导学案：被动语态

被动语态
【语言感知】将下列句子译成汉语
①The Great Wall was built more than 2000 years old.
② A new bridge is being built across the Changjiang River.
③The project will (is going to) be finished next month.
④Many trees have been planted around the lake.
⑤Old people should be taken care of/looked after.
⑥Books can’t be taken out of the library.
⑦A gift was given to me on my birthday.
⑧What are the shirts made of ? Are they made of cotton? Where were they made?
⑨As far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.
⑩The painting isn’t made from grass.
【合作探究】
一、英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态.
二、基本结构：be + 过去分词(PP) + (by …)
不同时态下的被动语态
注意：see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。

常用结构Be seen to do, be made to do, be heard to do, be watched to do。

※He is often heard to play the guitar.
三、主动式表被动的几种特殊情况：
1.动词(表示主语的属性特征) + 副词(well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。

read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink,…
※The books sell well．This kind of cloth washes easily．
2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。

difficult, easy, hard,
fit, pleasant, good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe,…
※The fish is not fit to eat (eat)．We find English is hard _______ (learn)．The article is difficult ___________ (understand).
3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。

※I have a lot of homework ______(do)．I’ll give him some books ______ (read)．
4.表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。

(look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear, make,...)
※The steel feels cold．
5.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。

(begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, move, run,...)
※The shop opens at 6 am. every day
6.作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。

※Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed．The book is worth reading.
【当堂检测】
一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

（1×10=10分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面
．．．．．．．．．．．．)
1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
st year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ? They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?
11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
12. The stars can’t _____________ (se e) in the daytime.
13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?
16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
17.We find English isn’t hard _______ (learn).
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。

1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）
_______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．
3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)
How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ?
4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.
5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
答案：一、1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn’t been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17.to learn
二、1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung 5. needn’t be done。