2010高考二轮复习英语教案(1)名词和冠词
高三英语二轮复习【专题一】名词和代词精品教学案
【专题一】名词和代词【考情分析】(1)名词在高考中的考查重点:1.名词词义辨析2.名词的数3.名词作定语4. 名词所有格5. 抽象名词具体化6. 名词与冠词的结合(2)代词在高考中的考查重点:1.考查它们在特定结构中的用法,如:anyone,both,neither,nothing等与从句相结合。
2.考查any,some,all,none,other,another等不定代词在特定语境中的意义和功能差别。
3.it,one,that,ones,those作替代词的用法区别。
4.it表时间、天气、距离等及it作形式主语、形式宾语。
5.each,every,any的用法。
6.no one,nobody,nothing 和none的区别7.other, another, others, any other, the other 的区别8.all ,both, either, neither, one的区别【知识归纳】名词考点一名词辨析1.注意一词多义的名词.2.注意形似意异名词3. 注意近义和同义名词的用法。
考点二名词的数1.可数与不可数名词名词的可数与不可数是一个十分复杂而又非常重要的问题。
许多名词通常是不可数的,但在一定的情况下又可以变为可数名词。
(1)物质名词一般不可数,如:milk,gold,coffee,beer,但有些可用作可数名词,表示特殊意义,如:an icecream(一份冰淇淋),a light rain(一阵小雨)。
(2) 抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽象名词可用作可数名词。
difficulty 困难;a difficulty 一件难事 experience 经验;an experience 一次经历failure 失败;a failure 一位失败者,一件失败的事 knowledge 知识;a good knowledge 丰富的知识success 成功;a success 一位成功者,一件成功的事 surprise 惊奇;a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事honour 荣誉;an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事如:Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
专题01 名词和冠词(教学案)-
近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少,多与冠词一起进行考查,但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点,且考查范围较广。
其命题趋势仍将是:在不同语言环境中去识别词义,进行词义辨析,是高考考查的重点。
因此,考生不仅要弄清词义,而且也要把握好语言环境,在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。
建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。
冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。
主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上,在具体语境下的冠词的运用,主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别,名词前不用冠词的情况,特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
热点题型一考查名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________act ivity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1.可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加-s;词尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在词尾加-esdesk→desks;dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词,要变y为i再加-esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为-vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词,多数加-spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep;deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂);means(方法)有一些例外情况:(1)巧记以o结尾加-es的名词:黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。
(即Negro,hero,tomato和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加-s:海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
高三英语语法名词的复习教案
高三英语语法名词的复习教案一、教学目标1.让学生掌握名词的基本概念、分类和用法。
2.培养学生运用名词进行句子构建的能力。
3.提高学生对名词相关考点的理解和应用。
二、教学内容1.名词的概念和分类2.名词的数和格3.名词的用法4.名词相关考点三、教学过程1.导入师:同学们,我们今天来复习一下名词。
请问大家知道名词是什么吗?生:名词就是表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等名称的词。
师:很好!那我们就从名词的概念和分类开始吧。
2.名词的概念和分类师:名词分为两大类:可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式,而不可数名词没有复数形式。
请同学们举例说明。
生1:可数名词如:book,table,apple等。
生2:不可数名词如:water,r,rice等。
师:很好!我们来看一下名词的数和格。
3.名词的数和格师:名词的数分为单数和复数。
单数名词通常加“-s”或“-es”变为复数。
但有些名词变复数时需要特殊变化,比如:childchildren,manmen等。
名词的格分为三种:主格、宾格和属格。
主格用于名词作主语,宾格用于名词作宾语,属格用于表示所有关系。
师:请同学们用所学的名词,分别构成单数和复数形式,并说明其格。
生1:bookbooks(主格:Thebookisonthetable.宾格:Ilikethisbook.属格:Thisismybook.)生2:childchildren(主格:Thechildrenareplaying.宾格:Iseethechildren.属格:Thechildren'sbooksarehere.)4.名词的用法师:名词在句子中的用法有很多,比如作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
请同学们用所学的名词,分别构成不同成分的句子。
生1:主语:Thecatissleeping.生2:宾语:Iboughtabook.生3:表语:Sheisateacher.生4:定语:Thegirl'sbagisred.5.名词相关考点师:在高考英语中,名词的考点主要包括名词的单复数、格、所有格、同义词辨析等。
海兴中学高三英语二轮专题复习课时教案--名词与冠词doc
海兴中学高三英语二轮专题复习---名词与冠词精练一1、on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadiansis major concern of the country.A、The;/B、The;aC、An;theD、An;/2、Some boys think that Nike basketball shoes,though still must –have item for somestudents, are becoming out of date.A、/;theB、a; theC、a;/D、the; A3、teacher of my grandmother’s is coming the day after tomorrow. I’m wondering howold women she should be.A、The; aB、A; aC、A; theD、The; the4、When you finish reading the book, you will have better understanding of life.A、a; theB、the; aC、/;theD、a;/5、The newspaper did not mention the of the damage caused by the fire.A、rangeB、levelC、extentD、quantity6、This book tells life story of John Smith, who left school and worked for anewspaper at the age of 16.A、the; theB、a; theC、the;/D、a;/7、How do you turn big White House into home, a sweet home ?That is one of thechallenges faced by each first lady in America.A、the; aB、a; theC、a; aD、the; the8、As is known to all, tiger is in danger of dying out.A、a; aB、the;/C、a;/D、the; the9、Health and______ education are matters that______ most voters feel strongly about.A、the; theB、the;/C、/;/D、a; the10、I often have conversations with Tom over telephone, while keeping in touch withJim by mail.A、/;theB、/;/C、the; aD、the;/11、Being able to speak another language fluently is a great___ when you are looking for a job.A、chanceB、importanceC、assistantD、advantage12、To qualify, you must have good knowledge of chemistry.A、a;/B、a; theC、the; theD、/;/13、Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full .A、capacityB、strengthC、lengthD、possibility14、The environmentalists said wild goats’___________on the vast grasslands was a goodindication of the better environment.A、escapeB、absenceC、attendanceD、appearance15、It is_______world of wonders,__________world where anything can happen.A、a; theB、a; aC、the; aD、/;/1-----5BCBDC 6---10CABCD 11—15DAADB精练二1、For a long time they walked without saying word. Jim was the first to break silence.A、the; aB、a; theC、a;/D、the;/2、A thief is a danger to .A、societyB、the societyC、societiesD、a society3、----who came out first in the London Marathon?----Michael. He’s always first to reach the line.A、the; theB、/;/C、/;theD、the;/4、His honesty is and nobody ever doubts it.A、beyond questionB、out of the questionC、in questionD、beside the question5、The most important thing about cotton in history is________part that it played in_________Industrial Revolution.A、/;/B、the;/C、the; theD、a; the6、The English Channel, also known as CCTV-9,provides English viewers both in Chinaand rest of the world with news and some other special programs 24 hours a day.A、the; theB、the;/C、/;/D、/;the7、Great__________have been taken to finish the work ahead of time.A、painsB、woundsC、troublesD、strengths8、----What do you think of the manager of your company?----Oh, he is manager who’s pleasant to work with. It’s pleasure to work with him.A、the; aB、a; aC、a; theD、/;a9、If we want to reach our goal and truly make ,we must know what we can do try our bestto do well.A、a differenceB、an offerC、a constructionD、a result10、----Officer I want to report loss of package.----What has happened to it?A、/;aB、/;theC、the; aD、a; the11、Giving small children some money as a gift during the Spring Festival is a common inChina, which may seem strange to foreigners?A、senseB、practiceC、groundD、habit12、Mark, can you make of this sentence? I don’t understand it.A、useB、senseC、meaningD、difference13、Look at the lift, It’s out off.Can’t you get someone to fix it?A、conditionB、orderC、dangerD、work14、----Have you read English novel?----Yes, I have. But I really want to read it second time since it’s so interesting.A、an; aB、an; theC、the; aD、the; the15、If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off .A、a priceB、priceC、the priceD、prices1-----5BACAC 6---10DABAC 11---15BBBCC精练三1、On New Year’s Eve, New York City holds an outdoor which attracts a crowd of amillion or more people.A、incidentB、eventC、caseD、affair2、All these changes will lead to stronger and more powerful China, country that cansurprise and enrich our planet.A、a; aB、a; theC、the; aD、the; the3、----Have you found pen you lost the other day?----Not yet, but I have found pen which is not mine.A、the; theB、a; aC、the; aD、a; the4、Judging from look on his face, he must have news of great excitement to tell us.A、the; aB、/;/C、the; theD、the;/5、Mr. White usually goes to theatre to enjoy Beijing opera on Sundaymorning, but today he went to church instead.A、the;the;theB、a;/;/C、the;/;/D、/;the; thee6、Niagara Falls is a great tourist ,drawing millions of visitors every year.A、attentionB、attractionC、appointmentD、arrangement7、Tom owns larger collection of books than any other student in our class.A、the;/B、a;/C、a; theD、/;the8、Lightning is a of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.A、rushB、rainbowC、rackD、ribbon9、When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to hotel; II can find youbed in my flat.A、the; aB、the;/C、a; theD、a;/10、The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A、companiesB、branchesC、organizationsD、businesses11、If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you getfast one.A、the; theB、/;aC、the; aD、/;/12、How did you like the of the interpreter(口译员)at the Chinese FM press conference of6—part talks on TV?A、performanceB、achievementC、materialD、words13、Some famous singers live on the from their record sales.A、salaryB、valueC、billD、income14、Before the final examination, many students have shown ____________of tension. Somehave trouble sleeping while others have lost their appetite(胃口).A、anxietyB、marksC、signsD、remarks1-----5BACDC 6----10BBAAB 11---14BADC精练四1、While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made discoverywhich completely changed man’s understanding of colour.A、a;/B、a; theC、/;theD、the; a2、----Why did you refuse to move in the house?----Because it was really in a poor and dirty .A、formB、kindC、shapeD、state3、His name was on the of my tongue, but I just couldn’t remember it.A、endB、edgeC、tipD、side4、We’ll have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my .A、sports clothesB、sport clothesC、clothes of sportsD、sport’s clothes5、As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further .A、newsB、informationC、noticeD、message6、On May 5,2005,at World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Haowon the gold medal in men’s doubles with score of 4:1.A、a; aB、/;theC、a;/D、the; a7、In a time of social reform(改革),people’s state of mind tends to keep with the rapidchanges of the society.A、stepB、paceC、progressD、touch8、It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be.A、impressionB、reactionC、commentD、opinion9、After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport.A、the; aB、a; theC、/;aD、/;the10、----What a pleasant these trees give us!----Why not stop here and have a rest in it?A、shadeB、shadowC、peaceD、scene11、When he left college, he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office.A、/;aB、/;theC、a; theD、the; the12、Let us suppose that you are in position of parent. Would allow your child to dosuch a thing?A、a; aB、the; theC、a; theD、the; a13、They can never make good nurses, not having the necessary .A、practiceB、educationC、exerciseD、training1-----5ADCAC 6----10DBBBA 11---13ADD。
高考英语二轮复习 名词学案
教学目标:了解名词的各种用法。
重点和难点:名次与冠词的综合运用一、高考考查内容定位名词在高考中占有重要地位。
考查内容主要有:抽象名词具体化、名词的可数与不可数问题、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词词义辨析以及常见名词的固定搭配等。
此外,还涉及很多冠词与名词共同考查的问题。
二、高考考查内容揭密(一)抽象名词的具体化与冠词1.抽象名词具体或特定时,前面应有不定冠词。
(1)表示某种特性、状态、行为的具体表现,常用a/an+抽象名词;a/an+adj.+抽象名词的形式表示具体行为、一个方面。
如:A pity/pleasure/surprise/success/failure/shame/an honor等;A bright future, a strong character, a great help, a length of one metre ,a waste of time, a height of fifty feet ,a knowledge of English等。
(2)状态、思维行为的一次、一种、一类、一顿,常与have/take/get等词搭配。
如:take a look/have a sleep/have a …life/die a death/get a high opinion/make an apology/take a great interest等。
[经典考题]It is often said that ______teachers have _______very easy life. (2005·北京卷)A. 不填;不填 B. 不填;a C. the;不填 D. the ;a[解析]B 根据句意:(人们)常说老师过着简朴的生活。
抽象名词life在此处明显被具体化了,因此,第二空与前后构成have a very easy life过着简朴的生活。
第一空为名词的复数表示的类指。
高考英语二轮专题复习 名词与冠词讲义-人教版高三全册英语教案
名词与冠词【考纲解读】关于名词,高考主要考查:1.名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。
名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。
另外,高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。
这些问题主要出现在完形填空中。
2.名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
这些问题常出现在短文改错或语法填空中。
3.名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象,主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。
冠词的考查几乎每年都会在新课标卷中出现,主要是在语境中考查考生对冠词的理解和运用。
考查要点主要包括:1.考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。
2.考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法,如抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。
3.考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。
4.考查零冠词的运用。
另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。
【考点纵横】【考题导引】1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top______(attract).2.(2016·全国Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few _____(day) with his sister.3.(2016·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.______4.(2016·全国Ⅱ,42)Handle the most imp ortant tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ______(achieve).5.(2016·全国Ⅱ,46)Recent______(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.6. (2016·全国Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for____while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.7.(2016·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about world.____ 8.(2015·江苏,33)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?—Well, you know he's ____ wet blanket.9.(2015·浙江,2)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ____ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ____ way.10.(2015·重庆,3)I just heard ____ bank where Dora works was robbed by ____ gunman wearing a mask.1.attraction [空格前有形容词和物主代词,因此要用其名词形式。
高三英语二轮复习课件1-2冠词
《 走 向 高 考 》 二 轮 专 题 复 习 · 英 语 通 用 版
I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii. (2)表示“某一个星期几”时,用不定冠词。 I happened to meet my classmate Jack on a Wednesday.
《 走 向 高 考 》 二 轮 专 题 复 习 · 英 语 通 用 版
Our teacher is a warmhearted man.
He is a person who is ready to help others. 解题时一定要结合语境,切莫一刀切。
( )
第一章
语法
典例
(2011·太原二模,21)—What about ________
lecture you attended yesterday? —To tell the truth, it was too boring.I can't stand
第一章
语法
三、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的使用
表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词,如:sun, sky,
moon, world等前面一般用定冠词,但其前有描绘性的修饰 语时,用不定冠词。请比较:
As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.
高考英语语法复习专题讲学案名词、冠词和数词
高考英语语法复习专题讲学案名词、冠词与数词一、考点导航从高考题看名词的命题热点:名词考查重点是名词的基本运用。
纵观多年的高考题,对名词的考查焦点是:1.名词的可数性与不可数性;不可数名词转化为可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词具体化)。
2.名词在句子中充当的成分(尤其是名词作定语)。
3.名词涉及到冠词(不用冠词的情况)和主谓一致问题。
4.名词所有格的运用。
5.名词近义词的辨析和习语搭配。
6.表示确切数目和非确切数目的单复数形式区别;以及引起名词复数的变化。
7.倍数的表达方式。
二、考点聚焦【基本规则、功能与用法】Unit 1 名词名词的种类:1.1.可数名词单、复数变化形式(1)规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。
如:boy — boys, pen — pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如:glass — glasses, box— boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes。
特例:stomach — stomachs。
③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。
如:baby — babies, lady — ladies, fly — flies。
④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。
如:tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes。
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。
如:radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco — tobaccos。
⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”,之后再加-es。
如:wife — wives, life — lives, knife — knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf — leaves等。
山东省新高考英语大二轮总复习 第一讲 名词和冠词教案-人教版高三全册英语教案
第一讲名词和冠词语法项目(一) 名词[考纲解读·定方向]语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。
解答有关名词的题目时,一定要注意名词前的修饰成分,如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等,来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词;有的还要结合语境分析句子成分,来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。
如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词[思考趋向]1.填名词的单复数假设提示词是名词,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填名词的单复数。
2.填名词的所有格提示词为名词时,如果作定语表示“……的〞,那么一般考查名词的所有格。
3.派生为名词[典例感悟][典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析:invitations invitation“邀请〞是可数名词,其前有several修饰,应用复数形式。
[典例2](2019·某某师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit.解析:Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格,根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言〞。
[典例3](2017·某某卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life,and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily,and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.解析:months 考查名词的数。
高考英语二轮复习《冠词》学案
高考英语二轮复习《冠词》学案1、以考查冠词的基础用法为重点(特指,类指,泛指),熟记定冠词和零冠词的特殊用法;2、和某些抽象名词连用,使其具体化将成为考查重点;3、理解有无冠词意义不同的词组;4、对冠词的灵活运用即一些固定短语,特殊句式将仍旧会出现在高考试卷中。
冠词在高考中的考查重点:冠词虽小,有定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词三类,但却是历年各地高考必考语言点之一。
就考查题型而言,以单项选择为主,有时在完形填空和短文改错中出现。
解题的方法:1、以考查冠词的基础用法为重点(特指,类指,泛指), 熟记定冠词和零冠词的特殊用法;2、和某些抽象名词连用,使其具体化将成为考查重点;3、理解有无冠词意义不同的词组;4、对冠词的灵活运用即一些固定短语,特殊句式将仍旧会出现在高考试卷中。
高考例题【xx全国II】7、 He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump、A、 the; theB、 /; aC、 the; aD、 a; /【答案】C【解析】此句的第一空特指“跳高中的金牌”,故用定冠词the;第二空意为:再得到一次机会,泛指“一次机会”。
句意:他在跳高中失去了金牌,但他在跳远中将得到一次机会。
【考点】考查冠词的用法。
【xx四川卷】18、 We are said to be living in ____ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes、A、 an; theB、不填; theC、不填; aD、 the; a【答案】D【考点】本题考查冠词。
【解析】第一空Information Age前加定冠词the为固定说法;第二空根据句意“据说我们正生活在信息时代,一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。
”用不定冠词。
高中英语高考二轮复习学案——专题一 名词和冠词 学案
2010高考二轮复习英语学案专题一名词和冠词【典例精析】1. (2008某某)What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion【解析】A sense意为“感觉”在这样一个公共场所,不可以吃喝甚至不可以走动有什么感觉。
2.(2008某某卷)Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuelsB. articlesC. goodsD. products【解析】A fuel燃料,题干中coal, gas, oil均为燃料,由此选出A3. (2008某某)I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______.A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business【解析】Bbargain廉价货符合句意,exchange交换;trade贸易,买卖;business事业,业务均不合句意4. (2008某某卷)—Shall we go out for a walk?—Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance【解析】A句意为:此刻邀请我不合适,moment此时,此刻符合句意;situation形式;place 地方;chance机会均不合题意5.(2008某某卷)The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution【解析】B 年轻人对父母做出许诺。
高考英语二轮复习专题01名词与冠词教学案含解析word版本
专题 01 名词与冠词名词除了独立观察其词义辨析外,还常联合其余项目一同观察,题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现,观察重点主要包含:1.观察名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。
名词词义辨析包含同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不一样词义的名词在语境中的辨析。
此外,高考还观察简单混杂的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的习用法等。
2.观察名词的数( 可数与不行数、单数与复数) 、名词全部格、抽象名词的详细化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
3.观察名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。
这种现象主要以隐形观察的方式出此刻阅读理解和完形填空试题中。
如:shelter n.包庇,逃难所→vt. 保护,闪避,逃难;狂风雨,大动乱→ vi.&vt. 横冲直撞,强攻; shoulder n. 肩,肩膀,肩部→ vt. storm n.肩负,肩负;trail n.小径,印迹→vt.追踪。
一、名词的单复数1.可数名词复数的规则变化s 或- es,其规则以下:可数名词复数的组成,往常是在单数形式后边加-组成方法例词cat— cats girl— girls一般状况在词尾加-spage— pagesbus — buses box —boxes以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词在词尾watch — watches加- es brush— brushes但有例外:stomach — stomachstwo Marys以 y 结尾的专闻名词或“元音字three Henrys母+ y”结尾的名词变复数时,直接在monkey—monkeys词尾加- s holiday —holidaysboy — boysbaby— babies以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的词,把city— citiesy 变为 i 加- es factory —factoriesstory — storiestomato —tomatoeshero — heroes以“辅音字母+ o”结尾的词,在potato —potatoes词尾加- es但有例外: photo —photospiano — pianos以“元音字母+ o”结尾的词在词radio — radios尾加- s zoo — zoosknife— knives wife —wiveshalf— halves leaf — leaves 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,多半变 f 或但仍有例外:fe 为 v 加- es belief —beliefs roof —roofshandkerchief — handkerchiefs/handkerchieves【特别提示】因为汉语中没闻名词的单复数形式变化,所以英语中名词的单复数也就成了易错点。
XX高考二轮复习英语考案-名词和冠词【DOC范文整理】
XX高考二轮复习英语考案:名词和冠词【专题考案】.Thelittleboyoftenhas____bigbreafast,soheloosreallystrong.A.theB./c.aDan.octoberlstis___NationalDayof____People’sRepublicofchina.A.a;theB./;/c./;theDthe;/.Thingsof_____indetogether;peopleof____indfallinto__saegroupA.the;the;theB.a;a;thec.the;the;aDa;a;a.r.BIacentto____cinealastSunday,hilehisifeentto______church.A.the;theB./;/c./;theDthe;/.Heis____friendof____riter’s.A./:theB.a;thec.a;aDa;/.—hatisthepopulationofchina?—chinahas____populationofl.3billion.A.the;theB.a;ac.a;theDthe;a.一hatin____orlddoyoulieostin_____orld?一Ihope_____orldis_____peacefulandfairorld.A.the;the;the;theB./;the;the;/c./;the;the;aD.the;the;the;a.Aseallno.____lifeishardforanyofus.Ifelive___ happylife,eustallorharder.A./:/B./;ac.a;/D.a;a______recentreportstatedthatthenuberofSpanishspeaer sintheU.S.ouldbehigherthanthenuberofEnglishspeaerby _____year2090.A,theB.A,/c.The,/D.The,a0.Ifyougoby______train,youcanhavequiteafortablejour ney,butaesureyouget_____fastone.A./,/B./,ac.the,aD./,/1.Itisoftensaidthat____teachershave_______veryeasyl ife.A/,/B./,ac.the,/D.the,aIcan’treeberhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft_____city,Ionlyree beritas______onday.。
高三英语二轮复习冠词和代词精品教学案 教案
【专题二】冠词和代词【考情分析】(1)冠词在高考中的考查重点:冠词是历年高考的必考知识点,主要出现在单项选择和短文改错题中. 虽说只有两类,共三个(不定冠词a, an和高考资源网定冠词the),但其使用规则很复杂,考生对此语法束手无策。
纵观历年高考试题,冠词考点主要集中在以下几点:4.考查零冠词(即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法9.考查有无冠词而迥异短语(2)数词在高考中的考查重点:1.数词表示确切数目和不确切数目的区别;2.数词复数的特殊用法;4.dozen和score 的特殊用法【知识归纳】冠词考点一:不定冠词的基本用法1.泛指一个。
如:There is a book on the table.2.指人或事物的某一种类。
如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. 3.指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。
如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 4.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。
如:We have meals three times a day.5.表示同样的。
如:They are of an age.(他们是同岁。
)6.表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。
如:There is a pen and two books on the desk. 7.使抽象名词具体化。
如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand译为“帮手”)8.固定搭配。
如:as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word考点二:定冠词的基本用法1.表示上文提到过的人或事物。
如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 2.用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。
高考英语二轮复习 资料专题01 冠词教学案(教师版)
高考英语二轮复习资料专题01 冠词教学案(教师版)【高考考纲解读】冠词是历年各地高考必考语言点之一。
就考查题型而言,以单项选择为主,有时在短文改错中出现。
冠词在高考中的重点考查内容有:1. 以考查冠词的基础用法为重点(特指,类指,泛指), 熟记定冠词和零冠词的特殊用法;2. 和某些抽象名词连用,使其具体化将成为考查重点;3. 理解有无冠词意义不同的词组;4. 对冠词的灵活运用即一些固定短语,特殊句式将仍旧会出现在高考试卷中。
【重点知识整合】一、不定冠词的主要用法不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。
以发音为准,a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。
◆表示“同一”,相当于the same.如:Birds of a feather flock together; people of a kind fall into the same group.物以类聚,人以群分。
Cotton of a kind was stored together in a house.(a kind=the same kind)表示“每”,相当于per. 如:three times a day表示“一”,相当于one.. 如:I’ll be back in a day or two.表示“某一个”,相当于a certain或some,如:-----Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here.❖用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵....”的含义,如:A rainstorm was on the way. 一场暴雨就要来临。
It is an honour to be invited to the meeting.应邀参加这次会议是一件幸事。
Please give me a black coffee! 请给我来杯不加牛奶的咖啡!【·山西大学附中1月考】2. We don’t think the experiment is ______ failure. At least we have gained ______ experience for future success.A. the; aB. a; /C. a; anD. the; the♦用在被修饰语限定的独一无二的东西前,如:We all hope to have a peaceful and friendly world.⌧用在被修饰语限定的季节,月份,日期,三餐前,如:On a cold rainy night , the poor man was dragging himself on a street alone.What a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.⍓用在以下几类固定搭配中。
高中语法专题教案-名词冠词详细讲解
第一章名词与冠词一.名词种类个体名词可数名词集体名词普通名词物质名词名词不可数名词专有名词抽象名词二.专有名词2.1人名:James Keynes ;2.2地名:Beijing ; London2.3 月份,星期几和节日:June六月;Monday;New Year’s Day 2.4某类人的名称:Americans2.5书名,电影及诗歌名称the Bible圣经2.6某些抽象事物:English ;2.7对家人的称呼:Mum ;Dad专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
三.普通名词可数:可以用数计算;不可数:不可以用数计算。
3.1可数名词中的个体名词He has two books.The panda is native to China. 熊猫原产于中国个体名词含义1:具体的人或物,作为个体存在的。
We have been good friends for twenty years.I had a dream last week.个体名词含义2:也可指抽象事物。
There are still many problems. 现在仍然有许多问题个体名词含义3:个体名词有复数,可以和冠词连用。
3.2可数名词中的集体名词group(小组)cast演员(总称)army(军队)audience(听众)family(家庭)集体名词是由个体组成的集体。
3.2.1一般来说,集体名词被视为整体时做单数;强调其成员时做复数:单数:His family isn’t large. 他家族不大。
复数:His family are all sport lovers 他家人都喜欢运动。
单数:The public was unlikely to support it.公众支持它的可能性不大。
复数:The public were fooled by the newspapers. 公众被报纸愚弄3.2.2 特殊用法例一:two people两个人two peoples两个民族people指“人们”时是集体名词,只能做复数;指“民族”时可做单数:例二:The police are looking for him. A policeman is there. 一个警察在那。
高考英语第二轮语法专题复习教案一冠词
高考英语第二轮语法专题复习一冠词The Article知识要点:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The definite Article)两种。
a (an) 是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。
the 是定冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。
这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。
如:She is a girl.I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。
3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。
如:I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。
如:a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。
如:This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。
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2010高考二轮复习英语教案专题一名词和冠词【专题要点】1.名词的数和格;2.名词作定语;3.抽象名词具体化;4.在具体的情境中名词词义的编写;5.定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词;6.表示职位、头衔的名词作同位语、补语、表语时,其前面常不用任何冠词;7.在年代、朝代、世纪名词前,常用定冠词the;8.by+表示计量单位的名词;9.三餐、月份名词前常用零冠词,但当被某一形容词修饰时,其前面常用不定冠词a/an;10.语言类的名词前一般不加冠词,但其后有language/tongue时,其前加the【考纲要求】1. 冠词是历年高考的必考知识点,主要出现在单项选择和短文改错题中. 虽说只有两类,共三个(不定冠词a, an和定冠词the),但其使用规则很复杂,一直是让考生感到很头痛的一类命题. 需要说明的是:在近几年高考试题中,冠词考题很少考查某一单独考点,一般都是一题两空,涉及两个考点因此在复习备考中要考纲要求要重点掌握如下几点:1)考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法2)考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法3)考查不定冠词和定冠词在固定搭配中的用法4) 考查零冠词(即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法5) 考查冠词在表示类别名词前的用法6) 考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法7) 考查冠词在比较级前的用法8) 考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法9) 考查有无冠词而迥异短语2. 对名词的考查考纲要求注意同义词、近义词的辨析;名词固定用法;从近几年高考英语语法与名词词汇所考试题来看,高考命题中语法与词汇呈现出以下特点:淡化语法,注重交际语境化与生活化,不再单独地去考察某一个语法或是词汇点,而是把考点放到一个生活化的语言环境中,突出语用能力【教法指引】随着“淡化语法,注重语言交际及语用功能”这一理念的逐渐认同及新课标对词汇量要求的逐年增加,2010年高考教师在指导学生复习名词和冠词时要正确把握考纲要求,首先弄清考试命题动向,其次学生在名词的学习和复习中经常出错和易混的就是同义词和近义词的辨析比较,这样要针对这些问题专门设计针对性题目进行突破;对于冠词的教学在二轮复习中要紧抓冠词的特殊用法,在抽象名词的具体化、零冠词的使用、固定短语中的冠词等进行训练和点拨,学生经常犯错的就是抽象名词具体化,需用冠词以及固定短语中的冠词使用,针对问题,进行归纳梳理,为学生复习备考查缺补漏做好准备【知识网络】一、名词(一)、名词的种类:1、专有名词:1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词)2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。
(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。
)2、普通名词:1)不可数名词注意:①不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。
如:have a wonderful time.②不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
③不可数名词一般无复数形式。
部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式如:fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……| | | |各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水积雪④有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。
如:times时代,works著作,difficulties 困难⑤在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。
如:a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….2)可数名词:①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:A bird can fly .The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.②有复数形式:a)规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略)b)不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena)…注意:c)单、复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)……如,a sheep, two sheepd)只用复数形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…e)形复实单:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means.f)形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等g)集合名词如:family, public, group, class等。
当作为整体时,为单数;当作为整体中的各个成员时,为复数如:My family is a big one.My family are music lovers.h)复合名词变复数时,a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。
如:sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son (s)继子;editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。
b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。
如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中间人c)woman, man作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一致。
如:a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors(二)、名词的所有格:1、表有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格,一般在名词后加“’s”。
如:Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…注意:1)名词复数的词尾是-s或-es,它的所有格只在词后加“s”。
如:Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home(工人疗养院),the students’ reading-room。
2)复合名词的所有格,在后面的词后加“’s”。
如:her son-in-law’s photo(她女婿的照片);anybody else’s book(其他任何人的书)3)如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有,则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”;如果不是共有,则每个词后都要加“’s”。
如:Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有). Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机(不共有)4)表地点(店铺,某人的家等)的名词所有格后面,一般省去它所修饰的名词。
如:the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)5)有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词,也可加“’s”表所有格如:half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程)China’s agriculture (中国的农业)2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组,表示所有格。
如:the cover of the book3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of,特别是名词较长,有较多的定语时如:the story of Dr Norman Bethune.Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?4、“of词组+所有格”的用法:在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如:a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)时,常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。
如:a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本二、冠词(一)、不定冠词的用法1.表示one, the same, everyThey are of an age.I earn 10 dollars an hour as a salesman.2.用在物质、抽象名词前,表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”That’s a green tea.They were caught in a heavy rain.It is a great pleasure to have a talk with you.3.用于某人姓名前,表示“某个名叫……的人”;用于星期中的某一天的名称前,表示“某星期几”He died on a Sunday.A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside.4.不定冠词的特殊位置:What/such/rather a(an) +(adj.)+单数名词So/as/too/how/however + adj.+ a/an单数名词Many a(an) +单数名词许多Not a(an) +单数名词不止一个Half a(an) +单数名词What a clever boy he is!=How clever a boy he is!Many a young man wants to learn English.He is quite a good player.It is rather a cold day.However clever a boy he is, he is to follow the teacher’s instructions.5.用在某些固定词组中:Have a swim/talk/walk/dance/look/quarrel, have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while, once upon a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance, as a matter of fact(二)、.定冠词的用法1. 专有名词The Englishmen the EnglishThe Frenchmen the FrenchThe Englishmen in the dining-room are having supper now.The Englishmen/English use a knife and fork in their meals.2. 固定习惯用语The Greens are at table.The Chens will move to Nanjing.The Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Aut umn Period, in the 1870’sHe plays the violin but gives lessons on the piano.I have hired the car by the hour.The windows face to the south.On the left/rightIn the daytime the other day=a few days agoHit sb. in the faceWound sb. in the legthe first, the tallest, the taller of the two boysWho invented the telephone?The rich, the woundedthe blind the rich the wounded the new the unknown the learned the dyingIn the morning, in the end, in the least, in the distance, in the way, on the whole, on the other hand, at the same time, at the moment, in the 1980’s, go to the cinema/theatre, go to the doctors’, for the time being, on the radio/phone.(三)、零冠词的用法1、一日三餐、一年四季、节假日Spring comes after winter.They came to Beijing in the winter of 2004.We have few classes on Saturday.This happened on a Sunday toward the end of June.He likes playing basketball.He studies biology at university.Comrade Li was chairman of the meeting.2.系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语用零冠词His brother has turned writer.3.用在“表示类型的名词+of…”这一结构后的单数名词用零冠词。