动词不定式的讲义
初中英语非谓语动词——动词不定式
一对一个性化讲义本次课课堂教学内容一、动词不定式的构成及句法功能1.动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形。
有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身没有意义,动词不定式的否定形式是“not(+to)+动词原形”。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。
2.动词不定式的句法功能(1)不定式作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时,用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语置于句末。
例:To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易It is important for students to learn English well.学好英语对学生们来说是重要的。
(2)不定式作宾语有些及物动词后用不定式作宾语,常见的这类及物动词有:begin、choose、continue、decide、expect、fail、forget、hate、help、hope、learn、manage、mean、need、offer、plan、prefer、pretend、promise、refuse、try、wait、want、wish、determine、dare、attempt、afford、agree、start、like。
例:She promised to come at nine o’clock.她答应九点来的。
如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置。
例:I found it important to get up early in the morning.我发现早上早起很重要。
(3)不定式作定语①不定式有时起形容词的作用,修饰名词、代词,在句中作定语。
不定式作定语时,它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)
专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)考点清单范围知识条目非谓语动词熟练运用动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法考点一动词不定式的用法一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是在其前面加not。
二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy forus to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。
不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等宾语I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。
只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。
如:To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
Unit5Grammarandwriting(学生版)八年级英语上册讲义(人教版)
Unit 5 Grammar and writing目标导航Grammar 动词不定式作宾语Writing 谈论自己喜欢的电影或电视节目知识精讲单元语法讲练:一、动词不定式知识点01 动词不定式的构成及用法构成动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,有时可以省略to.动词不定式在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。
动词不定式在句子中不作谓语,所以没有人称和数的变化,其否定式是在to前加上not.具体用法见下面:用法1作宾语。
(1)在offer,plan,hope,decide,learn,wish,want,agree,refuse,begin,start,forget,remember 等动词之后作宾语。
Finally he offered to go shopping with me.最后他主动提出跟我一起去购物。
I want to see a film tonight.我想今天晚上去看电影。
【即学即练1】Mario and his friends are making some plans in an old people's home this summer.A.workB.workingC.to work解析:考查非谓语动词。
Make plans to do sth.相当于plan to do sth,意为“计划做某事”。
答案C(2)在know,decide,remember 等动词之后可用“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
I don't want to stay at home,but I don't know where to go.我不想待在家里,但是我不知道能去哪里。
【即学即练2】-My family will go on a trip to Beijing this summer, but we haven't decided .-Why not take the highspeed railway?A. when to leaveB.how to get thereC.which hotel to chooseD.how long to stay there解析:考查“疑问词+不定式”的用法。
动词不定式
Unit7—Unit8英语复习讲义稿编制:廖志高一、语法:动词不定式(The Infinitive)(一)、动词不定式的概念:to+动词原形(二)、什么时候动词用不定式?一个句子中不止一个动词,并且这个动词又不作谓语,一般情况下,这个不作谓语的动词常用动词不定式,即:to+动词原形。
﹡(三)、英语中常见的十个动词后动词不定式省to:(注意:被动语态中没有省to的情况。
)一、看:see, look, watch, notice;二、听listen, hear;三、感觉feel;四、使役let, make, help; (★help;后的动词不定式,既可带to+动词原形,也可省to,而后动词,仍用原形。
)﹡(四)、“疑问词+不定式”结构1.疑问词或疑问词组要放在不定式之前:如:A. What to do is a big problem.B. I know how to use the computer.C. Can you tell me which way to go .2.宾语从句与“疑问词+不定式”结构的转化:当主句中的主语和宾语从句中的主语是同一类人或物,而且引导该从句的引导词是which, what, how, where 等疑问词时,可将宾语从句中的主语删掉,将其转化为“疑问词+不定式”这一结构。
如:I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.﹡(五)、如何对不定式划线提问A.当不定式放在及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语后时,对不定式提问用疑问词what. 如:●I know where to go .→What do you know?●She asked me when to start.→对不定式提问用疑问what did she ask me ?B.当不定式放在不及物动词后一般表目的,对不定式提问用疑问why.如:I went there to buy some candies. →why did you go there?﹡(六)、注意:see sb. do (doing)看到某人(正在)做;hear sb. do (doing) 听到某人(正在)做;watch sb. do (doing ); 观看某人(正在)做;▲上述三组词组中,如果强调当时正在后就用动词ing 形式;反之,后就用省to的动词原形。
高中英语语法讲义:动词不定式考点详析与练习
动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,可以在句子中充当除谓语之外的任何成分。动词 不定式具有动词的性质,可以带宾语和状语,且有完成式、完成进行式、进行式、被动式 和否定形式等变化。
考点详析 一、 不定式的基本形式 由“to + 动词原形”构成;其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”,若加强语气可用“never to + 动词原形”。 She promised never to tell a lie again. 她承诺再也不撒谎了。 二、 不定式的时态和语态 不定式一般有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(下面以 do 为例): 1. 不定式的时态 (1) 不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后發生时,不定式用 一般式。 They planned to employ some skilled workers. 他们打算雇几个有技术的工人。 (2) 不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生,并强调动作正在进行或一直在持续, 不定式用进行式。 He pretended to be reading when I came in. 当我进来的时候,他假装在看书。 (3) 不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,不定式用完成式。 The disabled man is said to have translated several novels into French. 据说这个残 疾人已将几本小说翻译成法语。 (4) 如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻,不定式 用完成进行式,此时,强调动作的持续性,不强调结果。 She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours. 好像她已经看了 3 个小时 的小说了。 2. 不定式的语态
初二英语动词不定式讲义和练习附带复习资料
初二年级英语动词不定式讲义和对应练习动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如:1、把不定式置于句首。
如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2、用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。
如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do“It is stupid of you to write down everything”,the teacher says.注意:在③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词,强调对人的评价。
2024届高三英语语法一轮复习考点动词不定式用法注意点与语法结构 讲义素材
2024届高三英语高考一轮复习语法考点动词不定式用法注意点与语法结构(讲义)动词不定式特征:动词不定式具有名词、副词和形容词的性质。
动词不定式作用:动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
动词不定式九大注意点01使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语,省略t o(注意:被动语态“t o”加回)。
S h e s a w h e r d au ght e r e nt e r t h e r oom.(H e r d au gh t er wa s s e en t o en t er t h e ro om.)她看见女儿进了房间。
I h e a r d hi m s i n g h ap pi l y j u s t n ow.(H e w as h e a rd t o s i n g h ap pi l y j u s t n ow.)我刚才听到他快乐地唱歌。
02w o ul d r at he r, h ad be t t e r(b e st)等习惯用法之后,省略t o。
I w o u l d r at h e r(not)st a y a t h om e.我宁愿(不)呆在家里。
Y o u h ad b et t e r e at m o re fi sh, l e s s m e at.你最好多吃鱼少吃肉。
03不定式作表语时,它的前面出现d o的各种形式时,省略t o。
T h e on l y t h i n g I c a n do i s w a i t.我唯一能做的事就是等着。
A l l t he y n e e d t o do n ow i s t a k e a b r e ak.现在他们需要的是好好休息。
04“W h y n o t do st h.?” 和“W h y d o n't yo u d o s t h.?”句型中,省略t o。
W h y n o t t r y i t a ga i n?= W h y d o n't yo u t ry i t a ga i n?为什么不再试一下呢?05在w h en, i f, w ha t,as等从句中与l i k e, w a nt, wi s h连用时,省略t o。
英语培训讲义:非谓语动词(不定式)
This promotes empathy rather than
n. 同情
resentment.
n. 憎恨
Why not eat more fruits?
填写
Would you please fill out a deposit slip? Could you help me find an apartment?
状语
状语
表目的 表结果 表原因
表程度
作目的状语
常用结构: to do, only to, in order to, so as to do, so(such) …as to…
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. I come here only to say good-bye to you.
He gave us some advice on how to learn computer.
注意事项 3
动词+宾语+不定式 不定式可以做宾语补足语
The officer ordered his soldiers to fire. Father will not allow us to play on the street. I have no choice but to believe what
All of us think it urgent to implement economic reform.
注意事项 2
动词+疑问词+不定式 有些动词可以要求其后的不定式
前面加一个连接副(代)词,一起
充当宾语。what,when,where, which,how,whether等。
魔法英语语法讲义-动词不定式
第五章动词不定式(一)动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。
它还可以有形式的变化,即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
同时,动词不定式也具有非动词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
一、动词不定式的特征和种类动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。
A.不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。
(同时发生)To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
(to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后)B.不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
C.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的,但是我感觉身体不舒服。
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说,被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。
非谓语动词讲义-高三英语一轮复习
高三一轮复习非谓语动词动词不定式(to do)、分词(现在分词v+ing,过去分词done)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。
这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。
但可以有逻辑主语。
由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。
由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。
非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。
非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
(一)1、动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
2.动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用.E.g. 1.做主语: To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:It is good to help each other.3..不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.次做两件事等于未做。
4.动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:I don’t think it right to do it that way.作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语: Every morning he gets up very early to read English(二)ing形式:动词的ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
Unit1ArtDiscoverUsefulStructures动词不定式作表语讲义高中英语人教版选
选必三Unit1 Grammar动词不定式(to do)(短语)作表语一、结构动词不定式可以放在be, bee, sound, taste等系动词后面作表语。
二、用法1、动词不定式作表语,表示主语的内容和目的。
主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划、任务的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, dream, aim, goal,intention,hope,plan,ambition,decision,以及what引导的主语从句等。
有时,根据表达的需要,在作表语的不定式前,还可添加疑问词,包括what, who, how, when, where等。
例如:The problem was how to begin.Eg:1.My goal in the term is to improve my English.2.Her dream is to be admitted to/into a key university.3.What I want to do now is to express my thanks for you to offer me the job.4.Our difficulty at present is how to find the solution.注意:不定式在作表语时,当前面的主语中有do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可以省略to。
1. What you should do next is (to) help him with his English。
2.The only thing he can do now is(to) give up the plan.2、当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词all或者主语被only/first/one/least或形容词最高级修饰时,系动词后可接不定式作表语。
Eg:All he wanted was to be left alone. 他只想一个人待着。
第11讲 非谓语动词:动词不定式(讲义)(解析版)
【思维建模】遇到设空处为动词的题时,若句中已有谓语动词且不存在并列谓语或从句的谓语,考虑设空词为非谓语动词。观察句子结构,it充当形式主语,则to walk作真正的主语。
【变式训练】Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________(make)eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
【易错提醒】有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语,但使役动词(make, let, have等)与感官动词(watch, hear, feel, notice, see等)用于主动语态时,作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to;但当这些词用于被动语态时,to不能省略(let除外)。
【解析】考查不定式。句意:牛本来是第一个过河的,但是他很善良,所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意表示“同意做某事”可知短语为agree to do sth.。故填to carry。
【答案】to carry
知识点
1.see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice,hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。
例1:To succeedcalls for hard work.成功需要副词艰辛的劳动。
例2:It’s not easyto find your way around the small town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
典例1.(2024·浙江卷1月七选五)I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easyitcan be to fall behind schedule.
高中英语复习讲义:动词不定式知识点总结
高中英语复习讲义动词不定式知识点总结动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“ to do ”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
但有时态和语态的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分或与疑问词等连用。
|不定式时态和语态•Theypretended not to see us.(不定式的一般式表示与谓语动词动作几乎同时发生或者发生在谓语动词动作之后.)•He pretendedto be sleeping.(不定式的进行式表示在谓语动词动作发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)•She pretendedto have known it before.(完成式表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前)•We’re happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)01不定式做主语例如:To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。
1)单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数2)动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语则为动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。
例如上面的句子可以表示为:To learn English well is not easy.= It is not easy to learn English well.To use English every day is important for students. = It is important for students to use English every day.02不定式作宾语( vt. + to do )动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin, start, want, forget, remember, learn, like, hate, love, ask , decide, expect, want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, mean 等等例如:1)I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。
高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考):第09讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式(讲义) (解析版)
第09讲非谓语动词之动词不定式(讲义)【复习目标】掌握动词不定式的句法功能重点复习不定式作状语、宾语和补语动词不定式的时态和语态掌握不定式的被动语态和主动表被动不定式符号to的省略练透近年高考真题中关于非谓语动词的题目,感悟高考命题规律和特点,实现高效备考。
【考情分析】从近三年新高考卷可以看出,对非谓语动词中不定式的考查是必考点,主要是考查非谓语动词作补语、定语和目的状语。
考查的都是不定式的基本用法,但是题目的设置更加注重语境以及情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对题干的理解难度。
近年高考真题动词不定式考点细目表【网络构建】不定式的形式种类时态主动形式及意义被动形式及意义不定式一般式to do 将要发生或发生在谓语动词的动作后to be done 被动、将来进行式to be doing 谓语发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前No. 1 作宾语下列动词只跟不定式作宾语口诀动词希望学会想决心hope/wish/expect, learn, want, decide/determine设法拒绝愿假装manage, refuse, care, pretend主动承诺选计划offer, promise, choose, plan请求同意来帮忙ask/beg, agree , helpShe closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.他闭上眼睛,假装睡着了。
注意:有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语,如,discover, explain, wonder等。
I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples.我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。
He has no choice but to leave.他除了离开别无选择。
Unit2Grammar动词不定式做定语和结果状语讲义高中英语牛津译林版(1)
语法图解语法精讲Grammar 动词不定式做定语和结果状语不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一,具出名词、形容词、副词的性质,在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语动词不定式做定语时应放在被修饰词的后面。
常用于以下情形:(1)动词不定式做定语表示将来的还没有发生的动作。
There are many problems to be solved before we are alreadyfor a long stay on the moon.在我们预备长时间待在月球上之前,还有很多要处理的问题。
We're to hold a meeting half an hour. The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our pany.我们半小时后将要进行一个会议。
会议上做出的打算将影响我们公司的末来。
(2)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the very等后常用不定式做定语。
He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作的最正确人选。
He is always the first to e and the last to leave.他总是第一个来,最终一个走。
He is the only one to win the game.他是唯一—个赢得这场竞赛的人。
(3)抽象名词time, way,reason,chance, ability, promise 等后常用不定式做定语。
He made a promise to e here on time tomorrow.他许诺明天按时来这儿。
Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand,even more so.爱好对于学习米说,同理解力量一样职要,甚至更蛋要。
动词不定式的用法讲义
动词不定式的用法讲义动词不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它具有丰富的用法和多样的功能。
下面让我们一起来详细了解一下动词不定式的各种用法。
一、动词不定式的形式动词不定式的基本形式是“to +动词原形”,例如“to study”“to play”。
但在一些情况下,to 会被省略,我们后面会详细讲到。
二、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以用作句子的主语,表示一个具体的、将要发生的动作。
例如:“To learn a foreign language well is not easy”(学好一门外语不容易。
)但需要注意的是,为了避免句子头重脚轻,通常会使用形式主语 it ,将真正的主语动词不定式后置,变成“It is not easy to learn a foreign language well”三、动词不定式作宾语很多动词后面可以接动词不定式作宾语,常见的有:want(想要),hope(希望),decide(决定),plan(计划),expect(期望)等。
例如:“I want to go shopping this weekend”(这个周末我想去购物。
)四、动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词后面会接宾语和动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的这类动词有:ask(要求),tell(告诉),allow(允许),enable(使能够)等。
例如:“The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time”(老师要求我们按时完成作业。
)五、动词不定式作定语动词不定式可以用来修饰名词或代词,作定语。
例如:“I have a lot of work to do”(我有很多工作要做。
)这里的“to do”就修饰“work”,表示“要做的工作”。
六、动词不定式作状语1、目的状语动词不定式可以作目的状语,表示某个动作的目的。
例如:“He came here to see me”(他来这里是为了看我。
动词不定式讲义
初中动词不定式讲义主要内容:1. 定义/特征; 2. 用法(难点); 3. 练习(重点)1.定义/特征:-“to+V.原”“not to +V.原”- 非谓语动词;除谓语之外,可做主语,宾语,宾补,状语,定语- 没有人称和数的变化;但有时态和语态的变化2.用法带to的不定式- 作主语/ 常见于形式主语It:Eg. To say is easy, but to do is not easy. –(It’s easy to say, but not easy to do.)Eg. It’s so nice of you to help me look after my little pet. –( It is 形容词(of sb.) to do sth. (形容词nice, clever, good, right, foolish等表示不定式的逻辑主语的属性和性质)Eg. It’s important to have a rest after work. –( It is 形容词(for sb.) to do sth. (形容词difficult, easy, hard, important等表示不定式的动作行为的性质)It takes sb. 时间to do sth.-作宾语:(want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember to do sth.)Eg. She wanted to borrow my radio.Find it difficult to do sth.-作宾补:(ask, teach, expect, tell,allow, want sb. to do sth.)Eg. Tell her to turn it down.-作状语:目的状语Eg. She went to shop to buy some fruit.原因状语Eg. I’m so glad to meet you all.结果状语( too+adj./adv. +to do sth. adj./adv. + enough (+ n.) (for sb.) to do sth.)Eg. The hole is too small to go through.He is old enough to understand this question.-作定语:Eg. Do you want anything to eat? (与逻辑主语anything是动宾关系)He is not an easy man to get on with. (带上介词构成短语,相当于及物动词)不带to的不定式-see, watch, hear, feel +sb. do sth.Eg. I saw him dance.-Make, have, let +sb. do sth.Eg. So much homework made her feel very tired.-had better/ would rather do sth.Eg. You’d better wake him up. It’s time for school.-Why/why not do sth. (不同于what/who/which/how/where/when to do)Eg. Why not go to the library now?She didn’t know what/when/how to do; her mother told her which road to take, though she didn’t decide where to go.不定式否定式(在to前加not; 如果是不带to, 直接在动词原型前加not )Eg. He tried not to wake his mom up.You’d better not wake him up.3. 练习(附上)A Quiz on INFINITIVEYour Name:1.The kind old man was always ready_____people in trouble.A helpedB helpingC to helpD help2.He was made_____heavy work day and might.A didB doingC doD to do3.The teacher let Tom ______in the gate house.A waitB to waitC waitingD to have waited4.The girl was too poor _____a house______.A to buy,to live inB to buy,live inC to buy,in liveD Buying to in live5.He is not a bad boy. Why_____him______?A.let,to goB.let ,goC.to let,to goD.to let,go6. The first thing I want to do is __________.A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him7. Li Yang advised me _________ too much; otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking8. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else. A. to share B. to have shared C. shareD. sharing9. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having10. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make。
动词不定式讲义
动词不定式讲义动词不定式I.不定式的形式:II.不定式的否定形式: 在不定式符号to前加not / never即:not/never to doIII. 不定式的逻辑主语:for sb to doNote: 当形容词是说明主语的性质时(即:可以说sb is +adj.), 要⽤of sb to do eg. It’s important for us to look into the world. It’s impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.IV.作⽤(所做成分):主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语1.做主语:1)单个的不定式做主语,谓语动词⽤单数eg。
To master a foreign language calls for a great deal o f memory work。
2)可⽤it 作形式主语,不定式放后eg。
It is necessary to learn English well。
3)同动名词区别:动名词表习惯性、经常性的动作;不定式表具体动作eg. Swimming is good.To swim this afternoon is good.2.做表语: 不定式做表语表⽰主语的“职业、职责或性质”等,从时间概念上说含有将来意义。
Eg. Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.He seemed to know everything about this matter.Note: 1) aim, purpose, wish 等词做主语表语⼀定⽤to doEg. The writer’s purpose is to tell us some facts.My wish is to go to college.2) 当主语是从句,且从句中带有实意动do 时, 做表语的不定式可省略toeg. What I want to do is (to) help you make progress in English.3.做宾语: 1)做动词宾语常见的动词有:agree, afford, ask, choose , decide, expect, fail, hope, help, learn,manage, plan, pretend, promise, offer, want, wish2) 做介词宾语时, 不能单独⽤, 要加上疑问词eg. I am interested in what to do next.3)it作形式宾语:think, find, consider, make, feel 等+ it+ n./adj. + to do/doing/句Eg. I made it a rule to read English aloud for 10 minutes every day.I found it no use talking with him about this.We thought it a pity that the meeting should have been cancelled.I think it possible for him to come tomorrow.I think it likely that he will come tomorrow.4) but/except + 不定式(注意:besides doing)(1) 前有动词do 后省不定式符号toeg. He does nothing but complain.He has nothing to do but cry.He has no choice but to accept the fact.(2) cannot but docannot choose but do have to docannot help but doeg. He can’t choose but do it.I can’t help but feel very worried.I can’t but wonder what will happen.4.做定语:放在被修饰词的后⾯1)与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系(句中主语是动作的发出者)Eg. Have you anything to do this evening?I have some friends to invite over.Note: The secretary asked the boss “Do you have anything to be typed?”2) 与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系Eg. The next person to speak here is my friend Tom..Note: (1)to be done 作定语表⽰还没发⽣的动作(即:将来的动作)done作定语表⽰已发⽣的动作(即过去的动作)being done作定语表⽰正在发⽣的动作Eg. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.The meeting held yesterday was very important.The meeting being held now is very important.(2) 表顺序的first, second, last 等词后⼀定是不定式修饰.Eg. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.His son was the second to be killed in the war.(3) 如果动词是不及物动词,需加相应的介词。
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Lecture 2 Infinitive-----动词不定式1非谓语动词(Non-Predicate Verb):在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
1.1 非谓语动词与谓语动词相似点有:1.如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用。
They built a house.They suggested building a house.2.都可被状语修饰。
The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3.都有主动与被动,“体”式(一般式、进行式和完成式)的变化。
He was beaten by his parents.He avoided being beaten by his parents.We have written composition.Having written the composition, we handed it in.4.都可有逻辑主语。
We started the work at once.The boss ordered us to start the work at once.We are Party members.We being Party members, the work was well done.1.2非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1.2.1非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1.2.2 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
1.2.3 非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
2 动词不定式的结构形式温馨口诀:动作同时一般式,有时还用进行式,前面动作完成式。
被动要有被动式,否定to前加not。
2.1一般式(动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生。
)I’m glad to meet you.(同时)He wants to be an artist.(之后)The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack.2.2 进行式(动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。
)He seems to be reading in his room.(同时)2.3 完成式(动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
)I regretted to have told a lie.I am sorry for the article not to have been finished in time.3 动词不定式的作用。
温馨口诀:主宾表定状,宾补能用上。
3.1 作主语To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语。
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.3.2 作表语His job is to clean the hall.3.3 作宾语I hope to see you.如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面。
He found it important to study English.也可以充当介词宾语。
I have no choice but to stay here.They did nothing except work.有时也可与疑问词连用。
He gave us some advice on how to study English.3.4 作宾补I saw him come in.3.5 作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后面。
He was the last guest to arrive. (主-动关系)He found a good house to live in. (动-宾关系)I have no wish to quarrel with you. (同位关系)如果不定式修饰名词time, place, way,可以省略介词。
He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.3.6 作状语He worked day and night to get money.(表目的)He arrived late to find the train gone.(表结果)They were sad to hear the news.(表原因)3.7 作主补She is known to be a good teacher.3.8 作独立成分To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he t alked.4带to动词不定式做宾语4.1 要想干,同意办,愿意不愿意,决定尽量干。
A.要求,想要,希望:want wish hope expect intend meanB.同意:agree promiseC.意愿:care hate refuseD.决定,企图:determine decide attempt try manage4.2 其它动词:Afford aim appear arrange bother believe choose claim come consent dare demand desire decline elect endeavor fail hesitate offer happen help seek learn neglect pledge plan prepare pretend seem swear undertake volunteer wait long(渴望)5不带to的动词不定式的常用动词和结构:5.1温馨口诀:一感feel, 二听hear, listen to ,三让have, let, make, bid(旧用法:嘱咐、命令),四看see, look at, observe, watch;还有except 和but, 前面有实义动词do, to 略去;主语从句有实义动词do式,to有to无都可以。
其它不带to的不定式情况:5.2 在半助动词之后,如:be about to/ be able to/ be apt to/ be bound to/ be due to/ be going to / be liable to/ be obliged to/ be supposed to/ be sure to/ be to/ be willing to / had better/best/ have to/ have got to / come to / fail to / get to/ tend to /be certain to/ be (un)likely to / appear to / chance to / happen to/ seem to/ turn out to/ etc. (p210. 18.1.1/p220.19.1.2. b)直接加上不含to的不定式。
The boy has to make a living by begging.He is unwilling to help me with my English.He seems to be very disappointed.注:半助动词含有的“to”,不能看成小品词,而应该看成半助动词的一部分,不能分割。
5.3 在情态成语之后,直接加上不带to的不定式。
would rather/would sooner/would (just) as soon +than-/as-+do (宁愿…而不愿)may/might (just) as well do(不妨,可以)cannot but/ cannot help but(不能不,不由得不)The hero said: “I would rather die than surrender.”Since it’s a fine day we may as well have a walk.I cannot but choose to go.I would as soon stay at home.5.4 rather than/sooner than 用法。
5.4.1 rather than与sooner than同义,多与would连用,构成“would rather...than...”句式,均作“宁可…而不”解释,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择其一。
前者多见,置于句首时,其后跟不带to的不定式。
Sooner than marry him, she would earn her living as a waitress.Rather than lose the children, she would die.当rather than与sooner than出现于句中其他位置时,其后不定式既可带to也可不带to.I decided to go home by taxi rather than wait here.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.5.4.2 rather than 不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……;与其……不如……”。
它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。
5.4.2.1连接两个名词或代词He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。
You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野营。
注意:rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
5.4.2.2 连接两个形容词The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。