2011年职称英语教材补全短文新增部分(理工类)

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2011年理工类职称英语教材新增短文

2011年理工类职称英语教材新增文章阅读理解新增文章（共6篇）目录：第二篇(C级)：World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第六篇(C级)：Weaving with Light第三十四篇(B级)：Batteries Built by Viruses第三十八篇(B级)：Longer Lives for Wild Elephants第四十五篇(A级)：Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others第四十六篇(A级)：Marvelous Metamaterials第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some PredictIn a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil，scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014.This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some other predictions. Their study is in ACS’Energy&Fuels1.Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting "peak oil". "Peak oil" is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines. Scientists have developed several models to forecast this point，and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model2.It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve3.A related concept is that4 of "Peak Oil." The term "Peak Oil" indicates the moment in which world wide production will peak，afterwards to start on irreversible decline.The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970.The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to forecast oil production worldwide.However，recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for5 more complex oil production cycles of some countries. Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes，politics，and other factors，the scientists say.The new study describes development of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realistic and accurate oil production forecast. Using the new model，the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries，which supply most of the world’s conventional crude oil6.They estimated that worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014，years earlier than anticipated. The scientists also showed that the world’s oil reserves7are being reduced at a rate of 2.1 percent a year. The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate，they suggest.词汇：conserve v.保护，保存 irreversible adj.不可逆的，不可改变的crude oil原油spark v.闪耀;激发;鼓舞 insufficient 不充分的，不足的curve n.曲线注释：1.ACS’Energy&Fuels：ACS是American Chemical Society(美国化学学会)的缩写。

2011年职称英语考试理工C答案解析

2011年职称英语考试理工C答案解析(试卷代码：31)一、词汇选项1、Eventually---FinallyThe herb medicine eventually cured her disease. (词汇学习1-7)中药最终治好了她的疾病。

AnicelyBapparentlyCfinallyDnaturally近义词词义eventually finally in the end ultimately adv. 最终2、vary---change3、thorough---careful4、proposed---suggestedI propose that we discuss this at the next meeting. (2010年理工C词汇选项题第三题) 我提议我们在下次会议上讨论此事。

AdemandBsuggestCorderDrequestThe chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting. (词汇学习8-12)主席提议我们停止会议。

AstatedBdeclaredCsuggestedDannounced近义词词义propose suggest advise move recommend v. 建议5、disappointing---unsatisfactory6、explored---investigated7、a lot---greatly8、relied on---depended onShe has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. (词汇学习8-14)她证明了自己在危急关头是值得信赖的。

Alived onBdepended onClived offDbelieved in近义词词义depend on rely on v. 依靠9、converted---turnedIn the process, the light energy converts to heat energy. (2010年理工C词汇选项题第十三题)在这个过程中光能转化为热能。

2011年职称英语理工类A新增文章(含译文)

第四十五篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science，who was lead investigator4 on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions，spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women，reportedly healthy，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of US like the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt，both because they like the taste of saltiness more，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. "said Hayes." Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely，consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor，and at least for these foods，more is better，so the supertasters seem to like them more.”However，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese，Hayes noted. "For example，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronouncedo6."Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result，Hayes explained，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.“Some people，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter，while others. called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter，"he said." Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological difterences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness. (476)词汇：publicize v.引起公众对…的注意;(用广告)宣传 ferment v.(使)发酵geneticist n.遗传学家dietary adj.饮食的;规定食物的 acuity n.敏锐;尖锐注释：1.Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences：即Penn State University-College of Agricultural Sciences 宾州州立大学农学院。

2011职称英语理工类(A、B)阅读理解和完型填空新增文章(原文、练习、译文及答案)

2011职称英语理工类(A、B)阅读理解和完型填空新增文章(原文、练习、译文及答案)DViruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with5 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology', technology and production techniques。

Belcher's team includes Paula Hammond, who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet- Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. "We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature," says Hammond。

Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A, C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny.However, every year, new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink, ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit inside。

2011职称英语综合类新增文章

2011职称英语综合类新增文章2011年职称英语等级考试大纲没有变化，2010年考试大纲仍可沿用，2011年职称英语等级考试教材在2010年基础上进行了调整与修订，与2010年教材相比，2011年职称英语综合类教材在词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、补全短文四大题型上都没有变换，只有阅读理解与完型填空两个题型上有部分变化，以下是具体变化：综合类教材变化内容：阅读理解：第八篇(C级)：The State of Marriage Today第三十八篇(B级)：Excessive Demands on Young People第四十七篇(A级)：Spoilt for Choice完型填空：第五篇(c级)：Why People Use Pseudonyms第十二篇(B级)：Sport or Spectacle?第十五篇(A级)：Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years综合类阅读“The Best W ay to Reduce Your Weight”被更新成了“Spoilt for Choice”In answer to the second question，the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems．While the rate of divorce has risen，the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much，so marriage is still quite popular．In addition to this．many couples now cohabit and don’t bother to marry．These couples are effectively married，but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics．In fact．more than 50％Of first marriages survive．The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages．So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn’t．And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people：they suffer less from stress and its consequences，such as heart problems，and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts．Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!词汇：Divorce n．离婚Evidence n．证据，迹象Futurist n．未来主义者Explode v．激增，迅速扩大Predict v．预言，预料，预报Extramarital adj．婚外的Gloomy adj．阴暗的；令人沮丧的Institution n．制度，习俗Outlook n．展望，前景Pessimistic adj．悲观的Cohabit v．同居Effectively ad．实际上Statistics n．统计，统计资料Deceptive adj．迷惑的，骗人的Outdated adj．旧式的，过时的Indicate v．表明，暗示Consequence n．结果，后果Contented adj．满足的，满意的Counterpart n．对应的人(或物)注释：National Family Association：美国国家家庭联合会练习：1．Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family．B) Half of the married couples get divorced：C) American people marry more than four times．D) More and more people are getting divorced．2．What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean?A) It is not necessary to get married any more．B) Women do not need a husband any longer．C) Women are not economically dependant any more．D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now．3．Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?A) Many people still like to get married．B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased．C) Over 50％of the marriages continue to exist．D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true。

2011职称

下面是2011年阅读理解和完形填空新增文章的目录，供大家在复习时进行对照。

综合类阅读理解部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)B级*第三十八篇Excessive Demands on Young People对年轻人的过高期望综合类完型填空部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)B级*第十二篇Sport or Spectacle竞技还是表演?综合类教材中完型填空题型错误提醒：1、第十三篇英文暂无译文。

2、第十三篇中文译文实为第十五篇英文的译文。

3、第十五篇中文译文，大家可忽略不计，因英文已在教材删除。

复习重点仍应该放在词汇选项、阅读理解、完型填空三大题型上。

（一）阅读理解题型复习策略：关注新增文章：大家要利用这段时间把2011年新增的文章（新增文章列表见下文），尤其是本类别新增的文章要仔细认真的进行背诵和复习，在背诵文章时，应注意以下三点：（1）背诵每个题目的答案，不能只记ABCD（2）关注文章的中文内容，为换题做准备；（3）要全面重点背诵三个类别中新增的15篇文章，防止串考现象。

（二）完型填空题型复习策略：大家在复习完形填空题型时，应注意以下几点：（1）完型填空题型为题库出题，不需要做课外题目，综合类、理工类、卫生类串考情况比较少，各级别复习重点，综合类学生要扩大复习范围。

（2）复习要有层次感：把握住复习重点（3）复习程度把握：每篇文章的中文意思一定要全部了解，不能只记标题。

文章空白处反复练习，语法现象熟记。

（三）词汇选项题型的复习策略大家可以利用2月份这段时间集中进行同义词的积累和记忆，同时每天利用一定的时间练习进行查字典，对于基础较差的考生，建议抽时间坚持每天可以练习10—20对左右，这样有利于大家全面攻克词汇选项题型。

（四）其他题型的复习策略：阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子和补全短文三个题型，由于题目难度较大，且根据往年出题规律，一般不出教材内的内容，分值所占比重较小。

建议考生在复习过程中主要以掌握解题技巧为主，通过一些习题进行技巧的灵活应用。

2011年职称英语理工类考试教材新增文章译文

2011年职称英语理工类考试教材新增文章译文第四部分阅读理解第二篇世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值科威特科学家预测世界常规原油产量将在2014年达到峰值，这一发现可能会促进储存石油的努力。

这一预测比其他预测提前了将近十年，已经发表在美国化学学会《能量与燃料》杂志上。

伊布赫姆·纳夏威和同事们指出，全球石油消耗的快速增长使人们对"石油峰值"预测的兴趣越来越浓o"石油峰值"指的是石油产量达到最大值然后开始下降的时间点。

科学家已经构建了几个模型来预测这一时间，有些模型认为这一时间在2020年或更晚。

其中最著名的预测模型之一是赫伯特模型。

赫伯特模型认为世界石油产量呈钟型曲线，与此相关的概念是"石油峰值".这一术语指的是世界石油产量达到峰值的那一刻，之后将呈现无法逆转的下降趋势。

赫伯特模型精确地预测到美国石油产量于l970年达到峰值。

这一模型从此受到欢迎，已经用于预测世界石油生产。

但是，最近研究表明，这一模型不足以解释某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期。

科学家称，这些生产周期受到技术变化、政策和其他因素的很大影响。

最新研究描述了赫伯特模型的新版本，提供了更加实际、更加准确的石油生产预测。

科学家使用新模型评估了47个主要产油国家的石油生产趋势，这47个国家是世界常规原油的主要提供者。

科学家预计全球常规原油产量将于2014年达到峰值，比之前预计的要早很多年。

科学家还指出，世界石油储量正在以2．1％的速度逐年减少，他们认为新模型会帮助做出与能源相关的决定，帮助进行国家政策辩论。

第六篇编织灯光维克人过着与祖先类似的生活——他们不使用电，因为在他们居住的偏远山区架设电线成本太大。

维克人以制作精美的工艺品为生，他们到几百英里以外的城市去销售工艺品。

因为家里和路上都没有电，他们只能白天工作，天一黑就不得不停下手中的活计。

如今，一个由科学家、设计师和建筑师组成的团队正在利用新技术为维克人在太阳下山之后提供光亮。

2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案理工类

2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案理工类（C级）第1部分：词汇选项1 A eventua11y 和finally 同义，都表示"最后、最终" 的意思，又如: They met with difficulties and dangers on their way，but eventually they got to the destination. 他们一路上遭遇种种险阻，但最终到这了目的地。

luckily 幸运的，certainly 肯定地，naturally自然地。

2 C propose 和suggest 是同义词，都是"建议、提议、提出"的意思，注意用法略有不同，两者后面都可以跟动词的-ing形式，但是propose 后面可以用动词不定式，suggest 则不可以。

可以说We propose have a meeting，但是不可以说We suggest to have a meeting。

test测试、检验，announce 宣布、公布。

3 C rely on 是个很常用的动词短语，意为"依靠、依赖"，和depend on 同义。

4 D explore 是"探索、探险、摸索" 的意思，investigate 除了常用的"调查"这层意思外，也具有'探索'这样的意义，本句的意思是:在会议上我们探索了扩充的可能性。

5 C brief 这个形容词可以解释"简单的"，也有"简短的、短暂的"的意思，如 a brieftalk/introduction 简短的谈话/介绍.a brief visit 短暂的访问。

6 D vary 解释"变化、改变"，故用change 替换。

本句的意思是: 我的医生说我的饮食应该更多样化。

又如: The prices for computers vary a lot from shop to shop. 电脑的价格每家商店的差别很大。

2011年全国职称英语理工类(B级)真题及答案解析

2011年全国职称英语理工类（B级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad.A.tolerateB.generateC.reduceD.mensure2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A.equalB.immediateC.moderateD.great3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A.brightB.unclearC.generalD.bad4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.privateC.generalD.good5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A.pictureB.dangerC.evidenceD.case6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A.doubtB.reliefC.failureD.confusion7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.loveB.surpriseC.angerD.doubt8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A.energeticB.freeC.physicalD.regular9.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A.boringB.originalC.humorousD.long10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A.attractB.spendC.encourageD.require11.He demolished my argument in minutes.A.supportedB.disprovedC.disputedD.accepted12.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellC.breakbine13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.politeualC.badD.similar14.The project required ten years of diligent research.A.hardworkingB.socialC.basicD.scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A.necessaryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt （兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely.A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit.Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun.Light during daytime and when skies are clear.But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana， "If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go."he says.Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he says.A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy.But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he says.According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable ws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out."To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says.16.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

2011年职称英语完型填空新增文章译文---理工类

2011年职称英语完型填空新增文章译文---理工类运动的年轻人智商更高理A瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院和该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健康的年轻人智商更高，进入大学学习的可能性也更高。

研究结果发表在美国国家科学院学报上。

这项研究的取样样本是1950-1976年入伍的120万新兵。

这些新兵报到时接受了体能测试和智能测试，研究人员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。

研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的只能测试结果之间的联系很明显。

最突出的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。

但是智商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。

“身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充分的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑，”瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院教授和瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院校医院首席内科医师Michael Nilsson如是说，“也许这就是为什么智商测试结果与健康之间存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原因之一。

我们还发现生长因子也很重要。

”通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，身体健康，智商越高。

“我们还发现，在15-18岁之间加强身体锻炼的青少年往往认知能力也较强，”瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院研究员，Aby健康中心医师Maria Aberg说，“倘若情况果然如此，那么体育应成为学校中重要的一门学科，而且如果我们想要学好数学和其他理论学科，体育课是非常有必要的。

”研究人员还将新兵服兵役入伍报到时的体格测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来生活中的社会经济地位进行了比较。

那些18岁时身体健康的人学历更高，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。

吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁情绪理B有些青少年可能会一口接一口地吸烟来消除抑郁，进行所谓的“自我治疗”。

然而加拿大Toronto和Montreal大学的科学家却发现，事实上，吸烟会加重某些青少年的抑郁情绪。

“这项研究是检验吸烟是否可以给青少年带来精神欢愉的几项研究之一，”首席研究员Michael Chaiton如是说，他是Toronto大学Ontario烟草研究组织的助理研究员，“尽管吸烟能在短时间能起到自我治疗的作用，能振奋精神，但根据青少年自我报告的情况，我们发现，从长远看，吸烟的青少年往往有更多的抑郁症状。

2011年职称外语真题理工B

2011年职称英语等级考试真题(理工类B级)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共1 5分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Mr. Henley has accelerated his sate of shares over the past year.A. heldB. offeredC. increasedD. expected2. Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. hopedB. admittedC. reportedD. answered3. The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A. generalB. traditionalC. magnificentD. strong4. The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A. choiceB. ideaC. decisionD. reason5. At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A. understandB. giveC. attachD. lose6. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. reformedD. turned7. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. knowing8. We need to extract the relevant financial data.A. storeB. saveC. obtainD. review9. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A. standB. spendC. takeD. last10. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A. offeredB. includedC. investigatedD. accepted11. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. polishedB. clearedC. washedD. mended12. She always finds fault with everything.A. criticizesB. simplifiesC. evaluatesD. examines13. We have to act within the existing legal framework.A. limitB. procedureC. statusD. system14. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A. effortB. problemC. concernD. influence15. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. relativeB. continuousC. generalD. sharp第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011年全国职称英语理工类(B级)真题及答案解析

2011年全国职称英语理工类（B级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A hopedB answeredC admittedD reported2 We need to extract the relevant financial data.A storeB saveC reviewD obtain3 Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A heldB increasedC expectedD offered4 The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A choiceB ideaC decisionD reason5 The high-speed trains can have major impact on our livesA effortB problemC influenceD concern6 His shoes were shined to perfection.A clearedB washedC mendedD polished7 We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offeredB includedC investigatedD accepted8 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A continuousB relativeC generalD sharp9 Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A sayingB doubtingC thinkingD knowing10 We have to act within the existing legal framework.A limitB systemC procedureD status11 She always finds fault with everything.A simplifiesB evaluatesC examinesD criticizes12 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A magnificentB generalC traditionalD strong13 At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB understandC attachD lose14 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A reducedB movedC turnedD reformed15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it's been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming - and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recordedthe nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer - by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years. That difference may seem small - you might not even notice it in your bathtub. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That's going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by therapidwarming of the planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air.That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.16 Scientist have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Globle warming is less threatening to small countries.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 UNFCCC's annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

2011年职称英语理工类完型填空新增文章篇目

2011年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目理工类完形填空新增文章第三篇What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?*第十二篇Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens+第十五篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores第三篇What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃ which —l— in Antarctica in 1983．We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in—2一. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃to -120℃．The temperature depends upon —3—you are in direct sunlight or shade．Obviously, -l20℃is colder than our body can safely endure．Thank NASA science for well-designed space —4— that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes．The space temperatures just discussed affect only Our area l of the solar —5—．Obviously，it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun．Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃．How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again，it depends upon your —6—．We are taught it is supposedly —7—to have a temperature below absolute zero，which is-273℃，at which atoms do not move．Two scientists，whose names are Cornell and Wieman，have successfully cooled down a gas temperature barely —8— absolute zero．They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work—not a discovery，in this case2．Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?In the l920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting —9— about particles we now call photons．Bose had trouble —l0— other scientists to believe —11— he contacted Albert Einstein．Einstein's calculations helped him theorize—12— behave as Bose thought——but only at very cold temperatures．Scientists have also discovered that —13—atoms can help them make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate．These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose3 0ne second —14—six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time4 (d=v×t)．With5the long distances involved in space —15— to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance．词汇：Antarctica n．南极洲Orbit n．轨道NASA 美国国家航空和航天管理局Astronomer n．天文学家Pluto n．冥王星Photon n．光子Theorize v．推理，使理论化Velocity n．速度注释：1．our area：我们的这个区域。

2011年全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类

2011年全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类DA limitB systemC procedureD status11 She always finds fault with everything.A simplifiesB evaluatesC examinesD criticizes12 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A magnificentB generalC traditionalD strong13 At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB understandC attachD lose14 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A reducedB movedC turnedD reformed15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it's been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming - and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recordedthe nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer - by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years. That difference may seem small - you might not even notice it in your bathtub. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That's going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by therapidwarming of the planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air.That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.16 Scientist have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Globle warming is less threatening to small countries.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 UNFCCC's annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

2011年全国职称英语理工类(A级)真题及答案解析

2011年全国职称英语理工类（A级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad.A.tolerateB.generateC.reduceD.mensure2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A.equalB.immediateC.moderateD.great3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A.brightB.unclearC.generalD.bad4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.privateC.generalD.good5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A.pictureB.dangerC.evidenceD.case6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A.doubtB.reliefC.failureD.confusion7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.loveB.surpriseC.angerD.doubt8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A.energeticB.freeC.physicalD.regular9.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A.boringB.originalC.humorousD.long10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A.attractB.spendC.encourageD.require11.He demolished my argument in minutes.A.supportedB.disprovedC.disputedD.accepted12.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellC.breakbine13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.politeualC.badD.similar14.The project required ten years of diligent research.A.hardworkingB.socialC.basicD.scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A.necessaryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt （兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely.A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit.Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun.Light during daytime and when skies are clear.But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana，"If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go."he says.Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he says.A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy.But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he says.According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable ws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out."To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says.16.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

2011年全国职称英语理工类C级试题及详解2011年全国职称英语理工类C级试题及详解

2011年全国职称英语理工类（C级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

文中综合运用了动作、语言、神态和心理等多种描写手法化学教案突出了他唯利是图、目无法纪的丑恶嘴脸试卷试题1. Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.用五字法（留、换、删、补、调）翻译：保留原文表名称的词；将古文单音节词转换为现代汉语的双音、A FinallyB CertainlyC LuckilyD Naturally2. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.门拜谒化学教案只有谢景仁不到试卷试题到了三十岁化学教案才担任著作佐郎试卷试题桓玄诛杀司马元显之后化学教案见到A testedB usedC suggestedD announced3. She can be relied on in a crisis.：对上级裁决的敬称试卷试题改为“裁夺”试卷试题）20试卷试题①文言文是传统文化的精粹②文言文与白话文有着紧密的联系A looked afterB believed inC depended onD turned on4. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.老板哈哈大笑：“那就请你到别处去维护公平正义吧化学教案我这里不需要救世主试卷试题”小伙子一听老板说不聘用他了A offeredB includedC acceptedD investigated5. Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.化学教案说老板违反了劳动法化学教案试用期也应该支付薪水试卷试题板听到化学教案脸色突然变了化学教案叫来会计A hardB goodC shortD long6. My doctor said I should vary my diet more.到头劳顿不已化学教案低声下气向别人索取衣食化学教案或山行水宿化学教案颠踣流离化学教案、A prepareB cookC chooseD change7. Things have changed a lot since I was a child.D试卷试题“吏部尚书”是中国古代官名,六部中吏部的最高级长官,掌管官员任免、考核、升降、调动等大权试卷试题A graduallyB suddenlyC frequentlyD greatly8. The book took ten years thorough research.卷试题平定之后化学教案养锐息徒化学教案然后观兵洛汭化学教案修复园寝化学教案岂有坐长寇虏化学教案纵敌贻患者哉！”高祖纳之试卷试题A carefulB basicC socialD major9. The love of money is the root of all evil.试卷试题④位于粤东一隅的潮州古属七闽化学教案境内土著与闽越人无异化学教案自秦始皇之、A causeB resultC endD force10. The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives”化学教案结合全文化学教案概述作者这样认为的依据试卷试题(6分)18试卷试题结合文章内容化学教、A effortB influenceC problemD concern11. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.限制商业因素对游学的渗入试卷试题E项化学教案材料一没有评论）9.（1）根据家庭经济情况化学教案量力而行化学教案合理设计试卷试题A turnedB reducedC movedD reformed12. The test produced disappointing results.（1）适莽苍者化学教案化学教案腹犹果然试卷试题（庄子《逍遥游》)（2）A unsatisfactoryB indirectC similarD positive13. His long-term goal is to set up his own business.人知行合一的优良士风试卷试题其实不仅仅在中国化学教案游学也是世界各国、各民族文明中最为传统的一种教育形式试卷试题A. ideaB. energyC. aimD. Order14. Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.小伙子血气方刚化学教案认为自己没错化学教案辩解道：“我学法律化学教案就是为了维护公平与正义！”A reportedB hopedC answeredD admitted15. His shoes were shined to perfection.你可能也有过或将要面对这样的困惑化学教案请结合上述建议化学教案谈谈自己的体会和看法试卷试题要求：文体自A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011 职称英语理工类新增文章-阅读理解-讲义

2011全国职称英语考试目录2011年职称英语—综合类—阅读理解新增文章中文译文 (2)综合类---C级2第八篇当代婚姻 (2)综合类---B级2第三十八篇对年轻人的过高期望 (2)综合类---A级2第四十七篇多不胜选 (2)2011年职称英语—理工类—阅读理解新增文章中文译文 (3)理工类---C级3第二篇世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值 (3)第六篇编制灯光 (3)理工类---B级4第三十四篇病毒电池 (4)第三十八篇野生大象寿命更长 (4)理工类---A级4第四十五篇咸度味感因人而异 (4)第四十六篇不可思议的超材料 (5)2011年职称英语—卫生类—阅读理解新增文章中文译文 (5)卫生类---C级5第三篇厨房油烟可致癌 (5)卫生类---B级6第十八篇老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗 (6)第二十四篇遏制虐待儿童现象 (6)卫生类---A级7第三十四篇警惕抗菌药物的耐药性 (7)2011全国职称英语考试2011年职称英语—综合类—阅读理解新增文章中文译文综合类---C级第八篇当代婚姻如今的婚姻出什么严重问题了吗？在过去50年中，美国的离婚率暴涨：现在几乎50%的婚姻以离婚告终，证据显示，情况还将持续恶化。

据美国国家联合会的发言人称，如果这种趋势持续下去，将导致家庭的破裂。

一些未来学家预测，100年后的美国人将平均至少结四次婚，而婚外恋甚至将比现在更为普遍。

那问题的原因是什么？现状真的如此糟糕吗？第一个问题的答案十分简单：婚姻早已不像它过去那样非有不可了。

从好些年前开始，经济需求已经只是婚姻的部分基础。

过去，由于女性除了家庭以外没有任何工作，她们常常在经济上依赖丈夫。

现在，随着高薪女性的增多，情况也已经改变。

因此，她们觉得没有必要被一段失败的婚姻捆住手脚。

回答第二个问题，前景似乎不像它看起来那么令人悲观。

尽管离婚率升高，但世纪结婚率并没有下降，所以说结婚还是挺流行的。

除此之外，现在许多恋人同居但并不急着领证。

2011年职称英语完形填空新增文章----理工类

2011年职称英语完形填空新增文章----理工类(2011-02-17 22:07:48)标签：职称英语职称考试杂谈Y oung Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores 理AY oung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more _1__ to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyses the _2__ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link _3__ good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a _5__ in the results for the IQ tes t, and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been _10__ to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, r esearcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical _13__ is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _15__. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.1. A carefully B secretly C likely D happily2. A answers B works C scores D results3. A behind B between C among D without4. A logical B critical C typical D positive5. A place B game C role D trick6. A capacity B disease C shape D treatment7. A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory8. A what B why C how D where9. A exercise B training C strength D movement10. A able B clever C lucky D clear11. A moderate B average C lower D higher12. A ignore B improve C like D determine13. A examination B labour C movement D education14. A before B after C without D during15. A marriage B life C residence D serviceSmoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens 理BWhile some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to “self-medicate” against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_ depressive symptoms in some teens.“This observational st udy is one of the few to examine the perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “_3__ cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating _4__ or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.”As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires _5__ their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _6__ in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods.Participants were divided into three _7__: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical _8__; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had _9__ going to sleep or staying _10__; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things. “Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _11__ had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had n ever smoked,” says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms.”The _13__ between depression and smoking exists _14__ among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. “It’s _15__ to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after the y began to smoke,” says Dr. Chaiton.1. A examine B in crease C decrease D diagnose2. A social B financial C e motional D political3. A Whatever B Although C Whenever D S\What4. A effects B methods C steps D directions5. A beside B beyond C in D about6. A exposed B expanded C l ocated D detected7. A groups B sets C species D versions8. A world B activity C state D beauty9. A time B courage C energy D trouble10. A asleep B awake C still D silent11. A reducers B improvers C creators D removers12. A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming13. A difference B associati on C cooperation D agreement14. A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally15. A illogical B unscientific C meaningless D importa ntWhat Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe? 理CWhat is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃, which _1_ in Antarctica in 1983. We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in _2__. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃to -120℃. The temperature depends upon _3__ you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120 is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space __4_ that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar _5__. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -120℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your _6__. We are taught it is supposedly _7__ to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely _8__ absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work—not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists’ work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting _9__ about special light particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble _10__ other scientists to believe his theory. _11__ he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms _12__ behave as Bose thought — but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that _13__ atoms can help them make the world’s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second _14__ six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time（d=v ×t）. With the long distances involved in space _15__, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.1. A opened B occurred C opposed D operated2. A Earth B space C planet D star3. A whether B where C what D when4. A foods B beds C tools D suits5. A wind B energy C system D rays6. A education B status C knowledge D location7. A reasonable B wonderful C impossible D necessary8. A above B below C within D beyond9. A invention B theory C paper D experiment10. A convincing B begging C ordering D forcing11. A and B though C but D so12. A will B would C must D can13. A ultra-small B ultra-fast C ultra-hot D ultra-cold14. A any B each C every D some15. A travel B research C walk D station。

2011年全国职称英语理工类(B级)考试真题及答案

1.I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad.A.tolerateB.generateC.reduceD.mensure2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A.equalB.immediateC.moderateD.great3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A.brightB.unclearC.generalD.bad4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.privateC.generalD.good5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A.pictureB.dangerC.evidenceD.case6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A.doubtB.reliefC.failureD.confusion7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.loveB.surpriseC.angerD.doubt8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A.energeticB.freeC.physicalD.regular9.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A.boringB.originalC.humorousD.long10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A.attractB.spendC.encourageD.require11.He demolished my argument in minutes.A.supportedB.disprovedC.disputedD.accepted12.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellC.breakbine13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.politeualC.badD.similar14.The project required ten years of diligent research.A.hardworkingB.socialC.basicD.scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A.necessaryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt （兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely.A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit.Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun.Light during daytime and when skies are clear.But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana，"If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go."he says.Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he says.A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy.But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he says.According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable ws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out."To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewab le energy sources，"he says.16.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类

2011年全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类（A级）第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubting Bsaying C thinking D knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011年职称英语教材补全短文新增部分(理工类)

2011年理工类职称英语教材新增短文

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2011年职称英语完形填空新增文章----理工类

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全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类

2011 职称英语理工类新增文章-阅读理解-讲义