汉英比较翻译教程 第5单元

第5单元I 提示同第4单元II 译法要点5.1不妥的合译 5.2 独立结构: with+复合结构5.3 重新梳理句际关系 5.4 误译：被动句5.5漏译 5.6变通：逗号→破折号5.7呼应：主题 5.8变通：增补（现在完成进行时）5.9 误用：介词 5.10误用：词语5.11变通：分译(单词) 5.12误译：语义逻辑5.13变通：阐释法（II） 5.14 风格：对应式换码5.15历史现在时（I）III 原文与译文【原文】香山红叶（II）听着这个白胡子老人絮絮叨叨谈些离奇的传说，你会觉得香山更富有迷人的神话色彩。

我们不会那么煞风景，偏要说不信。

只是一路上山，怎么连一片红叶也看不见?老人说：“你先别急，一上半山亭，什么都看见了。

”我们上了半山亭，朝东一望，真是一片好景，莽莽苍苍的河北大平原就摆在眼前，烟树深处，正藏着我们的北京城。

也妙，本来也算有点气魄的昆明湖，看起来只像一盆清水。

万寿山，佛香阁，不过是些点缀的盆景。

我们都忘了看红叶。

红叶就在高山头坡上，满眼都是，半黄半红的，倒还有意思。

可惜叶子伤了水，红的又不透。

要是红透了，太阳一照，那颜色该有多浓。

我望着红叶，问：“这是什么树?怎么不大像枫叶?”老向导说：“本来不是枫叶嘛。

这叫红树。

”就指着路边的树，说：“你看看，就是那种树。

”路边的红树叶子还没红，所以我们都没注意。

我走过去摘下一片，叶子是圆的，只有叶脉上微微透出点红意。

我不觉叫：“哎呀!还香呢。

”把叶子送到鼻子上闻了一闻，那叶子发出一股轻微的药香。

另一位同伴也嗅了嗅，叫：“哎呀!是香。

怪不得叫香山。

”老向导也慢慢说：“真是香呢。

我怎么做了四十年向导，早先就没闻见过呢?”我的老大爷，我不十分清楚你过去的身世，但是从你脸上密密的纹路里，猜得出你是个久经风霜的人。

你的心过去是苦的，你怎么能闻到红叶的香味?我也不十分清楚你今天的生活，可是你看，这么大年纪的一位老人，爬起山来不急，也不喘，好像不快，我们可总是落在后边，跟不上。

有这样轻松脚步的老年人，心情也该是轻松的，还能闻不见红叶香?老向导就在满山红叶的香里，领着我们看了“森玉笏”、“西山晴雪”、昭庙，还有别的香山风景。

下山的时候，将近黄昏，一仰脸望见东边天上现出半轮上弦的白月亮，一位同伴忽然想起来，说：“今天是不是重阳?"一翻身边带的报纸，原来是重阳的第二日。

我们这一次秋游，倒应了重九登高的旧俗。

也有人觉得没看见一片好红叶，未免美中不足。

我却摘到一片更可贵的红叶，藏到我心里去。

这不是一般的红叶，这是一片曾在人生经过风吹雨打的红叶，越到老秋，越红得可爱。

不用说，我指的是那位老向导。

【译文】译文1Red Leaves on Xiangshan（II）After the white-whiskered old man had invested Xiangshan with these mystic, colorful stories , I would not spoil the fun by voicing disbelief. Only why was there not a single red leaf all the way up the hill?The old man said："Don't be impatient! As soon as we reach the pavilion half way up the hill , you’ll see everything. "As we reached the pavilion, a truly beautiful sight unfolded itself to the east. The vast Hebei Plain stretched out in front of us with our beloved city, Beijing, hidden in the thick of the misty trees. It was wondrous, in a way, to see Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace, which had always been considered a great lake , appear more like a basin of clear water, and Wanshoushan (Longevity Hill) and Foxiangge (Temple of Incense to the Buddha) mere little artifices for flower pots. We had forgotten about the leaves although the slope higher up was completely covered with them, yellowing and turning red. Too bad that the rain had spoilt the color, preventing them from turning a true red. How beautiful they might otherwise have been in the sunshine !Gazing at them, I asked："What kind of trees are they? They don't look like maple. ""They're really not maples; they're called red trees," the old man replied. Pointing at a tree by the road, he said: "Take a look. This is one. "This tree had not turned red; that was why we paid no attention to it. I went over and broke off a leaf ---- round in shape with its veins beginning to show red."Ah! It smells good! " I could not help exclaiming as I brought the leaf to my nose and detected a faint scent resembling herbal medicine.Someone else smelled it and said: "Oh, yes! It does smell good! No wonder it's called Fragrance Hill. ""Really good! " The old man also commented in his slow manner. "How come in my forty years as a guide I had never noticed its fragrance?""My dear grandpa, " I said to myself, "I know little of your past , but merely judging from the thick wrinkles on your face, it is easy to surmise what a harsh life you must have had. With so much suffering , how could you have had the leisure to detect the leaf's fragrance? I know little,too, of your present life, but you could walk up the hill easily without breathing hard while we had trouble catching up with you. You must be as light-hearted as you are light-footed. Why should you not smell the fragrance of the leaves now?"Amid the pervading fragrance of these red leaves , the old man took up to see Senyuhu (Forest of Jade Tablets) , Xishanqingxue (Sun on the Snowy Western Hills) , Zhaomiao (Bright Temple) and many other scenic spots. It was nearing evening when we began to come down the mountain. Reminded by the first quarter of the moon shining bright overhead, someone suddenly said："Isn't today the Double-ninth of the lunar calendar?" Checking in the newspaper that we had brought along showed That it was the day after the Double-ninth Festival. Our trip this day unexpectedly fitted in with the old custom of climbing mountains on this occasion.Some among us regretted that we had not seen a single beautiful red leaf. But I had found a precious red leaf and hidden it in my heart. It was not an ordinary red leaf but one that had weathered many of life's storms , and whose color had intensified in its deepening late autumn. Needless to say, my red leaf was the old man.译文2The Red Leaves on the Fragrant Hill（II）Listening to the old man's garrulous talking about those fantastic legends , you could feel that the Fragrant Hill was still full of charming mythological flavour. We would not spoil the fun by saying we didn't believe in him. Thus we continued to climb all the way up the hill, but why not a single piece of red leaf could be found?The old man said, "Don't worry. When we climb to the Banshan Pavilion (Hillside Pavilion) , you will see everything. "When we reached "Banshan Pavilion", we looked towards the east. What a splendid sight ! The immense misty Hebei Plain spread before our eyes, and in the midst of the foggy trees Beijing City was hidden. It was really a wonder that the Kunming Lake, which originally held man's vision, now only looked like a basin of clear water. Wanshoushan (The Longevity Hill ) and Foxiangge (Tower for Incense for the Buddha) were but a few potted landscapes of decoration. We all forgot to look for the red leaves on the slope of the hill. Although the vast stretch of them were still partly yellow and partly red, they were actually very interesting. The sad thing was that the leaves spoiled the water, for the red leaves were not red enough. If they had been red through, how luxurious they would have been in the sun shine!Looking at the leaves, I asked："What tree is it? Why is it not quite like Chinese sweet gum?"The old man said, "It is by no means Chinese sweet gum. It is mangrove. " Then pointing to the tree by the road he said, "You see, it is that kind of tree. "The leaves of the mangroves on the roadside also had not yet turned red, so we paid little attention to them. I went over to pick one of the leaves. It was round and only the veins penetrated a slight red colour.I cried out involuntarily：“Aha ! It smells so fragrant ! ”As I put the leaf under my nose, it gave off a slight medicinal fragrance .Another tourist smelled it too and cried："Aha! It is really fragrant! No wonder this place is called the Fragrant Hill."The old guide said slowly too, "It is really fragrant. I have been working as a tourist guide for forty years now, why have I not smelt it?"My old uncle, I am not so clear about your past experience , but from the dense wrinkles in your face, I can guess that you are a man who has experienced hardships in life. In the past your heart was bitter, so how could you smell the fragrance of the red leaves? I am not so clear about your life today, but such an old man as you, while climbing, you neither walk fast nor are short of breath. You seem to be not so quick in your steps, and no matter how hard we tried, we could not keep up with you. An old man with such light steps must be light in your heart. Why then could not you smell the fragrance of the red leaves?The fragrance of the red leaves lingered all over the hill as the old guide led us on to visit other sights as "Sen Yu Hu", "Xishan Qingxuer” (Clear Snow in the West Hill) , Temple of Zhao and other scenic spots around the Fragrant Hill. When we began descending, it was nearly dusk. Lifting my head, I saw half a white moon (the first quarter moon) was hanging in the sky. Suddenly, a companion recalled something and said , "Isn't it the Double Ninth Festival①today?" Fetching out the newspaper, it turned out to be the second day of the Double Ninth Festival. This autumn tour of ours coincided with the old Chinese custom , the Double Ninth Festival !There were also some people who felt it a pity because they had not seen a good red leaf, regarding it much like a fly in the ointment. But as for me, I picked a precious red leaf and held it in my heart. It was not an ordinary red leaf but a red leaf that had experienced the hardship in life. The more autumn advances, the more lovely it becomes. It goes without saying that the red leaf is the old tourist guide.-----------①Double Ninth Festival: An old Chinese customary festival on the ninth day of the ninth month in the lunar calendar. On this day people used to climb onto a high place to peacefully think of their dead men.IV 比较分析与译法（1）〖1〗听着这个白胡子老人絮絮叨叨谈些离奇的传说，〖2〗你会觉得香山更富有迷人的神话色彩。