第3讲 代词

第3讲代词（要点透析）

it的用法

一、指示代词

1. 指代上文提过的事物。

That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old.

那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。

【辨析】one, ones, it, that, those

it特指上文提到的某人和某物；相当于the＋名词。

one 指上文提到的某人或某物中任何一个。复数形式是ones。one前面若有形容词修饰，必须用冠词。

We've got a big room and two small ones.

我们有一间大房间和两间小房间。

I have a storybook. It is an amusing one.

我有一本故事书，它是有趣的。

that和those常有后置定语修饰，有特指意义，that代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，相当于the＋名词；复数名词用those，相当于the ones。

The weight of an elephant is much greater than that of a horse.

大象比马重得多。

【知识运用】

①— I can't find my watch.

— You haven't found ______？If you want to buy a new ______，I suggest you buy ______ made in China.

②The books on the first shelf are easier than ____________ on the second shelf.

③The boy told him his story and also __________ of the girl upstairs.

【答案】①it; one; one②those/the ones③that/the one

2. 指代人时，常指小孩或身份不明的人。

— Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it?

— It must be Leo. He said he'd come to see me.

3. 指代环境或情况。

It's too quiet in the room. Everyone just keeps silent.

4. 指代时间、季节、天气或距离。

It is spring now and it's warm these days.

【疑难点击】

it指代时间时，有如下句型：

(1) It is timefor sth.

(for sb.)to do sth.

that－从句( should do/ did，必须用虚

拟语气)

It's time for lunch.

It's time for us to clean the house.

It's time that we should clean the house.

＝It's time that we cleaned the house.

(2) It is /has been ＋some time ＋since－从句(从句用一般过去时)(注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定。)

It is three years since I became a doctor.

我当医生已经3年了。(自从我成为医生以来，时间已经过去3年了。)

It is three years since he was a doctor.

他不当医生已经3年了。

It is two years since my father smoked.

我父亲不吸烟已有两年了。

It is two years since my father began to smoke.

我父亲吸烟已有两年了。

(3) It/This is the first /second…time that－从句(必须使用现在完成时) 这是某人第……次做了某事。

It/That was the first/ second…time that－从句(必须使用过去完成时)

It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall.

This was the first time that I had come late to school.

(4) It was ＋时间点＋when－从句

It was evening when we got home.

＝It was evening in which we got home.

(5) It was / will be ＋some time ＋before－从句

It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University.

过了5年他们终于从北大毕业。

It won't be long before we graduate from our school.

不久，我们就要从我们学校毕业了。

二、it 作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或名词性从句所表示的真正主语或宾语。

It is possible for me to make a tour around the world.

It is no good learning English without speaking it.

Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere.

I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.

I really find it a pity that you didn't come to the party.

三、强调句型

1. 强调句结构：It is / was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋句子的其余部分。

说明：(1)it是引导词，强调的内容可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语。如果被强调的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情况一律用that。

It was Edison who invented the lamp.

(2)验证强调句的方法：去掉It is/was…that 结构后，可以把被强调的部分与句子其余部分还原为一个完整的句子。

2．注意时态的一致性。原句中用的是过去的某种时态，用it was…that…；原句中用的是现在或将来的某种时态，用it is…that…

3. 当被强调的部分是主语时，注意保持主谓一致。

It is I that am your English teacher.

4. not …until…结构用于强调句中，not 要提前到until之前，放在be动词后。即：It wasn't until…that ＋句子的其余部分。

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. (对画线部分进行强调)

→ It wasn't until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (强调句)

5．强调句中的被强调部分含有一个定语从句，要注意区别、分析。

It is/was ＋被强调部分＋定语从句＋that(who)＋句子的其余部分

It is in the city where he was born that he works.