut emporter 345 passagers, le premier vol prototype d'Airbus a étéréaliséde le 28 oct 1972. Actuellement, l'Airbus fait une grande concurrence àBoeing, l'avion fabriguéaux Etats-Unis.Leçon 35Lexique important1.语法点 :副动词，条件式1. 表示可能性大，几乎可以确定的情况si +直陈式现在时，直陈式现在时si tu veux, tu peux rester ici.Si+ 直陈式现在时，简单将来时Si vous venez, nous irons au cinema.S'il fait beau demain, on se promenera.2表示一种假设si + 未完成过去时，条件式现在时si je gagnais au loto, je ferais un tour du monde.3.表示过去没有实现的假设a)对现在造成的结果si + 愈过去时，条件式现在式si j’avais fait mon droit, je serais avocat.对过去造成的结果b)si+愈过去时，条件式过去式si vous étiez venus plus tôt, vous auriez vu Marie.N.B.Jamais si +将来时Si +条件式结构灵活条件式单独使用表达礼貌委婉语气：pourrais-tu m’aider?表达建议，观点：il devrait partir maintenant.Tu aimerais aller au cinema?表达批评：tu pourrais arrêter de me déranger!表达祝愿：je préférerais un café.表达肯定的消息，信息：le minitre se rendrait à Londres bientôt.表达想象：je serais le roi et toi la reine.Exercices :III.1.Si tout le monde était là, on partirait tout de suite.2.Si nous étions à Paris, nous visiterions le palais du Louvre.3.Si vos amis venaient vous voir, vous seriez heureuse?4.S'il y avait de la neige, nous ferions du ski.5.Si vous répétiez ces mots, nous les saurions.6.S'ils écoutaient la radio française, ils comprendraient mieux les actualités en France.7.Si nous étions pressés, nous predrions l'avion.8.S'il avait beaucoup d'argent, il voyagerait au Pôle Sud.9.Si nous proposions cette solution, les autres ne seraient pas d'accord.10.Si on les faisait travailler plus, ils demanderaient une augmentation de salaire. VII.6.Nous travaillons en chantant. mère répondait en souriant.8.Ils racontent leur histoire en mangeant.9.Le chef explique le problème en faisant des gestes.10.J'ai dit au revoir en sortant.11.L'enfant est entré en pleurant.VIII.1.Ils apprennent cette chanson en écoutant un enregistrement.2.Je suis sorti de la classe en fermant la porte et les fenêtres.3.Elle a appris ces nouvelles en regardant la télévision.IX.6.Ils déjeunent en attendant leurs amis.7.N'ayant pas assez d'argent, ils n'ont pas pu acheter ce poste de télévision.8.En disscutant, nous avons pu prendre rapidement une décision.9.Quand je suis arrivé, j'ai vu le directeur entrant dans son bureau.10.On n'arrivera à l'heure qu'en prenant un taxi.11.Habitant loin de son usine, il arrive quelquefois en retard.12.En lisant plusieurs romans de cet auteur, on le connaîtra mieux.13.V ous obtiendrez de meilleurs résultats, en faisant plus d'efforts.X.4.Pierre avait un peu mal àla tête, sa mère lui a proposéd'aller voir le docteurMorin.5.C'est un garçon sensible et il s'émeut facilement.6.Relisez cet article, vous en aurez pour 10 minutes tout au plus.7.Si je ne lui envoyais pas un message, elle serait inquiète.8.Si vous ne pouvez pas voir ce match de football demain, nous dennerons cesbillets à d'autres camarades.9.Si vous retardiea de nous répondre, nous serions obligés de consulter d'autresavoctats.10.Ne lisez pas en écoutant la radio.11.Ce professeur explique la grammaire en donnant des exemples.Leçon 36Lexique important1.语法点：主有代词Exercices :III.12.j'ai trouvé ma place, as-tu trouvé la tienne?13.Paul a pris son parapluie, Marie a-t-elle pris le tien?14.Le boulanger a-t-il fermé le sien?15.... , sa femme parle -t-elle souvent du sien?16...., avez-vous besoin de la vôtre?17...., M Dupont et M Rerou sont-ils contents des leurs?IV.1.Je fais mes exercices, tu fais les tiens?2.Je parle de mon travail, tu parles du tien?3.Pierre lit son journal, Marie lit le sien?4.Nous lisons nos journaux, vous lisez les vôtres?5.Je te donne mon adresse, peux-tu me donner la tienne?6.Elle pense souvent àses parents, et vous, est-ce que vous pensez souvent aux vôtres?VI.4.Nous faisons nos exercices, vus faites les vôtres.5.V oilà deux billets, celui-ci est à moi, celui-là est à toi.6.Les livres de poche qu'on trouve partout et qui ne sont pas chers poussent les Français à la lecture.7.Ce livre est très intéressant, pouvez-vous me le prêter?8.Cette jolie robe est à Marie. Sa mère vient de la lui offrir pour son anniversaire. VII.1.ton frère travaille beaucoup, mais le mien ne pense qu'à jouer.2.Marie a pris mon magnétophone, le sien est en panne.3.Autrefois, le père de Charles était paysan, maintenant Charles est paysan, le fils de Charles le sera-t-il?4. Ces légumes sont trop chers, n'en achetez pas ici, car en face de chez moi, on peut en acheter à 50 pourcent moins cher.5.Après qu'ils était vaincus, les ennemies ont fini par se rendre.Leçon 37Lexique important1.语法点：虚拟式虚拟式用来表示说话人的意愿，愿望，命令，高兴，惊讶，担忧，愤怒，遗憾，怀疑，否定等等。

词汇语法练习2 - 答案

词汇语法练习2Section A (0.5×10=5分)Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here, each with a blank. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.16.--- How about having dinner at Sun Restaurant? --- It ________ good.A) smells B) looks C) sounds D) appears17. Seldom ________ my boss in such good mood(好心情) since I came to work in this company.A) I saw B) I have seen C) have I seen D) do I see18. You’d better ________ the whole article at once.A) copy B) copying C) to copy D) copied19. The machine will continue to make much noise ________ we have it repaired.A) when B) because C) if D) unless20. The manager told us never to ________ till tomorrow what we can do today.A) come up B) put off C) turn on D) give out21. The children are getting more and more excited when Christmas is ________ near.A) drawing B) joining C) taking D) operating22. The old man has two daughters, ________ are doctors.A) both of them B) both of whom C) both who D) they both本题为非限制性定语从句，关系代词whom做介词of的宾语指代two daughters，在从句中做主语。

简明英语语言学教程第二版课后参考答案

《新编简洁英语语言学教程》第二版练习题参照答案Chapter 1 Introduction1. Howdo you interpret the following definition of linguistics:Linguistics is the scientific study of language.答： Linguistics is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data,conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. In order todiscover the nature and rules of the underlying language system, the linguists has tocollect and observe language facts first, which are found to display some similarities,and generalizations are made about them; then he formulates some hypothesesabout the language structure. The hypotheses thus formed have to be checkedrepeatedly against the observed facts to fully prove their validity. In linguistics, as inany other discipline, data and theory stand in a dialectical complementation, that is,a theory without the support of data can hardly claim validity, and data without being explained by some theory remain a muddled mass of things.2.What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?答： The major branches of linguistics are:(1) phonetics: it studies the sounds used in linguistic communication;(2) phonology: it studies how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication;(3)morphology: it studies the way in which linguistic symbolsrepresenting sounds are arranged and combined to form words;(4)syntax: it studies the rules which govern how words are combined toform grammatically permissible sentences in languages;(5)semantics: it studies meaning conveyed by language;(6)pragmatics: it studies the meaning in the context of language use.3.In what basic ways does modern linguistics differ from traditional grammar?答： The general approach thus traditionally formed to the study of language over the years is roughly referred to as“ traditional grammar.” Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar in several basic ways.Firstly, linguistics is descriptive while traditional grammar is prescriptive.Second, modem linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, not the written. Traditional grammarians, on the other hand, tended to emphasize, maybeover-emphasize, the importance of the written word, partly because of itspermanence.Then, modem linguistics differs from traditional grammar also in that it does notforce languages into a Latin-based framework.4. Is modern linguistics mainly synchronic or diachronic? Why?答： In modem linguistics, a synchronic approach seems to enjoy priority over adiachronic one. Because people believed that unless the various states of a language in different historical periods are successfully studied, it would be difficult to describe the changes that have taken place in its historical development.5. For what reasons does modern linguistics give priority to speech rather than towriting?答： Speech and writing are the two major media of linguistic communication.Modem linguistics regards the spoken language as the natural or the primary mediumof human language for some obvious reasons. From the point of view of linguistic evolution,speech is prior to writing. The writing system of any language is always “invented ”by its users to record speech when the need arises. Even in today's world there are still many languages that can only be spoken but not written. Then in everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount ofinformation conveyed. And also, speech is always the way in which every nativespeaker acquires his mother tongue, and writing is learned and taught later whenhe goes to school.For modern linguists,spoken language reveals many true features of human speech while written language is only the“revised ” record of speech. Thus their data for investigation and analysis are mostly drawn from everyday speech, which they regard as authentic.6.How is Saussure's distinction between langue and parole similar toChomsky's distinction between competence and performance?答： Saussure's distinction and Chomsky's are very similar, they differ at least inthat Saussure took a sociological view of language and his notion of langue isa matter of social conventions, and Chomsky looks at language from a psychologicalpoint of view and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual.7.What characteristics of language do you think should be included in a good, comprehensive definition of language?答： First of all, language is a system, ., elements of language are combinedaccording to rules.Second, language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connectionbetween a linguistic symbol and what the symbol stands for.Third,language is vocal because the primary mediumfor all languages is sound. Fourth, language is human-specific, i. e., it is very different from thecommunication systems other forms of life possess.8. What are the main features of humanlanguage that have been specified by C. Hockett to show that it is essentially different from animal communication system?答： The main features of human language are termed design features. They include:1) ArbitrarinessLanguage is arbitrary.This means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. A good example is the fact that different sounds are used torefer to the same object in different languages.2) ProductivityLanguage is productive or creative in that it makes possible the constructionand interpretation of new signals by its users. This is why they can produce andunderstand an infinitely large number of sentences, including sentences they havenever heard before.3) DualityLanguage consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower orthe basic level there is a structure of sounds, which are meaningless by themselves.But the sounds of language can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meaning, which are found at the higher level of the system.4) DisplacementLanguage can be used to refer to things which are present or not present,real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediatesituations of the speaker. This is what“displacement” means.5) Cultural transmissionWhile humancapacity for language has a genetic basis, ., we were all born with the ability to acquire language, the details of any language system arenot genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned.9.What are the major functions of language? Think of your own examplesfor illustration.答： Three main functions are often recognized of language:the descriptive function, the expressive function, and the social function.The descriptive function is the function to convey factual information, which canbe asserted or denied, and in some cases even verified. For example:“China is a large country with a long history.”The expressive function supplies information about the user’s feelings, preferences,prejudices,and values.For example: “I will never go window-shopping with her. ”The social function serves to establish and maintain social relations betweenpeople. . For example:“We are your firm supporters.”Chapter 2 Speech Sounds1.What are the two major media of linguistic communication? Of the two, whichone is primary and why?答： Speech and writing are the two major media of linguistic communication.Of the two media of language, speech is more primary than writing, for reasons, pleaserefer to the answer to the fifth problem in the last chapter.2. What is voicing and how is it caused?答： Voicing is a quality of speech sounds and a feature of all vowels and someconsonants in English. It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.3.Explain with examples how broad transcription and narrow transcription differ?答： The transcription with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription.This is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks for general purposes.The latter,. the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called narrow transcription.This is the transcription needed and used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds. With the help of thediacritics they can faithfully represent as much of the fine details as it isnecessary for their purpose.In broad transcription, the symbol [l] is used for the sounds [l] in the fourwords leaf [li:f], feel [fi:l], build [bild], and health [helθ]. As a matter of fact, the sound [l] in all these four sound combinations differs slightly. The [l]in[li:f],occurring before a vowel,is called a dear [l],and no diacritic is needed to indicate it;the[1] in[fi:l]and [bild],occurring at the end of a word or before another consonant, is pronounced differently from the clear [1]as in“leaf”. Itis called dark[?]and in narrow transcription the diacritic[?]is used to indicate it.Then in the sound combination[hel θ],the sound [l]is followed by the English dental sound [ θ], its pronunciation is somewhat affected by the dental sound that follows it.It is thus called a dental[l],and in narrow transcription the diacritic [ 、 ] is used to indicate it. It is transcribed as [helθ].Another example is the consonant [p]. We all know that [p] is pronounceddifferently in the two words pit and spit.In the word pit,the sound [p] is pronounced with a strong puff of air, but in spit the puff of air is withheld to some extent.In the case of pit, the [p] sound is said to be aspirated and in the case of spit,the [p] sound is unaspirated. This difference is not shown in broad transcription,but in narrow transcription, a small raised“h” is used to show aspiration, thuspit is transcribed as [ph?t] and spit is transcribed as [sp?t].4. How are the English consonants classified?答： English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of mannerof articulation and the other is in terms of place of articulation.In terms of manner of articulation the English consonants can be classified into the following types: stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, nasals and glides. In terms of place ofarticulation, it can be classified into following types: bilabial, labiodental,dental, alveolar, palatal, velar and glottal.5. What criteria are used to classify the English vowels?答： Vowels may be distinguished as front, central, and back according to whichpart of the tongue is held highest. To further distinguish members of each group,we need to apply another criterion, . the openness of the mouth. Accordingly, weclassify the vowels into four groups: close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-openvowels,and open vowels. A third criterion that is often used in the classificationof vowels is the shape of the lips.In English,all the front vowels and the central vowels are unfounded vowels,i. e.,without rounding the lips,and all the back vowels, with the exception of [a:], are rounded. It should be noted that some front vowelscan be pronounced with rounded lips.6.A. Give the phonetic symbol for each of the following sound descriptions:1)voiced palatal affricate2)voiceless labiodental fricative3)voiced alveolar stop4)front, close, short5)back, semi-open, long6)voiceless bilabial stopB. Give the phonetic features of each of the following sounds:1) [ t ] 2) [ l ] 3) [?] 4) [w] 5) [?]6) [?]答： A. (1) [?] (2) [ f ] (3) [d ] (4) [ ? ] (5) [ ?:] (6) [p]B. (1) voiceless alveolar stop(2) voiced alveolar liquid(3) voiceless palatal affricate(4) voiced bilabial glide(5) back, close, short(6) front, open7.How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study? Who do youthink will be more interested in the difference between, say, [l] and [?], [ph] and [p],a phonetician or a phonologist? Why?答： (1) Both phonology and phonetics are concerned with the sameaspect of language–– the speech sounds. But while both are related to the study of sounds,, theydiffer in their approach and focus. Phonetics is of a general nature; it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages: how they are produced, howthey differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can beclassified, etc. Phonology, on the other hand, aims to discover how speechsounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to conveymeaning in linguistic communication.(2)A phonologist will be more interested in it. Because one of the tasksof the phonologists is to find out rule that governs the distribution of [l] and[?], [ph] and [p].8.What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophonesrelated to a phoneme?答： A phone is a phonetic unit or segment. The speech sounds we hear and produceduring linguistic communication are all phones. A phonemeis not any particular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phoneticcontext. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phoneticenvironments are called the allophones of that phoneme. For example, the phoneme/l/ in English can be realized as dark [?], clear [l], etc. which are allophonesof the phoneme /l/.9. Explain with examples the sequential rule, the assimilation rule, and the deletion rule.答： Rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called sequential rules.There are many such sequential rules in English. For example, if a word beginswith a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. That is why [lbik] [lkbi]are impossible combinations in English.They have violated the restrictions on the sequencing of phonemes.The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying ” a featureof a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. Assimilation ofneighbouring sounds is, for the most part,caused by articulatory or physiological processes. When we speak, we tend to increase the ease of articulation. This“sloppy ” tendency may become regularized as rules of language.We all know that nasalization is not a phonological feature in English, ., itdoes not distinguish meaning. But this does not meanthat vowels in English are never nasalized in actual pronunciation; in fact they are nasalized in certain phoneticcontexts. For example, the [i:] sound is nasalized in words like bean, green,team, and scream. This is because in all these sound combinations the [i:] sound is followed by a nasal [n] or [m].The assimilation rule also accounts for the varying pronunciation of thealveolar nasal [n] in some sound combinations. The rule is that within a word, thenasal [n] assumes the same place of articulation as the consonant that follows it.Weknow that in English the prefix in- can be added to maadjective to makethe meaning of the word negative, . discreet–indiscreet, correct–incorrect. But the [n]sound in the prefix in- is not always pronounced as an alveolar nasal. It is so inthe word indiscreet because the consonant that follows it, . [d], is an alveolarstop,but the [n]sound in the word incorrect is actually pronounced as a velar nasal, . [?]; this is because the consonant that follows it is [k], which is a velar stop.So we can see that while pronouncing the sound [n], we are“copying ” a feature of the consonant that follows it.Deletion rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically represented.Wehave noticed that in the p ronunciation of such words as sign,design, and paradigm, there is no [g] sound although it is represented in spelling by theletter g. But in their corresponding forms signature,designation,and paradigmatic, the [g]represented by the letter g is pronounced.The rule can be stated as: Delete a [g] when it occurs before a final nasal consonant. Given the rule, the phonemic representation of the stems in sign– signature, resign– resignation, phlegm–phlegmatic, paradigm – paradigmatic will include the phoneme /g/, which will bedeleted according to the regular rule if no suffix is added.10. What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features ofEnglish function in conveying meaning?答： The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features. The main suprasegmental features include stress,intonation,and tone. The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. There are two kinds of stress: word stress and sentence stress. For example, a shift ofstress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun, to a verb although itsspelling remains unchanged. Tones are pitch variations which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.Intonation plays an important role in the conveyance of meaning in almost every language, especially in a language like English. When spoken in different tones,the same sequence of words may have different meanings.Chapter 3 Morphology1. Divide the following words into their separate morphemes by placing a“+”between each morpheme and the next:a. microfile e. telecommunicationb. bedraggled f. forefatherc. announcement g. psychophysicsd. predigestion h. mechanist答： a. micro + file b. be + draggle + edc. announce + mentd. pre + digest + ione. tele + communicate + ionf. fore + fatherg. psycho + physics h. mechan + ist2.Think of three morpheme suffixes, give their meaning, and specify the typesof stem they may be suffixed to. Give at least two examples of each.Model: -orsuffix: -ormeaning: the person or thing performing the actionstem type: added to verbsexamples: actor, “one who acts in stage plays, motion pictures, etc. ” translator, “one who translates ”答： (1) suffix:-ablemeaning: something can be done or is possiblestem type: added to verbsexamples:acceptable,respectable,“can be accepted “can be respected””(2) suffix:-lymeaning: functionalstem type:added to adjectivesexamples: freely.“adverbial form of‘free’ ”quickly, “adverbial form of 'quick'”.(3) suffix:-eemeaning:the person receiving the actionstem type: added to verbsexamples: employee,“one who works in a company”interviewee, “one who is interviewed ”3.Think of three morpheme prefixes, give their meaning, and specify the typesof stem they may be prefixed to. Give at least two examples of each.Model: a-prefix: a-meaning: “without; not ”stem type: added to adjectivesexamples: asymmetric,“lacking symmetry ” asexual, “without sex or sex organs ”答： (1) prefix:dis-meaning:showing an oppositestem type: added to verbs or nounsexamples : disapprove,“do not approve ”dishonesty, “lack of honesty ”.(2) prefix:anti-meaning:against, opposed tostem type: added to nouns or adjectivesexamples :antinuclear,“opposing the use of atomic weapons and power”antisocial,“opposed or harmful to the laws and customs of an organized community.”(3) prefix:counter-meaning:the opposite ofstem type: added to nouns or adjectives.examples:counterproductive,“prod ucing results opposite to thoseintended ”(sth.) ”counteract, “act against and reduce the force or effect of4. The italicized part in each of the following sentences is an inflectional morpheme. Study each inflectional morpheme carefully and point out its grammatical meaning.Sue moves in high-society circles in London.A traffic warden asked John to move his car.The club has moved to Friday, February 22nd.The branches of the trees are moving back and forth.答： (1) the third person singular(2)the past tense(3)the present perfect(4)the present progressive5.Determine whether the words in each of the following groups are related toone another by processes of inflection or derivation.a) go, goes, going, goneb) discover, discovery, discoverer, discoverable, discoverabilityc) inventor, inventor’s, inventors, inventors’d)democracy, democrat, democratic, democratize答：( 略)6.The following sentences contain both derivational and inflectional affixes.Underline all of the derivational affixes and circle the inflectional affixes.a) The farmer ’s cows escaped.b)It was raining.c)Those socks are inexpensive.d)Jim needs the newer copy.e)The strongest rower continued.f)She quickly closed the book.g)The alphabetization went well.答：( 略)Chapter 4 Syntax1. What is syntax?Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined toform sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.2. What is phrase structure rule?The grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements . specifiers, heads, and complements) that make up a phrase is called a phrasestructure rule.The phrase structural rule for NP, VP, AP, and PP can be written as follows:NP→ (Det) N (PP) ...VP→ (Qual) V (NP) ...AP→ (Deg) A (PP) ...PP→ (Deg) P (NP) ...We can formulate a single general phrasal structural rule in which Xstands for the head N, V, A or P.The XP rule: XP→ (specifier)X (complement)3. What is category? How to determine a word's category?Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the sameor similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.To determine a word's category, three criteria are usually employed, namelymeaning, inflection and distribution.若详尽回答，则要加上：Word categories often bear some relationship with its meaning. The meanings associated with nouns and verbs can be elaborated in various ways. The property orattribute of the entities denoted by nouns can be elaborated by adjectives. Forexample, when we say that pretty lady, we are attributing the property‘pretty’to the lady designated by the noun. Similarly,the properties and attributes of the actions, sensations and states designated by verbs can typically be denoted byadverbs. For example, in Jenny left quietly the adverb quietly indicates the manner of Jenny's leaving.The second criterion to determine a word's category is inflection. Words ofdifferent categories take different inflections. Such nouns as boy and desk take the plural affix -s. Verbs such as work and help take past tense affix -ed and progressive affix - ing . And adjectives like quiet and clever take comparative affix - er and superlative affix - est . Although inflection is very helpful in determininga word's category, it does not always suffice. Some words do not take inflections.For example, nouns like moisture , fog , do not usually take plural suffix -s and adjectives like frequent , intelligent do not take comparative and superlativeaffixes - er and - est .The last and more reliable criterion of determining a word's category is its distribution. That is what type of elements can co-occur with a certain word. Forexample, nouns can typically appear with a determiner like the girl and a card, verbs with an auxiliary such as should stay and will go, and adjectives with a degree word such as very cool and too bright.A word's distributional facts together with information about its meaning and inflectional capabilities help identify its syntactic category.4. What is coordinate structure and what properties does it have?The structure formed by joining two or more elements of the same type withthe help of a conjunction is called coordinate structures.It has (或写Conjunction exhibits) four important properties:1) There is no limit on the number of coordinated categories that can appear priorto the conjunction.2)A category at any level (a head or an entire XP) can be coordinated.3)Coordinated categories must be of the same type.4)The category type of the coordinate phrase is identical to the category typeof the elements being conjoined.5.What elements does a phrase contain and what role does each element play?A phrase usually contains the following elements: head, specifier andcomplement. Sometimes it also contains another kind of element termed modifier.The role each element can play:Head:Head is the word around which a phrase is formed.Specifier:Specifier has both special semantic and syntactic roles. Semantically, ithelps to makemore precise the meaning of the head. Syntactically, it typically marks aphrase boundary.Complement:Complementsare themselves phrases and provide information about entities and locations whose existence is implied by the meaning of the head.Modifier:Modifiers specify optionally expressible properties of the heads.6. What is deep structure and what is surface structure?There are two levels of syntactic structure. The first, formed by the XP rulein accordance with the head's subcategorization properties, is called deep structure (or D-structure). The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of thesentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called surface structure (or S-structure ).（以下几题只作初步的的成分区分，未画树形图,仅供参照）7.Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences.a) The old lady got off the bus carefully.Det A N V P Det N Advb) The car suddenly crashed onto the river bank.Det N Adv V P Det Nc) The blinding snowstorm might delay the opening of the schools.Det A N Aux V Det N P Det Nd)This cloth feels quite soft.Det N V Deg A8. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier.Drawthe appropriate tree structure for each.a) rich in mineralsXP(AP) → head (rich) A +complement (in minerals) PPb) often read detective storiesXP(VP) → specifier (often) Qual + head (read) V + complement (detective stories) NPc) the argument against the proposalsXP(NP) → specifier (the) Det +head (argument) N +complement (against the proposals) PPd) already above the windowXP(VP) → specifier (already) Deg +head (above) P +complement (the window)NPd) The apple might hit the man.S → NP(The apple) + Infl (might) +VP(hit the man)e) He often reads detective stories.S → NP(He) + VP(often reads detective stories)9.The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence,first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.（斜体的为名词的修饰语，划底线的为动词的修饰语）extreme caution.a) A crippled passenger landed the airplane withmoon hung in the sky.c) The man examined his car carefully yesterday.d) A woodenhut near the lake collapsed in the storm.10. The following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a treestructure for each of the sentences.（划底线的为并列的范围）a)Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.b)Helen put on her clothes and went out.c)Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.11. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function ascomplements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure foreach sentence.a)You know that I hate war.b)Gerry believes the fact that Anna flunked the English exam.c)Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce.d)The children argued over whether bats had wings.12.Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Draw thedeep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences.a)The essay that he wrote was excellent.b)Herbert bought a house that she lovedc)The girl whom he adores majors in linguistics.13. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure of each of these sentences.（斜体的为深层构造，一般字体的为表层构造）a) Would you come tomorrow?you would come tomorrowb) What did Helen bring to the party?Helen brought what to the partyc) Who broke the window?who broke the windowChapter 5 Semantics1. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning?答： (1) The naming theory proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. Accordingto this theory, the linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used ina language are simply labels of the objects they stand for. So words are just names or labels for things.(2)The conceptualist view has been held by some philosophers and linguists from ancient times. This view holds that there is no direct link between a linguisticform and what it refers to (i. e., between language and the real world); rather,in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation ofconcepts in the mind.(3) The contextualist view held that meaning should be studied in terms ofsituation, use, context––elements closely linked with language behaviour. The representative of this approach was . Firth, famous British linguist.。

孙辉《简明法语教程(下)》(修订版)【词汇短语+课文精解+语法解析+全文翻译+练习答案】(Le

Leçon 40◆词汇短语nuit [nɥi] n.f.夜，夜晚，夜间【例句】La nuit s’enfuit.夜晚渐渐消失。

【词组】passer une nuit blanche度过不眠之夜nuit et jour夜以继日地；昼夜不停地vagabond[vagabɔ̃]n.m.流浪汉【例句】J’aime vagabonder sur les chemins avec ni feu ni lieu ni identité.我喜欢风餐露宿，没有身份的生活。

souffler[sufle]v.i.吹气，吹；喘气，喘息v.t.吹；引起【例句】Le vent souffle fort.风呼呼地刮。

rageusement[raʒøzmɑ̃]adv.狂怒地【例句】Le vent souffle rageusement.风在怒吼。

trottoir[trɔtwar]n.m.人行道【例句】Les automobiles ne doivent pas être garées sur les trottoirs. 汽车不应该停在人行道上。

【词组】trottoir roulant输送带；自动扶梯ivrogne[ivrɔɲ]n.m.酒鬼adj.酗酒的【例句】C’était un bandit salace et ivrogne.这个强盗好色又酗酒。

vaciller[vasije]v.i.摇晃，晃荡；（火焰、亮光）摇曳，闪烁；<转>犹豫【例句】La flamme vacille.火苗在晃动。

sous les effets de在……的作用下【例句】Sous les effets du medicament, il s’endort tout de suite.在药物作用下，他立刻睡着了。

alcool[alkɔl]n.m.酒精【例句】Je ne bois pas d’alcool.我不喝酒。

孙辉《简明法语教程(下)》(修订版)【词汇短语+课文精解+语法解析+全文翻译+练习答案】(Le

Leçon 34◆词汇短语croiser[krwaze]v.t.使交叉，使相交；横穿过，与……相交(se)v.pr.交错而过；（信件等）相互错过【例句】Ma lettre a dû croiser la vôtre.我的信想必和你的信错过了。

【词组】se croiser les bras[转]无所事事；袖手旁观debout[dəbu]adv.竖着，站着；起床；未受损害interj.起立！起来！起床！【例句】①Il est toujours debout de bonne heure.他总是起得很早。

②Il reste encore quelques maisons debout dans le village.村里还有几处完好的房屋。

【词组】mettre debout创办tenir debout靠的住，可靠Concorde[kɔ̃kɔrd]n.m.协和飞机【例句】Le Concorde est un genre de gros avion supersonique. 协和飞机是一种超音速的巨型飞机。

avenue[avny]n.f.通道；林荫道；途径【例句】En effet, on est beaucoup déçu de cette avenue.实际上，我们对这条大街非常失望。

【词组】Les avenues du pouvoir获取权利的途径les Champs-Elysées香榭丽舍大街，爱丽舍田园大街（地名）【例句】Il pomène souvant sur les Champs-Elysées. 他经常在香榭丽舍大街上散步。

lentement[lɑt mɑ]adv.缓慢地【例句】Elle se force à parler lentement.她尽力说得很慢。

【词组】conduire lentement缓慢行驶remplir[rɑp lir]v.t.再装满；盛满；占据；填写【例句】①Il remplit son verre jusqu’au bord.他把杯子倒得满满的。

词汇语法答案与解析

The troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪
试题答案与解析
Test 1
1. C)【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。
【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组have a knowledge of中，所以选C)。
在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：
Used you to go to the same school as Edward?
Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?
近义词辨析
use, apply, avail, employ, utilize
这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。
近义词辨析
tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, wornout
这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired
可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
Test 2
关于used to的意义和用法
used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：
He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.
在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to均可：

简明英语测试教程第三版课后答案第二章

简明英语测试教程第三版课后答案第二章1、I paid him 50 dollars for the painting, but its real（）must be about 500 dollars. [单选题] *A. feeB. value(正确答案)C. priceD. fare2、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that3、The organization came into being in 1 [单选题] *A. 开始策划B. 进行改组C. 解散D. 成立于(正确答案)4、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD．is having5、Every means _____ but it's not so effective. [单选题] *A. have been triedB. has been tried(正确答案)C. have triedD. has tried6、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking7、—Can you play the violin at the art festival?—No, I ______. But I am good at playing the drums.（）[单选题] *A. canB. can’t(正确答案)C. doD. don’t8、We can _______ some information about this city on the Internet. [单选题] *A. look up(正确答案)B. look likeC. look afterD. look forward to9、If it _______ tomorrow, I won’t go there. [单选题] *A. rains(正确答案)B. is rainingC. will rainD. would rain10、--Why are you late for school today?--I’m sorry. I didn’t catch the early bus and I had to _______ the next one. [单选题] *A. wait for(正确答案)B. ask forC. care forD. stand for11、The children are playing wildly and making a lot of?_______. [单选题] *A. cryB. voicesC. noises(正确答案)D. music12、Don’t swim in the river. It’s too _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. easyC. difficultD. dangerous(正确答案)13、The soldiers were_____of running away when the enemy attacked. [单选题] *A.chargedB.accused(正确答案)C.scoldedD.estimated14、I like the food very much.It is _______. [单选题] *A. terribleB. expensiveC. delicious(正确答案)D. friendly15、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a16、Our school is beautiful. How about _______? [单选题] *A. theirs(正确答案)B. theirC. theyD. them17、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly18、Mary's watch is more expensive than _____. [单选题] *A. Susan's(正确答案)B. that of Susan'sC. that of SusanD. Susan19、The idea of working abroad really（）me. [单选题] *appeals to (正确答案)B. attaches toC. adapts toD. gets across20、—Is this Tony’s history book?—No, it isn’t ______.（）[单选题] *A. himB. his(正确答案)C. heD. himself21、How can I _______ the nearest supermarket? [单选题] *A. get offB. get upC. get to(正确答案)D. get on22、We are looking forward to _______ you again. [单选题] *A. seeB. sawC. seeing(正确答案)D. seen23、--Whose _______ are these?? ? ? --I think they are John·s. [单选题] *A. keyB. keyesC. keys(正确答案)D. keies24、Nearly two thousand years have passed _____ the Chinese first invented the compass. [单选题] *A. whenB. beforeC. since(正确答案)D. after25、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off26、( ) It ___ the Chinese people 8 years to build the Dam. [单选题] *A. took(正确答案)B. costsC. paidD. spends27、The people’s Republic of China _______ on October 1, 1 [单选题] *A. foundB. was founded(正确答案)C. is foundedD. was found28、I have to _______ my glasses, without which I can’t read the book. [单选题] *A. put upB. put awayC. put downD. put on(正确答案)29、His remarks _____me that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.assumed30、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much。

新编简明英语语言学教程第2版学习指南答案

新编简明英语语言学教程第2版学习指南答案全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I'm going to give you all the answers to the study guide for the 2nd edition of New Practical English Language Learning Tutorial. Are you ready to ace your English language studies? Let's get started!1. What are the four main branches of linguistics?- Phonetics, Phonology, Syntax, Semantics2. What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?- Phonetics focuses on the physical sounds of language, while phonology deals with how those sounds function in a particular language.3. Define syntax.- Syntax is the study of sentence structure and how words are combined to form meaningful sentences.4. What is the relationship between language and culture?- Language and culture are closely intertwined, as language reflects the beliefs, values, and norms of a particular culture.5. What is the purpose of semantics?- Semantics is the study of meaning in language, including how words and sentences convey different shades of meaning.6. Explain the difference between a morpheme and a phoneme.- A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in language, while a phoneme is the smallest unit of sound.7. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) used for?- The IPA is a standardized system for representing the sounds of language, making it easier to study and compare different languages.8. Describe the difference between a declarative and an interrogative sentence.- A declarative sentence makes a statement, while an interrogative sentence asks a question.9. What is pragmatics?- Pragmatics is the study of how language is used in context, including how speakers convey meaning through tone, gesture, and social cues.10. Give an example of a language register.- Formal register: "I am delighted to make your acquaintance."- Informal register: "Nice to meet you!"That's it for the study guide answers! I hope this helps you all with your English language studies. Good luck, and keep practicing!篇2Hi, everyone! Are you ready to learn about the New Concise English Linguistics Study Guide 2nd Edition? Let's dive right in!First of all, this book is super cool because it teaches you all about the English language and how it works. You'll learn about things like grammar, phonetics, and syntax – all those fancy words that linguists use to talk about language.One of the best parts of this book is the exercises and activities. They help you practice what you've learned and make sure you really understand it. Plus, there are lots of fun gamesand puzzles to help you remember all those tricky linguistic terms.Another awesome thing about this book is that it's really clear and easy to understand. The authors explain everything in a way that's simple and straightforward, so you won't get confused. And if you do have questions, there's a handy glossary at the back of the book to help you out.But wait, there's more! The Study Guide also includes tips and tricks for improving your English skills, like how to study effectively and how to write better essays. So not only will you learn about linguistics, but you'll also become a better English speaker and writer.So, if you want to become a language expert and impress your friends with your linguistic knowledge, make sure to grab a copy of the New Concise English Linguistics Study Guide 2nd Edition. Happy learning!篇3Hi guys, today I’m going to share with you some answers to the study guide for the New Edition of the Concise English Language Studies. This book can be a bit tricky, but don’t worry, I’ve got your back! Let’s get started:1. What is the definition of linguistics?Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of grammar, syntax, phonetics, and semantics.2. How many main branches make up the field of linguistics?There are six main branches of linguistics: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.3. What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive grammar?Descriptive grammar describes how language is actually used by speakers, while prescriptive grammar dictates how language should be used according to traditional rules.4. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) used for?The International Phonetic Alphabet is used to represent sounds of spoken languages in a standardized way, making it easier to transcribe and study different languages.5. Explain the difference between a morpheme and a phoneme.A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, while a phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning between words.I hope these answers help you with your studies. Remember, learning English can be challenging, but with practice and determination, you’ll get the hang of it! Good luck, everyone!篇4Hello everyone, I'm so excited to share with you the study guide for "A New Introduction to English Language Teaching2nd Edition". This book may seem a bit tough at first, but don't worry, I'll break it down for you in a fun and easy way!Chapter 1: What is Language?In this chapter, we learn that language is a way for us to communicate with each other. It can be spoken, written, or signed. We also learn about the different parts of speech, like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Remember, practice makes perfect, so try to use different words in your sentences!Chapter 2: The Sounds of LanguageThis chapter talks about phonetics and phonology, which are fancy words for the sounds we make when we talk. Rememberwhen your teacher taught you how to pronounce words like "cat" and "dog"? That's phonetics! Make sure to practice saying words out loud to improve your pronunciation.Chapter 3: The Structure of WordsWords are like building blocks that make up sentences. In this chapter, we learn about morphology, which is the study of how words are formed. Break down words into prefixes, suffixes, and roots to understand their meanings better.Chapter 4: Sentences and MeaningSentences are like puzzles that convey meaning. In this chapter, we learn about syntax, which is how words are put together to form sentences. Pay attention to the order of words in a sentence to understand the intended meaning.Chapter 5: Language VariationLanguages can vary based on where you are or who you're talking to. In this chapter, we learn about dialects, accents, and regional variations. Embrace the diversity of language and learn from different people's ways of speaking.Chapter 6: Language ChangeLanguages evolve over time, just like how your favorite video game updates with new features. In this chapter, we learn about language history and how words change meaning over time. Keep up with the latest slang and trends to stay current!So there you have it, a simplified guide to "A New Introduction to English Language Teaching 2nd Edition". Remember to have fun while studying and don't be afraid to ask questions. Happy learning, everyone!篇5Hey guys! Today I'm going to give you all the answers to the Study Guide of "New Concise English Language Learning Tutorial 2nd Edition". Are you ready? Let's get started!Chapter 1: Introduction to English Language Learning1. Describe the importance of learning English as a global language.- Learning English is important because it is spoken by millions of people all around the world. It can help you communicate with people from different countries and cultures.2. List the four main skills in language learning.- The four main skills in language learning are listening, speaking, reading, and writing.Chapter 2: Phonetics and Phonology1. What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?- Phonetics is the study of the sounds of human speech, while phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in language.2. Give an example of a minimal pair.- An example of a minimal pair is the words "pat" and "bat". The only difference between these two words is the initial sound (/p/ in "pat" and /b/ in "bat").Chapter 3: Morphology and Syntax1. Define morphology and syntax.- Morphology is the study of the structure and formation of words, while syntax is the study of how words are combined to form sentences.2. What is the difference between inflection and derivation?- Inflection is the modification of a word to indicate grammatical information like tense, number, and gender, whilederivation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes or suffixes.Chapter 4: Semantics and Pragmatics1. Explain the difference between semantics and pragmatics.- Semantics is the study of the meaning of words and sentences, while pragmatics is the study of how language is used in context to achieve certain goals.2. Give an example of a semantic field.- An example of a semantic field is the words related to animals, such as cat, dog, and bird.I hope these answers help you with your studies! Keep practicing and don't forget to have fun learning English! Good luck!篇6Hello everyone! Today I'm going to share with you the study guide for the New Edition of Brief English Linguistics Tutorial 2.First of all, make sure to read the textbook carefully and understand the key concepts. It's important to pay attention tothe examples and explanations given in the book to help you grasp the information better.Secondly, practice is key to mastering any language skill. Try to do the exercises at the end of each chapter and review the grammar and vocabulary regularly. You can also find additional exercises online or make flashcards to help you memorize the new words.Don't forget to listen to English audio materials such as podcasts, songs, or news broadcasts. This will help you improve your listening skills and get used to the natural rhythm and pronunciation of English.When it comes to speaking, try to practice speaking English with your friends, family, or classmates. You can also join a language exchange group or find a language partner to practice speaking with.Lastly, have fun while learning English! Watch English movies, read English books or comics, and explore different aspects of English language and culture. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep practicing and don't give up!I hope these tips will help you improve your English language skills and have fun learning along the way. Good luck and happy studying!篇7Hey guys, have you started studying the New Edition of A Concise English Language Course Book 2? It might feel a bit tricky at first, but don't worry, I'm here to help you out with a study guide that will make things much easier for you!First off, make sure you understand the key concepts in each chapter before moving on to the exercises. Pay attention to the explanations and examples given in the book, as they will help you grasp the material better.When it comes to doing the exercises, don't rush through them. Take your time to read the instructions carefully and think about your answers before writing them down. If you're unsure about something, don't hesitate to ask your teacher or a classmate for help.Make good use of the practice tests and drills provided in the book. They will help you reinforce what you've learned and identify any areas where you might need to improve.Remember to review your notes regularly and test yourself on the vocabulary and grammar rules you've learned. This will help you retain the information better and be better prepared for exams.Lastly, don't forget to have fun while studying! Learning a new language can be challenging, but it can also be a lot of fun. So keep a positive attitude and stay motivated.Good luck with your studies, and I'm sure you'll do great in your English language course! Keep up the good work!篇8Hey guys! Today I'm going to give you all the answers to the "New Edition Concise English Linguistics Course 2" study guide. Get ready to ace your test with these answers!1. What is the definition of linguistics?Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, including grammar, syntax, semantics, and phonetics.2. What are the different branches of linguistics?There are several branches of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.3. What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?Phonetics is the study of the physical sounds of speech, while phonology is the study of how those sounds are used in a particular language to create meaning.4. What is morphology?Morphology is the study of the structure of words and how they are formed, including prefixes, suffixes, and roots.5. What is syntax?Syntax is the study of sentence structure and how words are arranged to create meaning in a sentence.6. What is semantics?Semantics is the study of meaning in language, including how words and sentences convey information and how meaning can change in different contexts.7. What is pragmatics?Pragmatics is the study of how language is used in real-life situations, including the social and cultural factors that influence communication.8. How can linguistics help us understand language better?Studying linguistics can help us understand how language works, why languages are structured the way they are, and how language shapes our thoughts and behaviors.So there you have it, all the answers to the "New Edition Concise English Linguistics Course 2" study guide. Good luck on your test, and keep on learning about language!篇9Hello everyone! Today I'm gonna share with you the answers to the study guide of "A New Introduction to English Language Study, 2nd edition". So let's dive in and check out the answers together!Chapter 1: Introduction to English Language Study1. What is linguistics?Answer: Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure.2. What are the four main branches of linguistics?Answer: The four main branches of linguistics are phonetics, phonology, morphology, and syntax.3. What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive grammar?Answer: Descriptive grammar describes how people actually use language, while prescriptive grammar dictates how people should use language according to established rules.Chapter 2: Phonetics and Phonology1. What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?Answer: Phonetics focuses on the physical sounds of speech, while phonology studies the patterns of sounds in language.2. What is a phoneme?Answer: A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language.3. Give an example of a minimal pair.Answer: Ship and sip are an example of a minimal pair, as changing the initial sound changes the meaning of the word.Chapter 3: Morphology and Syntax1. What is morphology?Answer: Morphology is the study of the structure of words and how they are formed.2. What is a morpheme?Answer: A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in language.3. What is syntax?Answer: Syntax is the study of how words are combined to form sentences.I hope these answers help you with your studies! Keep up the good work and have fun learning about the English language!篇10Title: A Fun Guide to Learning English from New Edition of Concise English Language Learning GuideHey guys! Are you ready to dive into the exciting world of learning English with the new edition of the Concise English Language Learning Guide? In this guide, we will explore the basics of English language study and provide you with some awesome tips and tricks to help you improve your English skills.First and foremost, it's important to understand that learning English is all about practice and consistency. Make sure to set aside some time each day to study and review the material in theguide. Whether it's reading, writing, speaking, or listening, make sure to practice all four language skills to become awell-rounded English speaker.One helpful tip is to keep a vocabulary notebook to write down new words you learn. You can also use flashcards to help you memorize and review vocabulary regularly. Remember, repetition is key when it comes to learning new words and phrases!Another great way to improve your English skills is to watch English movies or TV shows, and listen to English songs. This will help you get used to the sounds and rhythms of the English language. You can also try practicing speaking with a friend or classmate to improve your pronunciation and fluency.In addition, don't be afraid to make mistakes! Learning a new language is a journey, and it's completely normal to make errors along the way. Take risks, practice, and don't be afraid to speak up and use your English skills in real-life situations.Overall, the key to success in learning English is to stay motivated, practice regularly, and have fun with it! With the help of the new edition of the Concise English Language Learning Guide, you'll be on your way to mastering English in no time. Good luck, and happy learning!。

新编英语语法简明教程第2章选择与改错

第2章Multiple Choice:1)The government_____ itself into serious trouble if it doesn't solve the economic problem.A. hasB. getC. will getD. had答案：C “get oneself into trouble” 使自身陷入困境；从句用一般现在时，主句应该用一般将来时。

2) It was very noisy in the hall. I _____make myself heard above the noise.A. can'tB. couldn'tC. won'tD. wouldn't答案：B 两个句子应该保持时态一致。

且这里表示的是因为噪音我不具备让别人听见我的声音的能力。

3)E-mail, as well as telephones, _____an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play答案：A 谓语动词应该和主语保持一致；这里的主语只是“E-mail”。

4) _____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. WhoB. The oneC. AnyoneD. Whoever答案：D 句中“______ has helped to save the drowning girl”是一个主语从句，从句中缺主语，可以用who或whoever，但是前者指的是某个或某些固定的人，而后者指的是任何人；如果使用anyone作主语，后面应该再加一个who，引导定语从句，修饰anyone。

5) _____is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools israpidly increasing.A.WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It答案：B 这是as引导的非限制性定语从句。

新编英语语法简明教程修订版答案

新编英语语法简明教程修订版答案1、53．On your way home, you can buy some fruit, meat, vegetables and ________. [单选题] * A．something else(正确答案)B．else somethingC．everything elseD．else everything2、I’ve got some very _______ news to tell you. [单选题] *A. exciting(正确答案)B. comfortableC. convenientD. beautiful3、Last year Polly _______ an English club and has improved her English a lot. [单选题] *A. leftB. sawC. joined(正确答案)D. heard4、68．—How ________ apples do you want?—I want two kilos. How ________ are they?—They are 5 yuan. [单选题] *A．much; manyB．many; much(正确答案)C．many; manyD．much; much5、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made6、People always _____ realize the importance of health _____ they lose it. [单选题] *A. not... untilB. don't... until(正确答案)C. /; untilD. /; not until7、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on8、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.（）[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after9、The managing director took the（）for the accident, although it was not his fault. [单选题] *A. GuiltB. charge(正确答案)C. blameD. accusation10、7．—________ is the Shanghai Wild Animal Park?—It’s 15km east of the Bund. [单选题] *A．WhoB．WhatC．WhenD．Where (正确答案)11、Li Lei often takes a walk early ______ the morning.（）[单选题] *A. atB. onC. in(正确答案)D. for12、When we take a trip,we usually have to _______ a hotel. [单选题] *A. takeB. stayC. book(正确答案)D. bring13、You can ask（）is on duty there tonight. [单选题] *A. WhatB. whomC. whoever(正确答案)D. whomever14、—Would you like some milk?—Yes, just _____, please. [单选题] *A. a little(正确答案)B. littleC. a fewD. few15、_______ songs is my favorite. [单选题] *A. To Singing EnglishB. Singing English(正确答案)C. Singings EnglishD. Sing English16、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after17、---Where’s that report?---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday. [单选题] *A. ifB. when(正确答案)C. becauseD. before18、Hearing that he had passed _____ health examination, he immediately made _____ call to his parents. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; a(正确答案)D. a; the19、He spoke too fast, and we cannot follow him. [单选题] *A. 追赶B. 听懂(正确答案)C. 抓住D. 模仿20、Study hard, ______ you won’t pass the exam. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. butD. if21、Nobody noticed the thief slip into the shop, because the lights happened to _______. [单选题] *A. put outB. turn outC. give outD. go out(正确答案)22、Tony is a quiet student, _______ he is active in class. [单选题] *A. soB. andC. but(正确答案)D. or23、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister24、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice25、Thank you very much. You gave us ____ our factory needed. [单选题] *A. informationB. informationsC. the information(正确答案)D. the informations26、She serves as a secretary in a university. [单选题] *A. 为…服务B. 担任…职务(正确答案)C. 竞争…服务D. 申请…职务27、I live a very quiet and peaceful life. [单选题] *A. 宁静的(正确答案)B. 舒适的C. 和平的D. 浪漫的28、( ) It ___ the Chinese people 8 years to build the Dam. [单选题] *A. took(正确答案)B. costsC. paidD. spends29、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest30、The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude towards customers. [单选题] *A. impartialB. mildC. hostile(正确答案)D. opposing。

《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二课后习题答案chapter7

《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二课后习题答案chapter7Chapter 7 Language Change1. The vocabulary of English consists of native and also thousands of borrowed words. Look up the following words in a dictionary which provides the etymologies (history) of words. In each case speculate as to how the particular word came to be borrowed from a particular language.a. sizeb. skillc. royald. ranche. robotf. potatog. astronaut h. emerald i. pagodaj. khaki k. bulldoze 1. hoodlum答：a. size (< old French)b. skill (< old Norse)c. royal (< old French < Latin)d. ranch (< Spanish < French)e. robot (< Czech < old Church Slavonic)f. potato (< Spanish < Taino)g. astronaut (< French)h. emerald (< Middle English & old French)i. pagoda (< Persian < Sanskrit)j. khaki (< Hindi <persian)< p="">k. bulldoze (< bull(Botany Bay Slang) < old English)l. hoodlum (< German)2. The Encyclopedia Britannica Yearbook has usually published a new word list, which is, in the Britanni ca’s editor'sview, a list of those words that had entered the language during the year. Would you expect a yearbook to publish a “lost-word list” recording the words dropped from the language during the year? Defend your answer.答：(略)3. Below is a passage from Shakespeare's Hamlet,King: Where is Pelonius?Hamlet: In heaven, send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there, seek him i' theother place yourself. But indeed, if you find him notwithin this month, you shall nose him as you go up thestairs into the lobby.Act IV, scene iiiStudy these lines and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.答：In modern English, these lines are more likely written as: King: Where is Pelonius?Hamlet: In heaven, send to see there. If your messenger cannot find him there, yourself seek him at the other place. But indeed, if you cannot find him within this month, you shall notice him as you go up the stairs into the lobby.4. Comment with examples on the following statement “Words and expressions will be forced intouse in spite of all the exertions of all th e writers in the world.”答：The statement means that when necessary, people will make use of available uses even if there is no writers' efforts. For example, there are more and more new words and expressions which are introduced into language not by writers, e.g., email, hacker, IBM (international big mouth, means a person who acts like a gossip.)5. Suppose you are outside a government office where doors still bear the notice, “This door must not be left in an open position.” Now try to explain the noti ce in simple and plain English.答：“Keep the door dote. ” or “The door must be kept close.”6. Give at least two examples showing the influence of American English on British English.答：(略)7. Find in any books, newspapers, or journals newly coined words in association with social and political needs, internet or computer language.答：For example: SARS, Golden week, euro, e-mail, bi-media(双媒体的), cybernaut计算机(网络)漫游者, DVD, eyephone(视像耳机), etc．8. With examples, give some plausible explanations for linguistic change.答：(略)</persian)<>。

07GCT联考复习跟我学(词汇语法)(二)(1)

07GCT联考复习跟我学（词汇语法）（二）(1) 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢高频介词短语和搭配.as a matter of fact事实上as a result结果是，所以as far as远到，就——而言，至于as far as—— be concerned就——而言as follows如下as for至于，说到as if好像，仿佛as regards关于，至于as soon as一——就as to至于as well同样，也，还as well as既——又，除——之外（也）.at a time每次，一次at all times无论何时，总是at any rate无论如何.at best充其量，至多at one’s best处于最佳状态，在颠峰时刻at one’s convenience顺便，方便时at first首先at first .sight一看就a t hand在手边，即将到来alarge大多数at last终于at least至少at most至多，不超过at no time决不，从不at once立即at random随机的，无目的地at present现在at the cost of以——为代价.at the mercy of在——支配下at times有时，不时by accident意外地.by any means无论如何by all means尽一切办法by and by渐渐地，不久by chance意外地，偶然的by far远远——，——的多by comparison比较起来by hand用手，亲手by means of凭借，用by reason of由于by way of通过——方法（形式），经由by and large大体上，总的来说by itself单独的，独自的by no means决不by the way顺便说说，附带说说for example例如for instance例如for the present目前，暂时or the most part多半，在极大程度上for short简称，缩写 for sure当然，一定，肯定，毫无疑问for the benefit of为了——的利益for. he sake of为了for the time being暂时for sale代售in a hurry急忙，立即in a sense在某种意义上in a way在某种程度上，从某一点看in a word简言之，总之，一句话in accordance with依照，依据in addition to除——之外，另外in advance预先，在前面in any case不管怎样，无论如何in brief简单的说in case假使，以防万一in case of假如发生，万一发生in charge of负责in common共同的，共用的in comparison with与——相比in consequence结果因此.in consequence of由于in contrast with与——相比in contact with与——接触in danger在危险中in existence存在的in detail详细in fact事实上，其实in favor of支持，有利于in front of在——前面in future今后，从今以后in hand在掌握中，正在进行in honor of为——祝贺，向——表示敬意in itself实质上，本身in line with和——一致与——符合in memory of纪念in no time立刻，很快in no way决不，一点也不in order秩序井然in order to为了，以便in order that为了，以便in other words换句话说，也就是说in particular特别，尤其in person亲自in practice实际上in proportion to与——成比例in question正在考虑in regard to关于in return作为回报in short简言之，总之in sight看得见，视线之内in spite of尽管，不顾in the course of在——期间（过程中）in the distance在远处in the end终于，最后in the face of面对，尽管in the first place首先，第一in the future在将来in the light of按照，根据in the name of以——的名义in search of寻找，寻求in view of鉴于——，考虑到——in time及时on account of基于，由于on an average平均起来，一般说来on average平均起来，一般说来on behalf of代表——为——的代表on board在船上（火车、飞机）on all accounts无论如何on no account决不on the basis of以——为基础on duty值班，当班on earth究竟，到底on fire燃烧着，兴奋着on foot步行on guard值班，警戒occasion(s)有时，偶尔on one’s guard警戒着on sale降价出售，出售的，上市的on schedule如期，按计划on the contrary正相反on the ground of以——为理由on the one hand.一方面on the other hand另一方面on the spot在现场，当场on the whole总的来说on time按时，准时out of breath上气不接下气out of control失控out of date out of order秩序混乱… out of sight看不见，视线之外out of(the)question不可能out of the way不寻常的，已解决的to the point,切中要害，对准to a certain degree在一定程度上to a certain extent在一定程度上to one’s face当着某人的面，坦率的with regard to关于with respect to关于with the exception of除——之外9.其它above all尤其是，最重要的是beside the point离题，不相干beyond question没问题from now on从今以后from time to time有时off duty下班under way在进行中under no circumstances在任何情况下都不under the control of置于——控制之下without question没问题各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢。

词汇语法详细解答

词汇语法详细解答1. We have ____ the system of exploitation of man by man.A. cancelledB. abolishedC. refusedD. rejected2. The drugs must ____ in every way to the standards set up by the government.A. conformB. confirmC. complyD. correspond3. It is common knowledge that one culture ____ with its social and economic development in the area.A. connectsB. relatesC. associatesD. correlates4. It was shameful that the argument ____ a handfigh t.A. ended inB. came toC. ended upD. culminated in5. The artist and the author both tried to ____ the splendor of the sunset.A. depictB. narrateC. describeD. tell6. The river water was ____ from its old course intoa new channel where they were building the dam.A. turnedB. switchedC. shiftedD. diverted7. He was ____ with the power of acute observation.A. conferredB. endowedC. equippedD.bestowed8. Please ____ me on that subject.A. enlightenB. acquaintC. informD. instruct9. The security guard ____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.A. expelledB. propelledC. repelledD. dispelled10. My passport ____ last month, so I will have to get a new one.A. elapseB. expiredC. endedD. terminated11. Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to ______ him in his work.A. blockB. preventC. hamperD. stop12. There were a number of tall structures ____ in different colors.A. enlightenedB. brightenedC. burningD. illuminated13. Montgomery believed in assembling an overwhelming force and then ___ ___ a crushing blow on his opponent.A. affiliatingB. conflictingC. afflictedD. inflicting〖ZK)〗14. The unpleasant taste ____ in his mouth for hoursA. prolongedB. waitedC. lingeredD. lengthened15. The US president ____ in the White House during his turn in office.A. dwellsB. settlesC. residesD. inhabits16. Every day, the news, government reports and scientific studies ______ to the increasing consequences of population change.A. verifyB. testifyC. justifyD. prove17. This agreement will ____ the newspapers from government interference.A. safeguardB. preventC. guardD. avoid18. If you don’t complete the work according to the contract, I will ___ ___ you for damages.A. accuseB. chargeC. sueD. complain19. The women were able to equal or ____ the men whoworked beside them.A. surpassB. exceedC. overtakeD. lagged20. Financial worries gradually ____ his health andhe was obliged toretire early.A.underminedB.disabledC.exhaustedD.invalidated21. It was ____ to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.A.ridiculousB.absurdC.irrationalD.abnormal22. The words were all ____ and well chosen.A.suitableB.appropriateC.aptD.fit23. In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, ____schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16./doc/374813017.html,pellingB.forcedC.obliged/doc/374813017.html,pulsory24. Its strange way of making a nest ____ this birdfrom others.A.differsB.distinguishesC.differentiatesD.discriminates25. If you go to the palace in tennis shoes, they will think you are ___ ___ .A.strangeB.oddC.peculiarD.eccentric您的得分率为： / 25试题答案与解析1. B) 【句意】我们已经废除了人剥削人的制度。