Glossary

Elementary School LevelMathematics GlossaryEnglish / Chinese SimplifiedTranslation of Mathematics TermsBased on the Coursework forMathematics Grades 3 to 5.Word-for-word glossaries are used fortesting accommodations for ELL/LEPstudentsLast Updated: 08/10/09THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234Education - P-16Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher EducationOffice of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies/biling/THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORKRegents of the UniversityM ERRYL H.T ISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ....................................................................... New YorkM ILTON L.C OFIELD,Vice Chancellor, B.S.,M.B.A., Ph.D. ......................................................... RochesterR OBERT M.B ENNETT,Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ............................................................... TonawandaS AUL B.C OHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................ New RochelleJ AMES C.D AWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................ PlattsburghA NTHONY S.B OTTAR, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................... SyracuseG ERALDINE D.C HAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ................................................................................. Belle HarborH ARRY P HILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ........................................................................................... HartsdaleJ OSEPH E.B OWMAN,J R., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D......................................................... AlbanyJ AMES R.T ALLON,J R.,B.A., M.A. ............................................................................................... BinghamtonR OGER T ILLES, B.A.,J.D................................................................................................................. Great NeckK AREN B ROOKS H OPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................ BrooklynC HARLES R. B ENDIT, B.A. ............................................................................................................. ManhattanB ETTY A.R OSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D..................................................... BronxL ESTER W.Y OUNG,J R.,B.S.,M.S.,Ed.D...................................................................................... Oakland GardensC HRISTINE D.C EA,B.A.,M.A.,Ph.D........................................................................................... Staten IslandW ADE S.N ORWOOD,B.A.............................................................................................................. RochesterInterim President of the University and Commissioner of EducationCAROLE F. HUXLEYSenior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P–16JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIERAssociate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional SupportJEAN STEVENSCoordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language StudiesPEDRO J. RUIZAcknowledgements:The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed and updated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York State Education Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education Technical Assistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New York City Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of Education Translation and Interpretation Unit.The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.Grades 3-5English Chineseabout 大约above 在……上面absolute value 绝对值accurate 精确；准确accurately label work 准确标示作业act it out 演示出来acute angle 锐角acute triangle 锐角三角形add 加addend 加数addition 加法addition fact 加法事实addition sentence 加法句子addition sign 加号additive inverses 加法逆元；加法反元after ……之后afternoon 下午algebra 代数algebraic expression 代数式algebraic patterns 代数模式algebraic relationship 代数关系algebraic relationships 代数关系algebraically 用代数方法，在代数上algorithm 算法；算法系统alike 相同的；一样地all 所有all together 全部almost 差不多amount 量；总数；本利和analog clock 有长短针的时钟analyze 分解；分析angle (∠) 角(?)angles, adjacent 邻角answer 答案；回答ante meridian (a.m.) 上午（a.m.）apex 顶点application 应用；程序apply 应用approach 接近；趋向；途径；方法appropriate mathematical language 适当的数学语言appropriate mathematical language适当的数学语言组织作业organize workarc 弦；弧area 面积argument 自变量；论证；辐角argument conjecture counterexample 论证推测反例arithmetic (numeric) expression 数值（算术）表示式arithmetic expression 算术（表达）式arithmetic fact 算术事实arrange 排列array 数组as long as 与……一样长associative property 结合特性attribute 归因于……（动词）；特性（名词）autumn (fall) 秋天average 平均值axis (axes) 轴bar graph 条形图base 底base of a 3-dimensional figure 立体图形的底base of a parallelogram 平行四边形的底base of a polygon 多边形的底base of a polyhedron 多面体的底base of a rectangle 矩形的底base of a triangle 三角形的底base ten number system 基数十进制系统before 之前below 在……下面beside between on 旁边；在……之间；在……上面big/bigger/biggest 大/比……大/最大bisect 二等分calculate 计算calendar 日历capacity 容量cardinal numbers (1-10) 基数（1-10）cent 仙；分centimeter (cm) 公分；厘米（cm）chance 机会charts 图表circle 圆circle graph 圆饼图circumference 周长；圆周clarify 阐明classify triangles 将三角形分类closed figure 封闭图形coin 硬币collaborate 合作collection 收集common 共同common denominator 公分母common factor 公约数；公因子common multiple 公倍数commutative property of addition 加法交换律commutative property of multiplication 乘法交换律compare 比较compare numbers 比较数字compatible numbers 兼容数字compensation 补偿complementary angles 余角compose a number 作一个数字compose shapes 画形状composite number 合数；复合数concentric circles 同心圆conclusion 结论concrete representations 具体表述cone 圆锥congruent 全等congruent triangles 全等三角形conjecture 推测；猜想connect 连接consecutive 相邻的；连续的consecutive angles 相邻角constant 常数construct 作contrast 对比conversion fact 转换事实convert 转换coordinate 坐标coordinate grid 坐标方格coordinate plane 坐标平面corner 隅角；角点corresponding angles 同位角corresponding sides 对应边count back 由大到小数数count backwards 反序数数count on 依靠counterexample 反例；反证counting numbers 自然数；正整数counting numbers 自然数；正整数cube 正方体cubic centimeter (cm3) 立方厘米（cm3）cubic unit 立方单位cup (c) 杯(c)currency symbols 货币符号customary measurement system 习惯度量系统customary units of measure 习惯度量单位cylinder 圆柱data 数据data frequency table 数据频率表day 日daylight 日光decagon 十边形decimal fraction 十进制小数；小数decimal number 十进制数；小数decimal point 小数点decimeter 分米（十分之一米）decompose a number 分解数字decompose shapes 分解形状decrease 减少decreasing sequences 递减序列degree 度degree measure of an angle 角的度量denominator 分母density 密度design 设计diameter 直径difference 差别differences 相异处digit 数位digital clock电子钟digits 数位dime 一毛硬币dimension 维discuss 讨论；论述distributive property 分配律divide 除dividend 被除数divisibility test 可除性测试divisible 可除的divisible by 可以被……除尽的division 除法divisor 除数；约数；因子dodecahedron 十二面体dollar ($) 元（$）doubles minus one 两倍再减一doubles plus one 两倍再加一doubling 加倍draw a graph 画一个图表draw a graph 画一个图表draw a picture 画一幅画draw a picture 画一幅画drawings 图画edge 棱；边eight 八elapsed time 消逝的时间ellipse 椭圆endpoint 端点eqivalent equations 同解方程equal (=) 等于（=）equal to (=) 等于（=）equation 方程式equidistant marks 等距的标记equilateral polygon 等边多边形equilateral triangle 等边三角形equivalent 等价的；相等的equivalent 等价的；相等的equivalent decimals 等值小数equivalent fractions 等值分数equivalent numerical expressions 等值数值表示式equivalent ratios 等比estimate 估量；估计值estimation 估计estimation strategies 估计策略evaluate 计值even number 偶数evening 晚上event 事件examine 检查example 例子expanded form 展开式experimental results 实验的结果explain 解释explain mathematical relationships 解释数学关系explore 探求explore mathematical relationships 探索数学关系exponential notations 指数记法extend a pattern 扩展图形extend models 扩展模式extended fact 扩展事实face 面fact 事实fact family (related facts) 事实族（相关事实）factor (noun) 因子；因子（名词）factor (verb) 分解（动词）factorial 阶乘fair share 公平摊分fewer 更少fewer than 比……少fifths 第五的；五分之几first 第一的five 五flip (reflection) 倒过来（反映）foot (ft) 英尺（ft）formula 公式formulate conclusions from graphs 从图表得出结论formulate predictions from graphs 从图表得出预测four 四four-digit number 四位数字fourths 第四的；四分之几fraction 分数frequency table 频率表front-end estimation 前端估量gallon (gal) 加仑generate solutions 找出解决问题的答案geometric figure 几何图形geometric pattern 几何图案geometric solid 几何固体geometry 几何gram (g) 克（g）graphical representations 以几何形式演述；图示；以图样表达graphs 绘图greater 更大greater than (>) 大于(>)greatest 最大的greatest common divisor (GCD) 最大公约数（GCD）greatest common factor (GCF) 最大公因子；最大公因式（GCF）grid 格group how many 将多少……分组guess 猜half hour 半小时halves 二分之一halves 二分之一halving 对分heavier 更重height 高height of a 3-dimensional figure 立体图形的高height of a parallelogram 平行四边形的高height of a rectangle 矩形的高height of a triangle 三角形的高heptagon 七边形hexagon 六边形higher 更高horizontal 平行的hour 小时hour hand 时针hundred chart 一至一百位数表hundred thousands 十万hundred thousands millions 千亿hundreds 百hundreds 百hundreds place 百位hundredths 第一百的；百分之一hundredths 第一百的；百分之一hypotenuse 斜边icosahedron 二十面体identify 恒等式identify the problem 找出问题identity element for addition 找出加法的元素identity element for multiplication 找出乘法的元素impossible outcomes 不可能的结果improper fraction 假分数inch (in) 英寸（in）increase 增加increasing sequences 从小到大顺序inequality 不等式input values 输入值inscribed polygon 内接多边形inside 里面integer 整数interior angles 内角interpret 解释；理解interpret models 解释模式intersect 相交intersecting lines 交线invalid approach 无效方法；无效近似值inverse operations 逆运算inverse property 逆向特性investigate 调查；审查irrational numbers 无理数irrational numbers 无理数irregular polygon 不规则多边形irregular shape 不规则形状irrelevant information 不相关的信息isosceles triangle 等腰三角形justify 证明key sequence 关键序列key to a graph 图例kilogram (kg) 公斤（kg）kilometer (Km) 公里（Km）kite 风筝形label work 作标记language of logic(and, or, not) 逻辑语言（和、或、不）large/larger/largest 大/更大/最大last 最后least common denominator (LCD) 最小公分母(LCD)least common multiple (LCM) 最小公倍数(LCM)leg of a right triangle 直角三角形的（两条）直角边length 长度less 更少less than (<) 少于(<)lighter 更轻like (common) denominators 相同（公）分母likely 很可能（的）line 直线line graph 线型图line of symmetry 对称轴line plot 折线图line segment 线段line symmetry 线对称listen 听liter (L) 升（L）logical reasoning 逻辑推理long/longer/longest 长/更长/最长longer 更长longer than 比……长look for a pattern 寻找模式lower 更低lowest terms (simplest form) 最低项（最简单的形式）make a chart 画一个图表make a diagram 画一个图标、图表make an organized chart 画一个有组织的图表make an organized list 画一个有组织的列表make conjectures 作猜想；进行推测make observations 观察map legend 地图说明map scale 地图比例尺mass 质量match 配对mathematical statements 数学陈述；数学语句mathematics 数学mean 平均值；平均数；中数measure 测量；量度measurement 测量median 中位数mental math 心算meter (m) 公尺（m）；米（m）metric system of measurement 度量的公制metric units of measure 度量公制单位mile 英里milliliter (mL) 毫升（mL）milliliter (ml) 毫升（mL）millimeter (mm) 毫米（mm）millions 百万minuend 被减数minus 减minus sign 减号minute 分钟minute 分钟minute hand 分针mixed number 带分数mode 众数money 钱months of the year 月份more 更more than (>) 大于(>)more/most 比……多/最多morning 早上multiple 倍数multiple representations 多重表述式multiplicand 被乘数multiplication 乘法multiplicative inverses 乘数的倒数multiplier 乘数；倍数multiplier 乘数；倍数multiply 乘negative number 负数negative rational numbers 负有理数next 下一个nickel 五分硬币night 晚上nine 九nonagon 九边形nonstandard measure 非标准度量nonstandard representations 非标准表达式nonstandard units 非标准单位noon 中午not equal to (¹) 不等于not equal to = 不等于number 数字number in words 数目number line 数轴number model 数字模型number sentence 数字句型number system 数系；记数制numeral 数位numeration 计数制numerator 分子numeric expression 数式numeric patterns 数字形式numerical problems 数值题numerically 用数值；在数值上objects 物体objects created using technology 用科技制造的物体obtuse angle 钝角obtuse triangle 钝角三角形octagon 八边形octagon parallel lines 八边形的并行线odd number 奇数one 一one-digit number 一位数字ones 一ones place 一位数open figure 开放图形open sentence 开放句子operation 运算operational method/operation 运算方法oral representations 口头演述order 次序order of operations 运算次序ordered number pair 排序数偶ordinal numbers 序数organize 组织organize work 排列次序organized chart 有序图表organized list 有序列表origin 原点ounce (oz) 盎司（oz）over 在……之上；超过pan balance 天平parabola 抛物线parallel lines 并行线parallelogram 平行四边形part 部分part-to-part ratio 部分与部分的比率part-to-whole ratio 部分与整体的比率pattern 模式penny 一仙硬币pentagon 五边形percent 百分率；百分数；百分比perimeter 周长perpendicular lines 垂直线personal references 个人参考per-unit rate 每个单位的率physical models 物质模型pi 圆周率pictograph 象形图；统计图表pictorial representations 图画式演述pint (pt) 品脱（pt）place value 位值plane 平面plane figure 平面图形；俯视图plot 画；作画；绘图plus 加point 点poll 投票；投票数polygon 多边形polyhedron 多面体positive number 正数positive power of 10 10的正幂（乘方）positive rational numbers 正有理数possible outcomes 可能结果post meridian (p.m.) 下午（p.m.）pound (lb) 磅（lb）power 幂；乘方power of 10 10的幂（乘方）predict 预测；预料prediction 预测prime factorization 质因子分解prime number 质数prism 棱柱probability 概率；几率；或然率problem solving strategies 解决问题策略process of elimination 消元过程product 乘积proper fraction 真分数property 特性protractor 量角器；分度规pyramid 角锥Pythagorean Theorem 勾股定理；勾股定理quadrangle 四角形quadrant 象限；四分之一圆周quadrilateral 四边形quart (qt) 夸脱（qt）quarter 四分之一questions 问题quotient 商radious 半径ramdom number 随机数字ramdomly 随机地range 区域；范围；值域；极差；量程；排列rate 速率；速度；率ratio 比；比率rational number 有理数rationale 逻辑依据；原理阐述ray 射线real number 实数real world math 真实世界的数学real world situation 现实世界情况reasonable estimates 合理估量reasonableness 合理性reasonableness of a solution 解的合理性recognize 分辨；识别rectangle 长方形；矩形reference frame 参考框架regroup (regrouping) 重新组合regular polygon 规则多边形；正多边形regular polyhedron 正多面体related facts 相关事实relation symbol 关系符号relevant information 相关信息remainder 余数repeated addition 同一数字重复加；重复加法repeated subtraction 同一数字重复减；重复减法repeating decimal （无穷）循环小数rhombus 菱形；斜方块right angle 直角rotation 旋转（名词）round a number 四舍五入rounding 四舍五入rule 规则ruler 尺same 一样sample space 样本空间scale drawing 依比例制图scale on a graph 图表比例scale to measure mass 度量质量的天平scalene triangle 不等边三角形scientific notation 科学记数法seasons in relation to the months 季节的月份second 秒；秒（角度）sector 扇形semicircle 半圆形set of data 数据集set of objects 物体集seven 七shape 形状share 分shorter 更短shorter than 比……短show 表示side 边similar figures 相似形similar triangles 相似三角形similar triangles 相似三角形similarities 相似点simplest form 最简式simplify an expression 简化一个数式simplify fractions 简化分数single event 单独事项single-event experiment 单独事项实验six 六sixths 第六的；六分之一size 尺寸skip count 跳位计数slide (translation) 平移（平移）small/smaller/smallest 小/更小/最小solid figure 实体图形solution 解solution(s) 解solve 解；解决；解答solve a simpler problem 解答简单题some 一些sort 种类（名词）；把……分类（动词）special case 特例special case(s) 特例speed 速度sphere 球体spring 春天square 平方；正方形square array 正方阵列square number 平方数square of a number 数字的平方square root of a number 数字的平方根square unit 平方单位standard measure 标准度量standard notation 标准记数法standard representation 标准表达式standard representations 标准表达式standard units 标准单位stem-and-leaf plot 茎叶图step graph 步骤图straight angle 平角strategies 策略；方法substitute 置换；代替；代入substitution 代入；代换subtract 减subtraction 减法subtraction fact 减法事实subtraction sentence 减法句子subtraction sign 减号subtrahend 被减数sum 和summer 夏天supplementary angles 补角survey 调查symbols 符号symbols in verbal form 言语形式的符号symbols in written form 书面形式符号table 表；目录take away 拿走，减去tall/taller/tallest 高/更高/最高tallies 计数单位；标签tally mark 计数标记ten 十ten thousands 万tens 十tens place 十位tenth 第十的；十分之一term 项terminating decimal 有尽小数；有限小数terminating decimal 有尽小数；有限小数tessellation 镶嵌theorem 定理third 第三的；三分之一thirds 第三的；三分之几thought process 思考过程thousands 几千thousandths 第一千的；千分之一three 三three-digit number 三位数字three-dimensional figure 三维图形；立体图形tiling 面积相加time 时间to challenge thinking 挑战思考to clarify thinking 澄清思考to elicit thinking 引起思考to extend thinking 联想together 一起ton 吨translate 平移；翻译（动词）trapezoid 梯形trial and error 尝试错误；试错法；试误法triangle 三角形true/false 是/非turn (rotation) 转two 二two-digit number 两位数字two-dimensional figure 二维图形；平面图形types of representations 演述的种类under 在……之下understand 明白unit 单位unit fraction 单位分数unit fractions 单位分数unlike denominators 异分母unlikely 不可能use manipulatives 采用操作材料valid approach 有效方法/途径value 数值variable 变量Venn diagram （维恩）逻辑图；温氏图；范氏图；文氏图verbal expression 言语表达verbal form of reasoning 推论的言语表达形式verbal language 口头语言verbal process 口头表达过程verbal symbols 言语符号verify claims of others 验证/检验其它断言verify results 验证/检验结果vertex 顶点vertical 垂直的vertical angles 上仰角；对顶角vertices 顶点volume 容积；体积week 星期whole 整体whole number 正整数及零；整数whole numbers 正整数及零；整数whole unit 整体单位width 宽度；阔度winter 冬天work backwards 逆向操作/运算write an equation 写等式/方程written form of reasoning 推论的书写形式written language 书面语言written representations 书面演述written symbols 书面记号/符号yard (yd) 码（yd）year 年zero 零zero as the identity element in addition 零作为加法中的恒等素zero property of addition 加法恒等性zero property of multiplication 乘法恒等性。