《中考语法完全突破记忆大纲》第3讲：代词

第三讲：代词一.代词的分类代词是用来代替名词（或名词性结构）的词。

九类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词和关系代词。

（人物反相指，不疑连关词）二.代词详解1. 人称代词(1) 定义:表示“你，我，他/她/它及其复数”的代词称为人称代词。

(2). 用法①作主语(用主格）如: We eat to live; we don’t live to eat.②作宾语（用宾格）如: They gave him some books.③作表语（主格，宾格皆可）如: It must be he.(主格）It was him that I saw yesterday.（宾格）注意：人称代词作主语，其后不带谓语动词时，在口语中常用宾格。

如: —Does anyone know him?—Me.(3) it的用法①主要用于指代上文提到的事物，也可用于指代婴儿或不明身份的人如:---What’s this?---It’s a book.(=This is a book.)I bought a pen last week, but I lost it yesterday.—Who is it?—It’s Tom.②指代天气, 温度, 时间, 距离, 环境等。

如: It’ s cold today.It’s ten o’clock now.③用作形式主语如: It’s important to master English.(it=to master English)④用作形式宾语如：I found it interesting to teach English.(it=to teach English)2.物主代词(1) 定义:(2) 用法①形容词性的物主代词:只用作定语如: I haven’t got your name.②名词性物主代词: 可用作主，宾，表语。

如: Hers is a new bike.I don’t like hers.Victory will be ours.3.反身代词(1)(2) 用法①作宾语如: God help those who help themselves.(自助者，天助之。

)You should be proud of yourself.②作表语如: The master of your fate is yourself.（命运的主人是你自己。

）I’m not myself today.（我今天不舒服。

）③同位语如：The matter itself is not important.You should ask Tom himself.④作主语单独的反身代词不用作主语，但在“A and/or/nor B”结构作主语时，B可以用反身代词。

如: James and myself did it.4.相互代词(1) 定义: 表示相互关系的代词称为相互代词。

只有两个：each other和one another。

它们都表示“彼此”.(2) 用法each other用于两者及以上之间one another用于三者及以上之间如: We should help each other/one another.5.指示代词(1) 定义:用于指明一定的人或事物时所用的代词称为指示代词。

指示代词:this(这个),that（那个),these(这些),those(那些）this,that指代单数或不可数名词these/those指代可数名词复数this/these指时空上近的事物that/those指时空上较远的事物(2)用法①形容词性用法-作定语如: This desk is small and that one is big.②名词性用法-主要用作主，宾语.如: This is Bill.Do you like that?注意:that可在句中代替前面出现过的单数可数或不可数名词，以避免重复。

如：The climate of Qingdao is cooler than that of Beijing. (that=climate)当其所代替的名词为复数时用those。

如：The apples in the basket are bigger than those on the floor.6. 不定代词1) 定义:不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。

常见不定代词有:all ,both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no，something, anything, everything, nothing , somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, none等。

2) 用法要点:(1)every/each①. every只能作定语，后接单数可数名词，指代三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。

如: Every student is present.（每个学生都在场。

）Every man has his weak side.（每个人都有弱点。

）②each指代两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个，可以在句中作主语，宾语，定语，同位语。

如:Each of the students will get a book.（主语）I gave a piece of cake to each of the children.（宾语）He had a pen in each hand. (定语)They each have a book. （同位语）(2)some, any二者都可以用作主语，宾语或定语。

可以代替或修饰可数名词（单复数均可）或不可数名词。

①some一般用于肯定句中。

其修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词时，表示“一些”，修饰可数名词单数时表示“某个”，用于数字前时则可表示“大约”。

some用于疑问句时，则表示希望得到对方肯定回答的请求或建议。

如：Some have gone back home.(主语）We like some of them.（宾语）I have some books.（定语）May I have some water? （表请求）Should we get some oil? （表建议）②any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，也可用于肯定句，表示“任何；任一”。

如:Have you any brother/brothers?I don’t like any of these books.我不喜欢这些书。

Take any book(s) you like.试比较: I don’t like some of these books. 这些书中有些我不喜欢。

(3)either, neither代替或修饰可数名词单数形式。

在句中用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。

either指“（两个人或物中的）任何一个”，表肯定意义。

neither则表示“（两个人或物中的）任何一个也不”，为否定意义。

这两个词作主语时，谓语动词需用单数。

如：Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen?（主语）There is tea or coffee—you can have either.（宾语）He sat in the back of the car with a policeman on either side. （定语）他坐在车子后面，一边坐着一个警察。

Both players have been warned, but neither of them takes it seriously. (主语）两个运动员都受到了警告，但是他们都不把它当回事。

I like neither of them.（宾语）Neither parent cares what happens to the child.（定语）(4)many/muchmany代替或修饰可数名词复数，much则代替或修饰不可数名词。

在句中用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。

如: Many want to join us.(主语）We are many, and they are few.（表语）Much has been said on it. （主语）He didn’t say much about it.（宾语）There was too much work for one person（定语）(5) little/a little, few/ a few①little/a little代替或修饰不可数名词; few/a few代替或修饰可数名词。

都可用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。

②little/few表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有”;a little/a few意为“有一点/有几个”，表示肯定意义，说明虽然不多但是有。

如：A little is enough.（主语）We just need a little.（宾语）There is only a little milk. （定语）注意：only，just，quite与a few、a little为固定搭配。

I have many interesting books, and here are just a few.There are only a few people.She has cooked quite a few dinners over the years. (相当多的）(6)a lot (of), lots (of)修饰或代替复数可数名词或不可数名词。

作主语，宾语，表语。

如：A lot has been said on this.（主语）I’ve learned a lot from him.（宾语）That’s a lot.（表语）注意：a lot/lots不可直接置于名词前，其后接名词时，必须用a lot of/lots of。

如：A lot of work has been done.There were lots of people at the party.(7) one / other两者都可指代或修饰人或物，在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

①one代指单数可数名词，其复数形式为ones。

如:One can do what one likes here.（主语）--Have you got a camera?--No.--Oh, you should buy one.（宾语）They are all old ones.（表语）②other可指代或修饰单数或复数可数名词；the other用于指代单数名词，表示“（两者中的）另一个”。