(福建专用)2018年高考英语一轮复习课时规范练14Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars新人教版必修3

Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·浙江杭州期中检测)
Cycle for Science—the brainchild of Rachel Woods-Robinson and Elizabeth Case—is a 4,000 mile bike ride from San Francisco to New York.Along the way,Rachel and Elizabeth will make stops at classrooms and summer programs to teach science,talk with teachers and encourage girls to continue studying science,technology,engineering and math (STEM).
Rachel and Elizabeth met at UCLA where they both studied physics.In addition to being enthusiastic about science and sustainability(可持续性),they also share a common interest in cycling.
Cycle for Science combines these two interests.What’s cool is that the science “lessons” are not boring textbook courses but fun hands-on learning,centered around a small solar-powered bicycle that they are currently designing.
Called Sol Cycle,the tiny two-wheeler has been produced using a 3D printer.In addition to sharing their concept with students,they plan to release the design files online,so that anyone with access to a 3D print er can “produce” their copy.
Though neither are educators,the young women are no strangers to teaching others about scientific concepts and sustainability.While in college,Rachel organized Ecochella,a “green” concert with a sound system that was powered entirely by a bicycle-powered generator that she designed.Her initiative(积极性) has inspired an annual engineering competition where student teams compete against each other to create unique sustainable generators to power Ecochella every year.
Their curiosity about physics led them to attend a one-unit seminar on “The Arrow of Time” as freshmen.The best part is the physics majors are so interested in science that they both plan to pursue further education in the field.
1.How did Rachel and Elizabeth teach kids about science?
A.By requiring kids to design a bike.
B.By making use of science textbooks.
C.By using a bicycle powered by sunshine.
D.By asking kids to remember science concepts.
2.What do we know about Sol Cycle?
A.It can be produced online.
B.It has two solar-powered wheels.
C.It is made with the technology of 3
D.
D.It is specially designed for the journey.
3.The text is mainly about .
A.the beginning of Cycle for Science
B.a dangerous journey across America
C.two girls’ hobby for science in college
D.a cross-country adventure with a mission
〚导学号23280060〛
B
(2018·安徽省江淮十校2018届高三第二次联考)
Astronaut Scott Kelly has been living on the International Space Station (ISS) since March 28,2015.And just like any other home,the ISS requires some housekeeping in the form of repairs.
That is why Kelly and fellow astronaut Kjell Lindgren performed extravehicular (舱外的) activity (EVA) outside the station.The operation began at 8:03 am and lasted for more than seven hours.It was the first spacewalk for both men.
The ISS has been in constant use for 15 years and has hosted over 200
people,includi ng astronauts and private tourists.During their EVA,Kelly and Lindgren did basic electrical work,such as attaching new cables that would provide power to docking ports (对接舱门) on the station.The two astronauts also fixed a thermal (保暖的) cover on a key scientific instrument on the station to protect it from the harsh temperatures of space.
As the senior astronaut,Kelly led the spacewalk.However,Lindgren dealt with some of the more challenging parts of the job as he has longer arms than Kelly.
During a spacewalk,the simplest work becomes a difficult task.Kelly and Lindgren spent months training and practicing for the operation.The preparation began in NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL),where a stronauts were made to work in an environment similar to the one outside the space station.
Even getting the space suits ready can take days.While each suit is built to fit perfectly the astronaut who will wear it,adjustments need to be made right up to the moment when the spacewalk begins.The adjustments address any changes in the astronauts’ bodies that have occurred as a result of being in a gravity-free environment.
4.Kelly and Lindgren performed the spacewalk just to .
A.receive an operation in space
B.carry out a scientific ex periment
C.test whether the ISS was working well
D.do something for the ISS to work well
5.Lindgren handled some more difficult work because he.
A.is younger than Kelly
B.likes to be challenged
C.is more skillful than Kelly
D.has a physical advantage over Kelly
6.Why were the two astronauts trained in NBL?
A.To simplify their daily work.
B.To adapt to working in space.
C.To test their abilities to perform a spacewalk.
D.To make preparations for adjusting space suits.
7.What can we conclude from the text?
A.The ISS has only hosted astronauts.
B.One’s body is different in size in space.
C.The ISS has controlled the temperatures of space.
D.Space suits adjust themselves to the gravity-free environment.
〚导学号23280061〛Ⅱ.七选五阅读
(2018·安徽江淮十校第二次联考)
Life getting you down?Learn to bounce back
“That which does not kill us makes us stronger,” Nietzsche said.There are a number of ways that can get us through tough times,help us to bounce back and make us happier. 1
Find something you can control.
2 But taking small,positive steps in any area of our life can have a ripple effect,enabling us to move forward in the problem area.
3
As a species,we tend to focus on what’s wrong rather than what’s right.But we can benefit a lot from paying attention to what’s going right.Psychologists have shown consciously focusing on these good things helps to increase our experience of positive emotions.
Check your thinking.
4 Leading psychologist Martin Seligman found that the way we interpret the causes of everyday setbacks can h ave a significant impact on our abilit y to cope and our physical health.He also showed we can learn more resilient(有弹性的) thinking styles.
Distract yourself.
When we are immersed in a problem,it is hard to think creatively about ways to deal with it.It often helps to take time out from the things you are worrying about.
5 Not only does this give us a break from what we’re doing and our worries,it’s also great for our minds.
A.Always do something that is right.
B.It’s true that there are lots of things we can’t control.
C.An effective way of taking time out is exercise.
D.Next time you are feeling stressed or stuck,give them a try.
E.Focus on what’s right.
F.Next time something goes wrong for you,pause for a moment.
G.The way we think can destroy our own resilienc e.
〚导学号23280062〛Ⅲ.短文改错
(2018·重庆南开中学第四次检测)
I found a reference book in a bookstore near our school.The book was just what I was badly in need for;however,it was too expensive.The owner of the shop could only give me the discount of 10 per cent.My deskmate’s suggestion was that I bought one online.He said goods online were usually much cheap.Followed his advice,I surfed on the Internet.And to my great delight,the book offered at half price online,I immediately purchased it online without hesitations.Thanks to my deskmate,I saved about 40 yuan,with that I treated him to a meal the other day.
〚导学号23280063〛答案：
Ⅰ.【解题导语】本文为记叙文,题材为社会文化类,讲述了两个美国女孩实施Cycle for Science 计划,骑自行车走遍美国,教给孩子们科学知识,激发女孩子们对科学的兴趣。

1.C 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“...centered around a small solar-powered bicycle
that they are currently designing.”可知,她们利用一个用太阳能充电的自行车来教给孩子们科学知识。

2.C 细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“Called Sol Cycle,the tiny two-wheeler has been produced using a 3D printer.”可知,这个产品是利用3D打印机生产的。

3.D 主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍了两个美国女孩计划骑自行车走遍美国,目的是教给孩子们科学知识,激励女孩子们学习科学。

【解题导语】本文为说明文。

主要介绍两名宇航员太空漫步的情况。

4.D 细节理解题。

根据第一段和第二段的第一句可知,两名宇航员太空漫步旨在给国际空间站做一些维护工作。

5.D 细节理解题。

根据第四段第二句可知,Lindgren是因其身体上的优势才肩负着更具挑战性的工作。

6.B 推理判断题。

根据第五段第三句可知,实验室模仿了太空站外的环境,由此可推知他们在实验室训练旨在适应在太空环境下工作。

7.B 推理判断题。

由最后一段最后一句可知,太空服需要根据人体在失重环境下发生的变化而做
出调整,故选B项。

Ⅱ.【解题导语】有时候生活中的诸多因素会给人们带来压力,让人心情沮丧。

但是在困难的时候
有很多方法可以帮助我们恢复原有的精神,让我们更加快乐。

1.D 上文提到了有很多方法可以帮助我们渡过难关,帮我们重新振作,让我们更加快乐,而下文则
是对这些方法的介绍,D项的内容可以起到承上启下的作用,故选D项。

2.B 本段标题是建议人们找一些自己可以控制的事情做,从中获得信心,再根据后句的转折可知B
项符合语境,故选B项。

3.E 根据本段中的focus on,pay attention to等关键信息,尤其是第一句话可以判断选E项。

A 项的侧重点是让人们去做正确的事情,作为本段的小标题不合适。

4.G 根据段落小标题和下文内容可知本段讨论的是思维方式对人的影响,故选G项。

5.C 前句内容是建议人们要学会从忧虑中走出来,后句提到这样做的好处,由此判断C项符合语境,故选C项。

Ⅲ. I found a reference book in a bookstore near our school.The book was just what I was badly in need ;however,it was too expensive.The owner of the shop could only
give me discount of 10 per cent.My deskmate’s suggestion was that I one
online.He said goods online were usually much his advice,I surfed
o
n
the Interne t.And to my great delight,t he book offered at half price online.I immediately purchased online without .Thanks to my deskmate,I saved
about 40 yuan,with I treated him to a meal the other day.
1.for→of考查介词短语。

in need of为固定搭配,意思是“需要”。

2.the→a考查冠词。

a discount of为固定搭配,意思是“……的折扣”。

3.bought→buy考查虚拟语气。

suggestion在这里的意思是“建议”,后面的表语从句运用虚拟
语气。

谓语动词部分是“should+动词原形”,或者直接用动词原形。

4.cheap→cheaper考查形容词的比较级。

这里是网上购买这本书与书店购买这本书的比较,因此用比较级最好。

5.Followed→Following考查非谓语动词。

Following的逻辑主语是I,I与following之间为主
动关系,因此用动词-ing作状语。

6.去掉on 考查动词。

surf为及物动词,因此去掉介词on。

7.offered前加was 考查语态。

offer是及物动词,book与offer间为被动关系,因此用被动语态。

8.it→one考查代词。

这里表达a book,而不是the book,因此用one,而不用it。

9.hesitations→hesitation考查名词。

without hesitation为固定搭配,意思是“毫不迟疑地”,其中,hesitation不用复数形式。

10.that→which考查定语从句引导词。

which在这里引导了定语从句,介词提前,引导词用which,而不可以用that。