职称英语综合类补全短文第四篇The First Four Minute逐句翻译
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(3)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（3）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Are Online Friends Real Friends?Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship. ____(1)____. Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate1.Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ____(2)____. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ____(3)____. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hid e the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline”friends. ____(4)____. In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”____(5)____. They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connectionwhen you don’t share experiences in person4.People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”注释：1.Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。
2019年职称英语(理工类)补全短文文章及译文2
2019年职称英语(理工类)补全短文文章及译文2 How Deafness Makes It Easier to HearMost people think of Beethoven's hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely deaf.This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view. 1 . In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to create new forms and harmonies. Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians who become deaf. They continue to"hear" music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being played.2 . He described a fascinating phenomenon that happenedwithin three months：" my former musical experiences began to play back to me. I couldn't differentiate between what I heard and real hearing. 2 After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to ' hear' music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods. "How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smellis both"out there" and at the same time within us? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant.3 . However, it might be possible to use the brain's remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.When Michael Edgar first" switched on" his cochlear implant,the sound's he heard were not at all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday sounds.For example," The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once. "The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with others. When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices "coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection. " But when it came tohis beloved music, the implant was of no help. 4 . He said,"I play the piano as I used to and hear it in my head at the same time. The movement of my fingers and the feel of thekeys give added ' clarity' to hearing in my head. ''Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is not perfect, but which can change their lives. 5 . Even the most amazing cochlear implants would have been useless to Beethoven as he composed his Ninth Symphony at the end of his life。
职称英语考试理工类补全短文练习
职称英语考试理工类补全短文练习职称英语理工类补全短文练习一Success StoriesOne of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton.The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in1968.(46) Benetton followed four marketing principles in order toachieve their success.The first principle is Consumer Concept.To build a successful business,you have to develop products around things peoplevalue,especially quality.(47) He created clothes to match people's wants: the style is casual;the colors and patterns are bold;and the quality is excellent.The System Link is another feature of good marketing.For Benetton,this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes.(48)The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people's demands.(49) This information is then sent to the main office in Italy.Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them;it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link.There are Benentton stores in countries around the world.All the stores have the same clothing,the same window displays,and the same approach to sales.(50)The things people like about Benetton stores are that thequality is always high and the prices are generally low.And that spells success.A.The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.B.There used to be a good reason for this.C.When something is sold at a Benetton store,the store records information about the type,size,and color of the item.D.Today,there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.E.This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.F.In other words,Benetton's clothes are made to order.答案：DAFCE职称英语理工类补全短文练习二How to Interview PeopleInterviewing (采访) is one of those skills that you can only get better at.You will never again feel so ill at ease as when you try itfor the first time,and probably you'll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he or she may be too shy to reveal.(46) The rest is instinct,which can all be learned with experience.The basic tools for an interview are paper and two or threewell-sharpened pencils.But keep your notebook or paper out of sightuntil you need it.There's nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad.(47) Take a while just to chat,judging what sort of person you're dealing with,getting him or her to trust you.Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can.If you are interviewing a town official,know his voting record.Ifit's an actor,know what plays he has been in.(48)Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets.(49) Unless the person really hates beinginterviewed,he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him.Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting,and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen.This doesn't necessarily mean that it will go well.In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before,and they will get used to the process awkwardly,perhaps not giving you anything that you can use.(50) You will both even begin to enjoy it - proof that you aren't forcing your victim to do something he doesn't really want to.e back another day; it will go better.B.But at least half of the skill is mechanical.C.As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes,they lack irony.D.You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.E.This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary.F.Both of you need time to get to know each other.答案：BFDEA。
职称英语《理工类B级》全真试卷
职称英语《理工类B级》全真试卷2016职称英语《理工类B级》全真试卷全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的'实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。
下面店铺分享2016职称英语《理工类B级》全真试卷供大家练习。
词汇选项1.—Are those ______?---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.A. sheep ; cowsB. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cowD. sheeps ; cows2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.A. two orangeB. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orangeD. two bottles of oranges3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very goodB. anyC. a piece ofD. two pieces4.___ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily’sC. Lucy’s and LilyD. Lucy’s and Lily’s5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.A. 20 minutes’ walkB. 20 minute’s walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.A. Mr. GreenB. Mr. AllanC. Mr. JamesD. James Green7.Jack and T om are ____.A. good friendsB. good friendC. a good friendD. good a friend8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutesB. minute’sC. minutes’D. minute9.He often has ____ for breakfast.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two pieces of breads10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.A. childsB. childC. children'sD. children参考答案：ABCBD AACCD完形填空The White HouseWe got up early this morning and __1__ a long walk after breakfast. We walked through the business section of the city. I told you yesterday that the city was larger__2__ I thought it would be. __3__ the business section is smaller than I thought it would be. I suppose that's__4__ Washington is a special kind of city. __5__the people in Washington work for the government. A bout 9：30 we went to the White House. It's__6__ to the public from 10 till12, and there was a long line of people waiting to get in. We didn't have to wait very long, because the line moved __7__quickly.The White House is really white. It is painted every year. And it seems very white， because it's got beautiful lawns all around it, ____8____many trees and shrubs. The grounds__9__ about four square blocks. I mean, they're about two blocks long__10__ each side. Of course, we didn't see the whole building. The part__11__the President lives and works is not open to the public. But the part we saw was beautiful. We went through five of the main rooms. One of them was the library, on the ground floor. On the next floor, there are three rooms named__12__ the colors that are used in them： the Red Room, the Blue Room, and the Green Room. The walls are covered with silk__13__. There are__14__ old furniture, from the time__15__ the White House was first built. And everywhere there are paintings and statues of former presidents and other famous people from history.1. A) made B) did C)took D) got2. A) than B) as C) so D) like3. A) But B) Yes C) So D) Then4. A) since B) as C) because D) because of5. A) Much of B) Most of C) A lot D) Lots6. A) open B) opening C) being opened D) opened7. A) pretty B) little C) much D) very much8. A) / B) having C) with D) together9. A) include B) cost C) cover D) spread10. A) by B) on C) for D) with11. A) which B) what C) that D) where12. A) by B) for C) after D) before13. A) cloth B) clothes C) clothing D) cloths14. A) Much pieces of B) many pieces of C) many a D) a great many15. A) that B) which C) who D) when答案：1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. D 12.C 13. A 14. B 15. DThe Greatest Mystery of WhalesThe whale is a mammal - warm-blooded, air-breathing, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them-and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many signs of this. __1__ front flippers, used for steering and stability, are traces of feet.Immense strength is built into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale's pulling __2__ has been estimated at 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have __3__ a whaling vessel for seven hours at the __4__ of eight knots.An enraged whale will attack a ship. A famous __5__ of this was the fate of whaler Essex, which was sunk __6__ South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have had their plates buckled in the same way. Sperm whales were known to __7__ the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.The greatest mystery of whales is their diving ability. Thesperm whale __8__ the bottom for his favourite food, the octopus. __9__ he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the pressure is 1,400 pounds, to the square inch. Doing __10__ he will remain submerged as long as one hour. Two feats are involved in this : storing up enough __11__(all whales are air-breathed) and withstanding the great change in pressure. Just __12__ he dose it scientists have not determined. It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special system of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And __13__ that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that automatically adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But __14__ you can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one __15__ just how these things work.EXERCISE:1. A)Their B)His C)Theirs D)Its2. A)strength B)width C)height D)length3. A)eaten B)crashed C)towed D)lifted4. A)distance B)rate C)voyage D)sail5. A)picture B)film C)example D)book6. A)off the coast of B)of the coast of C0away the coast ofD)in the coast of7. A)hit B)seize C)damage D)overturn8. A)sink to B)rest on C)dive to D)hide on9. A)In that search B)Because of this C)In spite of that D)In support of this10. A)so B)such C)above D)the same11. A)air B)oxygen C)energy D)heat12. A)what B)where C)how D)when13. A)it is believed B)he believes C)we believe D)it believes14. A)because of B)due to C)since D)owing to15. A)communicates B)knows C)hears D)develops答案：D A C B C A B C A A B C A C B阅读理解A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will1 in the world，reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming.It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions，the uncertainties in our climate models still lea'ye open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level.At the same time，resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.Fortunately，if the worst comes to the worst2，scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3.For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem.Until now，that is.A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract global warming.“I use the analogy of methadone4,” says Stephen Schneider，a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming.“If you have a heroin addict，the correct treatment is hospitalization，and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse，methadone is better than heroin.”Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet.One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth;launch trillions of feather-light discs into space，where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays.It’s controversial，but recent studies suggest there areways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect.Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial，because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century，and that would last for at least a century more.1. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks thatA strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming.B to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission.C despite the difficulty，scientists have some options to prevent global warming.D actions suggested by scientists will never be realized.2. Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people toA know what they are doing.B feel their efforts are useless.C think the problem has been solved.D see the real problem.3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict.C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict.D Methadone and heroin are equally effective in treating aheroin addict.4. What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming?A To ask governments to take stronger measures;B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.C To apply sunscreen to the Earth.D To decrease greenhouse gases.5. What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”，according to the lastparagraph?A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming.B It blocks the incident energy i n the sun’s rays.C It is a controversial method.D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.答案：CCACD补全短文The first four minutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes," he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that.You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general,he says, "People like people who like themselves."On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way."__3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one."But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honest" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.__4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ that is at least as important as how much we know.A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.The first four minutes下载全文。
2015年职称英语考试--补全短文(原文及译文)
补全短文部分第一篇What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean --millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. We even use their bones for fertilizer. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. Natural sponges become cleaning aids. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds 一even candy, and ice cream —aswell as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. Some of its contents may cause illness. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.第二篇Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes，ships，trains，motorcoaches, car-rentals，and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers，including car-rental and sight-seeing services. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.第三篇The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you're not crying, your eyes producetears. These create a film over the ey e's surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.Tears relieve stress,but we tend to fight them for all sorts.of reasons. ".People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,”explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe.As children we were sometimes punished for shedding te ars or expressing anger. As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.”Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who areafraid tocry often suffer more heart attac ksthan people cry more freely.When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock,anger, fear, or grief, but they repress the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercise They practice crying so that they can get used toexpressing emotion. Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe, private places,like under the bed coversor in the car. That’s because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact, they may be repressing their own need to cry.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate.It’s good to hold backtears d uring a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don't just cry,” Diamond says, she suggests that you act out the wholesituation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the.stress, you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the pr oblem.”Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.第四篇The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, accordi ng to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, ”Contact：The first four minutes" ’ he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In genera l, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs,fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 . That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. That is at least as important as how much we know.第五篇Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ；the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business.They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especiallyaware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning.International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.补全短文译文译文：第一篇论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。
Unit 4
Unit 4The First Four MinutesI.IntroductionWe know a person in the world and can’t avoid communicating with other persons. Maybe this lesson can help us how to improve our interpersonal relationships, especially first meet strangers. When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? According to the text Dr. Leonard Zunin, it is during the first four minutes they meet someone in a social situation. But why the first four minutes is important? And What shall we do? With these questions, let’s learn the text.II.VocabularyReading the new words and try to master their meanings.III.OutlineGive a few minutes to read this text and try to finish the exercise 2,3. How many parts can be divided? (three parts)Part I (Para 1) According to Dr. Zunin, the first four minutes is most important in a social situation.(Why he thinks the first four minutes is most important?)Part II (Para 2—8) Dr. Zunin suggests what one should and shouldn’t do during the first four minutes.1)What one should do? Why we should do that?2)What one shouldn’t do?3)What are the reasons for the play-acting given by ZuninWe should do:A.Give them our undivided attentionB.Try to appear friendly and self-confidentC.Try to appear interested and sympatheticD.Treat with care these first few minutes togetherWe shouldn’t doA.Make the other person think we are too sure of ourselfplain about our healthC.Mention faults we find in other peopleD.Tell the whole truth about our opinions and impressionsReasons for the play-acting during the first contact:1)Because that’s not the time to complain about one’shealth2)Or to mention faults one finds in other people3)It is not the time to tell the truth about one’s opinionsand impressionsPart III (Para 9) Interpersonal relations are one of the decisive elements of successAbout this point, does the author think about?nguage points1.according to: as stated by sb or in sth; in a manner that is consistent with sthAccording to John you were in Edinburgh last week.You’ve been in prison six times according to our records.2.(be) interested in: showing curiosity or concern (about sb or sth)I shall be interested to know what happens.Are you interested in history?Interesting adj holding the attention; arousing curiosityInteresting people, books, conversation etc3.change:has many meanings; basic meaning: cause sb/sth to become different;alter “变化”“改变”give some sentences to practice how to translate, paying attention to the meaningof ―change‖1)In autumn the leaves change from green to yellow.秋天, 树叶由绿变黄2)I must change before I go to the party.我必须换了衣服再去参加聚会3)Where shall we change for Liaoyang?我们在什么地方换车去辽阳?4)You can change Renminbi for foreign money in Bank of China.你可以在中国银行将人民币兑换成外币5)I have no change about me. Can you change me a ten-yuan note?我身边没有零钱. 你能兑换十块钱零票给我吗?6)There has been a change; but I don’t think it a change for the better.有变化, 但我觉得不是好转.4.keep (on) doing sth: continue doing sth; do sth repeatedly or frequentlyKeep talking amongst yourselves, I’ll be back in a minute.How can I trust you if you keep lying to me?I do wish you wouldn’t keep interrupting me!look over: to direct one’s eyes over (here)The child was not tall enough to look over the wall.5.as if/though: with the appearance of ; 好象, 似乎,仿佛He behaved as if nothing had happened.As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around.6.in general: mainly, mostly, usuallyIn general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadfulI’m interested in European history in general.7.in reply: when giving an answer (to); as an answerWhat did he do in reply to your challenge?She just shrugged her shoulders in reply.8.claim: vt. to say that sth is true, state as a factNobody believed his claim that he was innocent.He claimed to be the owner of the store.9.accustomed to sth: used to sth 习惯做某事I soon got accustomed to his strange ways.He quickly became accustomed to the local food.10.choose to do sth: decide (to do one thing rather than another)We chose to go by train.He chose to learn German rather than French in school.We chose to ignore her rudeness.11.good for sb/sth: beneficial, wholesomeIs this kind of food good for me?Sunshine is good for your plant.This cream is good for burns.12.contact: n. communicationShe has lost contact with her son.There is very little contact between the two tribes.plain about/of: say that one is dissatisfied, unhappy etcShe complained to me about his rudeness.They have complained (to the council) about the noise.14.apply to: be relevant to; have an effect 有关, 有效, 适用What I have said applies only to some of you.15.arise: v. become evident; appear; originaterise: v. come or go upwards; reach a high or higher level, position;1) A new difficulty has arisen; A storm arose during the night.Use this money when the need arises.2)The cost of living continues to rise.The river has risen several metersHer voice rose in anger.16.the verb form used in that-clause: V+thatBe-subjunctive: form.: infinite (动词不定式原形无‖to‖)When followed by a that-clause, many verbs, such as: decide, decree, demand, insist, move (提议) order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote, ask etcHe ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.The doctor insisted that he not eat meat..17.deal with: attend to (a problem, task); manage sth; discuss sthHaven’t you dealt with that letter yet?The next chapter deals with verbs.18.along with: in addition to 除某事物以外Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.19.get along with sb: have a harmonious or friendly relationship with sb; get on withDo you get along with your boss?We get along just fine.20.at least: no less thanThe repairs will cost at least twenty dollars.V.Summary of the textAccording to Dr.Zunin, the first four minutes plays an important role in making new friends. When first introduced to a stranger, though we may feel uncomfortable at first,we should try to appear friendly and self-confident rather than too sure of ourselves. We need not always be totally honest in our associations with strangers and should choose the right time for everything in our relationships with both strangers, family members and friends. In short, interpersonal relations is one of the decisive elements of success and should be regarded as a must in every school.Finish exercises: P67—69Text B Table Manners and CustomsI.IntroductionIn different parts of the world, there are different table manners and customs. People in the East eat in different ways from those in the West. Even among western countries there are differences between table manners. And what’s more, in one country, table manners have not always been the same and changed with time.II. Read new words & phrasesIII. OutlinePart I (Para 1) There are different table manners in different parts of the world.Part II (Para 2) Some people in the East have taken up the table manners and customs of Western peoples’.Part III (Para 3—4) In the West, there are differences between table manners invarious countries. Drinking customs at table also vary indifferent countries.Part IV (Para 5—7) Table manners have changed with time.Do exercises:Exercise 4: used (adj)to doing sth: having learned to accept sth; accustomed to sth已适应, 习惯used to: modal v. expressing a frequent or continuous action in the past; inquestions and negative sentences use with did.表达过去经常的或持续的行为,在疑问句和否定句中通常与did连用I used to live in London.You used to smoke a pipe, didn’t you?Reading Skills: Guessing Unknown Words (2)The dictionary of course is a basic tool in building up a vocabulary. However, it is far better to read without looking up every new word than to stop reading altogether when your purpose is to get a general picture of your reading. Dictionary definitions help you to gain a better understanding of a new word, but at other times such understanding can be achieved by studying how a new word is used in the context.Examples:1.He works as a dustman and cleans the street every day. (The words cleans the street everyday help to explain the meaning of ―dustman‖.)2.He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he won’t give it up halfway. (The sentence Once he sets up a goal, he won’t give it up halfway tells us what kind of person he is like, thus the meaning of ―resolute‖.)3.All the other members are of the same opinion. They are unanimou s. (The words of the same opinion just mean unanimous.)4.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, New Society, News Week, or The Listener. (Nature, New Society, News Week, The Listener are all periodicals.)5.We don’t like that man. He is as sly as a fox. (The typical characteristic of the fox will help us to guess the meaning of ―sly‖. The sentence ―We don’t like that man‖also serves as a clue.)6.Most of them agreed; however, John dissented. (The word ―however‖is used to introduce a fact that seems to disagree with what has just been said.)E-C Translation Skills: 转译词类英语形容词可转译成汉语的副词、动词或名词1.英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。
2020年理工类职称英语考试B级补全短文练习(2)
2020年理工类职称英语考试B级补全短文练习（2）The first four minutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends?During their first four minutes together,according to a book by Dr.Leonard Zunin.In his book,"Contact： The first four minutes，" he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships： __1__.A lot of people's wholelives would change if they did just that.You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__.If anyone has ever done this to you,you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people,the author suggests,we should try to appear friendly and self-confident.In general,he says,"People like people who like themselves."On the other hand,we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves.It is important to appear interested and sympathetic,realizing that the other person has his won needs,fears,and hopes.Hearing such advice,one might say,"But I'm not a friendly,self-confident person.That's not my nature.It would be dishonest for me to at that way."__3__.We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality."It is like getting used to a new car.It may be unfamiliar at first,but it goes much better than the old one."But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel thatway?Perhaps,but according to Dr.Zunin,"total honest" is not always good for social relationships,especially during the first few minutes of contact.There is a time foreverything,and a certain amount of play-acting may be bestfor the first few minutes of contact with a stranger.That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people.It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.__4__.For a husband and wife or a parent andchild,problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart.Dr.Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care.Ifthere are unpleasant matters to be discussed,they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school,along with reading,writing,and mathematics.__5__ that is at least as important as how much we know.A.In reply,Dr.Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.B.Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.C.In his opinion,success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D.Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E.He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder,as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F.He is eager to make friends with everyone.The first four minutes参考答案：1.D.词语呼应：D中charged particles与前句呼应,the earth与后句呼应。
2014年职称英语,补充短文
第五部分补全短文Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim Women There is a range of reasons why thin women think they’re too heavy，but the distorted body image may often have its roots in chilmlood．the results of a new study suggest．ReSearchers found that among more than 2，400 thin women they surveyed，nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy____1________．According to the study authors，1ed by Dr．Susanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society，Copenhagen，society’s “ideal”female body is moving toward an underweight physique·____2_______To investigate body image among thin women，the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women ages 27 to 38 whose body mass index was at the low end of normal____3___。
Overall，almost 10 percent of the women thought they Were too heavy．Those who reported certain“severe life events”in childhood or adolescence，such as having a parent become ill or having their educational hopes dashed，were more likely than others to have a distorted body image．_____4_______ In contrast，traumatic events in adulthood，such as serious illness or significant marital problems，were not related to poor body image，也e researchers report．_________5_______词汇：distort vt．扭曲，歪曲Danish adj.丹麦的underweight adj.重量不足的physique n．体形questionnaire n.调查表dash vt.使(希望、计划等)破灭，挫败traumatic adj．使人不快的，令人痛苦而难忘的adulthood n．成年marital adj．婚姻的；夫妇间的注释：1．a range of reasons：一系列原因2．body mass index：体质指数3．at the low end of normal：正常值的下限4．The same was true of．．．：……也同样如此练习：A The same was true of'women who started having sex or drinking alcohol when they were younger than 1 5 years old．B Experiences in childhood，including having an ill parent，or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age，were among the risk factors for having a distorted body image．C “Our results indicate that the risk of being dissatisfied with(one’s)own body weight may be established early in life，”Kjaer and her colleagues write．D Research suggests that many normal—weight wome．~1 wish to weigh less．E If worries have altered your appetite or weight，it will help to talk to someone about it。
2015年职称英语综合类补全短文文章及译文汇总
Virtual DriverDriving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands, feet and brain.A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. (1) Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system： a built-in computer. (2) The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2， analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3) However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at ahy time and in any place? (4) With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. (5) This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.词汇：virtual 虚拟的 built-in 嵌入的coordination 协调，配合 racecar n.赛车cab 驾驶室 expressway 高速公路minicamera n.小型照相机 driverless 无驾驶员的boot.(车身后部的)行李箱注释：1.virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员2.The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at...车的大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。
2020年职称英语综合类B级补全短文练习(2)
2020年职称英语综合类B级补全短文练习（2）The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends？ During their first four minutes together，according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book，“Contact：The First Four minutes‘’， he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting newfriendships：”____（1）____ A lot of people‘s whole lives would change if they did just that.“You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. ____（2）____ If anyone has ever done this to you， you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people， the author suggests， we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general， he says，“People like people who like themselves1.”On the other hand， we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic， realizing that the other person has his own needs， fears， and hopes.Hearing such advice， one might say，“But I‘m not a friendly， sell-confid ent person. That’s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”____（3）____ We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting usedto a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first， but it goesmuch better than the old one.”But isn‘t it dishonest to give the appearance offriendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way？Perhaps， but according to Dr. Zunin，“total honesty”isnot always good for social relationships2， especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a lime for everything， and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3. Thatis not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.____（4）____ For a husband and wife or a parent and child， problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. Ifthere are unpleasant matters to be discussed， they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course1 in every school， along with reading， writing， and mathematics. ____（5）____ That is at least as important as how much we know.词汇：undivided adj.不分散的，专一的personality n.个性，人格accustomed adj.惯常的注释：1.People like people who like themselves.：人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。
第四篇 The First Four Minutes(2015年职称英语补全短文译文)
The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, ”Contact：The first four minutes" ’ he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“ (1) A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. (2) If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear fiiendly and self-c onfident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs，fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a fiiendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”(3) We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in ourpersonality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel t hat way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships2 ’ especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 . That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.(4) For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often ariseduring their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. (5) That is at least as important as how much we know.练习：A In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.C In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F He is eager to make friends with everyone.答案与题解：D本文主要讲与人初次见面最初四分钟对于人际交往的重要性。
2020年职称英语《卫生类AB级》补全短文模拟(2)
2020年职称英语《卫生类AB级》补全短文模拟（2）The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends?During their first fourminutes together,according toa book by Dr.Leonard Zunin.In his book,"Contact： The firstfour minutes",he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：" ___（1）___ A lot of people'swhole lives would change if they did just that."You may have noticed that the average person（一般人）does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met.___（2）___ If anyone has ever done this to you,you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced（被引见） to new people,the author suggests,we should try to appear friendly and self-confident.In general,he says,"People like people who like themselves.''On the other hand,we should not make the other personthink we are too sure of ourselves.Itis important to appear interested and sympathetic（同情）,realizing（意识到） thatthe other person has his own needs,fears（恐惧）,and hopes.Hearing such advice,one might say,"But Fm not afriendly,self-confident person.That's not my nature.It wouldbe dishonest for me to act that way."___（3）___ We can become accustomed to（适合） any changes we choose to make in our personality."It is likegetting used to a new car.It may be unfamiliar at first,butit goes much better than the old one."But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence（自信心） when we don't actually feel that way?Perhaps,but according to Dr.Zunin,"total honesty" is not always good for social relationships 2,especially during the first few minutes of contact.There is a time foreverything,and a certain amount of play-acting may be bestfor the first few minutes of contactwith a stranger.That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in otherpeople.It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.___.（4）____ For a husband and wife or a parent and child,problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart.Dr.Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care.If there are unpleasant matters to bediscussed,they should be dealt with（处理）later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in every chool,along with reading,writing,and mathematics ___（5）___ That is at least as important as how much we know.练习：A In reply,Dr.Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable aboutchanging our social habits.B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with familymembers and friends.C In his opinion,success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention forfour minutes.E He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder,as if hoping to find someone moreinteresting in another part of the room.F He is eager to make friends with everyone.。
the four minute mile阅读理解
the four minute mile阅读理解摘要：一、引言1.介绍“四分钟里程碑”的背景和意义2.表达对罗杰·班尼斯特的敬意和赞扬二、罗杰·班尼斯特的成就1.成为第一个在四分钟内跑完一英里的人2.创造新的世界纪录3.激发了其他运动员的信心和斗志三、四分钟里程碑的影响1.对运动员的鼓舞和启示2.对田径运动的推动和发展3.对人类极限的挑战和突破四、结论1.总结罗杰·班尼斯特的成就和影响2.表达对未来运动界的期待和信心正文：一、引言“四分钟里程碑”是一个象征着人类耐力和意志的极限的里程碑。
在田径运动历史上，四分钟跑完一英里一直被认为是不可能完成的任务。
然而，1954 年，罗杰·班尼斯特以3 分59 秒4 的成绩跑完了一英里，成为第一个在四分钟内完成这项任务的人。
他的成就不仅创造了新的世界纪录，而且激发了其他运动员的信心和斗志，推动了田径运动的发展。
二、罗杰·班尼斯特的成就罗杰·班尼斯特在1954 年的牛津大学田径比赛上，以3 分59 秒4 的成绩跑完了一英里，成为第一个在四分钟内完成这项任务的人。
他的成就不仅创造了新的世界纪录，而且激发了其他运动员的信心和斗志。
在此之前，许多专家和教练认为四分钟跑完一英里是人类身体的极限，但是班尼斯特的成就打破了这个观念，为田径运动开辟了新的领域。
三、四分钟里程碑的影响班尼斯特的四分钟里程碑对运动员产生了深远的影响。
他的成就鼓舞了其他运动员的斗志，让他们相信自己也能突破自己的极限。
此后，越来越多的运动员开始挑战四分钟大关，并在短时间内取得了显著的进步。
四分钟里程碑的出现，也推动了田径运动的发展，让更多的人开始关注和参与这项运动。
四、结论罗杰·班尼斯特的四分钟里程碑是一个伟大的成就，他的成功不仅彰显了人类耐力和意志的力量，而且对田径运动产生了深远的影响。
他的故事告诉我们，只要我们有信心和毅力，就能突破自己的极限，实现更大的成就。
四分钟跑步英文作文带翻译
四分钟跑步英文作文带翻译英文：I have been running for four minutes every day for the past month. It has become a habit for me now and I feel great after each run. Running is a great form of exercise that not only strengthens your body but also clears your mind.During the first week, I found it difficult to run for four minutes straight without stopping. My breathing was heavy and my legs felt like they were going to give out. However, I pushed through and kept going. By the second week, my body had adjusted to the routine and I was able to run without feeling as tired.Now, after a month of running, I have noticed a significant improvement in my stamina and overall health. I am able to run for longer periods of time without feeling as winded and my body feels stronger and more toned.Running has also helped me clear my mind and reduce stress. Whenever I feel overwhelmed or anxious, I go for a run and it helps me feel more relaxed and focused. It's amazing how much of a difference just four minutes of running can make in my day.中文：我已经连续一个月每天跑四分钟了。
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2019职称英语《卫生类AB级》补全短文模拟(2) The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first fourminutes together， according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book，“Contact： The first four minutes”， he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“ ___(1)___ A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that.”You may have noticed that the average person(一般人) does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. ___(2)___ If anyone has ever done this to you， you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced(被引见) to new people， the author suggests， we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general， he says，“People like people who like themselves.''On the other hand， we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. Itis important to appear interested and sympathetic(同情)， realizing(意识到) that the other person has his own needs， fears(恐惧)， and hopes.Hearing such advice， one might say，“But Fm not a friendly， self-confident person. That'snot my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way.”___(3)___ We can become accustomed to(适合) any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first， but it goes much better than the old one.”But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence(自信心) when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps， but according to Dr. Zunin，“total honesty” is not always good for social relationships 2， especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything， and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contactwith a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.___.(4)____ For a husband and wife or a parent and child， problems often arise during theirfirst four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed， they should be dealt with(处理)later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in every chool， along with reading， writing， and mathematics ___(5)___ That is atleast as important as how much we know.练习：A In reply， Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable aboutchanging our social habits.B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with familymembers and friends.C In his opinion， success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D Every time you meet someone in a social situation，give him your undivided attention forfour minutes.E He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder， as if hoping to find someone moreinteresting in another part of the room.F He is eager to make friends with everyone.。
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The First Four Minutes最初四分钟When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends?人们什么时候决定他们是否愿意成为朋友？During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, “Contact：The first four minutes" he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.(1) A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”按列奥纳多?祖尼博士的书中所说是在他们相处的最初四分钟。
在他的书《接触：最初四分钟》里，他向所有对开始新的友谊感兴趣的人们提出了这样的建议：“每次你在社交场合遇到什么人时，全神贯注地注意他四分钟。
如果这样做了的话，他们的生活就会完全不同。
”；You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. 你可能已经注意到了，一般人都不会全神贯注地注意一个他刚认识的人。
(2) He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more.他不停地往其他人身后看，好像要在屋里其他地方找到更趣的人似的。
If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.如果有人对你这样，你大概不会很喜欢他。
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear fiiendly and self-confident. 作者建议，当我们被介绍给新认识的人时，我们应该尽力显得友好和自信。
In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”一般讲，他说: “人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。
”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. 另一方面我们不能让别人觉得我们太自以为是。
It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs，fears, and hopes.表现出感兴趣、有同情心，能意识到别人有他们自己的需要、担心和希望是很重要的。
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”听到这样的建议，有人或许会说：“但是我不是一个友好的、自信的人。
那不是我的天性。
我如果那样做将是不诚实的。
”(3) In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. .作为回答，祖尼博士说只要我们稍加练习就可以帮助我们改变社交习惯。
We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. 对我们选择的个性上的改变我们会慢慢习惯。
“It is like getting used to a new car.“这就像适应一辆新车It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”一开始会觉得陌生，但它比旧车好开。
”But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way?但是当我们不觉得友好且自信的时候却给人那样的表象，这是诚实吗？Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships2 ’especially during the first few minutes of contact. 可能是，但是祖尼博士认为在社会关系上“绝对的诚实”并非总是好的，尤其是在接触的最初四分钟里。
There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 .任何事情都有时间限制。
在和陌生人接触的头几分钟适当演一点儿戏是最合适不过的了。
That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people.那种时候不适于抱怨健康状况或谈论别人的缺点，It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.也不适于全盘托出某人的观点和印象。
(4) Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family membersand friends.以上有关陌生人的建议有很多也适合于家庭成员和朋友间的关系。
For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. 对于丈夫和妻子或父母与孩子来说，久别重逢的前几分钟最容易出问题。
Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. 祖尼博士建议认真对待离别重逢的最初四分钟。
If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.如果有不愉快的事情需要讨论，也应该稍后再说。
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. 作者说每个学校都应该把人与人之间的关系作为必修课，和阅读、写作、数学等一起上。
—(5) In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.他认为一生中的成功主要看我们如何与别人相处。
That is at least as important as how much we know.至少这和我们拥有的知识一样重要。
词汇：undivided / 不分散的，专一的accustomed / adj.惯常的：注释：People like people who like themselves.人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。
这里的who like themselves不作“喜欢自己”解，根据上下文，可以解释为“有自信的人”。
"total honesty" is not always good for social relationships:在社会关系上“绝对的诚实”并非总是好的「... a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with astranger. ??…?在和陌生人接触的头几分钟，适当演一点儿戏是最合适不过的了。
apply to:适用于required course:必修课练习：A In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable aboutchanging our social habits.B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.C In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as ifhoping to find someone moreinteresting in another part of the room. F He is eager to make friends with everyone.答案与题解：D本文主要讲与人初次见面最初四分钟对于人际交往的重要性。