(新高考)2021届高中英语总复习语法精讲习题精做19 七选五之主旨概括题 含解析
高考英语 复习模块精讲【新教材新高考】：专题十五 七选五
阅读理解七选五在设空时，选项的设置往往遵循“能抽出能还原”的原则，抽出的句子在上下文语境中一般都能找到相应的还原依据。因此，做题时一定要从上下文中找到支撑相关选项的具体信息，有时还需要根据表层信息进行推理和判断才能确定最佳选项。由于备选项中有两个多余选项，它们起着很大的干扰作用，因此在做这种题时，采用筛选法和排除法效果较好。
通读复检，将所选选项代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系和关联结构
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断所选选项是否正确。同时，考生还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近，具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要考生认真分析，仔细辨别，排除干扰，从而选出最佳选项。
定位选项，明确各备选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。填写时要注意各选项中出现的衔接性标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格处上下段的写作内容以及空格处上段尾句和下段首句的意义。将所选选项放入空格处后，看看所选选项是否能与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的一致关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索等，以确保文章无论在内容上还是衔接上都通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作线索与思路的。在定位选项时，要尤其注意文章的写作线索和思路。文章写作线索和思路的连贯性能使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语都相互支撑。如果所选选项放入空白处后，文章写作线索或思路中断或是前后矛盾，应更换选项。
（2）代词线索代词主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及真题练习+课件
标 题
归
段落大意题 纳
文章大意题
题
主旨大意题(段落大意、文章大意、标题归纳) 旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力 1.段落大意题 ① What does the author tell us in paragraph...? ② Which of the following can best summarize para....? ③ What is the...paragraph mainly about? 2.文章大意题 ① What’s the main idea/point of the passage? ② Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ③ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? 3.标题归纳题 ① Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ② What would be the best title for the passage?
...“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上 釉 )and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said...
高考英语阅读七选五专题技巧及历年真题及答案(最新)
高考英语七选五专题通读全文，了解文章大意。
通读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词。
根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，将选项填入文中。
将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
★★★出题位置(a)句子(段首，段中，段尾，缺1句或1个以上的句子)(b)段落(一般是一段)1. 如果问题设在段首（1）通常是段落的主题句认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句（2）与后文是并列，转折，因果关系等。
着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。
（3）段落间的过渡句。
这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2. 如果问题设在段尾（1）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
（2）通常是结论，概括性语句注意在选项中查找表示结果结论，总结等的信号词。
Therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
（3）与前文是转折或对比关系此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。
（4）与前文是并列或排比关系在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此，根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。
（5）所选答案是引出下一段的内容如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。
高三英语二轮复习七选五专题课件：第1讲 主旨概括型
garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.
A.Know why you garden B.Find a good place for your own garden C.It’s our experience of the garden that matters D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
best and easiest ways to “ reduce stress. 解析 根据本段小标题 Breathe your way to relax.”及本空后的句子 Breathe your way to relax. 可知只有 F项 (在日常生活中有很多你可以用的呼吸运动 )最为恰当。 Proper breathing can be beneficial especially when you are at work and just have a short time to spread stressful situations.Breathe in deeply from the nose and breathe out slowly from the mouth while counting from one to ten. 1 you the most.
答案解析
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers， patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening
2021届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解分类练习专题08阅读理解之七选五主题句和结论句练习含解析.doc
专题08七选五主题句和结论句练习AUnsurprisingly, people who are very busy also tend to be very successful and knowledgeable, so it’s in your interest to befriend with them. But how do you talk to such busy people in order to make friends with them? ____1____ the same rules apply. However, there are a few specific rules for talking with busy people in particular.Remember that even busy people are social creatures. That people are busy doesn’t mean they don’t want to chat with others or they don’t enjoy it. ____2___ Busy people can be very social and friendly. Like anyone else, they have a deep-seated need to socialize and make friends.___3___ They know they’re capable and in demand, but it doesn’t mean they expect others to prove themselves to them. The best use of your time talking with busy people is not in trying to impress them. Focus on making a conversation and creating a connection, not on proving yourself.Spend more time in their field. When dealing with busy people, since their time is in high demand, your favorite topics take a slight backseat to theirs. It usually makes sense to make sure they find the topics you talk about meaningful. ___4___Get to the point. ____5____ Their time is highly valuable. So they don’t need you to sugar coat your messages that much, they just want you to say what you have to say.A. Don’t try to prove yourself.B. Don’t hesitate to change your plans.C. They just don’t have that much time for it.D. It’s comfortable for them to chat with people who they like.E. Mostly, talking to busy people is the same as talking to any others.F. Once you’ve found a topic they enjoy talking about, you should explore that topic.G. Busy people have little patience for communicators who beat around the bush.BCharacteristics of an excellent scientistThe Free Dictionary defines (定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. 6. Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.Curiosity.7. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.Patience.8. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification (即时满足) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.Ethical (道德的) qualities.In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment and living things, since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial (商业的) interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest. 9.Working habits.An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. 10.____He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.A.Becoming a scientist takes a long time.B.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.D.However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.E.He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed.F.To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently.G.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.CTo an outsider,any culture can seem confusing. And the UK’s got a thing or two that raisesa few eyebrows.However,understand the why and things might be less puzzling.11. .In a world where 61%of nations drive on the right,the British drive on the left.Why? Most people think it goes back to medieval,maybe even Roman times. 12. when you remember that right-handed people wear a sword on their left hip.Travelling on the left allowed you to keep your weapon arm towards your opponent,who would be on your right.This practice continued until the 18th century when a law was passed requiring all traffic crossing London Bridge to keep to the left.Visitors to the UK that have just washed their hands in an old-fashioned sink might be wondering why one tap is only for hot water,the other cold. 13. .So,why this oddity? It relates to a time when hot and cold water were kept separate to prevent pollution.Drinkable cold water came from a main supply,but hot water came from attic tanks and was not considered suitable for consumption.So they were kept apart.Millions of people drink tea worldwide,but the odd British put milk in theirs.Why? This mysterious practice relates to the quality of china cup used in the 18th century when tea was first imposed.For the majority of the British,the cups available couldn’t stand the heat of the boiling water and would break,so milk was added first. 14. .And this practical tweak soon became a national habit.15. .As you can see,these odd British have perfectly clear reasons for left-hand driving,two-tap sinks and tea with milk.Even if they still seem strange,at least now you’re in the know.A.This makes it difficult to improveB.There is a method to the madnessC.This unusual behaviour makes senseD.You can know the origins of the practicesE.Either can make washing very uncomfortableF.This cooled the cup enough to resist the boiling waterG.Here are the reasons for three of Britain’s more puzzling practicesDMaking other people feel good feels good, and, best of all, it requires little more than agenerous heart. Studies show that people feel happier when they do something kind for another person, and both recipients and good deed-doers can get the benefits. It can't be smarter idea to create this World Kindness Day.____16____Learn a friend's language. Y ou care and take an interest in their experiences. Making someone feel included and respected will feel a greater sense of belonging, an essential component of happiness.____17____. Reaching out to someone for the first time in a long time can be an instant remedy(治疗) for whatever trouble you. It's as simple as a text, a note or a Face Time call. Let someone know you're thinking of them, even after some time apart. Studies suggest strong bonds can improve physical health, too.Genuinely compliment(赞扬) someone. A respectful comment that comes from the heart about someone's unique hair style, excellent performance in a conceit or their great solution to a problem at work might be all it takes to improve someone's mood. ____18____Collect trash you see around your neighborhood. Picking up trash and recyclables off the street beautifies your community and benefits the environment. ____19____ The environment can't clean itself, after all!Thank the people in your life.They are the security guard outside of your workplace, the supermarket worker you see every day, your mom. ____20____ Thank people for the things, big and small, that they do that improve your life. Gratitude is priceless.A. Others' positive words could help some people be a bit kinder to themselves, too.B. If your friends are overweight that too ups the odds you'll pack on pounds.C. Open your heart with some small, free ways to make someone's day.D. Without their help, your world might not rim as efficiently.E. It might even inspire others to take up the task with you.F. Reconnect with a friend or family member.G. Have an eye contact with friends.A 【答案】1. E 2. C 3. A 4. F 5. G【解析】这是一篇说明文。
新高考一轮复习英语全景考点讲练 专题 11 阅读之主旨大意题(含答案)
专题11 阅读之主旨大意【考纲解读】阅读理解在高考中的比重非常大。
所谓“得阅读者得天下”，拿下了阅读就等于拿下了高考的半壁江山。
所以提分的重点就在于阅读。
而阅读理解中主旨大意题是常考题型，也是容易出错的题型之一。
掌握解题步骤，确保主旨大意题的正确率是非常重要的。
【核心考点】一、识别主旨大意题；二、主旨大意题解题方法；考点一【主旨大意的识别提分秘籍】题干主要设置：1.What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?2.The main topic / subject of the passage is _________.3. The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is…4.The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________.5. What is mainly discussed in the text?6.What is the main idea of the passage?7. What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?8. The purpose of this passage is.9. Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?10. Which of the following best summarized the passage?11.The passage mainly focuses on.归纳：文章中如何寻找关键词1.举例中的关键词一定不是文章关键词2.Timex是细节词，细节词不能有3.首段出现疑问句时，对该疑问对回答就是主题句考点二【主旨大意提分秘籍】Main idea 题型的解题步骤1.关键词一定要有2.细节词不能有3.主题句一般在段首断尾，首段尾段提升训练1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s c all, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little tocommunicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughB. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skillsC. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomD. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated【参考答案】D 主旨大意题文章第一句即点明主旨，研究人员表明，他们已经破译出野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。
高三英语七选五复习(说明文、记叙文、议论文)
高三英语“七选五”专项复习七选五这个题型考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握,提高对非连续性文本的解读能力。
该题型其实跟传统题型完形填空有相似之处,完形填空填的是词,而七选五填的是句子,但是他们的考察方式都是一样的,即考生选择的答案要能够使行文连贯,符合英文的语法以及习惯表达,使上下文逻辑通畅。
有时七选五给出的选项有一些特点,如概括性的主题句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(承接上下文)和细节性或注释性句子(对上下文进行解释)等等。
备选答案中含有两个干扰选项,这两个干扰选项在表面上看往往与正确答案有一定的相关性。
根据上述提到的特点,如果主题概括句过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能使文章的行文顺畅,注释性句子与上文脱节等,那么它很可能就是我们要排除的那两个多余的干扰选项。
一、解题步骤第一步：浏览首段和全文的中文注解。
这样做的目的是明确文章的基本话题,看全文的中文注解还有一个好处,就是可以判断中文注解所在段落的偏重点,这样就可以方便我们在稍后的做题过程中优先选出选项。
第二步：标出7个选项当中的关键词。
关键词有两类：名词、形容词和副词第三步：阅读各空格前后句,圈出关键词。
在了解文章大概方向和了解选项关键词之后,就要将空格的前后句中的提示线索,即关键词圈出来。
方便找到文章和选项的匹配点。
第四步：比较选项和原文的关键词。
名词是句子主要说明的内容,是不会发生改变的,所以原文出现的关键词一定是会在选项当中出现的,这种出现有两种情况：1、原词；2、替换词,即代词的指代,比如：_______. This layer……由于空格的后一句中有一个"this layer",所以空格处必然会出现layer的提示,接下来只要在选项当中挑出带有这个名词的选项进行匹配就可以了。
在名词的替换词当中,要务必注意空格前后已经选项当中出现的"the"。
形容词和副词在考察过程中基本不会出现原词的情况,这样就失去了出题的意义,但选项当中一定会出现和原文感情色彩一致、同类的形容词和副词。
（新高考）2021届高中英语总复习语法精讲习题精做18七选五之语段过渡题含解析
英语24字整体教学法名师助你一臂之力2021届语法精讲习题精做语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。
的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。
其设空位置比较灵活，其设空位置比较灵活，其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、可位于段尾、可位于段尾、段首段首或段中。
解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。
【典例】(2020·山东卷七选五节选)People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to giv e a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”.__17___ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make aconnection.A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C. You don’ t needto apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listenersG . However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.【答案】A【解析】下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。
【解析】2021年高考真题七选五解析(综合整理 )
七选五[2021年】1. （2021年新高考I卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing （水管）worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, C4Ouverture des portesj in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.You can tell this by cafes life French cafes are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously - so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.A.Not all the customers are tourists.B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.E Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.选项中有两项为多余选项.Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 35 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.36However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.Bydistracting （分心）the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress andanxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain.Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 37 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.When it comes to heart health, there is speculation （推测）that it,s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 38 On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants1 stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.39But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable.A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems.B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.E.The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.F・ It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.G. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.［答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
2021年高考英语7选5解析版
【命题趋势】阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。
＂的阅读学习和教学理念。
该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。
其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。
文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
【满分技巧】【解题步骤1】在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。
1.先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。
【巧学妙记】（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数次）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。
）2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。
衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。
可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。
3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。
4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。
答题技巧细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)1.词汇的衔接包括：（1)词汇复现复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
七选五讲解
2013年高考英语七选五专项复习训练第一部分：英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及答题策略一．.命题依据2007年国家教育部考试中心推出的新题型——补全短文，又称七选五。
即从一篇短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项。
此题型拓宽了阅读理解能力考察的深度和广度，不仅考察了考生句子层面的阅读理解能力，还考察了语篇层次上的阅读理解能力，即考生的语感和语境领悟能力，把握作者思路的能力，以及对整个语篇或语段的衔接手段与连贯性的洞察力。
“考试说明”要求：“理解文章的基本结构。
英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。
主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的主题。
主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个主题。
各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。
如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与段与段之间的逻辑关系。
这是七选五命题的依据该题型恰恰符合《英语新课程标准》提出的“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的更高层次的要求。
二．. 选题特点通过对2007、2008、2009, 2010, 2011，2012宁夏、海南，吉林等卷的研究发现，这种题型以说明文和议论文居多，这两种文体的结构都比较清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求；因为记叙文描述的情节联系紧密，所设选项要紧扣文章的情节，少有暗示，难度稍大，题空不好设置所以相对较少。
短文的特点如下:1. 短文词数300左右，正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右；2. 短文篇章结构常为：提出问题—解决问题3. 七个选项意义上都与短文相关；4. 选项均为完整句子，句型不一；5. 顺序通常按长度排列三. 2007—2012年试题内容及词数1. 07年：假期学生如何组织俱乐部2. 08年：如何做笔记3. 09年：如何使孩子在家里好好学习4. 10年：述职会上如何回答上司和同事的提问5. 11年：家长如何教育孩子认识金钱6. 12年：如何用四步解决生活中的压力7. 短文总词数：07年271词；08年251词；09年278词；10年262词；11年319词；12年282词8. 题型：标题概括、段落主题句、过渡句和细节句。
2021高中英语一轮复习课标版专题十 主旨大意(试题部分)
专题十 主旨大意探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国Ⅰ 课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ 2019 第33题,第35题 第31题,第35题 第27题 2018 第27题,第31题 第28题,第35题 第27题, 第35题 2017 第31题 第28题,第31题 第28题,第35题 2016 第35题 第32题 第35题 2015 —— 第28题 —— 考点内容 主旨大意题要求学生在理解全文后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想,因此需要学生能够分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题或文章最后的结论,从而找出文章主旨或文章的标题。
分析解读1.主旨大意题有一个明显的特点:要求学生通读全文,从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。
通常情况下,考查对象分为两大类:即篇章主旨和段落主旨。
篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行．．．．．．．．．．．．．提问．．,．而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
2.主旨大意题考查的是学生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求学生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,梳理出整篇文章的主旨大意。
它既考查阅读理解能力．．．．．．．．．．,．又考查深层次的推理、概括能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．所以在阅读理解试题中．．．．．．．．．．难度相对较大．．．．．．。
课标全国卷近五年考查主旨大意题的题量相对较少,但考查深度、难度却不断增加,解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后方可得出正确答案 。
考查形式由简单的主题归纳变得综合性越来越强,同时文章的跳跃性强,隐含信息增多,常以标题归纳的形式出现,这就要求学生在理解文章主旨大意的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。
【五年高考】A 组 统一命题·课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:370During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers. The likables ’ plays-well-with-othersqualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there ’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein ’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness,openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.3.What did Dr.Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?A.They appeared to be aggressive.B.They tended to be more adaptable.C.They enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academically.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Be Nice—You Won’t Finish LastB.The Higher the Status,the BetterC.Be the Best—You Can Make ItD.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness答案1.C2.A3.B4.APassage2(2019课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:348Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtel’s“me” time.And like more Americans,she’s not alone.A new report found46percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent,according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know?”Bechtel said,looking up from her book. Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demeritt,whose company provided the statistics for the report.1.What are the statistics in paragraph2about?A.Food variety.B.Eating habits.C.Table manners.D.Restaurant service.2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.C.To have some time on her own.D.To collect data for her report.3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes videos for the bar.B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.答案1.B2.C3.D4.APassage3(2018课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:264Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under￡5per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay￡5for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for26p a portion,because they are flour,water, sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案1.B2.C3.C4.DPassage4(2018课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:294Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun,according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers,some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives,and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings,“the proportion(比例)who say they‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from8percent of13-year-olds and9percent of17-year-olds in1984to22percent and27percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children,ages2—8,remain largely the same.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined,from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading,the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently,compared to infrequent readers,have more books in the home,more books purchased for them,parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches,and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近)ahead,parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Children’s reading habits.B.Quality of children’s books.C.Children’s after-class activities.D.Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports“children are reading a lot less for fun”?A.In paragraph2.B.In paragraph3.C.In paragraph4.D.In paragraph5.3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm children’s health.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.答案1.A2.B3.C4.APassage5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:312Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over300years its population grew gradually from800people to8million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path, killing63people.For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000people who dug for gold,4,000got rich.About100of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today,people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is762.1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture.B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position.D.Its favourable climate.2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A.They found the city too crowded.B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C.They were unable to stand the winter.D.They were short of food.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The gold rush in Canada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.答案1.C2.B3.B4.APassage6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:325Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganization)recently set April30as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It’s actually color,and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in1908or1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me,it’s the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we,as humans,gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April30as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph3refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every50years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz Day答案1.D2.C3.C4.APassage7(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at1,400feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around70miles per hour on the road and115in the air.It flies using a23-gallon tank of gas and burns5gallons per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets35miles per gallon.Around100people have already put down a$10,000deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale,and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the NewYork Auto Show.But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways.It’s expected to cost$279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft,which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete20hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.3.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto ShowB.The Transition’s First FlightC.Pilots’Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality答案1.A2.C3.B4.DPassage8(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝)and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe,the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航)tools,night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country,driving is important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo,the leading researcher on the older driver study,explains:“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”“For example,most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break thespeed limit and be at risk of getting fined.We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案)to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older drivers’problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologies.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.anize regular physical checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A New Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC.Driving Services for EldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road答案1.C2.A3.B4.DPassage9(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:332The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold答案1.C2.A3.D4.BPassage10(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:254Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson,the managing director of BookCrossing,says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the“real”and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph2refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading:A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books:A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books答案1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage11(2015课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:304Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed33percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue.Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about70fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least30minutes.And while you’re at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about22percent more when using a12-inch plate instead of a10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by14percent.And we’ll pour about30percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about.A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buyingD.healthy diets2.A home environment in blue can help people.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music.e smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?答案1.B2.B3.C。
高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)：第19讲 七选五(讲义) (原卷版)
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
3.因果关系
因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果(有时也为原因)。常见的标志性词语有so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such ... that ..., so that, result in/from, lead to, due to, thanks to, owing to等。
【真题典例】(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”.36According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
第19讲七选五（讲义）
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测
【复习目标】
掌握七选五命题规律
掌握段首句解题策略
掌握段中句解题策略并熟知逻辑关系词
掌握段位句解题策略
【考情分析】
(新高考)2021届高中英语总复习语法精讲习题精做16 阅读理解之主旨大意题 含解析
2021届语法精讲习题精做语法精讲习题精做16：阅读理解之主主旨大意题主要考查对全文内容或某一段的内容的归纳总结能力，是在对原文深刻理解基础上的高度概括能力，是高考中的难点之一。
主旨大意题最关键的就是把握主题句和主题词。
1.标题归纳题【典例】（2020·浙江卷C篇节选）Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB. Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。
“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age”是本文的主题句。
结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。
故选C项。
【点拨】标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面，一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短，能覆盖全文大意。
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2021届语法精讲习题精做主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。
这类题通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。
【典例】(2020·新课标Ⅰ节选)●___37___ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.A. Feeling upset again?B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human.E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.G. When does the comparison game start?【答案】F【解析】本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。
故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。
)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
AHow do you react to challenges? Do you run and hide, or do you face them with your head语法精讲习题精做19：七选五之主旨held high? Having confidence in yourself can give you power to face challenges and succeed in the following two aspects of life.1．Everyone knows that looking confident during a job interview will help you get the job. Confidence actually can help you in your career. In other words, if you think you’ll succeed in your workplace, it’s more likely that you will succeed one day.Social skillsB eing sure of yourself can also make you feel calm when meeting new people. You’ll be less afraid of rejection, so you’ll be free to be yourself. 2．. Your nice image will make them more willing to interact with you.But how to develop your confidence?● 3．. Make a list of your strengths and weaknesses. Being confident doesn’t mean you have to be blind to problems you have. But you want balance. Be sure to think of a strength for every weakness you write down.● Set goals. Make some goals for your daily tasks. If you could accomplish anything in life, what would it be? Think big but also think smal1. 4．. Some of your goals can involve improving the weaknesses you listed. Then you’ll have one reason fewer to doubt yourself.● Look your best. Taking a l ittle time to make yourself look good will help you have a positive attitude.● Stand up straight, smile and look people in the eye. 5．.Having confidence in yourself takes some effort, but it brings great benefits.A. Know yourselfB. Professional performanceC. It’s difficult to build up confidenceD. That makes it easier to make a good impressionE. Write down the problems you often come across in school lifeF. Even getting something small done will give you confidence to achieve more goalsG. Act co nfidently, it won’t be long before your feelings follow the three kinds of behaviorsBSteps to write a good essayIf you ask many people, they will probably say that writing a research paper is challenging.6.______Firstly, choose a topic that you are interested in or a topic you are curious about, which will motivate you to do the necessary research on it. Meanwhile, for helpful and reliable sources of information, the library is the best resource. Use books, published articles, journals, newspapers and magazines to research your chosen topic.7.______ Color code them by topic, and use different-colored highlighters to mark the details so you can find each topic easily. Every time you note something down, write the bibliographical information, including the author, the book title, page numbers used, volume number, publisher's name and date of publication.After in-depth research, you can go on to write an outline. With all the notes and important information you've gathered, determine where each topic fits.8. ______Finishing the outline, you can begin the first draft.9. ______ You can do more research if you feel like you're lacking information. This is only the first draft, so you can still make changes as you go on.Once you reread your first draft over and over and make the necessary changes you feel you should make, it is time to write your final draft. Make sure that all the vital information is included and that your writing makes sense and has a steady and natural flow all throughout.10. ______ At last, read the final version as many times as you want and even ask a friend or professor to read it too.A. Then, do the research.B. Next, be organized with your notes.C. Simply note which parts will be the beginning, middle and end.D. Once the question has been answered, you can begin constructing your essay.E. Indeed, it requires thorough research and needs a few basic tips for it to be less challenging.F. This is the part where you put more details into the paper so people can read it and actually understand it.G. Check the spelling and grammatical errors, and every source you used is listed in the paper's bibliography.DRunning is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. Given that it's so easy to take up the sport, a lot of beginners jump right into running without actually knowing what it takes to establish a healthy routine.___11___. If you are just starting out, avoid the following things to help you increase your chances of running success.Doing too much too soonOne of the biggest mistakes beginners make is doing too much too soon. Picking up a new hobby like running is no doubt exciting. Runners need to ease into the sport before increasing the distance.___12___.___13___Beginners might think they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth.___14___, especially for beginners whose muscles and bones haven’t yet been conditioned for such intense (剧烈的) exercise. So it's important to give your body ample rest between workouts. Follow a training plan that includes rest days.Comparing yourself to others___15___, You’re excited about running, so you are probably reading running blogs, magazines and message boards where you might start to feel inadequate about your own running pace. Instead of getting down on yourself，remember that every runner was once a beginner and use their success as motivation!A. Not running every dayB Not taking rest daysC. Running is a demanding activity which can be really hard on your bodyD. As mentioned, a healthy routine is what they attach importance toE. When starting out with running, it's tough not to compare yourself to othersF. Many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training or lead to injuryG. It will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue with your new running routineA【答案】1-5 BDAFG【解析】本文是说明文。