Unit1 直接引语与间接引语

直接引语和间接引语
⏹定义：引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是直接引用别人原句，这
叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人话，且不能用引号，这是间接引语。

⏹直接引语变间接引语的注意事项：
●人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
●时态的变化：直接引语时态+did变间接引语时态，完成时除
外。

谓语动词时态变化需要注意以下几点：
1)直接引语表述的是客观真理或谚语格言，变为间接引语时，时态
不变。

eg：The geography teacher said to me, “ The earth is round.”
The geography teacher told me that the earth is round.
2)主语谓语动词的时态是现在时态，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

eg: She says, “ I will save the world.”
She says that she’ll save the world.
3)直接引语部分带有具体的表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语
时，时态不变。

eg: He said,” I was born in 2000 in Zhengzhou.”
He said that he was born in 2000 in Zhengzhou.
指示代词，时间状语，地点状语及方向性动词的变化
句子结构的变化
1)陈述句
间接引语用连接词that引导，that在口语中常省略。

主句的谓语动词可直接用原主句中的谓语动词said，也可用told来代替。

【注意：可以用said that, said to sb that, told sb that, 但不可用told that.】
He said,” I have been to the Great Wall.”
He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
2)一般疑问句或反义疑问句
间接引语用whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked
（me/him/us等），语序是陈述语序。

He said,” Do you like English?”
He asked (me) if/whether I liked English.
H e said,” You are interested in English, aren’t you?”
He asked (us) if/whether we were interested in English.
3)特殊疑问句
原句中的疑问词作为间接引语的连接词，间接引语主句的谓语动词用ask（sb）来表达，语序改为陈述语序。

He said to me,” What’s your name?”
He asked me what my name was.
4)选择疑问句
用whether…or…句式，而不用if…or…或either…or…
He asked,” Do you speak English or French?”
He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
5)祈使句
直接引语的结构是：主语+动词+祈使句。

间接引语的结构是：主语+动词+to do
【祈使句变间接引语时，主要使用动词不定式，且谓语动词要做一定变化。

表示命令时，用order，command等；表示请求时，用ask, beg, request等；表示忠告时，一般用advice。

】
H e said to me,” Come in.”
He told me to come in.。