04初中英语思维导图—第二章词法基础知识—第三节代词-01

合集下载

思维导图代词(附讲解)

知识卡片：代词知识点综述代词是高中阶段重要的语法知识，也是高考必考的知识。

作为静词法，代词的知识结构盘杂，内容繁多，难以总结出一套一以贯之的解题思路。

本知识卡片，旨在总结出代词最重要的考点，以供学习和复习之用。

静词法共同的复习特点，是要抓住高考重点考察的几组易混知识。

高考的考察是有重点和有次第的，因此在学习过程中，一定要注意对这几组重要知识点的累积、整理和辨析。

代词详解代词，全称为代名词。

也就是代替名词的词。

其本质上仍然归属于名词此类，并随着语言的用途和发展，具备了形容词的功能。

英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

其中，关系代词的考察，将在从句类考点中出现，故不列入本节讨论的内容。

核心考点01：it, that, one代词it, that, one都可以指代前文出现过的事物。

其中，one表示泛指，相当于“a + 名词单数”。

that和it 表示特指。

that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个；而it 与所指名词为同一个。

例如：I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.（泛指任意一个）我找不到我的帽子了。

我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.（同类但不是同一个）你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.（同一个东西）我找不到我的帽子。

我不知道我把它放在哪了。

在此还需特别注意it的一个特殊功能。

It在句子中，除了有特指“同类同一事物”的功能，还有一个其他所有代词所不具有的功能——指代某一个语法成分（通常是主语和宾语）。

譬如在以下句子中，it成为形式主语和形式宾语，而真正的主语和宾语后置。

【初中英语语法】50张思维导图，学会英语语法！

【初中英语语法】50张思维导图，学会英语语法！温馨提示▼1. 点击文末左下方“阅读原文”，获取其他文章微课堂▼知识汇总英语语法的丛林，横斜逸出，纵横交错，光用文字来描述，是太无力低效的，如何理清这一段段关系，勾画出其中的复杂关系，直观地看清这一切，答曰：思维导图也。

以下思维导图多为树状，我们也称之为“英语语法知识树”，曾经我受益匪浅，今天分享给大家，希望你也如此！50个语法树请收好。

1.中学英语语法知识体系2.英语能力树3. 英语学习习惯4. 单词记忆通用工具5. 英语整体建构课堂教学模式6. “和谐教育整体建构教学法”7. 中学英语16种时态8. 名词I9. 名词II10. 冠词11. 数词12. 代词的分类13. 人称代词14. 物主代词15. 反身代词16.指示代词17. 疑问代词18. 关系代词19.不定代词20. 形容词21. 副词22.形容词和副词的比较等级23. 有关比较级的区别24. 动词25. 常见助动词用法26. 助动词27. 非谓语动词28. 动词ing形式29. 不定式的时态和语态30. 省to 的动词不定式31. 不定式作宾语32. 不定式作补语33. 不定式作主语34. 不定式句法功能35. doing与to do的区别136. doing与to do的区别237.分词38.独立主格结构39.一般现在时40.一般将来时41.现在完成时42.一般过去时43.现在进行时44.时态与时间状语45. 被动语态46. 各种形式的被动语态47.句子的种类48.反意疑问句49.反意疑问句记忆规则150.反意疑问句记忆规则2 -End-。

初中英语语法思维导图

初中英语语法
----三年语法知识45张思维导图全概括
1.英语语法体系
2.方法篇
3.16种时态
4.英语名词
5.冠词
6.数词
7.代词
7.1人称代词
7.2物主代词
7.3反身代词7.4指来自代词7.5疑问代词7.6关系代词
7.7不定代词
8.形容词
9.副词
10.形容词与副词的比较级
11.动词
11.1助动词
11.2非谓语动词
11.2.1分词
11.2.2动词ing
11.2.3不定式的时态和语态
11.2.4 doing与do的区别
12.句子种类
12.1独立主格
12.2时态
12.2.1一般现在时
12.2.2一般将来时
12.2.3现在完成时
12.2.4一般过去时
12.2.5现在进行时
12.3时态和时间状语
12.4被动语态
（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。可复制、编制，期待你的好评与关注！）

第二章代词(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第二章代词思维导图一、代词的定义代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的,它的主要作用是在句子中避免名词的重复.因此,代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词在人称、数、性、格上一致.二、代词的分类在初中英语中常见的代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词和不定代词等.(一)人称代词1.人称代词的分类人称代词是指人的代词,表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”或“他们”等.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化.2.人称代词的句法功能(1)主格人称代词在句中作主语.She is as intelligent as he(is).她像他一样聪明.(2)宾格人称代词在句中作动词宾语或介词宾语.We often go to see her on Saturdays.我们常在星期六去看她.It is a waste of time your talking to him.跟他谈话是白白浪费时间.(3)人称代词作表语时一般用宾格,但在比较正式的场合用主格.-Who is it?谁呀?-It's me.是我.(非正式)-It is I.是我.(正式)(4)人称代词用于as和than之后,如果as和than用作介词,往往用宾格;如果as和than用作连词,则往往用主格.She reads faster than he.她读得比他快些.I am a good student as him.我和他一样是个好学生.(5)we, you, they有时可用来泛指一般人.We/You should keep calm even when we/you are in danger.即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静.They say there is going to be trouble.人们说要有麻烦了.点拨(6)it的用法.①用来指代上文提到过的事物.-What do you think of the movie?你觉得这部电影怎么样?-Great! I like it very much.棒极了！我非常喜欢它.②用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、温度等.It's eight o'clock now.(指时间)现在是8点钟.③用来指代婴儿或不明确的人.The baby is crying. It might be hungry.宝宝在哭,它可能饿了.④作形式主语或形式宾语Did you find it very interesting to play football?你有没有发现踢足球很有趣?3.人称代词的排列顺序几个人称代词同时作主语时,排列次序一般为:you and I; you and he(she); you, she(he) and I; we and you; we and they; we, you and they.You, he and I should help each other.我、你、他应该互相帮助.She and I are of the same age.我和她同岁.但在承认错误时,I放在其他人前面表示勇于承认错误.I and my brother made the mistake.我和兄弟犯了这个错误.(二)物主代词1.物主代词的分类表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词,物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种.2.形容词性物主代词的用法(1)形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征,在句中用作定语,后面接名词.Our school is not far from here.我们学校离这儿不远.(2)英语中表示身体所有的或随身携带的物主代词一般不可省略,而汉语中有时可以省略.He put on his hat and left.他戴上帽子就走了.(3)形容词性物主代词与own连用时表示强调.I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看见的.(4)下面结构中,必须要用定冠词the代替形容词性物主代词(不可用物主代词).touch sb. on the head 摸某人的头hit sb. on the head 打某人的头hit sb. on the nose打某人的鼻子strike/hit sb. in the face/chest 打某人的脸／胸部take/catch/pull/sb. by the head/arm抓住某人的头／手3.名词性物主代词的用法名词性物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语.它还可以构成“a/an/this/that/some/no+名词＋of+名词性物主代词”句型,在这个句型中,名词性物主代词在句中作定语.(1)作主语.Ours is the best team in the league.我们的队在联赛中是最强的队.Our room is on the first floor and yours(theirs) is on the second.我们的房间在一楼,你们的(他们的)在二楼.(2)作表语.The books over there are not mine. They are hers.那边的书不是我的,是她的.Whose jacket is this? It's hers.这是谁的上衣?这是她的.(3)作宾语.You may have my pen, I'll have his.你可以用我的钢笔,我用他的.I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours.我的字典丢了,请把你的借给我.(4)名词性物主代词与of连用可做定语.That son of hers is very naughty.她的那个儿子很淘气.This painting of his is well painted.他的这幅画画得很好.(三)指示代词英语中用来表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词称为指示代词.常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same等.1.this,that,these,those的用法;在句中可作主语、宾语、定语或表语(1)作主语.This is my doll. That is Mary's.这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的.Those are his books.那些是他的书.(2)作宾语.Do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?We should always keep this in mind.我们应当永远记住这一点.(3)作定语.I want this radio.我要这台收音机.We are busy these days,这些日子我们很忙.This magazine is about Chinese poetry.这本杂志是关于中国诗歌的.(4)作表语.Oh, it's not that.噢,不是那样的.What I want is this(that).我要的是这个(那个).2.this(these)和that(those)的用法区别(1)this(的复数形式是these),是指时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物. that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物.This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black.这位是史密斯先生,那位是布莱克先生.These are jeeps. Those are trucks.这些是吉普车,那些是卡车.(2)that/those有时用来代替前面说过的名词,以避免重复.The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that(=the weather) in Beijing.上海的天气没有北京那么冷.City people stand closer than those who live in the country.城里人比那些住在乡村的人彼此站得更靠近.(3)that/those指前面讲过的事物,this/these指下面要讲的事物.I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我得了重感冒,所以没来.This is the latest news from the United States.下面是来自美国的最新消息.3.such的用法指示代词such表示“如此的,如此的事物”,具有名词和形容词的性质,在句子中可用作主语、定语、表语、宾语等.(1)作主语.Such is life.生活就是这样.Such is our study plan.这就是我们的学习计划.Such were his words.这就是他讲的话.(2)作定语.I don't like such a book.我不喜欢这样的书.Such water is quite clean.这样的水很干净.点拨such作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词,这个不定冠词应放在such之后.如:such a play, such a book(3)作表语.The birds were such as I never saw before.这样的鸟,我从未见过.The problems are such that we can't solve by ourselves.这样的问题,我们自己是解决不了的.(4)作宾语Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧.If you act like a child, you will be treated as such.你要是这样孩子气,人家就把你当孩子看待了.4.same的用法same(同样的)也是指示代词,使用时same之前必须用定冠词the.它也具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等.(1)作主语.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况.The same happened to me.我也发生了同样的情况.(2)作宾语.She went to swim and I did the same.她去游泳,我也去了.Whatever I did, he tried to do the same.无论我做什么,他也想跟着做什么.(3)作表语.His name and mine are the same.他和我同名.Our ideas are exactly the same.我们的想法完全一个样.(4)作定语.The students are doing the same thing.学生们在做同样的事情.(5)作状语.Thank you all the same.我还是要谢谢你.(四)反身代词1.反身代词的分类反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身或是强调代词或名词的一组代词.反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成.列表如下:2.反身代词的用法(1)作表语.She will be herself again in no time.她很快就会好的.That poor boy was myself.那可怜的孩子就是我.(2)作宾语.Did they enjoy themselves last Sunday?他们上个星期天玩得高兴吗?Make yourself at home.别客气,就像在家一样.(3)作主语或宾语的同位语.在作同位语时,反身代词多可译为“本人”(或“本身”).但有时为了加强语气,常译为“自己”或“亲自”.起强调作用时,反身代词可以放在被强调词之后,也可以放在句末.Nobody taught him drawing. He learned it himself. 没有人教他绘画,他是自学的.You'd better ask the teacher yourself (himself).你最好亲自问老师.(你最好问老师本人.)Our guide buys some food from the villagers and we cook it ourselves.我们的向导从村民那里买来一些食物,我们自己烹调.3.反身代词的用法(1)反身代词用来加强语气.反身代词用于强调时,经常做主语或者宾语的同位语,一般放在所强调的名词或代词后面,如果不影响理解,做同位语的反身代词的位置也可以灵活处理.Peter himself closed the window.(=Peter closed the window himself.)彼得亲自关上了窗户.(2)反身代词用于固定搭配中.in oneself本身,本质上of oneself 独自to oneself供自己用between ourselves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人)for oneself替自己,为自己amuse oneself自娱excuse oneself自我辩解call oneself自称help oneself to 随便吃enjoy oneself过得很快活teach oneself自学speak to oneself自言自语devote oneself to 献身于lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路make oneself understood 让别人懂自己的意思seat oneself=sit down=be seated坐下(五)相互代词1.用来表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词英语中相互代词只有each other和one another两个,意为“相互,互相”.each other主要用于两者之间,one another主要用于三者或三者以上之间.但在现代英语中常可通用.宾格所有格each other 相互each other's相互的one another 相互one another's相互的2.相互代词的用法(1)作动词的宾语.The two girls help each other in their lessons.这两个女孩在功课上互相帮助.They saw each other every day.他们每天相见.(2)作介词的宾语.They looked at each other.他们互相看着.You two should learn from each other.你们两人应互相学习.(3)相互代词的所有格形式只能作定语.They looked into each other's (one another's) eyes for a long time.他们彼此对视了很长时间.They know each other's parents.他们都认识对方的父母.(六)疑问代词1.疑问代词是指用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见的有who, whom, whose, what, which. who常用作主语和表语,whom作宾语,whose, what, which可用作主语、表语、宾语或定语.疑问代词还可用来引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,所以它们又可称为连接代词.疑问代词有格的变化,还有指人和指物的区别.2.疑问代词的用法(1)who ,whom的用法.who只能指人,常作主语和表语,只有名词性质.在非正式英文和口语中,who可以代替whom,但介词后面要用whom; whom也指人,常用作宾语,也只有名词性质.Who would you like to go with?你想和谁一起去?Who are you looking for?你在找谁?By whom was the house built?这房子是谁建的?Who(Whom)are you waiting for?你在等谁?Who (Whom) did you go to the movie with?你同谁一起去看电影的?(2)whose的用法.whose和物主代词一样,具有名词和形容词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.Whose is better?谁的好一些?Whose is this?这是谁的?Whose are you going to borrow?你准备借谁的?Whose room is this?这是谁的房间?(3)what的用法.what表示“什么(人或物)”,可用作单数和复数,具有名词和形容词性质,作主语、宾语、表语和定语等.What is happening now?发生什么事了?What do you usually do on Sundays?你星期天通常做什么?What would you like to buy?你想买点什么东西?What's your father?你父亲是干什么的?What time do you usually get up?你通常几点钟起床?点拨what可用来指人的职业;what可用于感叹句;what与like连用表示“······怎么样”如:What is your sister? She is a doctor.你姐姐是干什么的?她是一名医生.What does your father do? He is an engineer.你父亲是做什么工作的?他是一名工程师.What a fine day today!今天天气真好啊！What a pretty girl she is!她真是个美丽的女孩！What is the weather like today?今天天气如何?(4)which的用法.which表示“在一定范围内的哪一个(哪一些)人或物”,可用作单数和复数,具有名词和形容词的性质,用作主语、定语、宾语等.Which is yours?哪一个是你的?(主语)Which sport do you like best?你最喜欢哪一项运动?(定语)Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你喜欢哪种,茶还是咖啡?(宾语)点拨(1)who, what, which作表语(指人)时的区别:who问人的身份,多指姓名、关系.what问人的职业.which问在一定范围内的人群中特指的人.(2)what和which作定语时的区别:what指“什么”“哪种”,不限制范围.which指在相当数目中的人或物中进行选择,限制在一定范围内.(3)疑问代词作主语时,后面的谓语动词可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式,主要看代表的人或物是单数还是复数.(七)不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词叫做不定代词.不定代词有:some一些(可数或不可数) somebody某人someone某人something某物,某事any一些,任何anybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事物no无nobody无人no one无一人nothing无物all全体,全部both两个neither两者都不none没有人或物either(两者中)任何一个each每个every每个everybody每人,大家,人人everyone每人everything每一个事物,一切other(s)另一个(些) another另外一个,又一个much很多(不可数) many很多(可数) few很少(可数)a few一些,几个(可数) little很少(不可数) a little一些(不可数)one一个(人或物)不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some, any, no, every 和-thing,-body,-one构成的复合不定代词(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语.1.some的用法(1)some通常指不定数量“一些”,修饰或代替可数名词复数或不可数名词,既可指人,又可指物.常用在肯定句中.There are some animals on the island.这个岛上有一些动物.Give me some water, please.请给我一些水.(2)some也可用在“请求、建议、反问”等含义的疑问句中,以期得到肯定的回答.Didn't he give you some books?难道他没有给你一些书?(3)some有时可修饰可数名词单数,表示“某个”.This morning, some boy asked for you.今天上午,有个男孩要求见你.(4)some也可修饰数词,表示“大约”.It took me some twenty days to get there.我大约花了20天时间才到达那里.2.any的用法(1)不定代词any和some一样表示不定数量“一些”,修饰和代替可数名词复数和不可数名词,既可指人又可指物.但一般用在否定句、疑问句、条件从句中.Do you have any questions? If you have any, don't hesitate to ask me.你有什么问题吗?如果你有问题的话,尽管问我好了.There isn't any tea left. I'll go and make some for you.没有茶了,我去给你泡一些.(2)用于肯定句中,表示“任何一个”,修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词.You can buy this book at any bookstore in our city.你可以在我们市里任何一家书店买到这本书.Any child can answer that question.任何一个小孩都能回答那个问题.3.no的用法(1)不定代词no只有形容词性质,一般作定语来构成否定句,表示“不是”“没有”.She knows no English.(=She doesn't know English at all.)她根本不懂英语.He has no brothers.(=He doesn't have any brothers.)他没有兄弟.(no等于not any)(2)用于警告、命令等.No Parking!禁止停车！(3)修饰表语时,有特殊的意思.试比较:I am no teacher.我不善于教书.I am not a teacher.我不是教师.4.none的用法none只具有名词性质,可以代替人和事物,表示“三者(以上)都不”“没有一个人(一件事物)······”.作主语时,如果谈到的是所有人的情况,动词多用复数形式;如果谈每个人的状况,则多用单数形式.None of us are/is afraid of difficulties.我们谁也不怕困难.None of them has a bike.他们谁也没有自行车.None of the machines is/are working.这些机器都不能工作.We none of us can sing this song.我们中没人能唱这支歌.点拨5.both的用法both表示“两者都”,具有名词和形容词的性质,可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语.作主语时谓语动词用复数.Both would like to have a try.两人都想试一试.(作主语)We asked both to put forward their suggestions.我们要两人都提出建议.(作宾语)Give us some bread. We both want to try a bit.给我们一些面包.我们俩都想尝尝.(同位语)Both men were interested in the job.两个人都对这项工作感兴趣.(作定语)点拨(1)both后常跟短语,其后用复数名词或代词,后接复数名词时of常省略,后接复数代词时of则不省略. Both(of)the films were very good.两部电影都很好.点拨(2)相当于名词时,在句中还用作同位语,与复数名词或复数代词同位.在句中的位置取决于谓语动词的形式.作主语同位语时,如谓语为完全动词(包括用作完全动词的have),both位于主语之后、谓语动词之前.We both had a haircut.我俩都理了发.(3)如谓语部分为系表结构,both则位于连系动词之后和表语之前.The children were both too young.这两个孩子都太小了.(4)如谓语是含有助动词或情态动词的动词短语,both则位于助动词或情态动词之后.My parents have both been invited.我父母都受到了邀请.You must both come over some evening.你俩一定要找个晚上过来坐车.(5)作宾语同位语时,位于宾语之后.They told us both to wait.他们告诉我俩都等一等.I've met them both before.我以前见过他俩.6.all的用法(1)当all作主语时,代表三个以上的人,谓语动词用复数形式;指事物或情况时,往往表示“一切”“所有的”的意思,常被看作单数,谓语动词用单数形式.当all作定语时,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词.all具有名词和形容词性质,常表示“全体”“所有的”“一切”的意思;在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语或状语.All are here.大家都到了.(主语,all指人)All is known.一切都明白了.(主语,all指事物,不可数)She has told me all about it.她把一切都告诉我了.(作宾语)Is that all you can help me?这就是你能帮助我做的事吗?(表语)All the apples in that box are rotten.那箱子里所有的苹果都烂了.(定语)They have all gone to America.他们全都到美国去了.(同位语)He is all excited.他非常激动.(作状语,加强语气)(2)当all用作主语时,如果后面跟有人称代词,须在它们之间加上of;如果后面跟的是名词,它们之间可加of,也可不加.All of them are from Beijing.他们全都是北京人.(them为人称代词,of不能省略)All(of)the books are here.所有的书都在这儿.(books为名词,of可省略)(3)当all作同位语时,它在句中的位置随谓语动词而定.当谓语动词是实义动词时,all放在动词前面;谓语动词是be时,all放在be后面;谓语动词是由情态动词或助动词加实义动词组成时,all放在它们之间.They all know the answer.他们都知道这答案.They are all students.他们都是学生.You can all go home.你们都可以回家了.(4)当all用作人称代词宾语的同位语时,all放在宾语后面.如:you all, them all, us all.I'll have to think them all again.我得将它们重新考虑一次.7.each的用法each具有名词和形容词性质,指每个人或事物的个别情况,相当于汉语的“各个”.在句中可用作主语、定语、宾语和同位语.Each of the boys has a bike.每个男孩都有一辆自行车.(作主语,强调个体,每一个).There are flowers on each side of the river.河两岸都是花.(作定语)Two men came and I gave a book to each.两个人来了,我给他们每人一本书.(作宾语) The teacher gave the pupils four textbooks each.教师给每个学生四本教科书.(作同位语) We each have a new schoolbag now.现在我们每人都有一个新书包.(作同位语)好题精练一、用所给的汉语提示填空1.We want__________ (他们)to help us.2.This is__________ (我的)book. That is__________ (你的).3.This doesn't look like__________ (我的)dictionary, it must be__________ (你的).4. __________ (他)often helps__________ (我们)with__________ (我们的)lessons.5.Is this book__________ (你的)?No, it's not__________ (我的).It's__________ (她的).6.I'll work out the problem__________ (我自己)．7.Who are__________ (他们)? __________ (他们)are__________ (我们的)new classmates.8. __________ (她)is very honest. __________ (我们)may depend on__________ (她)9.These books are very important to__________ (我)．10. __________ (我父亲)goes to work by bus every day.答案：1.them2.my,yours3.my,yours4.He,us,our5.yours,mine,hers6.myself7.they,They,our8.She,We,her9.me 10.My father二、选择括号中适当的词填空1. __________ of them knows Japanese.(Neither, Both)2.We study Chinese, English, maths and__________ subjects.(the others, other)3.Don't hurry. There is__________ time left.(little, a little)4.“Is there__________ wrong with your bike?"“Yes, there is__________ wrong with it."(something, anything)5.I don't like this one. Please give me__________.(another, other)6.(He, His, Her)name is Jack. __________ (She, He, His) is a cook.7.He's invited to__________ parties.(a lot of, lots)8.This box is heavier than that__________.(one, ones)9.We must get__________ ready before setting off.(everything, anything)10. __________ of us is afraid of difficulties.(None, All)11.Do you mind if I ask you__________ questions?(few, a few)12.There are many trees on__________ sides of the street in Beijing.(all, both)13.Would you like__________ tea or coffee?(some, any)14.Did they spend__________ money on their trip to Hangzhou?(many, much)15.There's__________ wrong with you, but I'm afraid you're eating too(anything, nothing; many, much)16.Please show__________ (me, I, mine) the way.17.Which of__________ shirts are Tom's?(these, this, that)18.Did__________ ask for me when I was out?(somebody, anybody)19.She's very popular. __________ likes her.(Someone, Everyone)20.“It's going to snow,” the old woman said to__________.(her, herself, hers)答案：1.Neither2.other3.a little4.anything, something5.another6.His,He7.a lot of8.one9.everything 10.None11.a few 12.both 13.some 14.much 15.nothing,much16.me 17.these 18.anybody 19.Everyone 20.herself三、选择填空1. __________ is no use telling him about it.A. TheseB. ThoseC. ItD. They2.We have__________ work to do.A. manyB. a fewC. a lot of D .any3.-How about these two films?-__________ of them are very interesting.A. NeitherB. EitherC. AllD. Both4.The sentence__________ is wrong.A. himselfB. herselfC. itselfD. it5.Is there__________ in today's newspaper?A. anything interestingB. interesting anythingC. something interestingD. interesting something6. __________ like music.A. Both of chem.B. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both them7.-What would you like to have, tea or milk?-__________.I'd like to have a glass of water.A. EachB. NeitherC. EitherD. Both8.Mary has made__________ Chinese friends since she came to Beijing.A. a fewB. a littleC. a lotD. lots9. __________ do you like best, bread, rice or noodles?A. WhatB. WhichC. WhoD. Whom10." __________ came to see you yesterday afternoon.”“Who was__________?”A. Somebody; heB. Somebody; sheC. Somebody; itD. Anybody; the one11.I asked her for__________ ink, but she did not have__________.A. any; someB. any; anyC. some; anyD. some; some12. __________ of us went to the Summer Palace except Lin Tao.A. SomeB. EitherC. AllD. Every13.of us has read the story.A. SomeB. BothC. AllD. None14.Our teacher asked us to be strict with__________ in English study.A. oursB. ourC. ourselvesD. oneselves15.Everyone should do__________ best.A. itsB. onesC. theirD. his16. __________ work is heavy, but__________ is heavier than__________A. Our; their; ourB. Our; theirs; oursC. Ours; theirs; ourD. Our; their; ours17.Except Mrs. Lee and__________, no one was old in the waiting room.A. hisB. herC.ID. she18. __________ is a close friend of__________ aunt's.A. She; mineB. Her; mineC. She; myD. Hers; my19.None of us saw how it happened, so we had to ask the boy__________ about his good deeds. But he just gave usa smile.A. himB. himselfC. his ownD. his20.He is a good student. But__________ on hand, he is in poor health.A. otherB. the otherC. other'sD. others 答案：1-5CCDCA 6-10ABABC 11-15CCDCD 16-20BBCBB。

七年级上册英语第二单元思维导

七年级上册英语第二单元思维导图
哎，说起七年级上册那个英语第二单元，咱们得整个思维导图来捋一捋，不然那些个单词、句子跟语法，整得人头都大了。

首先嘛，咱们就从“家庭成员”这块儿开整。

爸是father，妈是mother，哥弟姐妹分别是brother和sister，简单得很。

但莫要忘了，grandpa和grandma也很重要，得记牢嘞。

接着往里头走，讲到“我的物品”这块儿。

书包backpack，铅笔pencil，橡皮eraser，还有尺子ruler，这些都是学习的好帮手，天天见，天天用，想不记都难。

再往后头说，“房间布局”也得搞清楚。

床bed，桌子desk，椅子chair，还有书柜bookcase，晓得这些，描述家里头就方便了。

然后嘞，就是“日常活动”。

起床get up，吃饭eat breakfast/lunch/dinner，睡觉go to bed，这些短语日常得很，多说多说，自然就顺口了。

最后，别忘了“颜色和数字”。

红red，绿green，黄yellow，颜色要认准；一到十的数，one到ten，简单又基础，但是构建句子的砖石哦。

哎，说了这么多，其实思维导图就是帮你把这些知识点串起来，像蜘蛛网一样，扯一根线，其他都跟着出来了。

学英语嘛，就是要多记多说，别怕出错，慢慢就上手了。

英语语法思维导图总结 -词法之十大词类

词法：1. 十大词类：①实词：有词形变化；能够独立担当句子成分.v.动词；n.名词；adj.形容词；adv.副词；num.数词；pron.代词②虚词：没有词形变化；不能独立担当句子成分.prep.介词；art.冠词；conj.连词；（int.感叹词）动词：主谓关系：eg. Tom tells stories谓宾关系：eg. He gave Tom a book.词类：形容词：修饰限定关系eg. This is a good book.名词与介词：构成介词短语eg. In the book代词：代替关系冠词：用在名词前说明名词含义eg. A book名词：修饰限定eg. a evening paper 晚报2. 词与词的关系：名词：主谓；动宾关系eg. Tom tells storiesHe gave Tom a book.副词：修饰动词eg. He works very hard.动词与介词：构成动词词组eg. look after数词：主谓；动宾关系eg. Five from nine leaves four.代词：主谓；动宾关系eg. He gave her a gift 词功能：句子成分：①主语：n. ；num. ；pron.；②谓语：v. ；③宾语：n. ；num.；pron.④定语：adj. ；prep. 短语；n.；⑤状语：adv.；prep. 短语；num.⑥补语：n.；adj.；⑦表语：n.；adj. prep. 短语；个别adv. ⑧同位语：n. num.. 数：①直接加s eg. book→books；②把y变i加es ；hobby→hobbies③直接加es eg.box→boxes；④把f或fe变v加es life→lives名词：格：①直接加’s eg. a girl’s school②以s结尾加’ eg. three years’ ti me③ of 短语表达eg. the city of Beijing词法：人称代词：①主格：I；②宾格：me物主代词：①adj.性：my ；② n.性：mine反身代词：myself；ourselves；yourself；himself；herself；themselves指示代词：①时间或距离近的：/远的：this → these；/ that → those 词形变化：代词：不定代词：any ；some；each；both；many；much；few；little；other；anything ；someone；nothing；nobody；everything；none疑问代词：what；which；who；whom；whose关系代词：that；which；who；whom；whose数词：①基数词：one，two… ；②序数词：first，second..形容词和副词：①比较级加er ；②最高级加est谓语动词：①时态；②语态；③语气；动词非谓语动词：①动词不定式to do ；②过去分词：done ；③现在分词doing ；④动名词：doing①派生法：在一个单词或字根的前面或后面加上一个词缀，变成一个新词。

初中英语语法思维导图总结 - 词法之词的功能和词形变化

词法：词的功能：句子成分八大句子成分：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语，同位语1、主语：通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式to do、动名词doing或从句担任。

Eg. She went out in a hurry.她匆匆忙忙地出去了。

(代词)Workers build factories and houses.工人建造工厂和房屋(名词)Three plus five is eight. 3加5得8.（数词）To see is to believe.眼见为实。

(不定式)Smoking is bad for health.吸烟有害健康。

(动名词)When we shall leave hasn’t been decided。

(从句)The young should respect the old.年轻人应该尊重老年人。

（名词化形容词）2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，由简单谓语和复合谓语之分。

①简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成Eg. The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。

He looked after two orphans.他照顾两个孤儿。

②复合谓语：由“情态动词或助动词+动词”构成；“连系动词+表语”构成复合谓语Eg.He can speak English very well.他英语说得很好。

The work must be done before three o’clock.这项工作在三点前必须做完。

This film is interesting.这部电影很有意思。

He seems unhappy.他似乎不高兴。

3、宾语：表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语；通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任。

宾语包括动词宾语(直接、间接)和介词宾语。

Eg. They offered me the job. 他们把那份工作给了我。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。