广东省东莞市万江二中初二《雪》黎华琛共30页
东莞市初中英语优课、微课评选拟奖名单公示
东莞市初中英语优课、微课评选拟奖名单公示
各完全中学、初级中学：
我市初中英语优课微课评选工作已经结束，此次活动，进一步推进了初中英语学科与信息技术的深度融合，推动了教师专业发展和教学能力的提升。
经评委们的认真评选，现评出优课一等奖20个，二等奖37个；微课一等奖40个，二等奖90个，三等奖113个。
现将拟授奖名单予以公示，公示时间为2015年1月30日—2月5日，公示期间如有异议，或是发现校名、姓名及题目录入有误的，请与初中英语学科联系。
联系人：张小燕电话：23126177
东莞市教育局教研室初中英语学科
东莞市中学英语教学研究会 2015年1月30日
附件1：东莞市初中英语优课评选拟评奖名单
一等奖
二等奖
东莞市初中英语微课评选拟评奖名单
一等奖
二等奖
三等奖
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广东省东莞市东华初级中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)
2023～2024学年度八年级（上）中段教学检测语文本试卷共三部分，共5大题，20小题，共6页，满分120分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。
3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第一部分积累与运用（共29分）一、（7小题，19分）下列加点字注音完全正确的一项是（2分）教诲（huǐ）要塞（sài）绯红（fēi）锐不可当（dāng）翘首（qiáo）嫉妒（jì）胆怯（qiè) 杳无消息（yǎo）屏息（bǐng）诘责（jié）畸形（jī）殚精竭虑（dàn）黝黑（yǒu）镌刻（juān）悄然（qiǎo）惨绝人寰（huán）下列选项中没有错别字的一项是（2分）劳碌窒息私塾眼花潦乱仲裁杀戮躁热深恶痛疾禁锢锃亮颁发藏污纳垢崎岖蒙昧滞留震聋发聩下列加点成语的使用不正确的一项是（2分）国庆期间上映的电影《姜子牙》在情节上跌宕起伏、抑扬顿挫，吸引着观众。
警方发动大规模扫黑行动，先逮捕领头者，瓦解对方士气，再以摧枯拉朽之势扫荡余孽。
事实证明，文学评论家常能见人所未见，言人所未言，且一语中的、入木三分。
D. 弥勒佛形象十分逗人喜爱，他袒胸露肚，笑口常开，不像一般的菩萨坐像那样正襟危坐。
4．下列句子中没有语病的一项是（2分）A．大型纪录片《不忘初心继续前进》全面展示了中国共产党人不忘初心、砥砺奋进。
B．能否坚持从严抓好基层党组织作风建设，决定着我们打赢“脱贫攻坚”这场硬仗。
唤醒生命成长的灵动
唤醒生命成长的灵动作者：罗峰来源：《广东教育（综合）》2021年第10期东莞市万江第二中学（以下简称“万江二中”）曾经是一所典型的发展中学校，办学条件落后，教师年龄偏大，有近10年时间中考成绩低于市平均水平，学生生源流失严重。
如今的万江二中却被评为东莞市第三批品牌学校培育对象，连续三年被东莞市教育局评为东莞市中学教学质量综合评价优秀单位，中考成绩也大幅超过市平均水平。
学校正朝着“办一所学生快乐、教师幸福、家长满意、社会认可的品牌学校，让老百姓在家门口享受优质公平教育”的目标进发。
这所学校为何能够如此快速崛起？这中间究竟发生了什么？2018年11月，为贯彻落实东莞市教育扩容提质推进会精神和东莞市人民政府《关于增加中小学幼儿园学位和优质教育资源供给的实施意见》有关要求，东莞市教育局在全市公办、民办中小学校中，遴选出100所品牌学校，以发挥品牌学校示范效应，全面提升全市整体办学质量。
刚到任的校长李永义因势而谋、应势而动、顺势而为，提出了把学校创办为品牌学校的办学目标，并为此开展了一系列教育教学改革。
引擎：“灵动教育”铸底色品牌是学校发展的灵魂，是学校办学理念、教育品质、教育特色以及学校文化的集中体现，也是一所学校的文化传承和发展突破。
走进万江二中，可以看到一块非常醒目的“灵动教育”品牌标识石。
学校坐落于万江之滨，与水相伴。
水，泽被万物而不争，灵动而富有生机，既有避高趋下的谦逊，奔流到海的追求，也有刚柔相济的能力，海纳百川的大度;既有滴水穿石的坚毅，也有迂回蜿蜒的勇气，荡涤污淖，真情奉献。
以“每个学生都是万江二中的形象大使”为办学理念的“灵动教育”，很好地诠释了学校的区域优势、学校的发展历程和历代万江二中人的不懈追求，同时也是处在发展困惑中的万江二中的一盏明灯。
“灵”即“机敏、聪明、不拘一格”，亦指“灵魂、心灵”;“动”则强调“创造”，亦指“变化、发展、时时都在萌生新的思想”，“灵动教育”指激发灵性、触及灵魂、感动心灵的教育。
2019-2020学年东莞市万江第二中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年东莞市万江第二中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A“Why do I feel cold when I have a fever?” “Why does the sun rise in the east?” I knew the day would come when my little girl Sophie would learn to talk and inevitably (不可避免地) start askingthose questions. The questions themselves weren’t worrying me. I was actually looking forward to seeing where her curiosity would lie.What was bothering (烦恼) me was whether or not I would know the answers. In the age of the smartphone, this may seem like a silly worry. The answers to almost everything would be just one Google away.Still, I struggled with how I was going to prepare to become an all-knowing mother. Then one day, it struck me: I didn’t need to have all the answers. What a great example I could set if I let my daughter know that I, too, was still learning. And I realized how much more I could learn if I took another look at things I thought I already knew the answer to with the curiosity of a child. My little girl’s mind is a beginner’s mind--- curious, open to new ideas, eager to learn, and not based on knowledge that already exists. I decided that I would deal with her questions with a beginner’s mind, too.Once I decided to become more curious, I started noticing that curiosity was becoming more important in the workplace, too. It seems that leaders don't need to have all the answers, but they do need to be curious.Curious about curiosity, I searched for answers and found Albert Einstein’s famous words, “I have no special talent. I am only passionately (热情地) curious.” We mightquibble overthe view that Einstein had no special talent, but there is one thing for certain---he wouldn't have solved the puzzles of the universe without his passionate curiosity. Then I came across another Einstein quote, “The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason or existence.”1. The advantage of having a beginner’s mind is that ________.A. people can learn much faster.B. people won't be afraid to make mistakes.C. people are willing to receive new things.D. people won't be expected to answer all questions.2. What does the example of Einstein’s words show?A. Einstein was passionate about curiosity.B. Einstein’s quotes are very famous.C. Curiosity is of great significance.D. Curiosity is more necessary than talent.3. What does the underlined phrase “quibble over” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Fight against.B. Argue about.C. Work out.D. Agree withBChimps use loud calls and gestures to make their feelings known but until now, the exact meaning for individual movements has remained a mystery. Now researchers believe they have translated the key gestures used in the chimp community and identified their intentions for the first time.From 4,351 gestures, experts were able to identify 66 that are used for 19 specific message meanings, including showing a foot to tell a child they can climb on their back. The researchers were able to narrow down these 66 gestures to 36 that are used intentionally to achieve 15 purposes. The translations were made by Dr Catherine Hobaiter and her colleagues at St Andrews University in Scotland.Dr Hobaiter used behavior sampling and filmed all recorded cases of gestural communication. Other gestures include stomping their feet to ask another chimp to stop what they are doing, and slapping objects together to ask another to follow them. Of the 19 meanings,17 encouraged interactions to start, or to develop, such as “move closer,” and “change play”. Some of the gestures were found to have more than one meaning. and only 10 of the 66 gestures were used for only a single meaning.Researchers collected a total of 471 video clips from two social groups of chimps at a shelter near Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. As well as identifying what the gesture means, they also discovered the technique needed to increase the chances of success.“Human children use gestures to communicate before they produce their first words, and their earliest gestures typically appear around 10 months of age,” explained the researchers. “In great apes, there is good evidence that language-trained individuals are capable of acquiring and understanding signals, but this is far less clear in their natural communication. ”4. Chimps slap the objects to____________.A. tell others to stop what they are doingB. ask others chimps to join themC. gather other chimps to move closerD. encourage interactions to start5. What did researchers find after studying 471 video clips?A. Chimps trained in language are good at understanding signals.B. Two social groups of chimps live at a shelter near Kinshasa.C. Language-trained individuals do well in natural communication.D. Chimps’earliest gestures appear around 10 months of age.6. How is the last paragraph developed?A. By analyzing causes.B. By examining differences.C By making comparisons. D. By following time order.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A A New Research on Chimps B. Human Children and ChimpsC. Getting the Chimps Trained for LanguageD. Translating the Sign Language of ChimpsCIvrea is a town in the Piedmont province of northern Italy. It is known for its localcarnival（狂欢节）organized in February.The main part of the carnival is the famous Battle of the Oranges (La battaglia delle arance). The Battle includes nine teams who throw oranges at each other during three carnival days – Sunday, Monday and Tuesday.Oranges were not always used in the battle. In the middle ages people used beans. Twice a year the local feudal lord gave a pot of beans to the poor families who, as sign of rebellion, threw them out of their homes. Later beans became part of carnival as sort of “ammunition” for throwing at people passing by.It is still not known why exactly people started using oranges. It is believed that the origin for this tradition is in the mid 19th century. The legend says that local girls, standing on balconies, started to throw some oranges, together with confetti,lupins(白羽扇豆)and flowers, onto the parade carriages. The girls actually wanted to draw attention of boysin the carriages. Boys “answered” by throwing some objects back at girls. Little battle started that way.Battle of the Oranges got strict rules after the World War II. The battles are organized on town's squares. The battles are fought between teams in carriages (symbolizing local the guards of localtyrant(恶霸)) and the teams walking beside those carriages (symbolizing rebellious people of Ivrea).Oranges for the event are brought from the island of Sicily. The oranges used are of low quality, not suitable for humans. About 270,000 kilograms of oranges are used each year.The carnival ends with a silent march on the night of “Fat Tuesday”. The Carnival "general" says goodbye toeveryone with the phrase "See you next Fat Thursday at 1 p.m."Special prizes are awarded to three best foot teams, three carriages drawn by two horses and three carriages drawn by four horses. Different elements are judged like for example throwing ability, fair play or decoration of carriages.8. The word "ammunition" (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to________.A. decorationB. bulletsC. advertisementD. presents9. In Battle of the Oranges, the teams walking beside carriages act as ________.A. the Carnival generalB. the local feudal lordC. the rebellious people of IvreaD. the guards of local tyrant(暴君)10. Which of the following statements about Battle of the Oranges is NOT true?A. In the middle ages, people threw beans out of homes as a sign of rebellion.B. Girls throw oranges towards carriages in the parade to attract the attention of boys inside.C. Tons of oranges are used every year to hold the festival.D. People started to throw oranges because they are of low quality and not suitable to eat.11. What is this passage mainly about?A. A traditional activity in an Italian carnivalB. The origin of Battle of the OrangeC. How people enjoy themselves in the Orange CarnivalD. The rules of activities in carnivals in ItalyDAdvertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics(批评家)seem to hate them because they have so much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods is largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the incidents and disasters.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch” column(栏目) but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!12. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Advertisements steal money from our pocketsB. The critics get the wrong idea of advertisements.C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D. Advertisements are everywhere.13. What is the attitude of the author toward advertisements?A. He appreciates the role of advertisements.B. He doubts the effect of advertisements.C. He believes what is said in advertisements.D. He complains too many advertisements in daily life.14. Which of the following is Not True?A. The personal or “agony” column makes us know more about human nature.B. The only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.C. A newspaper will cost us more if there is no advertisement on it.D. Advertisement makes our life color1 ful.15. Whicof the following shows the structure of the passage?( ①=" Paragraph" 1, ②=" paragraph" 2, ③=" paragraph" 3, ④=" paragraph" 4 ⑤=" paragraph" 5)A B.C. D.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年东莞市万江第二中学高三英语上学期期末试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年东莞市万江第二中学高三英语上学期期末试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVail Marriott Mountain ResortVail Winter Weather GuideCovered in grand mountains，flashing lights and snowy pines, Vail is perfect for explorers and people who love adventures alike. Whether skiing down the slopes for the first time or the hundredth, this guide will ensure that you're ready for everything this city has to offer.Best Time to VacationDecember through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.Know Before You GoMake the necessary preparations and reservations in advance：• Ski and Snowboard Rentals（租赁）：Don't have your own equipment! Vail Sports rents out a variety of skis and snowboards for all ages and abilities, as well as snow shoes and helmets.• Clothing Rentals：For those not interested in purchasing hundreds of dollars of ski clothing for one vacation. Mountain Threads has a rental program just for you, where you can get mountain necessities like coats, pants and goggles（护目镜）.• Suncream：You might not think about getting sunburn, but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.• Difficulty levels：It's important to know what level you're at before jumping on a ski lift and heading up the mountain. Use a free trail map and plan the slopes you're going to ski down ahead of time based on the following levels you'll find up the mountain：• Green Circle：These are the easiest slopes.• Blue Square：These indicate average to medium levels.• Black Diamond：The most advanced slopes. Some mountains will feature double black diamonds, indicating even higher difficulty.While Vail is famous for snow sports, you'll find plenty of other fun things to do once the sun goes down oryou are tired. Explore the rest of our website for more information!1. When is the best time to visit Vail if you like skiing?A. In March, April June and DecemberB. In December, February, April and MarchC. In January, February, March and DecemberD. In September, October, November and December2. Before you go to the Vail Marriott Mountain Resort, you will have to take ________with you.A. helmetsB. gogglesC. suncreamD. a trail map3. What will a skiing beginner who wants to enjoy himself prefer to choose?A. Blue SquareB. Black DiamondC Double Black Diamonds D. Green CircleBFor centuries , tea has been used for far more than quenching thirst. Around the world people drink it to relax, reinvigorate and relieve, and it's something we need now more than ever.Even in the United States, a long coffee-dominated country, tea drinking is growing in popularity, with the country consuming 0.4 kilograms (14 ounces) of tea leaves per person a year compared with 0. 36 kilograms(12. 7 ounces) in 2007 according to the United Nations, as people switch away from soda，milk and fruit drinks.Scientists are beginning to look into just how tea might affect mood and cognition. Specifically, they're investigating whether its relaxing and refreshing effects are a direct biological outcome of the compounds in tea or whetherthey come from the context in which the drink is consumed—preparing your tea, choosing your favorite cup and sitting down for a brief break from the world. Or both.Drinking green tea has been found to improve brain function in healthy people, said Stefan Borgward, chair and director of the department of psychiatry and psychotherapy at the University of Lubeck, Germany.In a 2014 study, he gave one or two cups of green tea to 12 healthy volunteers and imaged their brains to analyze changes in connectivity inside certain brain regions.“We noticed an increased connectivity in regions of the brain associated with working memory,” he said via email.And a 2017 review of more than 100 studies he coauthored found that green tea can impact the brain in three ways: It can influence psychopathological state such as reducing anxiety; cognition by benefiting memoryand attention; and brain function, specifically memory.That review concluded that "it would be desirable" for more Westerners to consume at least 100 milliliters(3.3 fluid ounces) of green tea each day “to protect neurocognitive function.”However, Borgward, cautioned that the effects aren't large, and the evidence is mainly provided by small-scale studies.4. How does the author introduce the tendency of drinking in the U.S.?A. By showing examples.B. By explaining reasons.C. By making a comparison.D. By checking existing facts.5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Scientists are looking into why tea makes people relaxed and refreshed.B. The context in which the drink is consumed is very important.C. People's relaxation is the direct biological outcome of the ingredients in tea.D. Preparing tea, choosing a cup and sitting down for a brief rest is amazing.6. What can we conclude from Stefan's research?A. Tea is a cure for a neurocognitive disease.B. Green tea is particularly beneficial to our memory.C. Drinking tea every day can prevent us from getting ill.D. Westerners drink less than 100 milliliters of green tea.7. What is the researcher'sattitude towards the finding?A. SupportiveB. Doubtful.C. Unclear.D. Objective.CA team of researchers from several institutions in the UK and one in Estonia has created a type of buoy（浮标）that has proven to be effective at frightening seabirds, thus preventing them from getting caught in gillnets—a type of vertical fishing net that is made of a material that makes it nearly invisible underwater.Every year, hundreds of thousands of seabirds die when they get caught in gillnets. Some estimates suggest that up to a half-million birds are caught in them each year. Over the years, researchers have created devices（装置）to prevent the birds from trying to catch fish near or in gillnets, but those didn't work well.To find a way that would work for all seabirds, the researchers first studied seabirds in a general sense, looking to find things that they would avoid. They noted that seabirds avoided eye contact with other creatures. Then the researchers came up with a simple idea—they put a small pole to a regular buoy and then attached apair of googly eyes（金鱼眼）to the top of it. They made the eyes big enough so that even birds with poor eyesight, such as geese, would see them. Adding to the effectiveness of the device, waves made the eyes move back and forth. And the wind made the buoy spin very slowly, making sure that birds from every direction would get a good look at the eyes.To test their idea, the researchers selected several sites near gillnets and counted how many birds approached and how many attempted to catch fish near the nets. They then set up their googly-eyed buoys and once again counted birds. Over the course of 62 days, they found the number of birds that tried to catch fish near the gillnets dropped by approximately 25% for a distance of up to 50 meters. They also found that the birds were less likely to fish near where the buoys had been for up to three weeks after they had been removed.8. What is the function of paragraph 2?A. Introducing a new topic to discuss.B. Providing background information.C. Summarizing the previous paragraph.D. Pointing out the main idea of the text.9. Why did the researchers make the googly eyes big?A. To ensure all the seabirds can see them.B. To clearly observe seabirds' eye contact.C. To allow them to survive the strong wind.D. To effectively identify the right direction.10. What does the researchers' test result mainly suggest?A. The new device still needs improvingB. Gillnets are a death valley for seabirds.C. Seabirds hardly catch fish near the nets.D. The googly-eyed buoy proves effective.11. What is the text mainly about?A. A group of researchers interested in seabirds.B. A way to help seabirds catch fish effectively.C. A device keeping seabirds safe from gillnets.D. A googly-eyed buoy guiding seabirds to hunt.DWhat do you think of 80s pop music? Do the names George Michael, Madonna and Michael Jackson sound familiar? Well, these are just some of the names that were well-known in the music scene of the 80s and early 90s. The 80s pop musicscene was an important step to the popularity (普及) of present-day music. A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular. Although it was an end to the old 60s and 70s styles, it was also the beginning of something big. The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.The most famous 80s pop music video is Michael Jackson’s Thriller. Introduced in 1982, few people can forgetthe video not only because of its never-be-foreseen images, but also because of the popularity it received. Think of how 80s pop music changed the lives of people who grew up in the 80s. Ask a young man today to tell you the names of the “New Kids on the Block” and he will start talking about the neighbor kids who just moved in. These are not the answers you might have heard in the 80s. Though today’s young men do not recognize how cool 80s pop music was, most people will always remember it for what it was and these are happy memories they will always love.Some of the 80s pop music legends (传奇人物) include Madonna, U2, AeroSmith and of course the King of Pop Michael Jackson. Let’s not forget Prince, Tina Turner, Phil Collins and Motown’s Lionel Ritchie. Some of these musicians played music that has stood the test of time. Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many more years to come.12. What is the text mainly about?A. The characters of 80s pop music.B. What made 80s pop music popular.C. 80s pop music’s steps to popularity.D. The effects of 80s pop music.13. 80s pop music mainly includes the following styles EXCEPT ________.A. guitar-based musicB. the MTVC. rap musicD. punk rock14. Michael Jackson’s Thriller impressed people so deeply mainly because ________.A. it changed the lives of peopleB. he sang it in a special styleC. it was made into a music videoD. it left people with happy memories15. The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers that ________.A. 80s pop music is and will remain popularB. 80s pop music has many faultsC. 80s pop music is now out of dateD. we shouldn’t forget the great musicians of the 80s第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年东莞市万江第二中学高三语文上学期期末考试试题及参考答案
2021年东莞市万江第二中学高三语文上学期期末考试试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面文章，完成文后各题天使的礼物刘继荣（1）黄昏，儿子一如既往地推我去广场散心。
二月的风变得暖起来，但是吹到脸上依然带着股寒意，就如我此刻的心境。
（2）刚坐上轮椅的时候，医生笑呵呵打趣，说我最多只能享用三周。
可是如今漫长的三个月过去了，我依然坐在轮椅上。
广播里正放着《吉祥三宝》，真羡慕那个丰腴健硕的妈妈，想必她到了80岁还能健步如飞吧？不像我，三十几岁就坐在轮椅上了。
（3）儿子兴致勃勃地问：“情人节送什么礼物好？”（4）我漫不经心作答：“那要看对方喜欢什么，如果是心爱的，一句话、一首歌也是好的。
”说完才觉惊骇，他刚上一年级，居然提出这么富有挑战性的问题，不禁想起上学期他曾说与一小女生相爱，我问，怎么爱？他答：“我们下课后一起在草坪里找灵芝草，给妈妈治病。
”现在，灵芝草没找到，居然懂得过情人节了。
（5）忽然间，在淡金的晚霞里，一首英文歌响起来，我不禁感慨：“人长耳朵，就为享受这样美的声音吧！”儿子动容。
（6）回家后，儿子替我按摩，他见过医生为我做按摩。
手法倒是学得有模有样，可力度远不够。
窗外传来孩子的笑闹声，我发现了儿子的心不在焉，顿时心生黯然，命他快快去玩。
（7）第二天黄昏，竟然又听到那首歌，是洒水车在唱，一时间，只觉得漫天繁花落了又开，连时光都淹没了。
回过神来，才发现儿子早出去了。
（8）钟点工临走时提醒我，说整个寒假儿子日日在闹市区出没。
那一带网吧颇多，里面未成年人也很多，要我千万管紧孩子，她说她的儿子就是在网吧里毁了的。
我心里百味杂陈，酝酿着如何同儿子谈。
（9）可儿子似乎总是很忙，没等我谈到正题，他就鱼一样溜了。
是的，外面春日融融，谁耐烦整日对着一张蜡黄的面孔呢！（10）每一次，听着楼道里咚咚远去的足音，每一步，都似踩在我心上。
想起从前他寸步不离地守候着我，小朋友叫去踢足球一概不理，如今，怯得连边都不肯沾了。
2021年东莞市万江第二中学高三语文模拟试卷及答案
2021年东莞市万江第二中学高三语文模拟试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
你有多重要孙道荣汽车进入了山区，山路崎岖不平，颠得人五脏六腑都要翻腾出来。
车上只有十几个乘客，坐在后几排的乘客，因为颠得吃不消，都挪到了前排。
他却主动移到了最后一排，五个座位连在一起，正好可以躺下。
他太需要休息了。
这段日子，工作丢了，谈了好几年的女朋友也吹了，整个人完全处在心灰意懒中，连续十几天吃不下睡不着，他觉得自己走到了人生的绝境，自己是那么渺小，存不存在都不重要。
此行，他想回老家看看父母，年迈的双亲培养出他这个大学生很不容易。
他决定在了断自己之前，再看一眼可怜的双亲。
汽车颠簸着前进，乘客都昏昏欲睡。
他也恍恍惚惚进入梦乡。
突然，在一阵剧烈的撞击后，汽车猛地停了下来。
所有的乘客，都被惊醒了，有人头撞在了前排椅子扶手上，有人被震碎的窗玻璃割伤，有人被抛出了座位，躺在后排的他，也被高高地弹起，又重重地摔了下来——出车祸了！车厢里，立即爆发出一片惊叫声、哭喊声。
一片混乱之后，大家你看看我，我看看你，虽然都有不同程度的撞伤，但看来都无大碍。
大家稍稍松了口气，探头窗外，看看到底发生了什么事情。
这一看，让他们惊出一身冷汗：车子悬在路边的半空中，晃晃悠悠，而下面，是一个峡谷！大家这才发现，车头车尾不在一个水平面！车头向下，尾巴翘起。
车内再次爆发出绝望的哭喊声，混乱之中，倾斜的汽车剧烈地摇晃，随时都可能坠落。
他看看身边，最后一排只有他一个人。
窗户开着，他轻轻移到窗前，看看外面。
还好，还有近半个车身挂在路牙上，只要从窗户跳出去，他就获救了，安全了。
他站起来，探身准备往外跳，可是，因为他的移动，车厢猛烈地颤动了一下。
他突然意识到，如果自己跳下去，整个汽车可能因为重心失衡而坠落。
前面的乘客发出惊呼：你不能跳，不然我们可就都完了！是的，他不能只顾自己跳出去，那将置一车人于死地。
可是，如果不马上跳出去，汽车可能随时坠落，那自己将与大家同归于尽。
2021年东莞市万江第二中学高三语文一模试卷及答案
2021年东莞市万江第二中学高三语文一模试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
知事下乡[法]都德知事先生出巡去了。
驭者导前，仆从随后，一辆知事衙门的四轮车，威风凛凛地，一直奔向那共阿非。
因为这一天，是个重要的纪念日，不比等闲，所以知事先生，打扮得分外庄严。
你看他身披绣花的礼服，头顶折叠的小冠，裤子两旁，贴着银色的徵带，连着一把嵌螺细柄的指挥刀，闪闪地在那里发光……在他的膝上，还安着一个皮面印花的大护书。
知事先生端坐四轮车内，面上堆着些愁容，只管向那皮面印花的大护书出神；他一路想，几时他到了那共阿非，见了那共阿非的百姓们，总免不了要有一番漂亮而动听的演说：“诸位先生，诸位同事们……”知事先生，把这两句话，周而复始地，足足念了二十余次：“诸位先生，诸位同事们……”可是总生不出下文。
忽然之间，抬头一望，瞥见了一丛小的槠树林，招展着树枝，在那里欢迎他，好像说：“快来，快来，知事先生，你不是要筹备演说吗？那么何不请到我们这树林下来，包管你要强得多……”知事先生，居然中了他的诱惑了。
他一面把他的意思，吩咐给仆人们；一面就从四轮车里，跳了下来，径自走进那小的槠树林里，去筹备他的演说。
在那小的槠树林里，有成群的鸟儿，在头上唱歌；有紫堇花，在旁边发香；还有那无数的清泉在草地上流……他们瞧见知事先生，和他一条这样体面的裤子，一个皮面的印花的护书、登时大起恐慌。
那些鸟儿们，一齐停止了歌唱；那泉儿，也不敢再作声了；那紫堇花们，更是急得低着头，向地下乱躲……知事先生，对于如此寂静而清凉的树林，心里着实赏识。
他撩起了衣裳，摘下了帽子。
在一块小槠树的草地上，舒舒服服地坐下，随手把他的皮面印花的护书，张开了放在膝上，又向那护书里面，抽出一张四六开的大纸。
“这竟是一位美术家呀！”那秀眼鸟先开口说。
“否，否，”接着说的是一只莺鸟，“这哪里会是美术家，你没看见他裤子上的徽带吗？照我来看，十之八九，还是一位贵族哩。
2023-2024学年广东省东莞市万江中学高二(下)三校联考物理试卷+答案解析
2023-2024学年广东省东莞市万江中学高二（下）三校联考物理试卷一、单选题：本大题共7小题，共28分。
1.万江中学校园设置了人脸识别测温终端，如图所示，它具有“人脸比对+体温检测”两种功能。
其中，测温原理是()A.电流的热效应B.无线电波传输信号C.红外线的热效应D.电磁感应2.“西电东输”是我国实现经济跨地区可持续快速发展的重要保证。
在输送功率一定的情况下，将输电电压提高为原来的3倍，则输电导线上的电能损失将减小为原来的()A. B. C. D.3.如图所示，一带电液滴在相互垂直的匀强电场和匀强磁场中刚好做匀速圆周运动，其轨道半径为R，已知电场的电场强度为E，方向竖直向下；磁场的磁感应强度为B，方向垂直纸面向里，不计空气阻力，设重力加速度为g，则下列说法正确的是()A.液滴带正电B.液滴所受合外力为零C.液滴受到重力、电场力、洛伦兹力、向心力作用D.液滴运动的速度4.如图所示，把一根柔软的弹簧悬挂起来，使它的下端刚好和槽中的导电液接触，按图示连接电路，通电后，会看到弹簧上下跳动，关于这个现象，下列说法正确的()A.弹簧上下跳动的原因是通电后弹簧受到电场力B.将电源的正、负极对调一下，弹簧的跳动现象将消失C.将滑动变阻器的滑片向右移动时，弹簧将跳动得更加明显D.若换一劲度系数更小的弹簧，保持其他因素不变，则弹簧将跳动得更加明显5.某种感温式火灾报警器如图1所示，其简化的工作电路如图2所示。
变压器原线圈接电压有效值恒定的交流电源。
副线圈连接报警系统，其中为热敏电阻，其阻值随温度的升高而减小，为滑动变阻器，为定值电阻。
当警戒范围内发生火灾，环境温度升高达到预设值时，报警装置图中未画出通过检测的电流触发报警。
下列说法正确的是()A.警戒范围内出现火情时，副线圈两端电压减小B.警戒范围内出现火情时，原线圈输入功率变小C.通过定值电阻的电流过高时，报警装置就会报警D.若要调低预设的报警温度，可增大滑动变阻器的阻值6.如图甲所示，一条南北走向的小路，路口设有出入道闸，每侧道闸金属杆长L，当有车辆通过时杆会从水平位置以角速度匀速转动直到竖起。
广东省东莞市石碣镇四海之星学校八年级语文下册6雪课件新人教版
水晶模样， 连续的晴天又使他成为不
知道算什么， 而嘴上的胭脂也褪尽
了。
mú
全部脱去
对塑雪罗汉的生动描写渗透了作 者什么感情？
• 对于南方冬天的美好回忆。
鲁迅哪篇文章还有关于塑雪罗汉的 描写？
• 《从百草园到三味书屋》
shuò
朗读： 北方
zhān
但是，朔方的雪花在纷飞之后，却永远
如粉，如沙，他们决不粘连，撒在屋上，地
《野草》创作时，正是蒋介石发动的“四.一 二”反命政变后，白色恐怖非常严重时期，现实 的环境特殊地严酷。在这部散文集中，鲁迅表现 了他对黑暗势力的反抗和斗争，也表现了他对美 好生活和光明未来的向往与追求，热烈赞颂现实 中的叛逆，不屈服的勇士。《野草》共收录了鲁 迅的散文诗句23篇,是1924年9月至1926年4月 在北京所作。
处女
• 那是还在隐约着的青春的消息，是 极壮健的处子的皮肤。雪野中的血 红的宝珠，白中隐青的单瓣梅花， 深黄的磬口的蜡梅花；雪下面还有 冷绿的杂草……
qìng 一种打击
乐器
那是还在隐约着的青春的消息，是 极壮健的处子的皮肤。 “隐约的青春的消息”和“极壮健的处 子的皮肤”分别形容江南的雪的什么特 点?
天宇下，闪闪地旋转升腾着的是雪
的精魂……
严寒刺骨
是的，那是孤独的雪，是死掉 的雨，是雨的精魂。
精神 ，灵魂
作者笔下的“朔方的雪”有什么 象征意义？
• 朔方的雪俨然是一个斗士，在孤独 而顽强地战斗，在战斗中他的灵魂 得到升华。
“江南的雪”和“朔方的雪”相比， 鲁迅更欣赏哪里的雪？
• 更欣赏“朔方的雪”。 • 江南的雪是美的，但它是温润的美；
鲁迅赞扬“朔方的雪”，却为什么 把“江南的雪”也写得那么美好？
万江二中高效课堂工程建设资料
万江二中高效课堂工程建设资料课题研究实施报告汇编万江二中教导处2014年3月10日目录一、构建“先学后教、核心循环、当堂达标”课堂教学模式的实施方案（何汉华）…………第 2 页二、基于目标教育下的“四精"课堂教学法的研究与实践（陈鉴辉） (14)三、“说—写"循环式语言输出训练促进初中生英语语言能力发展的实验研究（贾洪坤） (20)四、《运用参与式教学,提高思想品德课堂讲授有效性的研究》课题实施方案（尹晓平) (24)五、初中生课堂小组合作学习的行动研究课题(黎艳琴） (29)六、初中物理生活化实验课程资源的开发与整合（唐兆江） (31)七、信息技术课堂学生助手使用研究（龚晓华） (37)构建“先学后教、核心循环、当堂达标”课堂教学模式的实施方案一、本课题研究的背景、目的意义1、研究的背景(1)创新人才培养模式，打造高效课堂，提高教学效率，推进素质教育是二十一世纪时代发展的必然要求。
开展课堂教学模式研究，进行课堂教学改革是基础教育课程改革的必然要求。
（2）形势要求：东莞市政府把“高效课堂”工程列为推进我市教育现代化“十项工程”之一,课题研究结合东莞市教育局2012年关于推进中小学“高效课堂工程"建设的相关文件要求。
研究制定课堂教学模式是我校进一步提高教学质量的必要措施,是我校深入推进教改、促进内涵发展的要求。
(3) 我校目前教学现状：教学模式多数是“传递—接受式"，其结构是“讲一听一读一记一练"。
多数教师埋头苦干，教学理念落后；对教学研究“敬而远之",对教学环节优化,教学设计优化，教学方法优化,多数停留于传统，缺少创新；在课堂上，“一言堂”、“满堂灌”现象尤其严重，堂上合作探究及分组讨论处于表象；对学生学情学力缺乏深入研究,作业设计不科学，不是少而精，布置学生作业容量大；学生作业完成质量差，抄袭现象严重;生源类尖子生少，学困生多;教师教学观念的转变，教学方式的转变,学生学习方式的转变，都停留于现状，没有深入研究，没有下决心改变,没有找到对策，没有行动实践。
东莞初二试题及答案
东莞初二试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是东莞的著名景点？A. 松山湖B. 虎门炮台C. 深圳世界之窗D. 可园2. 东莞的市花是什么？A. 桂花B. 荷花C. 玫瑰D. 玉兰3. 东莞位于中国的哪个省份？A. 广东省B. 浙江省C. 江苏省D. 四川省4. 以下哪个选项不是东莞的特产？A. 荔枝B. 龙眼C. 丝绸D. 普洱茶5. 东莞的气候类型是什么？A. 热带雨林气候B. 亚热带季风气候C. 温带大陆性气候D. 寒带气候6. 东莞的车牌代码是什么？A. 粤AB. 粤BC. 粤SD. 粤Z7. 东莞的市树是什么？A. 榕树B. 松树C. 柳树D. 樟树8. 东莞的市鸟是什么？A. 白鹭B. 鸽子C. 麻雀D. 燕子9. 东莞的市歌是什么？A. 《东莞之歌》B. 《珠江之歌》C. 《东方之珠》D. 《春天的故事》10. 东莞的市花象征的意义是什么？A. 富贵B. 繁荣C. 纯洁D. 坚韧二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. 东莞是广东省下辖的地级市，位于珠江三角洲的______部。
2. 东莞的行政区划代码是______。
3. 东莞的市标是______。
4. 东莞的市花是______，象征着______。
5. 东莞的市树是______，象征着______。
三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）1. 简述东莞的历史沿革。
2. 东莞的经济发展特点是什么？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. 论述东莞在改革开放以来的经济发展成就。
2. 分析东莞的地理位置对其经济发展的影响。
参考答案：一、选择题1. C2. D3. A4. D5. B6. C7. A8. A9. A 10. B二、填空题1. 东2. 4419003. 东莞之光4. 玉兰，纯洁5. 榕树，坚韧三、简答题1. 东莞历史悠久，早在新石器时代就有人类活动。
秦朝时期设立番禺县，东莞地区属于番禺县。
唐朝时期，东莞地区开始有独立的行政区划。
广东省东莞市万江二中2023-2024学年九年级上学期月考物理试卷(10月份)(含解析)
2023-2024学年广东省东莞市万江二中九年级（上）月考物理试卷（10月份）一、单项选择题（本大题7小题，每小题3分，共21分）1．（3分）举重是我国多次在奥运赛场上摘金夺冠的传统强项。
就“抓举”而言，双手握杠发力上提，当杠铃被提到与胸同高时身体下蹲，双臂伸直支撑杠铃，起立推举完成最后动作，下列说法错误的是（ ）A．由①→②的过程中，运动员对杠铃做功B．由②→③的过程中，运动员对杠铃做功C．由①→③的过程中，杠铃克服重力做功D．完成③动作静止时，杠铃克服重力做功2．（3分）砖的制作工艺流传数千年，从晒制到烧制，从青砖到红砖，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．晒制泥坯时，泥坯温度越高含有的热量越多B．高温烧制时，通过热传递的方式改变砖块的内能C．烧制红砖时，燃料燃烧越充分，其热值越大D．在质地均匀的砖上雕刻花纹，砖的密度变小3．（3分）如图所示，在试管内装适量水，用橡胶塞塞住管口，橡胶塞被推出，管口出现大量“白气”。
下列说法正确的是（ ）A．管口出现的“白气”是水蒸气B．水蒸气推出橡胶塞导致水蒸气内能增加C．水被加热的过程中，其内能是通过做功的方式改变的D．水蒸气推出橡胶塞的过程中，橡胶塞的动能是由水蒸气的内能转化来的4．（3分）如图，大人和小孩分别将5块相同的砖从一楼搬到二楼，在这个过程中（ ）A．小孩对砖做功更多B．小孩对砖做功更快C．大人对砖做功更多D．大人对砖做功更快5．（3分）打篮球是很多同学喜爱的运动项目，某次打篮球过程中，篮球的部分运动轨迹如图所示（ ）A．篮球经过相同高度的B、C两点时，机械能相等B．篮球第一次反弹后到达最高点D时，动能为0C．篮球经过B、E两点时，动能可能相等D．篮球在整个过程中机械能守恒6．（3分）甲、乙两种机器所做的总功之比是2：3，机械效率之比是3：1，则它们所做的有用功之比（ ）A．2：3B．2：1C．2：9D．9：27．（3分）小华同学用如图甲所示的装置给冰加热。
2021届东莞市万江第二中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案解析
2021届东莞市万江第二中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhat are you waiting for? A new series of movies shown this year can’t be missed. Have you enjoyed them already?Frozen IIFrozen was the highest grossing (票房) animated film ever. In Frozen II Elsa, Anna, Olaf and Krist left off Arendelle to seek thesource of Elsa’s icy magic. Although the millions of children who loved the first film are older now, they might give it a reception.Last ChristmasA festive romantic comedy, Emilia Clarke stars in Last Christmas as Bridget Jonesy , a shop assistant, whose life in London is a mess, and Henry Golding as the eligible bachelor(黄金单身汉)who tidies it up. The film’s director, Paul Feig, and co-writer, Emma Thompson, promise that the film is worth expecting.A Beautiful Day in the NeighborhoodTom Hanks stars in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood as the only American celebrity(名人) more famous than he is. As the host of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood for more than 30 years, Fred Rogers is a legend of pre-school children’s television, which appeals to a large audience.Charlie’s AngelsHollywoodaction movies starring women are rare. But have you seen a movie starred, written and directed by women, too? Charlie’s Angels is one of the first. A reboot (翻拍) of the 1970s TV series, not to mention the two films from 2000 and 2003, the new version is directed by Elizabeth Banks. She also plays Bosley, one of the female detectives who are employed by Charles Townsend to go on global adventures.1. Which moviebecame the most popular cartoon film this year?A. Frozen II.B. Last Christmas.C. A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood.D. Charlie’s Angels.2. Which character works on a TV station?A. Krist.B. Emilia Clarke.C. Fred Rogers.D. Bosley.3. Which action movie was directed and starred by a woman?A. Frozen II.B. Last Christmas.C. A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood.D. Charlie’s Angels.BIn June, 2021, a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.The one-kilogram Win-Cube satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space“These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation (创新), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant, interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added.The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.4. What can we learn from Mr. Bjomson? .A. Those Manitoba high school students are worth praising.B. The study of space can be practically made in classrooms.C. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space.D. Scientific research is too far away from high school students.5. What is the primary purpose of the project ? .A. To find the early signs of earthquakes.B. To relate studies to practical.C. To help high school students study real-world engineering.D. To inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students.6. According to the passage, what can we know about the Win-Cube satellite? .A. It is named after Manitoba and its shape.B. It is intended for international communication.C. It is designed like a Rubik’s cube both in shape and size.D. It is challenged by university students around the world.7. What may be the best title for the passage?A. Manitoba SchoolB. Win-Cube ProgramC. Space Co-operationD. Satellite LaunchingCA Hug from a Teenage BoyFifteen years spent in the field of education have provided Nancy Marra with many treasured moments. One of the most endearing happened when she was teaching second grade.That year, she decided to plan something special for the children: a Mother’s Day tea. After all the preparations were made for it, each child took home an invitation.Nancywas surprised and relieved to see that every mother was planning to attend. She even invited her own mother.Finally, the day arrived. That afternoon, each child lined up at the classroom door expecting the arrival of his or her mom. As it got closer to starting time,Nancylooked around and her eyes quickly found Jimmy. His mother hadn’t shown up and he was looking upset.Nancytook her mother by the hand and walked over to Jimmy. “Jimmy,”Nancysaid, “I have a bit of a problem here and I was wondering if you could help out. Since I’m going to be really busy today, I was wondering if you could keep my mother company.”Nancy’s mom and Jimmy sat at a table with two other mother-child pairs. Jimmy servedNancy’s mom her treats, presented her with the giftNancyhad made, and pulled out and pushed in her chair, just as they had practiced the day before. WheneverNancylooked over, her mom and Jimmy were in deep conversation Ten years later,Nancywas at a high school to take a senior class on a field trip, and there was Jimmy. On theway back,Nancyhad the students complete an evaluation form of their trip. She collected and checked the forms one by one.When she came to Jimmy’s evaluation page, he had written, “Remember our Mother’s Day tea we had in second grade, Mrs. Marra? I do! Thanks for all you did for me, and thank your mother, too.”As they began unloading at the school, Jimmy made sure he was the last one to go.Nancytold him she really enjoyed what he had written. He looked rather embarrassed, mumbled (咕哝) his own thanks, and then turned to walk away. As the bus driverbegan pulling the bus away, Jimmy ran back and knocked on the bus door. He jumped back on board and gaveNancya big hug. “Thanks again, Mrs. Marra. No one even knew my mom didn’t make it that day!”She ended her workday with a hug from a teenage boy who had probably stopped hugging teachers years ago.8. Why was Jimmy paired withNancy’s mother?A. Nancy was too busy to spend time with her.B. Jimmy’s mother didn’t come to the event.C. Nancy wanted Jimmy to get to know her.D. Jimmy could get along well with her.9. Where did Jimmy meetNancyten years later?A. Near Jimmy’s high school.B. At a Mother’s Day tea.C. In Nancy’s classroom.D. On a field trip.10. How did Jimmy feel about whatNancyhad done for him?A. Upset.B. Embarrassed.C. Grateful.D. Satisfied.11. Which of the following best presents the theme of the passage?A. No act of kindness is ever wasted.B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.C. A mother’s hug lasts long after she lets go.D. The best teacher must be the best performer.DIn order to help discover spoilage and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers, researchers havedeveloped new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.One in threeUKconsumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date, but 60% of the £12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat.The researchers, whose findings were published in ACS Sensors, say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by date—a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable.The sensors cost two US cents each to make. Known as “paper-based electrical gas sensors (PEGS)”, they detect spoilage gases like ammonia (a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell) in meat and fish products. The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.The Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes onto a special type of paper. The materials are eco-friendly and harmless, so they don’t damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging. The sensors, combined with a tiny electronic system, then inform nearby mobile devices, which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases.Lead author Dr Firat Guder of Imperial’s Department of Bioengineering, said, “Although they’re designed to keep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They don’t always reflect its actual freshness. In fact, people often get sick from food-borne diseases due to poor storage, even when an item is within its use-by date.”“These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years. Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.”The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing, like sensing chemicals in agriculture, air quality, and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease.12. What is the function of PEGS according to the text?A. To improve the taste of foods.B. To improve the service of stores.C. To help supermarkets store foods.D. To help people test food freshness.13. What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning?A. It acts as an electronic nose.B. It reads the data collected by PEGS.C. It helps print the gas sensors onto paper.D. It discovers the spoilage gases from foods.14. What does Dr. Firat Guder say about use-by dates?A. They are not completely reliable.B. They can help reduce food waste.C. They are based on scientific research.D. They are not accepted by the consumers.15. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A. The process of researching spoilage sensors.B. A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste.C. The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing.D. The influence of use-by dates on supermarkets and consumers.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。