Unit-2-Space-Invaders综合教程四(基础教学)

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Unit2SpaceInvadersWordsandexpressions综合教程四

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UNIT 2 SPACE INVADERSWords and expressionssnake: v。

move in a twisting waye。

g. The train was snaking its way through the mountains.Synonym： meanderinch: v. move very slow and carefullye。

g.Howard inched forward in the crowd。

He inched his way through the narrow passage.in mild annoyance： with a little anger or impatiencemild: a. not very great in degreee。

g. We looked at each other in mild astonishment。

Synonym: slightsidle：v. walk in a timid manner, esp。

sideways or obliquelye。

g。

A man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match.scribble:v. write or draw （sth.) carelessly or hurriedlySynonym： scrawle.g。

综合教程4 Unit 2 Space Invaders 课后练习答案最新

Unit 2 Space InvadersI.Vocabulary:I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1.drooping; loosened; slackened2.tone; sound3.already over-stimulated/ restless local people/ residents4.unfriendliness; cold-shouldering5.membership of a group or organizationII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase from the box in its appropriate form.1.sidled up2.carve out3.attribute4.stake a claim5.tread on6.plowed into7.is proportional to8.breathing down their necksIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1.annoying2.intuition3.relented4.proliferatesmentably6.expansive7.routine8.shrinkageIV. Choose the word that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1.D2. A3. B4. D5.C6.B7.A8.BV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1.Antonym: significantly, considerably, incautiously2.Synonym: shrinking, receding, lessening3. Antonym: private, personal, individual4. Synonym: give; present, confer5. Antonym: tightened, tense, rigid6. Synonym: recently, currently7. Synonym: old-fashioned, odd, antiquated8. Synonym: uncomfortable, nervous, upsetVI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1.promotion2.endure3.willingly4.canceled5.the most important thing6.moderately warmGrammarI.Fill in the blank in each sentence:1. C2. B3. B4. A5. D6. B7. D8. BII. Correct mistakes:1.Can he be given the job permanently?2.It can’t be t rue. There must be some mistake.3.Correct4.Gold cannot be dissolved in hydrochloric acid.5.Correct6.Mary could have gone off with some friends.7.It’s not fair. Joe can stay up till ten and I have to go to bed at nine.8.Although Sue had a bad accident last year, she was able to take part in the hurdleraces.9.I don’t agree with you, but there may be some sense in what you say.10.Despite yesterday’s snowfalls; we were able to drive home in less than an hour. III. Rewrite the following sentences:1.He is in poor health. He could/ may/ might/ can fall ill at any time.2.John looks pale today. He may be ill.3.Even experts can make mistakes.4.John could swim when he was five.5.Visitors could take photos of the castle.6.Could/ Can/ Might/ May I borrow your phone?7.Nobody knows where he is. He could/ may/ might be in the library or in the lab.8.John may have read the book on WWII.9.I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find my dictionary.10.Ken’s car had been stolen, so he couldn’t have given her a ride.plete the sentences:1.so2.not/ so3.does4.so5.one6.so7.do8.didbine every two sentences into one:1.It is such a surprise that I can’t get over it.2.It was such horrible weather that we spent the whole day indoors.3.Poor Susan had such a bad headache that she couldn’t get to sleep.4.Jack was so ou t of breath that he couldn’t speak at first.5.The music was so loud that you could hear it from miles away.6.The shirts became so stiff that he couldn’t put them on.7.She made such a good meal that we all ate far too much.8.There was so much to do that nobody ever got bored.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.在我看来，礼貌就是给别人空间，不冒犯别人，允许别人有隐私。

Unit2SpaceInvaders综合教程四

Unit 2 Space Invaders
Audiovisual supplement Cultural information
Watch the video and answer the following questions.
1. How is the “getting through the door” movement understood by many people? Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well.
Middle East negotiations, and suddenly, the desire of
Audiovisual supplement Cultural information
both Arafat and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense. Expert C: This is a classic example in its extreme way of how the last man through the door is the winner. So Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat literally grasps his arm, moves on, and starts waggling his finger at Barak, who, then, Barak, uses this opportunity as a wrestling match to move around, to actually be behind Arafat, and then literally grasps Arafat, holds him by the arm, and shoves him through the door. Expert B: So you’ve got fear and power struggle, showing in big big big big bold body language with it.

Unit 2 Space Invaders Teaching plan综合教程四

UNIT 2 SPACE INVADERSLearning Objectives1)First listen to and then talk about personal space.2)Learn text I Space Invader.3)Wrote a letter to describe a crowdy situation.4)Listen to A typical English conversation.5)Read supplementary material Space and Distance.Warm-up Questions1)How do you feel if you are one of the passengers?2)Is personal space important to you? Why or why not?3)What do you usually do when you are in a crowded bus or subway?4)If people stand too close or too far to you, how do you feel? And what would you do?5)Do we have a weaker sense of personal space than the Westerners? Why or why not?6)What elements affect people’s personal space sense?Cultural backgroundPersonal spacePersonal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of trust or love. On the other hand, intruding other’s personal space can be rather offensi ve.The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example:● people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward and embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them;● people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex;● strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well;● in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other.Text ISPACE INVADERSRichard StengelGlobal ReadingI. Structural analysis of the textIn the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays people are more concerned about themselves and want to have a larger personal space than decades ago, and then he analyses the causes of space invasion.The text can be divided into three parts.Part I (Paragraphs 1 –2):T he writer calls the reader’s attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded.Part II (Paragraphs 3 – 7): The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners.Part III (Paragraph 8 –9):The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, i.e. it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges peo ple to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.II. Rhetorical features of the textA vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are as follows.Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space invaders:- a man … started inching toward me … (Paragraph 1)- In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close ... (Paragraph 3)- In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room ... (Paragraph 7)Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:- I minutely advanced toward the woman… in front of me ... (Paragraph 1)- …who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him ... (Paragraph 1)Detailed ReadingQuestions1. Is “personal space” a term of the seventies? Is it out of date nowadays? Why or why not? (Paragraph 2)Answer: “Personal space” was a term popularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowadays. However, it doesn’t mean that it is out of date. People, whatever periods they are in, need personal space, which is not to be penetrated. The only problem is that the world is becoming so crowded that it is impossible for people to protect theirpersonal space as well as they used to do.2. What does the author mean by saying “personal space is mostly a public matter”? (Paragraph 5)Answer: Personal space, first of all, is the space you expect and are expected to keep between you and other people in public places in order to maintain an appropriate interpersonal relationship. Edward T. Hall in The Hidden Dimension, for example, describes the social values applied by Americans to certain distances between people as fall ing into four main categories: “Intimate distance (0 – 1&1/2 feet), Personal distance (1&1/2 –4 feet), Social/Consultative distance (4 –10 feet), and Public distance (10 or more feet).”3. Do you agree with the writer’s view that the contraction of the outer, personal space is proportional to the expansion of the inner-space of modern man? (Paragraph 8) Answer: Yes, people in the present society tend to be more self-centered, concentrating on their private affairs and ignoring the outer world around them. They say they have no time or energy to care about others in a society of fast tempo. As a matter of fact, they do not want to bother about it.Text IISPACE AND DISTANCE1Larry A. Samovar et al.2Lead-in QuestionsWhat are some of the ways in which space and distance are used to communicate?Could you find any gender differences in the use of space?Main IdeaNotes1. About the text ― This text is taken from Communication between Cultures (ThirdEdition) written by Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter and Lisa A. Stefani and published by Wadsworth in 1998.2. About the author ― Larry A. Samovar is a teacher of San Diego State Universit y.3. proximics (Paragraph 1) ― the study of space and distance between people4. stand one’s ground(Paragraph 2) ― stick to one’s position or opinion5. collective cultures (Paragraph 2) ― cultures that emphasize collectivism6. Condon(Paragraph 2) ― Condon, and also Ruch, Hall and Hall, and Leathers,appearing in later paragraphs, are names of authors listed in the bibliography of the book from which the text is excerpted. Presumably these people have also made contributions to the area of intercultural communication. Most probably one of the Halls in “Hall and Hall”refers to the famous 20th-century American anthropologist Edward T. Hall, whose book The Hidden Dimension (1966)is a study of “social and personal space and man’s perception of it.”7. function (Paragraph 5) ― party; reception8. arranged hierarchically (Paragraph 7) ― arranged according to one’s rank orimportance9. co-cultures(Paragraph 8) ― In cell biology, co-culture means the growth of distinctcell types in a combined culture. Here it refers to the cultures that have derived from the combination of different cultures.10. at a premium(Paragraph 8) ― very difficult to get because it is so little in amountAdditional notes1. Culture influences the manner and meaning in seating arrangements.(Paragraph 4) — Culture influences the way seats are arranged and the meaning such arrangements convey.2. The Chinese often experience alienation and uneasiness … (Paragraph 4) —The Chinese often feel isolated and anxious …3. Prostitutes, for example, are very possessive of their territory. (Paragraph 8)—Prostitutes, for example, have a strong sense of possession about their own particular territory, i.e. they do not want other prostitutes to trespass on their area of “business.”Questions for discussion1. Do you keep the same distance from other people, when interacting with them?2. Where do you usually sit in a meeting room if you can make your choice? Try to explain why you have such a preference.3. Suppose a friend comes to see you when you are watching an interesting TV play in your sitting room. Will you turn off the TV before you start your conversation?Key to Questions for discussion1. No. The distance we keep from other people depends on our interpersonal relationship.We tend to keep longer distances from strangers and shorter from close friends and family members. (In answering this question, you can be more specific through exemplification.)2. Tell your classmates whether you prefer to sit in the front, in the middle, or at the backof the meeting room. There can be different reasons for different people to make thesame choice. For example, if you prefer to sit in the front, you might want to hear the speakers more clearly, or to catch the attention of the chairman or the speakers. But of course there are other reasons, non-physical ones, that determine your choice.3. In most cases we will turn off the TV before the conversation starts. Any delay willmean that the visitor comes at a wrong time and therefore he or she is not welcome, at least at this moment.Memorable QuotesLet there be space in your togetherness.—Kahlil GibranCivilization is the progress toward a society of privacy. The savage’s whole existence is public, ruled by the laws of his tribe. Civilization is the process of setting man free from man.—Ayn RandKahlil Gibran (1883 – 1931) was a Lebanese-American philosophical essayist, novelist, mystical poet, and artist. In the 1960s, Gibran’s works influenced especially American popular culture. His most famous book is The Prophet (1923).Ayn Rand (1905 – 1982) was a Russian-American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter. She was known for her two best-selling novels and for developing a philosophical system she called Objectivism.Questions for discussion:1. Some people say “Distance breeds beauty”. How do you understand this in terms of “personal space”?2. Do you agree that the enhancement of people’s sense of privacy is a representa tion of the progress of civilization? Explain and give examples.Guidance:1. Suggestion: what is “personal space”; “personal space” exists in all cultures and in all relationships; inappropriate violation of “personal space” evokes offence; “Let there be space in your togetherness”.2. Suggestion: a comparison of the barbaric tribal life and the modern civilized life。

Unit 2 Space Invaders Teaching plan综合教程四

UNIT 2 SPACE INVADERSLearning Objectives1)First listen to and then talk about personal space.2)Learn text I Space Invader.3)Wrote a letter to describe a crowdy situation.4)Listen to A typical English conversation.5)Read supplementary material Space and Distance.Warm-up Questions1)How do you feel if you are one of the passengers2)Is personal space important to you Why or why not3)What do you usually do when you are in a crowded bus or subway4)If people stand too close or too far to you, how do you feel And what would youdo5)Do we have a weaker sense of personal space than the Westerners Why or why not6)What elements affect people’s personal space senseCultural backgroundPersonal spacePersonal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of trust or love. On the other hand, intruding other’s personal space can be rather offensive.The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example:● people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward andembarrassed when somebody comes too close to them;● people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex;● strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well;● in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other.Text ISPACE INVADERSRichard StengelGlobal ReadingI. Structural analysis of the textIn the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays people are more concerned about themselves and want to have a larger personal space than decades ago, and then he analyses the causes of space invasion.The text can be divided into three parts.Part I (Paragraphs 1 –2):T he writer calls the reader’s attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded. Part II (Paragraphs 3 –7):The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners.Part III (Paragraph 8 – 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, . it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.II. Rhetorical features of the textA vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are as follows.Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space invaders:- a man … started inching toward me … (Paragraph 1)- In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close ... (Paragraph 3)- In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room ... (Paragraph 7)Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:- I minutely advanced toward the woman… in front of me ... (Paragraph 1)- … who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him ... (Paragraph 1)Detailed ReadingQuestions1. Is “personal space” a term of the seventies Is it out of date nowadays Why or why not (Paragraph 2)Answer: “Personal space” was a term popularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowadays. However, it doesn’t mean that it is out of date. People, whatever periods they are in, need personal space, which is not to be penetrated. The only problem is that the world is becoming so crowded that it is impossible for people to protect their personal space as well as they used to do.2. What does the author mean by saying “personal space is mostly a public matter”(Paragraph 5)Answer: Personal space, first of all, is the space you expect and are expected to keep between you and other people in public places in order to maintain an appropriate interpersonal relationship. Edward T. Hall in The Hidden Dimension, for example, describes the social values applied by Americans to certain distances between people as fall ing into four main categories: “Intimate distance (0 –1&1/2 feet), Personal distance (1&1/2 –4 feet), Social/Consultative distance (4 –10 feet), and Public distance (10 or more feet).”3. Do you agree with the writer’s view that the contraction of the outer, personal space is proportional to the expansion of the inner-space of modern man (Paragraph 8)Answer: Yes, people in the present society tend to be more self-centered, concentrating on their private affairs and ignoring the outer world around them. They say they have no time or energy to care about others in a society of fast tempo. As a matter of fact, they do not want to bother about it.Text IISPACE AND DISTANCE1Larry A. Samovar etLead-in QuestionsWhat are some of the ways in which space and distance are used to communicate Could you find any gender differences in the use of spaceMain IdeaNotes1. About the text ― This text is taken from Communication between Cultures (ThirdEdition) written by Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter and Lisa A. Stefani and published by Wadsworth in 1998.2. About the author ― Larry A. Samovar is a teacher of San Diego State University.3. proximics (Paragraph 1) ― the study of space and di stance between people4. stand one’s ground(Paragraph 2) ― stick to one’s position or opinion5. collective cultures (Paragraph 2) ― cultures that emphasize collectivism6. Condon (Paragraph 2) ― Condon, and also Ruch, Hall and Hall, and Leathers,appearing in later paragraphs, are names of authors listed in the bibliography of the book from which the text is excerpted. Presumably these people have also made contributions to the area of intercultural communication. Most probably one of the Halls in “Hall and Hall” refers to the famous 20th-century American anthropologist Edward T. Hall, whose book The Hidden Dimension(1966)is a study of “social and personal space and man’s perception of it.”7. function (Paragraph 5) ― party; reception8. arranged hierarchically (Paragraph 7) ― arranged according to one’s rank orimportance9. co-cultures(Paragraph 8) ― In cell biology, co-culture means the growth ofdistinct cell types in a combined culture. Here it refers to the cultures that have derived from the combination of different cultures.10. at a premium(Paragraph 8) ― very difficult to get because it is so little inamountAdditional notes1. Culture influences the manner and meaning in seating arrangements. (Paragraph4) —Culture influences the way seats are arranged and the meaning sucharrangements convey.2. The Chinese often experience alienation and uneasiness … (Paragraph 4) — TheChinese often feel isolated and anxious …3. Prostitutes, for example, are very possessive of their territory. (Paragraph8) — Prostitutes, for example, have a strong sense of possession about theirown particular territory, . they do not want other prostitutes to trespass on their area of “business.”Questions for discussion1. Do you keep the same distance from other people, when interacting with them2. Where do you usually sit in a meeting room if you can make your choice Try to explain why you have such a preference.3. Suppose a friend comes to see you when you are watching an interesting TV play in your sitting room. Will you turn off the TV before you start your conversationKey to Questions for discussion1. No. The distance we keep from other people depends on our interpersonalrelationship. We tend to keep longer distances from strangers and shorter from close friends and family members. (In answering this question, you can be more specific through exemplification.)2. Tell your classmates whether you prefer to sit in the front, in the middle, orat the back of the meeting room. There can be different reasons for different people to make the same choice. For example, if you prefer to sit in the front, you might want to hear the speakers more clearly, or to catch the attention of the chairman or the speakers. But of course there are other reasons, non-physical ones, that determine your choice.3. In most cases we will turn off the TV before the conversation starts. Any delaywill mean that the visitor comes at a wrong time and therefore he or she is notwelcome, at least at this moment.Memorable QuotesLet there be space in your togetherness.—Kahlil GibranCivilization is the progress toward a society of privacy. The savage’s whole existence is public, ruled by the laws of his tribe. Civilization is the process of setting man free from man.—Ayn RandKahlil Gibran(1883 –1931) was a Lebanese-American philosophical essayist, novelist, mystical poet, and artist. In the 1960s, Gibran’s works influenced especially American popular culture. His most famous book is The Prophet (1923). Ayn Rand (1905 – 1982) was a Russian-American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter. She was known for her two best-selling novels and for developing a philosophical system she called Objectivism.Questions for discussion:1. Some people say “Distance breeds beauty”. How do you understand this in terms of “personal space”2. Do you agree that the enhancement of people’s sense of privacy is a representation of the progress of civilization Explain and give examples.Guidance:1. Suggestion: what is “personal space”; “personal space” exists in all cultures and in all relationships; inappropriate violation of “personal space” evokes offence; “Let there be space in your togetherness”.2. Suggestion: a comparison of the barbaric tribal life and the modern civilized life。

Unit-2-Space-Invaders综合教程四课件

PPT学习交流
2
Audiovisual supplement Cultural information
From Secret of Body LanAudiovisual supplement Cultural information
Voiceover: But body language is often complex, and easily misunderstood. Here, President Clinton leads the Israeli and Palestinian leaders Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat up before the press during peace negotiations. It’s all smiles for the cameras, but behind the façade of bonhomie, there’s a power struggle going on. Clinton jokingly explains that none of them will take any questions.
Middle East negotiations, and suddenly, the desire of
PPT学习交流
5
Audiovisual supplement Cultural information
both Arafat and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense. Expert C: This is a classic example in its extreme way of how the last man through the door is the winner. So Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat literally grasps his arm, moves on, and starts waggling his finger at Barak, who, then, Barak, uses this opportunity as a wrestling match to move around, to actually be behind Arafat, and then literally grasps Arafat, holds him by the arm, and shoves him through the door. Expert B: So you’ve got fear and power struggle, showing in big big big big bold body language with it.

Unit 2 Space Invaders课文翻译综合教程四

Unit 2 Space Invaders课文翻译综合教程四在这篇文章中，我将为您呈现《综合教程四》中第二单元的课文《Space Invaders》的翻译。

根据您的要求，我将以合适的格式来呈现这篇翻译，以保证文章的整洁美观和易读性。

请您放心，我将力求准确和流畅的表达。

Unit 2 Space Invaders课文翻译综合教程四（正文开始）1950年代初，科幻电影开始走入人们的视野。

恐怖、冷僻而新奇的外星生物成为了当时电影创作者的新宠。

《Space Invaders》（太空入侵者）是一部经典的科幻电影，引起了当时观众的极大兴趣。

电影中，外星生物从太空来到了地球。

它们采取了各种奇怪和恐怖的形态，以各种手段侵蚀地球。

人们为了保卫家园，不得不进行反抗。

电影中展示了人们与外星生物之间激烈的战斗，人们奋勇拼搏的精神感染了观众。

《Space Invaders》不仅仅是一部娱乐作品，它也具有一定的文化象征意义。

这部电影反映了人类与未知世界的关系，暗含了人们对于未知事物的好奇心和探索精神。

通过电影，观众能够感受到人类面对困境时的勇敢和决心。

对于那个时代的观众来说，《Space Invaders》的特效堪称一流。

尽管现在看来可能有些过时，但是在当时，这种特效让观众们兴奋不已。

特效能够让观众更加身临其境，产生强烈的代入感。

《综合教程四》选择翻译这个课文的目的是让学生们了解科幻电影对于人类文化的影响。

科幻电影是一种推动人类思想和科技发展的重要媒介。

通过对这部电影的翻译，学生们可以了解到不同文化背景下的电影产业，并且感受到科幻电影所带来的无限想象力。

总之，《Space Invaders》是一部具有深远影响的科幻电影。

它不仅仅是一部娱乐作品，更是代表了当时观众的心声。

这部电影向观众展示了人类对于未知世界的好奇和勇敢，激发了观众探索未知的热情。

通过对这部电影的研究和翻译，我们可以更好地理解人类文化中科幻电影的地位和影响力。

（正文结束）。

综合教程4 Unit 2 Space Invaders 课后练习答案

unit2spaceinvadersteachingplan综合教程四

UNIT 2 SPACE INVADERSLearning Objectives1)First listen to and then talk about personal space.2)Learn text I Space Invader.3)Wrote a letter to describe a crowdy situation.4)Listen to A typical English conversation.5)Read supplementary material Space and Distance.Warm-up Questions1)How do you feel if you are one of the passengers?2)Is personal space important to you? Why or why not?3)What do you usually do when you are in a crowded bus or subway?4)If people stand too close or too far to you, how do you feel? And what wouldyou do?5)Do we have a weaker sense of personal space than the Westerners? Why or why not?6)What elements affect people’s personal space sense?Cultural backgroundPersonal spacePersonal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of trust or love. On the other hand, intruding other’s personal space can be rather offensi ve.The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example:● people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward and embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them;● people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex;● strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well;● in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other.Text ISPACE INVADERSRichard StengelGlobal ReadingI. Structural analysis of the textIn the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays people are more concerned about themselves and want to have a larger personal space than decades ago, and then he analyses the causes of space invasion.The text can be divided into three parts.Part I (Paragraphs 1 –2):T he writer calls the reader’s attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded. Part II (Paragraphs 3 –7):The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners.Part III (Paragraph 8 – 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, . it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.II. Rhetorical features of the textA vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are as follows.Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space invaders:- a man … started inching toward me … (Paragraph 1)- In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close ... (Paragraph 3)- In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room ... (Paragraph 7)Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:- I minutely advanced toward the woman… in front of me ... (Paragraph 1)- … who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him ... (Paragraph 1)Detailed ReadingQuestions1. Is “personal space” a term of the seventies? Is it out of date nowadays? Why or why not? (Paragraph 2)Answer: “Personal space” was a term popularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowadays. However, it doesn’t mean that it is out of date. People, whatever periods they are in, need personal space, which is not to be penetrated.The only problem is that the world is becoming so crowded that it is impossible for people to protect their personal space as well as they used to do.2. What does the author mean by saying “personal space is mostly a public matter”? (Paragraph 5)Answer: Personal space, first of all, is the space you expect and are expected to keep between you and other people in public places in order to maintain an appropriate interpersonal relationship. Edward T. Hall in The Hidden Dimension, for example, describes the social values applied by Americans to certain distances between people as fall ing into four main categories: “Intimate distance (0 –1&1/2 feet), Personal distance (1&1/2 –4 feet), Social/Consultative distance (4 –10 feet), and Public distance (10 or more feet).”3. Do you agree with the writer’s view that the contraction of the outer, personal space is proportional to the expansion of the inner-space of modern man? (Paragraph 8)Answer: Yes, people in the present society tend to be more self-centered, concentrating on their private affairs and ignoring the outer world around them. They say they have no time or energy to care about others in a society of fast tempo. As a matter of fact, they do not want to bother about it.Text IISPACE AND DISTANCE1Larry A. Samovar etLead-in QuestionsWhat are some of the ways in which space and distance are used to communicate? Could you find any gender differences in the use of space?Main IdeaNotes1. About the text ― This text is taken from Communication between Cultures (ThirdEdition) written by Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter and Lisa A. Stefani and published by Wadsworth in 1998.2. About the author ― Larry A. Samovar is a teacher of San Diego State University.3. proximics (Paragraph 1) ― the study of space and distance between people4. stand one’s ground(Paragraph 2) ― stick to one’s position or opinion5. collective cultures (Paragraph 2) ― cultures that emphasize collectivism6. Condon (Paragraph 2) ― Condon, and also Ruch, Hall and Hall, and Leathers,appearing in later paragraphs, are names of authors listed in the bibliography of the book from which the text is excerpted. Presumably these people have also made contributions to the area of intercultural communication. Most probably one of the Halls in “Hall and Hall” refers to the famous 20th-century American anthropologist Edward T. Hall, whose book The Hidden Dimension(1966)is a study of “social and personal space and man’s perception of it.”7. function (Paragraph 5) ― party; reception8. arranged hierarchically (Paragraph 7) ― arranged according to one’s rank orimportance9. co-cultures(Paragraph 8) ― In cell biology, co-culture means the growth ofdistinct cell types in a combined culture. Here it refers to the cultures that have derived from the combination of different cultures.10. at a premium(Paragraph 8) ― very difficult to get because it is so little inamountAdditional notes1. Culture influences the manner and meaning in seating arrangements. (Paragraph4) —Culture influences the way seats are arranged and the meaning sucharrangements convey.2. The Chinese often experience alienation and uneasiness … (Paragraph 4) — TheChinese often feel isolated and anxious …3. Prostitutes, for example, are very possessive of their territory. (Paragraph8) — Prostitutes, for example, have a strong sense of possession about theirown particular territory, . they do not want other prostitutes to trespass on their area of “business.”Questions for discussion1. Do you keep the same distance from other people, when interacting with them?2. Where do you usually sit in a meeting room if you can make your choice? Try to explain why you have such a preference.3. Suppose a friend comes to see you when you are watching an interesting TV play in your sitting room. Will you turn off the TV before you start your conversation?Key to Questions for discussion1. No. The distance we keep from other people depends on our interpersonalrelationship. We tend to keep longer distances from strangers and shorter from close friends and family members. (In answering this question, you can be morespecific through exemplification.)2. Tell your classmates whether you prefer to sit in the front, in the middle, orat the back of the meeting room. There can be different reasons for different people to make the same choice. For example, if you prefer to sit in the front, you might want to hear the speakers more clearly, or to catch the attention of the chairman or the speakers. But of course there are other reasons, non-physical ones, that determine your choice.3. In most cases we will turn off the TV before the conversation starts. Any delaywill mean that the visitor comes at a wrong time and therefore he or she is not welcome, at least at this moment.Memorable QuotesLet there be space in your togetherness.—Kahlil GibranCivilization is the progress toward a society of privacy. The savage’s whole existence is public, ruled by the laws of his tribe. Civilization is the process of setting man free from man.—Ayn RandKahlil Gibran(1883 –1931) was a Lebanese-American philosophical essayist, novelist, mystical poet, and artist. In the 1960s, Gibran’s works influenced especially American popular culture. His most famous book is The Prophet (1923). Ayn Rand (1905 – 1982) was a Russian-American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter. She was known for her two best-selling novels and for developing a philosophical system she called Objectivism.Questions for discussion:1. Some people say “Distance breeds beauty”. How do you understand this in terms of “personal space”?2. Do you agree that the enhancement of people’s sense of privacy is a representation of the progress of civilization? Explain and give examples.Guidance:1. Suggestion: what is “personal space”; “personal space” exists in all cultures and in all relationships; inappropriate violation of “personal space” evokes offence; “Let there be space in your togetherness”.2. Suggestion: a comparison of the barbaric tribal life and the modern civilized life。

Unit 2 Space Invaders习题答案综合教程四

Unit 2 Space Invaders习题答案综合教程四Space Invaders是一款备受欢迎的电子游戏，与之相关的习题是综合教程四中的Unit 2题目。

本文将为您提供该习题的详细答案，帮助您更好地理解和掌握相关知识。

题目一：选择题1. Which of the following best defines the term "space junk"?A. Debris left from manned space missions.B. Man-made objects in orbit around the Earth.C. Natural objects found in outer space.D. Unused space equipment stored on Earth.答案：B. Man-made objects in orbit around the Earth.解析：选项B最准确地定义了“space junk”，它指的是人造物体在地球轨道上的残留物。

2. The main reason why space junk is a concern is that it ______.A. poses a threat to functioning satellites and spacecraft.B. obstructs the view of astronomers.C. adds to the cost of space exploration.D. causes pollution in outer space.答案：A. poses a threat to functioning satellites and spacecraft.解析：空间垃圾的主要问题是它对运行中的卫星和航天器构成威胁。

其他选项并不是主要原因。

3. According to the text, what is the main source of space junk?A. Discarded rocket boosters.B. Defunct satellites.C. Fragments from collisions.D. Lost tools during spacewalks.答案：B. Defunct satellites.解析：根据文本，关于空间垃圾的主要来源是废弃的卫星。

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