初高中英语衔接课程讲义:第二章--语音基本知识
初高中英语衔接之语音知识
语音知识一、英语字母英语包含26个字母,其中有5个元音字母(a e i o u )和21个辅音字母。
单词由26个字母组合而成。
二、国际音标英语包含48个国际音标,分为两大类:元音和辅音。
其中20个元音,28个辅音。
发音时声带振动且气流不受发音器官阻挡的是元音,发音时气流收到发音器官的阻挡是辅音。
根据声带是否振动,辅音又分为清辅音(声带不振动)和浊辅音(声带振动)。
1. Phonetic Symbols and Practice2. 深度音标解析(1)[i:]:嘴巴张大,嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平形。
上下齿略微分开,可见部分下齿,舌前部可接触所有下齿。
发音组合: ie e ea ee单词举例:f ie ld h e m ea t gr ee n t ea r ea d(2)[i]:嘴巴微张,上下齿略微分开,可见部分上齿,舌尖可接触所有下齿,发音时舌头后缩。
发音组合:i u y e ei ey单词举例:s i t min u te cit y b e gin for ei gn(3)[e]:嘴唇略微张开,上下齿稍稍分开,上下门牙部分露出。
舌尖轻轻接触下齿龈。
发音组合:a e ea ue ie单词举例:m a ny b e d br ea d g ue st fr ie nd d ea d(4)[æ]:嘴巴张大,上下齿分开,且上下齿前端部分露出。
舌尖接触到下齿龈后部,双唇向两旁伸成扁平形。
发音组合:a ai单词举例:b a g pl a it p a ck pl a n a pple m a d m a rry(5)[ә:]:嘴唇合拢,成小椭圆形。
上下齿分开,但不露出。
舌头位于口腔中央。
发音组合:or ir er ear ur our单词举例:w or d g ir l p er son l ear n f ur j our nal(6)[ә]:舌身放平,舌中部略微隆起,双唇扁平。
发音组合:a o u ar er our ur oar or单词举例:a rrive c o rrect s u pport doll ar wat erhon our s ur prise cupb oar d act or(7)[ʌ]:嘴巴张开,下嘴唇略低。
语音知识 整理 初高中英语知识衔接
语音知识一、元音字母a e i o u 基本发音规则找出下列划线字母或字母组合的发音规律a name face train say great 发/ /________________________________at bad hat sad black 发/ /________________________________e he we see meat tea believe 发/ /________________________________egg dead leg hen bread 发/ /________________________________ i high fight die sky bike 发/ /________________________________it big stick fish village 发/ /________________________________o no coat boat know grow 发/ /________________________________ not drop hot watch what 发/ / ________________________________u use refuse music student university 发/ /________________________ us but hut nut 发/ /__________________________put push full 发/ /__________________________二、辅音字母p b t d k g f v s z 发音规则/ / pen pig cap / /kite kind king / / tea touch taste/ /bag lab boss / /game gas guess / /desk die duck/ / five fit foot / /save sing see / /tree trace truck/ / visit five view / /zoo zero / /drive drink dress三、单元音[i:]、[i]、[e]、[æ]、[ʌ]、[ə:]、[ə]、[u:]、[u]、[ɔ:]、[ɔ]、[a:] 注意划线字母在单词中的发音[i:] he see tea meat field believe[i] it this big village comrade beside jacket[e] egg desk head dead spread[æ] at sad nap cat black[ʌ] us bus luck cut truck pub[ə:] her work nurse purse nerve deserve[ə] worker about ago obey of to[u:]too school super soup blue ruler[u] book look cook foot wood good[ɔ:] all talk walk small sport horse bought thought taught caught [ɔ] not box drop top watch what[a:] are park bark heart calm四、易错辅音[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[θ]、[ð][ʃ]、ship sheep shop shape shout shake shark wish dish fish [ʒ]、usual casual television treasure decision conlusion[tʃ]、change cheap charge check watch match[dʒ]、jeep job joy large bridge[θ]、thin three thought worth[ð] with this those father brother though五、双元音[ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、[əu]、[au]、[iə]、[εə]、[uə][ei]、face say day waste gate train aim[ai]、hi bike nine right high die my why[ɔi]、boy toy choice oil join[əu]、no so coat low know[au]、our hour tower power flower[iə]、ear fear near here mere beer cheer[εə]、air chair hair fair prepare wear bear care where there[uə] sure poor tour六、音节与重音音节通常由一个元音或一个元音加一个或几个辅音构成。
初升高英语衔接教材讲义系列_专题2.2 词汇衔接篇之语音(练习)(试题版)
第二章 2.2 词汇衔接篇之语音字母组合及发音练习:一.将划线部分的发音填在空白处,并注意字母或字母组合与发音之间的联系。
元音:例词音标1.: sit milk beside pretty money honey study busy Sunday2.: we me see feet tea sea season piece believe thief3.: watch water shop problem stop sorry coffee clock cough4.: short sport talk small warm quarter daughter autumn pour5.: put full wood book could should6.: do who ruler zoo food blue cruel group through7.: cat hat apple bag happy land angry accident glad8.: fast grass father car star start argue heart9.: come some bus butter flood blood double enough10.: seven else get debt many dead ready guess question friend11.: today polite about again famous over monitor measure picture12.: first girl nurse hurt work worst her term early earth13.: late waste wait train play say14.: tiger nine why cry die lie night right15.: soil point voice toy boy destroy16.: go no road goal show own toe17.: about loud cow flower18.: near tear here deer beer engineer19.: fair hair pear bear where there care share20.: poor tour sure辅音:例词音标1.: pen picture apple happy people2.: big table cabbage rabbit bike web3.: tall time fat little bottle worked jumped light4.: dog card middle daddy5.: can music lake seek back truck according Christmas school6.: good dog egg guy guess dialogue league7.: fat knife photo phone enough laugh coffee8.: seven drive vote have very leave9.: seven six pencil ice science miss discuss10.: zoo zero lazy use music eraser11.: think thank mouth three bath birthday12.: they with there father within13.: sugar sure ship short Russia special14.: usual measure decision pleasure15.: china rich teacher match catch church16.: jeep Japan age orange bridge17.: train try truck tree true country18.: drive dress drink dream dragon drew19.: cats students its gets20.: goods birds friends words21.: mine make woman climb common22.: nice fine knife knee announce23.: ink pink spring wing24.: line look tell challenge25.: red road tomorrow arrive wrong write26.: hero hello who whole27.: work window want what when white28.: you young year yellow二.听歌填词Song 1 Take me to your heartHiding from the _____and snow, trying to forget but I won't let goLooking at a __________street ,__________to my own heart beatSo many people all around the world, tell me _____do I find someone like you girl! Take me to your heart take me to your soul, give me your _______before I'm old. Show me what ____is - haven't got a clue. Show me that _______ can be true. They say nothing_______ forever ,We're only here today.Love is now or never,_______me far away ,Take me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your______ and hold me ,Show me what love is - be my guiding star!It's easy take me to your heart!Standing on a __________high, looking at the ______through a ___blue skyI should go and_____ some friends. But they don't really comprehend.Don't need too much ______without saying anythingAll I need is someone who _______me wanna sing.Take me to your heart take me to your soulGive me your hand before I'm oldShow me what love is - haven't got a clueShow me that wonders can be trueThey say nothing lasts foreverWe're only here todayLove is now or neverBring me far awayTake me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your hand and hold meShow me what love is - be my guiding starIt's easy take me to your heartTake me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your hand and hold meShow me what love is - be my guiding starIt's easy take me to your heart.Song 2 Lemon Tree (Fool's Garden)I'm sitting here in the boringIt's just another rainy afternoon I'm wasting my timeI got nothingI'm hanging aroundI'm waiting for youBut nothing ever happens and I wonderI'm around in my carI'm driving too fastI'm driving too farI'd to change my point of viewI feel so lonelyI'm waiting for youBut nothing ever happens and I wonderI wonderI wonder whyYesterday you told me about the blue blue sky And all that I can see is just a yellow lemon-tree I'm turning my head up and downI'm turning turning turning turning turning around And all that I can see is just another lemon-tree Sing, dah...I'm sitting hereI miss the powerI'd like to taking a shower Baby anyhow I'll another toy And everything will happen and you wonderI wonder howI wonder whyYesterday you told me 'bout the blue blue sky And all that I can see is just another lemon-treeI'm turning my head up and downI'm turning turning turning turning turning around And all that I can see is just a yellow lemon-tree Yellow, wonder, wonderBut there's a heavy cloud inside myI feel somyself bedWhile nothing ever happens and I wonder Isolation is not good forIsolation I don't want to sit on the lemon-treeI'm stepping around in the desert of joySong 3 Heal the world (Michael Jackson)There's a place in your (1)_______and I know that it is (2)_________and this place could be much (3)__________ than tomorrow.And if you really try, you'll find there's no (4) ______ to cry. In this place you'll feelthere's no hurt or sorrow.There are ways to get there if you care enough for the (5)________.Make a little space. Make a better place...Heal the world. Make it a better place for you and for me and the entire human raceThere are people (6)_______, if you care enough for the living. Make a better place for you and for meIf you want to know (7)_______there's a love that cannot (8) ______. Love is strong . It only cares of (9)_________ givingIf we try, we shall see in this bliss we cannot feel fear or dreadWe stop existing and (10)______ living. Then it feels that always love's enough for us growing. So make a better world. Make a better world...Heal the world. Make it a better place for you and for me and the entire human raceThere are people dying if you care enough for the living . Make a better place for you and for me.And the dream we were conceived in will reveal a joyful faceAnd the world we once believed in will (11)________ again in grace .Then why do we keep strangling life wound this earth crucify its soul ?Though it's plain to see, this world is heavenlybe God's glow . We could fly so highLet our (12) _________ never die . In my heart I feel you are all my (13)_________.Create a world with no fear Together we’ll cry happy (14) _________.See the (15)________________turn their swords into plowsharesHeal the world. Make it a better place for you and for me and the entire human racethere are people dying if you care enough for the living. Make a better place for you and for me ... ...You and for meYou and for meYou and for mewords1, sorrow ['sɔro] n. 悲伤;懊悔;伤心事2, race [res] n. 属,种;种族3, bliss [blɪs] n. 极乐;天赐的福4,dread [dred] n. 恐惧;可怕的人(或物)5, conceive [kən'siv] vt. 怀孕;构思;以为;持有6, reveal [rɪ'vil] vt. 显示;透露;揭露;泄露7, grace [ɡres] n. 优雅;恩惠;魅力;慈悲8, strangle ['stræŋɡl] vt. 把…勒死;使…窒息9, crucify ['kruːsɪfaɪ] vt. 折磨;十字架上钉死;克制, 10, glow [gləʊ] n. 灼热;光芒plowshare ['plaʊʃeə] n. 犁头,犁刃1、三人行,必有我师。
初高中英语衔接:语音知识、书写课件
/θ/ /s/
浊辅音
/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/
清辅音
/ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/
浊辅音
/ʒ/ / r/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/
鼻音
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
半元音
/ j/ / w/
边音 / ǀ/
• /ɑ:/ • /ɔ:/ • / ɜ:/ • /i:/ • /u:/
3.划分音节步骤 designer / dɪˈzaɪnə(r)/
第一步:数出元音个数 第二步:从后往前开始划分 第三步:划时注意事项
当两个辅音在一起要划开,一个划到前一个音节,一个划 到后一个音节,如remember [rɪˈmembə(r)]
当一个辅音前后都有元音应与后面的元音划分在一起。
labour [ˈleɪbə]
英语中常见的自成音节
• nation /ˈneɪ ʃn/ campus /ˈkæm pəs/ compete /kəmˈpiːt/
• anxious/ˈæŋ kʃəs/ strength/streŋθ/
frightened /ˈfraɪ tn d/
• concentrate/ˈkɒn sn treɪt/
辅音浊化
sport student skirt
在同一个音节中,出现“s + p/ t/ k ”, 一般都读成对应的浊辅音。
[sp] 读成 [sb] [spɔːt] [st] 读成 [sd] [ˈstjuːdnt] [sk] 读成 [sg] [skɜːt]
stand [stæ nd]
根据音节记单词
宁做鸡头 不做凤尾Fra bibliotek音节划分 (几个音节,怎样划分)
lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ female /ˈfi:meɪl/
初高中英语衔接教学资料-语音教学
/I/
• • • • • • • • • • • • i sit rich y city system e pretty basket ie ladies sieve a village private o women u busy ay Monday Sunday ey money monkey ai mountain fountain A fall into the pit, again in your wit.吃一堑, 长一智。
• • • • • • • • • 一般情况下,直接在动词原形后面加 -ed。 work—worked, open—opened 以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 -d。 live—lived, skate—skated 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加-ed study—studied, hurry—hurried 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直 接加-ed play—played, stay—stayed 重读闭音节结尾单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时, 双写这个辅音字母,再加 -ed。 • stop—stopped, plan—planned
形容词比较等级形式变化
• 单音节词末尾加-er,-est • 单音节如以e结尾,只加-r,-st • 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母, 须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er,-est • 少数以-y,-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词, 末尾加-er,-est。 • 以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y 为-i,再加-er和-est。 • 其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词 more和most。
/әʊ/
• • • • • o over ocean o+辅音+e wrote rose ow row grow ew sew All roads lead to Rome.
初高中知识衔接,英语语音知识 2017.9
Amber Spet.4, 2017
音 标
• 音素:即每一个独立的国际音标。 • 国际音标中共有20个元音音素和28个辅音 音素。是在国际上通用的给英语注音的符 号。
音 标
元音
音标
辅音
长元音
单元音
元音
短元音
双元音
元音(20个)(表二)
长 元音
单元音
/i:/
/ɑ:/
/ɔ:/
/u:/
升调 语调 降调
英语的语调的三种主要调型:升调、降调和 升降调,其中最主要 的是降调和升调。 不同类型的语调(升调或降调), 它们的显著区别在于句子的最后 一个重读音节。
一般来说,陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句读降调;一般 疑问句读升调;反意疑问句往往读降升调,如: You are a↘ student, aren’t ↗you? 根据不同语气也可读降降调。选择疑问句常读升降调,如: Do you study ↗English or ↘French? 并列句常读升降调,如: These are ↗mine, and those are ↘yours. 复合句也常读升降调, 仅以含状语从句的复合句为例:当状语从句 在主句之前时,通常读升降调, 如: When he was ↗18, he joined the ↘army. 而当状语从句在主句之后时, 则通常读降降调,如: I’ll go with ↘you, if I have ↘time.
连读
“辅音+元音”型连读 在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以 辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音 拼起来连读。 This~is~a toy. Let me have~a look~at~it. Put~it~on, please.
初高中英语衔接教学—语音2
Discuss the following questions in groups: 1. How do you remember the English
words? 2. When you meet with a strange word, will
you manage to read it? 3. Do you think it is necessary to learn
/æ / 短元音,嘴张大
fat [fæ t]
bag [bæ g]
fact [fæ kt]
have [hæ v]
hand [hæ nd] dad [dæ d]
• 发这个音的字母:a
/ɜ:/ 长元音
girl [gɜ:l] first [fɜ:st]
shirt [ʃɜ :t] work [wɜ :k]
/ ɔ:/ 长元音
sort [sɔ:t]
ball [bɔ:l]
door [dɔ:]
horse [hɔ:s]
发这个音的字母和字母组合:
a、aw、al、or、oor
• a: water
• aw:draw、strawberry
• al:ball、wall
• or:horse、fork、short
• oor:floor、door
发这个音的字母和字母组合:d、ed • d:red、head、bed、cold • ed:smiled、opened、played
/ k/
key [ki:] close [kləuz]
kid [kid] come [kʌm]
发这个音的字母和字母组合:c、k、ck • c:cap、cook、cup、car • k:cook、milk、kite、cake • ck:clock、sock、neck
初高衔接课
[ʃ]
[set] [ʃeɪm]
[z]
[ʒ]
[zest] [dɪ’sɪʒn] [tr]
[θ]
[θɪŋk] [ð]
[tri:t] [dr]
[ðæt]
[drʌg]
Consonants
[h] [r] [m] [n]
[hænd] [ri:d] [met] [ni:d]
[ŋ] [l] [j] [w]
[kɪŋ]
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终
THANK YOU
时间状语
地点状语
his sister because today is her birthday.
原因状语
修饰形容词和副词:This is a pretty simple problem. He runs very fast.
常见的状语可分为11种:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让 步、方式、程度、伴随、比较等。
宾语和宾补的关系相当于逻辑上的主系表的关系。
宾补和双宾的区别:用“是或不是”来判断。 He gives me a book.
Tom is tall.
主语+系动词+表语 (S+ link.V + P)
I am a teacher. They are back.
表语:说明主语的身份、性质、品质、特征和状态,因而表 语也可以叫做主语补足语,修饰主语。
修饰语
状语
主语+谓语
衔接课语音音节学2
(三)字母组合的固定发音
1. ch (1)ch/tch 通常发 /tʃ/ beach chair chain change charge child (2)ch 有时也发 /k/ ache school echo character chemical Christmas (3)英语外来语(通常是法语)中的 ch 一般发 /ʃ/ chef brochure machine
10. tr (1). tr 一般发/tr/ attract control track trade central destroy
11. wh (1). wh 在字母 a, e, i(y) 之前发/w/ what when where which why white (2). wh 在元音字母 o 之前时,常读作/h/, 字母 w 不 发音 who whom whole whose whoever
Preɪt/
female /ˈfiːmeɪl/ campus /ˈkæmpəs/ teenage /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ thank /θæŋk/
exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ lecture /ˈlektʃər/ nation /ˈneɪʃn/
(1)字母 i (y) 在重读开音节中读 /ai/ ice, ice, ice rice, rice, rice Mice says nice nice. Five mice hide behind the rice.
(2)字母i (y) 在重读闭音节中读 /i/ Big pig! Big pig! sit, sit, sit The big pig says The
al ball fall call all ay delay day may play display away ai gain pain hailstone wait are dare prepare spare scare ar car star large enlarge er teacher farmer paper ir circle third thirsty fir birthday shirt dirty or bore door story or word work
初高中英语衔接课程讲义:第二章--语音基本知识
第二章语音基本知识一、26个英文字母及发音音标A a [eI]B b [bi:]C c [si:]D d [di:]E e [i:]F f [ef]G g [dʒi:]H h [eitʃ]I i [aI]J j [dʒeI]K k [keI] L l [el]M m [em]N n [en] O o [əʊ] P p [pi:]Q q [kju:]R r [ɑ:]S s [es]T t [ti:]U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:] X x [eks]Y y [waI] Z z [zi:][zed]从以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素,比如:1)含元音音素[eI]字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk音标: [eI][eitʃ][dʒeI] [keI]2)含元音音素[i:]字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv音标:[bi:] [si:][di:] [i:] [dʒi:] [pi:] [ti:][vi:] 3)含元音音素[e]字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz音标:[ef][el][em][en] [es] [eks][zed]4)含元音音素[ju:]字母:Uu Qq Ww音标:[ju:][kju:] [`d∧blju:]5)含元音音素[aI]字母:Ii Yy音标: [aI][w aI]二、英语音标英语音标一共有48个,具体如下:元音12个单元音长元音[i:] [З:] [ɔ:][u:][ɑ:]短元音[e] [ɒ][ʊ][ə] [І] [æ] [Λ]8个双元音[aI ] [eI] [ɔI] [əʊ] [I ə] [e ə] [ʊə] [a ʊ] 辅音10对 清辅音[p ] [t ] [k] [f] [s ] [θ] [∫] [t ʃ] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音[b] [d ] [g] [v ] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [d ʒ] [dr ] [dz] [m ] [n] [ŋ]3个似拼音 [h] [r ] [l ] 2个半元音 [w ] [j] 新旧英语国际音标对照表最近几年,英语新教材中,逐渐使用了新式音标。
超实用高考英语专题复习:初高中英语衔接课之语音篇课件
[ei] – a, ai, ay, ea, ei
[ai] – i, y [כi] – oy, oi [əu] – o, oa, ow
发音规则及练习
I found a mouse in the house. We are near the end of the year.
[au] – ou, ow [iə] – ear, eer, ea
双元音--/ei/ /ai/ /ɔi/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
发音特点:平滑过渡;嘴型渐变
/ei/ day /dei/ same /seim/ cake /keɪk/
/ai/ life /laif/ kind /kaind/ item /ˈaitəm/
/ɔi/ boy /bɔi/ toy /tɔi/
/t/ + /ʃ/ = /tʃ/ teach /d/ + /ʒ/ = /dʒ/ job /t/ + /r/ = /tr/ tree /d/ + /r/ = /dr/ dry /t/ + /s/ = /ts/ its /d/ + /s/ = /ds/ reads
辅音--鼻音:/m/ /n/ /ŋ/ 半元音: / j/ / w/ 边音:/ ǀ/
单元音--短元音:/ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə / /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/
发音特点:短促有力,干净利落
/ʊ/ /u/ book /buk/ put /put/ should /ʃʊd/ /e/ egg /eg/ bet /bet/ leg /leg/ /æ/ apple /′æpl/ bad /bæd/ pack /pæk/
元音(20个) 单元音(12个):
长元音:/ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ /i:/ /u:/ 短元音:/ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə / /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/ 双元音(8个) :/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
初高中衔接英语语音知识
初高中衔接英语语音知识许多初中学生甚至高中学生没有很好地以拼读规则识记单词,往往事倍功半,吃力不讨巧。
究其原因,一是初中时期没好好学习英语语音知识,二是实践中没有利用所学拼读规则去识记单词,上高中前补上这方面的知识尤为重要,否则就先输在起跑线上二、语音知识1.关于语音的几个概念1)字母:语言的书面形式。
元音a,e,I(y),O,u,2)音标:一个单词的音标形式。
3)音素:音的最小的单位。
英语中有48音素。
4)音节:由元音和辅音组成的发音单位。
请,斯图登特,老师,请站好5)元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不受阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。
英语中有20元音。
6)辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。
英语中有28辅音。
7)开音节:a)(辅音)+元音+辅音+e名字比基霍梅杜;b)(辅音)元音I,a,he,go,hi8)闭音节:a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it,at9)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
2.元音:,1)海,他,看,碎片,天花板坐,建造,想念,神话3)[e]bed,desk,head,again,says,said4)[?]bad,land,bank,stamp5)汽车,快速,等级,植物,平静,一半,洗澡,后姨妈,are6)[?]热,停,炸弹想,看,7)[?:]door,more,sport,ball,warm,quarterautumn,court,bought,caughtbroadcast,alm ost,also,saltworn(wear)8)[u:]choose,do,move,lose,improve,who,blue,soup,too,two,shoe,tomb9)看,很好,木头,脚,兜帽,推杆,公牛,灌木丛,满的,子弹,女人容易混淆的元音1) [e][?]贝德巴德;男人,男人;潘,潘;lendland2)[i:[ei]realrail;问候,太好了;梅恩;readraid3[e][ai]betbite;红字;赛德,头,藏起来4)[au][?:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause5)[au][?] foundfond;gowngone;downdon辅音1)[p]pen,5) [k]蛋糕,冷,杯子,天空,快,学校,背,接受,胃11)[?:]her,girl,serve,nurse,earth,heard,werework,worseworth12)[?] 干部,前,忘记,礼貌,美元,医生,名人,周六13)[ei]cake,they,play,afraid,eight,straight,great,break14)[ai]bike,die,(n)eith er,light,try,child,find,height,eye18) [我?]亲爱的,想法,鹿,这里,凶猛,气氛19)[??]梨,小心,那里,空气,公平[u?]可怜的图尔,6)[g]big,go,guess,language7)[m]man8)九,刀,秋天9)[?]bank,uncle,english,sing,longer10)[l]land,worldsimple11)[r]read,write,一12)[f]five,cough,laughphoto13)[v]voice,of14)[θ]think,path15)[δ]this,bathe16) [s]坐,小姐,科学,案例,围巾[z]动物园,关门,18)[?]sure,she,social,asia,nation19)[?]pleasure,usual20) [h]热,谁,hourhonesturhono21[w]墙,什么,回答22[j]是的23)[?]child,teach,catchpicturequestion24)[?] 笑话,桥牌,大船,船,货物,货物梦想博士1)[v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell2)[s][θ]sinkthink;sortthought;missmy th;massmath3)[z][δ]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes4)[n][?]thinthing; sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang单音节词单音节词是重读音节,在标记发音时不需要使用重读符号。
英语初高中音标衔接之单元音精讲
英语初高中音标衔接之单元音精讲1. 音标的学习音素和国际音标1. 什么是音素:音素是语音的最小单位。
2. 音素的分类:元音和辅音。
3. 音素的个数:共48个,元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。
2.音节的学习1. 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shineb) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello2. 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup, let, mad, mapb)元音+辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant3.重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
3.音标4. 元音和辅音的定义⏹元音:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音。
⏹辅音:不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音。
发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音;发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音元音学习1. 长短:/i:/ /ɪ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/ 大小:/e/ /æ/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/元音分类:前元音、中元音、后元音(1)前元音练习:(4个:/i:/,/I/,/e/,/æ/)发前元音时,发音部位靠近口腔前部.具体各前元音发音要领:[i:]舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/ ,口形扁平。
[i]舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,舌两侧抵上齿两侧,口形偏平。
[e] 口形稍扁,舌位处于半高半低之间。
注意不要把/e/发成/aI/。
[æ] 嘴要张大,舌位抬到半低与低之间;发此音时,要注意舌头不要滑动,不要把/æ/发成/aI/.1. [ i:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee iee: me be she he we evening ee: sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three ea: meat leaf sea ie: believe relieveeg: Each of the tree will agree to have some2.[i]发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ei: sit picture it is list six mix fix y: myth many twenty happy e: delicious eg: Sit down, and drink a bit of milk.3. [e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e eae: egg bell desk leg ea: bread head breakfast ue: question request eg: He sells the best hen’s eggs every Wednesday.4. [æ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合aa: apple bag flag hand rabbit ant stand rat mapeg: A rabbit and a rat with a cat stand in my hand to watch a map.(2).中元音的练习2个:/ ә / / ә: /发中元音时,发音部位靠近口腔中ə部。
初高中英语衔接语音知识 单元音(12个)讲义
初高中衔接语音知识——单元音I.Teaching aims:1.Knowledge aim:Students can master the pronunciation rule and learn how to spell the words by themselves.2.Ability aim:Students can enrich their expressions and learn the importance of using proper pronunciation rule.3.Emotion aim:Students will improve their confidence about learning English.II.Teaching key and difficult points:1.Teaching key point: Students can master the usage of thePronunciation rule.2.Teaching difficult: Students can feely use the pronunciation in dailylife.III.Presentation巧记口诀:开着c ar[ka:](汽车),向着st ar[sta:](星星),路途f ar[fa:](遥远的)。
:嘴扁平,上下齿分开,舌身放平舌尖抵下齿背,舌中部稍抬,类似汉字“额”发长音。
dirt[d3:t](泥土)。
4. [i]【发音技巧】:嘴向两边张开,舌尖抵下齿,类似汉字“衣”发长音。
sl ee p[sl i:p](睡着)。
5.[u:] [发音技巧]:嘴形小而圆,微外突,舌后缩,类似汉字“呜”发长音。
)。
二.短元音(7个)巧记口诀举着gun[gΛn] (枪),向着sun[sΛn](太阳),不停run[rΛn](跑)。
巧记口诀:一个driver['draivə(r)] (司机) ,掉进river ['rivə(r)],生命over['əuvə(r)](结束)。
初高中英语衔接教学—语音
•
• •
1. 音标必须写在括号里,常用的音标括号有斜头 / /和平头[ ]两种,其上端不顶第一线,大 致与大写字母相齐,下端在第三格的中。 2. 音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时 必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其 书写规格如下页所列。
48个国际音标表
长元音 元 音
[i:] [ə:] [ɔ:] [u:]
/ə/
forget [fə‘get] dollar [‘dɔlə] tiger [‘taigə] today [tə‘dei]
发这个音的字母和字母组合:ure、ur、er、ar、or、a、 e、o • ure:picture • ur:Saturday • er:teacher、brother、father、sister • ar:sugar • or:doctor • a:about、above、China • o:together、tomorrow、today
/p/
pea [pi:] cup [kʌp] deep [di:p] map [mæ p]
发这个音的字母和字母组合:p、pp • p:piano、pet、sheep、pig、stop • pp:apple、happy
/b/
bee [bi:] boat [bəut] bag [bæ g] book [buk]
/ ɔ:/
sort [sɔ:t] door [dɔ:]
长元音
ball [bɔ:l] horse [hɔ:s]
发这个音的字母和字母组合: a、aw、al、or、oor • a: water • aw:draw、strawberry • al:ball、wall • or:horse、fork、short • oor:floor、door
高中英语初高中衔接课程:语音知识课件
3个似拼音 边辅音
2个半元音
[h] [r] [l] [w] [j]
[∫] [θ] [tr] [t∫] [ts] 破 擦 音
[3] [ð] [dr] [d3] [dz]
/p/:
1. /p/ /b/
双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流 冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带 不振动。
E.g. pea deep tip
E.g. dry dream drag
11. /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
/m/:
双唇紧闭,舌头放平,气流从鼻腔送出,声带振动
E.g. money room morning
/n/:
双唇微开,舌尖抵上齿龈,气流从鼻孔出来,声带振动。
E.g. need thin morning
/ŋ/:
双唇张开,舌尖抵下齿龈,舌后部自然往上顶住,
/ə:/ ( / ɜ:/ ) 长元音,上下齿微微张开,舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。
E.g. early heard shirt skirt burn worm
/ə/
短元音,舌身平放,舌中部微微抬起。 口腔自然放松发音。
E.g. remember farmer delicious
dollar
[ə:] bird[bə:d]鸟 girl [gə:l]女孩 nurse[nə:s] 护士 skirt[skə:t] 裙子
/dʒ/:
和/tʃ/ 发音相似,双唇略微张开突出,舌尖抵住上 齿龈,用力吐气,但声带需振动。
E.g. change job joke
9. /ts/ /dz/
/ts/:
舌尖先抵住上齿,堵住气流,使气流从舌尖和齿龈 间送出,声带不振动。
E.g. seats roots fruits
初高中英语衔接--音标教学教案 (2)
英语共有48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个.元音分为单元音和双元音.辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音.一、元音部分:1) 单元音[ i ] 发音组合:i代表单词:sit bit kick pick[ e ] 发音组合:e ea a代表单词:pen egg best bread heaven many[æ] 发音组合:a代表单词:cap map bad[ʌ]发音组合:u o代表单词:up cup but monk onion[ɔ] 发音组合:o代表单词:hot not[u]发音组合:oo u ou代表单词:foot good pull full should would[ə]发音组合:a er or代表单词:appear again aliketeacher mother brother actor monitor[ i: ]发音组合:e ee ea ie ei代表单词:me he we bee feel deep seat beat leadchief believe achieve receive[ɑ:] 发音组合:ar ear al代表单词:far dark farm heart half[ɔ:] 发音组合:al oo aw ou ore au or ar代表单词:talk ball door floor law sawbought thought before ignorecaught naughty force born warn [u:] 发音组合:o oo ou u代表单词:food fool shoot tomb group blue clue [ə:]发音组合:or ir er ur ear代表单词:work worm bird dirty term burn surf learn2) 双元音[ei]发音组合:ei a ai ay代表单词:eight cake lake makepaid main day may[ai] 发音组合:y i uy代表单词:cry my bike time kite buy guy[ɔi ]发音组合:oy oi代表单词:boy toy noise voice coin[iə]发音组合:eer ear ere代表单词:beer deer hear near here[ɛə]发音组合:air ear are ere代表单词:hair fair chair bear swear dare hare there [uə] 发音组合:oor our代表单词:poor tour[əu]发音组合:o ow oa代表单词:host nose cope own low boat coat[au]发音组合:ou ow代表单词:house out sound town now二、辅音部分:[p]发音组合:p代表单词:pay put speed spend[t] 发音组合:t代表单词:tea tip meet[k] 发音组合:c k ck代表单词:cake car can kite sky pick back [f] 发音组合:f ph代表单词:five life fat photo telephone [θ]发音组合:th代表单词:think teeth thank both mouth [s]发音组合:s c代表单词:seem set say face race ice price [ʃ] 发音组合:sh s ss ch代表单词:ship fish sure assure machine [h] 发音组合:h wh代表单词:hot home hate whole[b] 发音组合:b代表单词:bird big bag[d]发音组合:d代表单词:do did deer bed[g] 发音组合:g代表单词:go gap bag[v]发音组合:v代表单词:vote very leave[ð]发音组合:th代表单词:this then though[z]发音组合:z s代表单词:prize raise eyes[ʒ]发音组合:s代表单词: pleasure usual[m] 发音组合:m代表单词:some come mother[n]发音组合:n代表单词:note no gun[ŋ] 发音组合:ng n代表单词:king thing ink tank[l]发音组合:l代表单词:late let tell deal[r]发音组合:r wr代表单词:rice right free write wrong [j] 发音组合:y代表单词:year yes you[w] 发音组合:w wh代表单词:wait will wheel what when [ʧ] 发音组合:ch代表单词:cheap catch watch[ʤ] 发音组合:j g dg代表单词:jeep joke change judge [dr] 发音组合:dr代表单词:dream draw[tr] 发音组合:tr代表单词:tree trip treat[ts]发音组合:ts代表单词:sits parents[dz]发音组合:ds代表单词:needs spends。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
第二章语音基本知识一、26个英文字母及发音音标A a [eI]B b [bi:]C c [si:]D d [di:]E e [i:]F f [ef]G g [dʒi:]H h [eitʃ]I i [aI]J j [dʒeI]K k [keI]L l [el]M m [em]N n [en]O o [əʊ]P p [pi:]Q q [kju:]R r [ɑ:]S s [es]T t [ti:]U u [ju:]V v [vi:]W w [′d∧blju:]X x [eks]Y y [waI]Z z [zi:][zed]从以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素,比如:1)含元音音素[eI]字母:Aa Hh Jj Kk音标:[eI] [eitʃ] [dʒeI] [keI]2)含元音音素[i:]字母:Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv音标:[bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [dʒi:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]3)含元音音素[e]字母:Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz音标:[ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]4)含元音音素[ju:]字母:Uu Qq Ww音标:[ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]5)含元音音素[aI]字母:Ii Yy音标:[aI] [w aI]二、英语音标英语音标一共有48个,具体如下:元音12个单元音长元音[i:] [З:] [ɔ:] [u:] [ɑ:]短元音[e] [ɒ] [ʊ] [ə] [І] [æ] [Λ]8个双元音[aI] [eI] [ɔI] [əʊ] [I ə] [e ə] [ʊə] [a ʊ] 辅音10对 清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t ʃ] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [d ʒ] [dr] [dz] [m] [n] [ŋ] 3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元音 [w] [j]新旧英语国际音标对照表最近几年,英语新教材中,逐渐使用了新式音标。
本图表列出了英语中所有的新、旧音标,以便更好地学习和了解国际音标的变化。
三、英语口腔发音图1、上唇(upper lip)2、下唇(lower lip)3、上齿(upper teeth)4、下齿(lower teeth)5、齿龈(alveolar ridge)6、硬腭(hard palate)7、软腭(soft palate) 8、小舌(uvula) 9、舌尖(tip of the tongue)10、舌前部(front of the tongue) 11、舌后部(back of the tongue) 12、喉头(larynx) 13、声带(vocal cords) 14、气管(trachea)15、咽腔(pharynx) 16、口腔(oral cavity) 17、鼻腔(nasal cavity)四、48个英语国际音标发音规则及练习元音1、前元音[i:] [І] [e] [æ]所谓前元音是指发音时要使用舌前部,也就是说舌前部要向硬腭抬起,舌尖要抵住下齿,口形扁平,不要收圆。
四个前元音中发[i:]的时候舌前部抬得最高,牙床近乎全合。
发[І]的时候舌前部比[i:]稍低,牙床也开得稍大一些。
上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。
发第三个前元音[e]的时候舌前部比[І]又要第一些,牙床也开得更大一些。
上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖。
发第四个前元音[æ]的时候舌前部最低,牙床开得最大。
上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指。
[i:]me he she these Chinese meet[І]sit six is it this milk[e]desk pen bed egg red[æ]bag map apple cat hand2、后元音[ɑ:][Λ] [ɔ:] [ʊ] [u:] [ɒ]所谓后元音是指发音时要使用舌的后部,也就是说舌后部要向软腭抬起。
发后元音时舌尖可以不抵下齿。
除了后元音[ɑ:]要用中常唇外,其它四个音都要用圆唇,发音时嘴要拢圆。
个别的音如[ʊ] [u:]嘴唇还要向前突出。
其次,要注意后元音的舌位。
五个后元音中[ɑ:]的舌位最低,开口最大。
[Λ]的舌位比[ɑ:]稍高,开口度比[ɑ:]稍小。
[ɔ:]的舌位比[Λ]又要更高一些。
[ʊ]的舌位比[ɔ:]又要高一些,开口度再小一些。
[u:]的舌位最高,开口最小。
发[ɒ]音时,要注意双唇收圆,不然容易发成[ɑ:],所以学习这个音时可以先发[ɑ:],然后将双唇收圆,就会发出[ɒ]音。
[ɑ:]part half ask class father[Λ]cut love touch bus come[ɔ:] sort door saw talk four[ʊ] put book woman look could[u:]do zoo blue ruler move[ɒ] top cock box what want3、中元音[З:][ə]所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌的中部,也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起,舌尖可以轻抵下齿,口形扁平或中常。
[З:]的舌位比[ə]稍高。
[З:]bird serve term work turn[ə] about China letter actor again上面提到了12个单元音。
英语里还有8个双元音。
这8个双元音又可分成两类,合口双元音和集中双元音,下面分别讲解。
4、合口双元音[eI] [aI] [ɔI] [əʊ] [aʊ]所谓“合口双元音”是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是一个合口元音[І]或[ʊ]。
发双元音时要注意从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动。
在滑动过程中,口形、舌位都有明显的变化。
另外,还要注意双元音的下面几个特点:1)、前长后短(前音长后音短)。
2)、前重后轻(前音发得重,后音发得轻)。
3)、前音清楚,后音模糊。
[eI] cake plane snake table baby[aI] bike life light type nice[ɔI] toy voice coin enjoy boy[əʊ]go boat hope know home[aʊ]now how loud house out5、集中双元音[Iə] [eə] [ʊə]所谓集中双元音是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是中元音[ə]。
发音时要注意第一个元音向第二个元音滑动时的口形和舌位的变化。
比如发[Iə]时舌位由前元音[I]向中元音[ə]的滑动。
口形由半合的扁唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇。
发[eə]时由相当于前元音[e]的舌位向中元音[ə]滑动,口形由半开的中常唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇。
发[ʊə]时由后元音[ʊ]向中元音[ə]的滑动,口形由半合的圆唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇。
[Iə] fear beer ear hear deer[eə]care bear fair where chair[ʊə] sure tour poor moor cure辅音1、爆破音爆破音一共有六个,根据发音时声带是否振动可以分为清辅音和浊辅音两种。
清辅音有三个:[p],[t],[k];浊辅音也有三个:[b],[d],[g]。
这样,六个爆破音就可以归纳为清、浊相对应的三对。
第一对是:[p],第二对是:[t],[d],第三对是[k],[g] [p],双唇音,发音时,双唇紧闭,气流从口腔冲出,送气有力;清音,发音时不震动声带。
pen map top pipe cup[b],双唇音,发音时,双唇紧闭,气流从口腔冲出,送气有力;但它在词尾时发得很轻,不如[p]送气有力;浊音,发音时震动声带。
bee beep about lab bat[t],齿槽音,发音时,舌端抵齿槽,气流从口腔冲出,送气有力;清音。
butter that fat debt dealer[d],齿槽音,发音时,舌端抵齿槽,气流从口腔冲出,但在词尾时发得很轻,不如[t]送气有力;浊音。
desk food deep door dot[k],后舌音,发音时,后舌隆起,气流从喉咙口用力冲出,送气有力;清音,发音时不振动声带。
cook book kick bucket tick[g],后舌音,发音时,后舌隆起,气流从喉咙口用力冲出,送气有力;但在词尾时发得很轻,不如[k]送气有力;浊音,发音时振动声带。
get game good dog tag2、摩擦音摩擦音一共有十个。
其中八个音又可以分为清、浊音相对应的四对。
第一对是唇齿摩擦音[f],[v]。
发音时下唇轻触上齿,气流通过时摩擦成音,[f]是清辅音,[v]是浊辅音。
第二对是舌齿摩擦音[θ],[ð]。
发音时舌尖要轻触上齿边缘。
[θ]是清辅音,[ð]是浊辅音。
第三对是舌端齿龈摩擦音[s],[z]。
发音时舌端靠近(上)齿龈,气流通过时摩擦成音。
[s]是清辅音,[z]是浊辅音。
第四对是舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音[ʃ],[ʒ]。
发音时舌端向齿龈后部靠近,气流通过时摩擦成音。
[ʃ]是清辅音,[ʒ]是浊辅音。
第九个音是声门摩擦辅音[h]。
第十个音是舌尖齿龈后部摩擦辅音[r]。
发这个音时舌尖要卷起来,靠近齿龈后部。
这个音的本音是[r]。
[f]foot fit after knife tough[v] very five live cover carve[θ]thick thank tooth mouth think[ð]other the there they father[s] see saw soup boss say[z]zoo cause pause hers these[ʃ]cash fish short wish sure[ʒ] vision pleasure measure treasure visual[h] home hard head behind whole[r]red write frog carry rose3、破擦音破擦音共有六个:[tʃ],[dʒ],[tr] ,[dr],[ts],[dz]。
破擦音由两个成分组成:开头是爆破音,结尾是摩擦音。
六个破擦音也可以分成清、浊相对应的三对。
第一对是[tʃ],[d ʒ]。
在[tʃ],[dʒ]中的第一个成分,即爆破音[t],[d]由于受了后面摩擦音[ʃ],[ʒ]的影响,发音时舌位靠后,在齿龈较后部分发音。
这一点也适用于第二对破擦音[tr] ,[dr]。
这里,[t], [d]由于受了后面摩擦音[r]的影响舌位也要靠后,后面再加上[r],分别念成[tr], [dr]。