最新英国文化复习题
英国文学期末复习题目
I. Each of the following below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bet complete the statement.1. The long poem ______ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic.A. The Canterbury TalesB. Paradise LostC. The Song of BeowulfD. The Fairy Queen2. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ______.A. RomanticismB. RenaissanceC. medieval periodD. Anglo-Saxon period3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of____.A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales4. _______ is regarded as the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. John MiltonD. W. Wordsworth5. It is _____ alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Martin LutherC. William ShakespeareD. John Gower6. One of Chaucer’s main contributions to English poetry is ______.A. he introduced the rhymed stanzas from France to English poetryB. he created striking brilliant panorama of his time and his countryC. he wrote in blank verseD. he was the first to write sonnet7. During the Renaissance, _______ was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry.A. ChaucerB. John DonneC. Thomas WyattD. Earl of Surrey8. During the Renaissance, _______ wrote the first English blank verse.A. ChaucerB. Edmund SpencerC. Thomas WyattD. Earl of Surrey9. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement？A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman cultureB. The new discoveries in geography and astrologyC. The Glorious revolutionD. The religious reformation and the economic expansion10. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events. Which one of the following is NOT such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B. England’s domestic restC. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.11. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries.A. 14th...mid-17thB. 14th...mid-18thC. 16th...mid-18thD. 16th...mid-17th12. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is_______.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism13. _______ frequently applied conceits in his poems.A. Edmund SpenserB. John DonneC. William BlakeD. Thomas Gray14. _______ is known as “the poet’s poet”.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Edmund SpenserD. John Donne15. Romance，which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of____ adventures or other heroic deeds，is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. knightlyC. pilgrimsD. primitive16. ________ and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism.A. Edmund Spenser, Christopher MarloweB. Thomas More, Christopher MarloweC. John Donne, Edmund SpenserD. John Milton, Thomas More17. Among the following plays which is not written by Christopher Marlowe?A. Dr. FaustusB. The Jew of MaltaC. TamburlaineD. The School for Scandal18. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are _______.A. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and MacbethB. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Romeo and JulietC. Hamlet, Coriolanus, King Lear and MacbethD. Hamlet, Julius caesar, Othel lo and Macbeth19. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the line of one of Shakespeare’s ________.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets20. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” (Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to?A. LoverB. TimeC. SummerD. Poetry21. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18？A. The speaker eulogizes the power of NatureB. The speaker satirizes human vanityC. The speaker praises the power of artistic creationD. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation22. “Bassani Antonio，I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself；But life itself，my wife，and all the world，Are not with me esteem’d above thy life；I would lose all，ay，sacrifice them all，Here to the devil，to deliver you. Portia：Your wife would give you little thanks for that，ff she were by to hear you make the offer.” The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrateA. dramatic ironyB. personificationC. allegoryD. symbolism23. “The Fairy Queen” is the masterpiece written by____.A. John MiltonB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. Edmund SpenserD. Alexander Pope24. Which of the following work did Bacon NOT write?A. Advancement of LearningB. Novum OrganumC. De AugmentisD. Areopagitica25. The greatest of pioneers of English drama in Renaissance is _______, one of whose drama is “Doctor Faustus”.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Oscar WildeD. R. Brinsley Sheridan26. “Euphues” was written by ________, the style of the novel was called “Euphuism”.A. John BunyanB. John LylyC. John DonneD. John Milton27. The most famous dramatist in the 18th century is ______, who is famous for “The School for Scandal”.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Thomas GrayC. R. Brinsley SheridanD. G.eorge Bernard Shaw28. The most distinguished literary figure of the 17th century was ______, who was a critic, poet, and playwright.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. John DrydenC. John MiltonD. T. G. Coleridge29. The representative of the “Metaphysical” poetry is ______, whose poems are famous for his use of fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.A. John DonneB. John MiltonC. William BlakeD. Robert Burns30. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne’s poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet31. _____ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. The Canterbury TalesC. Paradise LostD. Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded32. The 18th century England is known as the ______ in the history.A. RenaissanceB. ClassicismC. EnlightenmentD. Romanticism33. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, who was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its s tructure and style?A. Thomas GrayB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Johathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding34. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “_______________”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. Best writer of the English novelB. The father of English novelC. The most gifted writer of the English novelD. conventional writer of English novel35. Among the pioneers of the 18th century novelists were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding and _______.A. Laurence SterneB. John DrydenC. Charles DickensD. Alexander Pope36. John Milton’s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of _____.A. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets37. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out____，both in theory and practice，to write specifically a “ ______ in prose,” the first to giv e the modern novel its structure and style. (Refer to 19)A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic38. Besides Sheridan, another great playwright in the 18th century is ______.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Thomas GrayC. T. G. SmolletD. Laurence Sterne39. She Stoops to Conquer was written by _____.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. R. Brinsley SheridanC. John DrydenD. George Bernard Shaw40. The middle of the 18th century was predominated by a newly rising literary form, that is the modern English ______, which gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.A. proseB. short storyC. novelD. tragicomedy41. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy，wild，low and despicable creatures，who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways42. The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence ona lonely island reflects ____.A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrats’ disillusionment of the harsh social reality43. Gothic novels are mostly stories of_____, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.A. love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs44. “The father of English novel” is __________.A. Henry FieldingB. Daniel DefoeC. Jonathan SwiftD. John Donne45. The greatest Scottish poet in the pre-romanticism is ________.A. William WordsworthB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Thomas GrayD. Robert Burns46. _______ is written by William Blake, a great poet in the pre-romanticism.A. The Songs of InnocenceB. Reliques of Ancient English poetryC. Songs and SonnetsD. Kubla Khan47. The Rights of Man, a pamphlet, was written by ______, in which he advocated that politics was the business of the whole mass of common people and not only of a government oligarchy.A. John MiltonB. Jonathan SwiftC. Robert BurnsD. Thomas Paine48. William Wordsworth，a romantic poet，advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech49. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”？A. “I fall upon the tho rns of life！I bleed！”B. “They are both gone up to the church to pray.”C. “Earth has not anything to show more fair.”D. “Beauty is truth，truth beauty.”50. “If Winter comes，can Spring be far behind.” is an epigrammatic line by___.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley51. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the______ of art and the____ of human passion.A. glory，uglinessB. permanence, transienceC. transience，sordidnessD. glory，permanence52. One of the great essay writers of the early 19th century is ______.A. Jane AustenB. Charles LambC. Walter ScottD. George Eliot53. Tales form Shakespeare was written by _____.A. Charles LambB. William HazlittC. Charles Lamb and Mary LambD. Wordsworth and Coleridge54. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of _______ and pathos.A. humorB. satireC. passionD. metaphor55. In Chapter III of Oliver Twist, Oliver is punished for that “impious and profane offence of asking for more”. What did Oliver ask for more?A. More time to playB. More food to eatC. More books to readD. More money to spend56. In ____ ’s hands, “dramatic monologue” reaches its maturity and perfection.A. Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC. William ShakespeareD. George Eliot57. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first ______ heroine.A. explorerB. peasantC. workerD. governess58. The three trilogies of _____ ’s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.A. John GalswortryB. Arnold BennettC. James JoyceD. H. G. Wells59. The Victorian Age was largely an age of________ eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. prose60. The title of Alfred Tennyson’s poem “Ulysses” reminds the reader of the following EXCEPT_________.A. the Trojan WarB. Homer’s OdysseyC. adventures over the seaD. religious quest61. The work ____ written by Alfred Tennyson was about the question of higher education of women.A. Crossing the BarB. The PrincessC. Break, Break, BreakD. Ulysses62. The bard of imperialism was ____, who glorified the colonial expansion of Great Britain in his works.A. R. L. StevensonB. Rudyard KiplingC. H. G. WellsD. Daniel Defoe63. The Dynasts was a gigantic epic drama written by ______.A. George Bernard ShawB. Thomas HardyC. Oscar WildeD. John Galsworthy64. The major concern of____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his character sand in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. D. H. Lawrence’sB. J. Galsworthy’sC. W. Thackeray’sD. T. Hardy’s65. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of_______, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. propertyB. justiceC. moralityD. humor66. _____is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare，and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A. Richard SheridanB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Oscar WildeD. George Bernard Shaw67. “Art for art’s sake” was put forth by ______.A. aestheticismB. naturalismC. realismD. neo-romanticism68. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT________.A. DublinersB. Jude the ObscureC. A portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. UlyssesII. Fill in the blanks with correct information1. Angles, ___, and ___ were the Teutonic tribes came from the northern continent.3. The long poem _________ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic.4. Grendel, a monster half-human, appeared in the story of ______.6. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon Period falls into two kinds—___ and ___.7. The 3182-line The Song of Beowulf can be divided into two parts with a(n) _____ between the two and the whole song is essentially ___ in spirit and matter.8. The songs and poems in the Anglo-Saxon period were written in the style of ______ as could be seen from The Song of Beowulf.10. The greatest influence made by the Normans in England is on ___ and ____.11. The most popular literary form in the Anglo-Norman period was _____, in which the central character was _____.12. Sir Gawain and Green Knight employs the form of ____________.13. The story of Sir Gawain and Green Knight is the culmination of the ___________.15. Apart from original poems, Chaucer translated various works of French authors; among them is the famous _______________ and The House of Fame.16. The one who propose the story-telling in The Canterbury Tales is the _____________.17. Geoffrey Chaucer is considered the “________” and is one of the greatest narrative poets of England.18. “The father of English poetry” is ______.20. The pilgrims described in The Canterbury Tales met at _____ in Southwark, a suburb of London.22. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is written in the style of ______ instead of alliteration in the Anglo-Saxon period.23. A ballad is written in _________stanzas with the second and fourth lines rhymes.24. Most of English ballads were collected in the 18th century and one of the famous ballads is ___.26. The Canterbury Tales opens with a _________ where are told of a group of vivid sketches ofa company of pilgrims that gathered at _________ in Southwark, a suburb of London.29. One of the striking features of Renaissance is the keen interest in the life and activities of human. So the arose _____— which was the keynote of the Renaissance.31. The story of Utopia was written by in two books, in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s sufferings in the first book and put forward his ideal future happy society—_____ in the second book.32. The one who first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama is _________33. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama is _______.34. The difference of Earl of Surrey’s contribution to English poetry from that of Thomas Wyatt lies in that Surrey wrote the first English _________ while Thomas Wyatt was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.35. English Renaissance period was an age of _________and _________.38. The title “poet’s poet” is given to Edmund Spencer.39. _________ wrote The Faerie Queene.41. The greatest epic poem of the 16th century was _____ written by ______.45. William Shakespeare is a poet, playwright and an actor.49. The Renaissance, which began in the _________century in Italy, was a great cultural and ideological movement that swept the whole of Europe. All in all, the chief characteristic of the Renaissance literature is the expression of secular values with men instead of God as the center of the universe.50. Francis Bacon was praised by Marx as “the progenitor of English Materialism”.51. William Shakespeare produced _________ plays, two _____, and 154 sonnets.52. Sonnet is a poem of 14 lines Iambic pentameter. It mainly has two types and the Shakespearean has three quatrains plus _________—often rhymed as _________.53 Shakespeare’s main tragedies were written during the second period of gloom and depression which dated from 1601 to 1608. His main tragedies are: “_________”, “_________”, “_________”, and “_________”. All of these plays show the struggle and conflicts between good and evil of the time, between justice and injustice.55. John Milton wrote his masterpieces _________, _________, and _________ after blindness.56. Paradise Lost presents the author’s views in the form of _____ and _____ and the poetic style of ____ and presents the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for _____.57. In Paradise Lost, _________ tempts Eve to eat an apple from the forbidden tree.60. _________ is a character in Paradise Lost with a strong desire for freedom.61. _________Poetry is characterized by fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.62. “Conceit” is a term applied in particular to the _________.65. The Pilgrims Progress is the masterpiece of _____, written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of ____ and ____, in which the main character is ____.66. The Revolution period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, whose name is _________and an important prose wrier, _________.68. In The Pilgrims Progress, Christian makes his way to the Holy city with two objects: ____ and ___.72. John Dryden, critic, poet, and playwright, was the most distinguished literary figure in the Restoration.73. The Enlightenment was a progressive _________ movement, which first began in France and had a wide impact throughout Europe in the 18th century.74. People in the 18th century believed in reason.76. Jonathan Swift wrote the famous story _________ and the famous pamphlet “A Modest Proposal” on Ireland in the style of satire.86. Daniel Defoe’s famous navel was ________.87. The main literary stream of the 18th century was _________.92. In the last adventure, Gulliver came to a country where horses were possessed of reason while Yahoos were brute beasts.88. _________was considered as the “father of English novel”.89. _________ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly in the novels of Laurence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith.90. The appearance and development of sentimentalism marked the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite, _________.95. Among his other contributions to the theory and practice of prosody, _____ made popular the so-called heroic couplets.97. Thomas Gray wrote the famous poem _________, which was considered “the best known poem in the English language”.100. In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of Pre-romanticism were William Blake and _________.103. “The poet of the peasants” is a title given to the great est Scottish poet _________.105. Robert Burns is famous for his poetry written in _________ dialect.111. The watchwords of the French Revolution are _________, ______, and________.112. The English Romanticism began with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written in collaboration by _________and _________.113. Romanticism extended from 1798 when _________was published and in 1832 when _________ died.116. “The Lake Poets” include Wordsworth, _________ , Southey.120. In the revised version of _________, Wordsworth held that poetry is the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling”.10. William Makepeace Thackeray was another important writer in the 19th century, whose novels mainly contained a satirical portrayal of _______.14. In the novel _________, Dr. Manette is a typical bourgeois intellectual. He sympathizes with the poor and defends the oppressed people, but feels terrified before the fire of revolution.15. The two cities in A Tale of Two Cities written by _________ are London and Paris.18. The main female character in Vanity Fair written by ______ is Rebecca Sharp.19. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was borrowed by ____ from The Pilgrims Progress written by ____.20. The subtitle of Vanity Fair is _______.27. Both Jane Eyre by _____ and Wuthering Heights _____ brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion.28. Wuthering Heights deals with a story of love and violence.38. Robert Browning’s style was highly individual and often more intent on meaning than on form.44. The end of the 19th century is a period of struggle between realistic trend and anti-realistic trend in art and literature (, the latter reflected the crisis of bourgeois culture at the period of imperialism).49. The important writer who started as a poet and ended as a poet is _________51. _________believes that man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature”, both inside and outside.52. The writer who figured his hometown—the Wessex country in his works is _____.55. “A Pure Woman(Faithfully Presented)” is the subtitle of the novel ______.III. Give answers to the following questions.1. How do you understand “To be, or not to be”? Give your evidence to support your ideas.2. Why did Hamlet delay in revenging for his father’s death? Give evidence to support your idea.3. What are Chaucer’s contributions to English literature?4. Analyze Shakespeare’s contributions to English literature.5. What is the theme o f “Paradise Lost”?6. What is the image of Satan in Paradise Lost?7. What are the characteristics of metaphysical poetry?8. Give an analysis of the significance of Preface to Lyrical Ballads?9. What does “She” (referring to Lucy) in “She Dwelt Among the Untroden Ways” imply?10. What does “West Wind” mean in Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind?11. Give an analysis of Keats and his works.12. What are Austen’s writing features Jane Austen?13. Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “Novel without a Hero”? Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “ Novel without a Hero”?14. What is your opinion on the character Rebecca Sharp?15. What does the subtitle “A Pure Woman” of the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles mean?16. Give a brief analysis of the character—Tess.17. What are the major contributions made by the 19th century critical realists?18. What is Paul’s relation with three women in Sons and Lovers?。
英国文化复习题
英国文化复习题1)请大家结合所发材料及上课内容把这些习题所在的知识点掌握；不要去死记硬背，尤其不要把答案带到考场，被抓到舞弊，后果自己负责；2)简答题希望同学们自己去看材料并做出总结，不要背别人写好的，如果两位同学考试时答案完全一致，都不能得到该题分数。
写得不好无所谓，我最看重的是大家良好的学习态度；3)古希腊一章主要涉及的是哲学和戏剧这部分，这里我没有给复习题，希望大家自己再去看看所发材料；4)基督教这章我们不做要求；5)希望大家结合复习题，再认真阅读本学期《英国文化》所学知识，毕竟我们学习不是完全为了考试；I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false:1. Britain is no longer an imperial country. T2. The Commonwealth of Nations include all European countries. F3. 1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity. F4. The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied the majority of the British people. T5. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales. F6. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F7. When people outside UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T8. The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F9. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T10. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called "Gaelic". F11. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means. T12. Wales is rich in coal deposits. T13. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F14. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F15. Ireland is part of Great Britain. F16. "Ulster", referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish kingdom. T17. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F18. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. F19. The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited the British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T20. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. T21. The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F22. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. T23. It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world. F24. In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution, in contrast to France and the U.S. T25. The oldest institution of government according to the text is the Monarchy. T26. The divine right of kings means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F27. While the King in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute power. F28. The term "parliament" was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns. F29. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T30. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F31. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. T32. In the U.K., a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. T33. The parliament can call an election sooner than five years. F34. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. T35. Each main party is given some time on national TV to "sell" their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party. F36. The amount spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. T37. The campaigns are not simply about telling people how good your policies are, but also about telling them how bad your opponents are. T38. Secrecy is not an important part of the voting process. F39. The counting of votes run over a period of a few days. F40. There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text. F41. Liberal Democratic Party is the newest of the major national parties. F42. By the 1880's the British economy was dominant in the world. T43. Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. F44. In World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the U.S. and France. F45. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947. T46. In the 1970's, with the souring price of oil and high rates of inflation, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour Party had to step down from the government. T47. The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher started a series of reforms. An extensive programme of privatization was carried out but she did not succeed in saving the British economy. F48. Tertiary industries include banking, insurance, tourism, agriculture and the selling of goods.F49. Britain has a large sector of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth. F50. According to the text, the tertiary industry produces approximately 2/3 of the national wealth.T51. The service industry in the U.K. employs 70% of the total work force. T52. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and other basic skills but also to socialize children. T53. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children aretaught. F54. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in school and universities. F55. The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities "meritocratic".T56. The public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government.F57. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government. T58. In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. TII. Choose the correct answer to each of the following.1.__________ is not considered a characteristic of London.(a) The cultural centre(b) The business centre(c) The financial centre(d) The sports centre2. ________________ is not true about the characteristics of Britain.(a) Economic differences between north and south(b) Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales(c) Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker(d) Cultural differences between immigrants and the British3. _______________ can not be found in London.(a) Teahouses(b) Galleries(c) Museums(d) Theatres4. Which of the following is not true about Britain?(a) It used to be an imperial country in the world.(b) It plays an active role as a member of European Union.(c) It is a relatively wealthy and developed country.(d) It used to be one of the superpowers in the world.5. Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the exception?(a) London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country.(b) London has a larger population than all other cities in England.(c) London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.(d) London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.6. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by___________.(a) King Harold(b) Robin Hood(c) Oliver Cromwell(d) William the Conqueror7.________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(a) The Anglo-Saxons(b) The Normans(c) The Vikings(d) The Romans8. __________ is the largest city in Scotland.(a) Cardiff(b) Edinburgh(c) Glasgow(d) Manchester9. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century?(a) They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.(b) They felt it necessary to develop their own industry.(c) They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion.(d) They had to do it in order to resist the English.10. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?(a) In the Highlands.(b) In the Lowlands.(c) In the Uplands.(d) In the west of Scotland.11. Which of the following statements is not true?(a) Wales was invaded by the Romans.(b) Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons.(c) Wales was conquered by the Normans.(d) Wales was threatened by the English.12. Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland?(a) The Labour Party.(b) The Liberal Party.(c) The Scottish Nationalist Party.(d) The Conservative Party.13. Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments ________.(a) In 1715(b) In 1688(c) In 1745(d) In 170714. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism because___________.(a) he became the first Prince of Wales in 1267(b) he brought the English under his control(c) he led a historic uprising against the English(d) he unified Wales as an independent nation15. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because___________.(a) they wanted to increase its control over Ireland(b) they had too many people and didn't have enough space for them to live in(c) they intended to expand their investment(d) they believed that Ireland was the best place for them16. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street. They came first___________.(a) to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland(b) to protect the Catholic people(c) to protect the Protestant people(d) to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social order17. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for___________.(a) its most famous landmark, the "Giant's Causeway"(b) its rich cultural life(c) its low living standards(d) its endless political problems18. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organised a partition of Ireland, because___________.(a) the British government wouldn't be able to control Ireland any longer by force(b) the British government intended to satisfy both sides─Catholics as well as Protestants(c) Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland(d) Protestants welcomed the idea of partition19. Which of the following statements is not true?(a) Sinn Fein is the legal political Party in Northern Ireland.(b) Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.(c) Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political Party in Britain.(d) Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.20. In the early 1970s, the IRA___________.(a) killed many Protestants and Catholics(b) burned down the houses of Catholics(c) murdered individuals at random(d) carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target21. 1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because___________.(a) 13 Catholics were shot dead by the police(b) 468 people were killed in Northern Ireland(c) the government carried out a policy known as "internment"(d) Bloody killing of 468 people fortified Catholic opposition to the British presence in Northern Ireland22. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with "direct-rule" from London?(a) The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.(b) The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.(c) The Power-Sharing policy couldn't be carried out.(d) All the above.23. Which of the following statements is not true?(a) In 1981, some convicted IRA prisoners went on a hunger-strike.(b) They demanded for the status of being "political prisoners" by starving themselves.(c) Margaret Thatcher's government gave in to their political demand.(d) The death of prisoners revitalized the political movement of Sinn Fein.24. How many counties do you know there are in Northern Ireland?(a) 26.(b) 6.(c) 32.(d) 20.25. Which of the following is not characteristic of British government?(a) It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.(b) It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.(c) It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.(d) It has no written form of Constitution.26. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?(a) James I.(b) James II.(c) Charles I.(d) Charles II.27. What happened in 1215?(a) It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.(b) Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.(c) Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.(d) King Egbert united England under his rule.28. Which of the following is not true about the Great Council?(a) They included barons and representatives from counties and towns.(b) They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money.(c) They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet.(d) They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.29. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?(a) James II.(b) William of Orange.(c) Oliver Cromwell.(d) George I.30. Which of the following is not true about the Constitution?(a) It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government.(b) It is the foundation of British governance today.(c) Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.(d) The common laws are part of the Constitution.31. Which of the following about the Parliament is not true?(a) There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.(b) Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.(c) Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.(d) Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.32. Which of the following about the Queen is not true?(a) The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.(b) The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the British state.(c) The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.(d) The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.33. Which of the following about the House of Lords is not true?(a) Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.(b) It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.(c) The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.(d) Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.34. Which of the following about the House of Commons is not true?(a) Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.(b) MPs receive salaries and some other allowances.(c) MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.(d) Most MPs belong to the major political parties.35. Which group of people can not vote in the general election?(a) Members in the House of Commons.(b) Lords in the House of Lords.(c) The UK citizens above the age of 18.(d) The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.36. By whom is a "vote of no confidence" decided?(a) The House of Commons.(b) The House of Lords.(c) The two major parties.(d) The Prime Minister.37. Which of the following is not true about the electoral campaigns?(a) Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television.(b) There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their constituency campaign.(c) Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.(d) Candidates criticize each other's policies to show how good their own policies are.38. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?(a) 651.(b) 326.(c) 626.(d) 351.39. Which of the following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to the poorer people in the society?(a) The Conservative party.(b) The Liberal Democrats.(c) The Party of Wales.(d) The Labour party.40. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is not true?(a) It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.(b) It prefers policies that protect individual's rights.(c) It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.(d) It is known as a party of high taxation levels.41. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979?(a) The Conservative government.(b) The Liberal government.(c) The Labour government.(d) The radical government.42. Which period of time in British history was described as "private affluence and public squalor"?(a) The 1940s.(b) The 1970s.(c) The 1980s.(d) The 1990s.43. Which of the following about the "poll tax" is not true?(a) It was introduced by the Conservative government.(b) It was introduced by the Labour government.(c) It was an attempt to change local government taxes.(d) It was criticized by many citizens.44. Who is the leader of the Labour party at present?(a) John Major.(b) Tony Blair.(c) Harold Wilson.(d) Margaret Thatcher.45. Which of the following statements about the UK economy is not true?(a) Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.(b) Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.(c) There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.(d) Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.Answer:46. Which of the following was not the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945?(a) Britain did not invest in modern equipment and new products.(b) Britain spent a high proportion of its national wealth on the military.(c) Britain had been heavily in debt to finance the war.(d) Britain had carried out the nationalisation of the businesses.47. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?(a) Beef cattle.(b) Dairy cattle.(c) Chicken.(d) Sheep.48. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?(a) In the southeast of England.(b) In the northeast of England.(c) In the southeast of Scotland.(d) In the northeast of Scotland.49. Which of the following is not a company in the energy sector?(a) Shell.(b) ICI.(c) RTZ.(d) British Gas.50. Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK?(a) Ford.(b) Peugeot.(c) Rover.(d) BMW.51. In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?(a) The U.S. and Germany.(b) The U.S. and Russia.(c) Germany and Russia.(d) France and Russia.52. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War?(a) Imperial Airways.(b) British Airways.(c) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.(d) The British Aircraft Corporation.53. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937?(a) He invented the first jet plane.(b) He developed the first jet engine.(c) He made the first powered flight.(d) He made the trans-Atlantic flight.54. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?(a) Boeing.(b) Rolls Royce.(c) McDonnel-Douglas.(d) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.55. British Aerospace was the merger of which two companies?(a) The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.(b) The British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls Royce.(c) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC Avionics.(d) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce.56. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to___________.(a) private schools(b) independent schools(c) state schools(d) public schools57. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16___________.(a) can legally receive partly free education(b) can legally receive completely free education(c) can not receive free education at all(d) can not receive free education if their parents are rich58. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called___________.(a) General Certificate of Education—Advanced(b) General Certificate of Secondary Education(c) the common entrance examination(d) General National V ocational Qualifications59. _____________ is a privately funded university in Britain.(a) The University of Cambridge(b) The University of Oxford(c) The University of Edinburgh(d) The University of Buckingham60. Which of the following is not true?(a) Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.(b) Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.(c) Parents send their children to public schools because their children can have a better chance of getting into a good university.(d) Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools.61. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Open University?(a) It's open to everybody.(b) It requires no formal educational qualifications.(c) No university degree is awarded.(d) University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect.62. In the examination called "the 11 plus", students with academic potential go to ___________.(a) grammar schools(b) comprehensive schools(c) public schools(d) technical schools63. Which of the following is not included in the National Curriculum?(a) Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.(b) Children must sit in A-level exams.(c) Children must pass national tests.(d) Teachers must teach what they are told.64. Which of the following is not true about the British education system?(a) It's run by the state.(b) It's funded by the state.(c) It's supervised by the state.(d) It's dominated by the state.65. _________________ would admit children without reference to their academic abilities.(a) Comprehensive schools(b) Secondary schools(c) Independent schools(d) Grammar schoolsⅢ.Topics for Discussion1. What was the British Empire? What do you know about it? In what way is the Empire still felt in Britain and in the international field?2. Why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the British people with a few simple phrases?3. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland? How did Scotland become part of the union of Great Britain?4. Describe characteristics of Wales and Wales' unification with Great Britain.5. Are there any differences between England, Scotland and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?6. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?7. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?8. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.9. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?10. What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?11. How did the doctrine of the "divine right of kings", according to the author, lead to the English Civil War? What do you know about the causes of the English Revolution in the 17th century?12. What is the history of English parliament? What role did the parliament play in the Civil War?13. Discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the British constitution.14. Why does the author say that parliament is supreme in the British state? What functions does parliament have? What role does the Queen ( King ) and the Prime Minister play in British government?15. What kind of institution is the House of Lords? What role does it play in British government?16. Who can stand for election as an MP in the UK? Why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?17. What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?18. What are some of the recent political trends in the UK? Are these trends more democratic or undemocratic? What is the author's opinion?19. The author says that John Major's conservatives remain unpopular in 1997. What reasons does the author give for this political situation?20. Please define "absolute decline and relative decline" in the UK economy. How does the authorexplain the reasons for the absolute decline and relative decline?21. What did the Conservative Party under Mrs. Margaret Thatcher promise to do to the UK national economy in 1979? The word "reform" in the national economy was also popular when Mrs. Margaret Thatcher formed the government and decided to change the UK economy. What was her radical reform program? Was the program successful according to the author?22. What are the three main areas in national economies? Describe the development of each of the three areas in the UK economy.23. The author believes that Britain, like most developed economics, has seen a relatively shrinking of the importance of secondary industry and a spectacular growth in tertiary or service industries. Why is it so? Do you see a similar growth in tertiary industries in China in the past 20 years? How is this growth related to the reform and opening up to the outside world?24. What are the purposes of the British education system? Please comment on these purposes. What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?25. How does the British education system reflect social class?26. What are the major changes that have taken place since World War II? Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality? Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points.27. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist?28. What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of this system?。
英国文学练习题1
英国文学练习题1Exercises for English literature （1）I. Fill in the blanks.（25%）1. The Old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the_________poetry and the_________poetry.2. _________ is regarded as the "Father of English Song", the first known religious poet of England.3. In the second half of the 7th century, the first English poet, _________ by name, began to sing.4. The history of English literature begins in the__________ century.5._________, the first English poem, still intact as a whole piece today, is the greatest epic ever left by the ancient Germanic tribes and the most ancient ever since the demise of the Greek and Roman literatures6.It was __________ who decided that literature should be written in the vernacular or Old English.7.__________ is the first English poet ever to sign his composition8._________made the translation of the Bible from the Latin Vulgate Version into Middle English, the firstattempt ever to translate the Holy Scripture into English.9.The most important work of Alfred the Great is _________, which is regarded as the best monument of the OldEnglish Prose.10.__________ is the most prevailing literary form in the Middle Ages.11.The most magnificent prose work of the 15th century is Morte d' Arthur concerning with _________legend.12.Critics tend to divide Chaucer's literary career into three periods: the___________period, the__________periodand the_________period.13.Among the Middle English poets, three are the greatest. One is the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.The other two are _________ and____________14._________ was the first most significant poet in English history to write in Middle English.15.The Canterbury Tales contains the________ and 24 tales, four of which are fragments.16._________ is the author of Decameron, which has the similar way of telling stories to that of The CanterburyTales.17.The framework in The Canterbury Tales is a__________18.When Chaucer died in 1400, he was the first to be buried in Westminster Abbey and founded ________19.________, the first English printer, brought the technique of printing from movable type into England fromItaly.20.The Elizabethan age was one in which Renaissance t ransformed from Chaucer’s_____England intoShakespeare’s _______ one.21.The translation of the Homeric classics, Iliad and Odyssey, won _______ the title “a translator of the prince ofpoets”22.Thomas Wyatt, the first great Englsih sonneteer, introduced the ______ into England. He first used a couplet for the conclusion of sonnets---a practice followed by Shakespeare.23.Henry Howard, Earl of Surry, brought the _______ intoEnglish poetry in his translation of Virgils’ The Aenied, and it became the standard meter for Elizabethan and later poetic drama.24.Edmund Spenser is often referred to as "the poets' _______" because of his considerable influence on later poets.25.The word “euphemism” comes from John Lyly’s _________26.As a sonnet sequence, Sidney’s sonnet cycle ______________ was probably the first of its kind ever to appear in English literary history.27.The drama had gone through a number of phases over the centuries including those of the ____, the _____, the _______, the _______ and the _______drama.28.________ is considered the first great English dramatist and the most important Elizabethan playwright beforeShakespeare.29.Shakespeare's 154 sonnets fall into two series: one series are addressed to W. H, a young man, and the otheraddressed to a________30.A Shakespearean sonnet is composed of three four-line quatrains and a concluding two-line________31. The second period of English Renaissance is also called the________ period or the Age of________32. Soon after the ________was introduced by the Earl of Surrey in his translation of Virgil's The Aeneid, and it became the standard meter for Elizabethan and later poetic drama.33. Shakespeare's plays have been traditionally divided into four categories according to dramatic type: histories, _______ , tragedies and___________34. Though written in the form of an________, the characters in The Pilgrim's Progress impress the readers like real persons. The places in it are English scenes, and the conversations which enliven his narratives vividly repeat the language of the writer's time.35. The poems of John Donne belong to two categories: the _______ , and the___________ later.36. John Donne is the founder of the school of ____________. His works are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.37. Because of the success of Paradise Lost, John Milton produced in 1671 another epic,________38. John Milton's Paradise Lost opens with the description ofa meeting among the fallen angels, and ends with the departure of _______ and___________from the Garden of Eden.39. The most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration Period was John Dryden, poet, _______ , and playwright.40. Paradise Lost is a long epic. The stories are taken from___________ .41. The Pilgrim's Progress tells of the spiritual pilgrimage of Christian, who flies form City of Destruction, and finally comes to the Delectable Mountains and the_____________42. Pamela is written in the form of a __________novel.43.____________ written by Sheridan is a clever satire on the sentimental and pseudo-romantic fancies of many young women of the upper classes of the 18th century.44. The biography of Samuel Johnson entitled Life of Johnson is frequently considered the best in the English language. The author of the book is_________45. The only important English dramatist produced in the18th century is___________46. Friday is a character in the novel___________.47__________is called the Father of the English Novel.48. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, ______ was the first to introduce rationalism to England.49. The 18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of_________50. __________is Alexander Pope's best satirical poem. Its satire is directed at Dullness in general.II. Choose the best answer.（23%）1.Beowulf is a ________ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society.A. paganB. ChristianC. romanticD. lyric2.Caedmon's life story is vividly described in _______ 's Historic Ecclesiastica .A. GrendelB. BedeC. CynewulfD. Beowulf3.In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called_________A. heroic coupletB. quatrainC. Spenserian stanzaD. terza rima4.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of themedieval English society and created a whole gallery of vividcharacters from all walks of life is most likely________A. William Langland's Piers the PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower's Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight5.In the English Renaissance period, scholars began to emphasize the capacities of the human mind and the achievements of human culture. The most significant intellectual movement was______A. the ReformationB. geographical explorationsC. humanismD. the Italian revival6.Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia was a long _________ written in an elaborately artful prose.A. pastoral eclogueB. pastoral lyricC. pastoral romanceD. pastoral drama7.Sir Philip Sidney is known for the following three works EXCEPT__________A. ArcadiaB. Astrophel and StellaC. The Shepherd's CalendarD. Apology for Poetry8.The following playwrights belong to the "university wits", EXCEPT_________A. John LylyB. Ben JonsonC. Thomas KydD. Christopher Marlowe9.Which is NOT the works of Christopher Marlowe?A. LycidasB. Tamburlaine the GreatC. The Jew of MaltaD.The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus10.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is one of Christopher Marlowe's best works in which Dr. Faustus seeks ________ no matter at what cost and finally meets his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.A. moneyB. immoralityC. knowledgeD. political power11.Which of the following plays does NOT belong to Shakespeare's great tragedies?A. OthellloB. MacbethC. Romeo and JulietD. Hamlet12.Which of the following plays does NOT belong to Shakespeare's comedies?A. Heary VB. The Merchant of VeniceC. A Midsummer Night's DreamD. The Winter's Tale13.An important variety of ode in the 16th century was________ , a poem in praise of marriage, conventionally following the course of the wedding day.A. hymnB. epithalamionC. odeD. ballad14.Which of the following poetic forms is the principal form of Shakespeare's dramas?A. lyricB. sonnetC. blank verseD. quatrain15.5. "Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested" is foundin_________ A. Francis Bacon's "Of Studies" B. Thomas More's Utopia C. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress D. Fielding's Tom Jones16.6. In Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylockbecause__________A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB. his enterprise went bankruptC. Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD. his ships had all been lost17.The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" is the beginning line of one ofShakespeare's____________A. comediesB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. histories18.8. John Dryden's tragedy All for Love deals with the samestory as ___________ 's Antony and Cleopatra.A. William ShakespeareB. John MiltonC. Christopher MarloweD. John Bunyan19.9. In John Milton's Paradise Lost, Adam and Eve are forbidden to eat the fruit of the Tree of Knowledgeof___________A. Love and HateB. Good and EvilC. Faith and BetrayalD. Sense and Sensibility20.10. Which of the following novels by Henry Fielding satirizes the politicalsystem of England and the then Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole?A. Joseph AndrewsB. Jonathan Wild the GreatC. The History of T om Jones, a FoundlingD. Amelia21.11. The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for_________A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationC. universal truthD. self-fulfillment22.12. "To wage by force or guile eternal war, Irreconcilable to our grad Foe." (John Milton, Paradise Lost ) Bywhat means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God?A. By planting a tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.B. By turning into poisonous snakes to threaten man's life.C. By removing God from His throne.D. By corrupting man and woman created by God.23.13. By making the truth-seeking pilgrims suffer at the hands of the people of Vanity Fair, John Bunyan intends to show the prevalent political and religious__________of his time.A. persecutionB. improvementC. prosperityD. disillusionment24.14. Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in______________A. alliterationB. heroic coupletC. sonnetD. blank verse25.15. Lives of the Poets consists of the biographies of 52 poets and affords some of the best-known pictures of the early English poets. Its author is_____________A. Samuel RichardsonB. Jonathan SwiftC. Joseph AddisonD. Samuel Johnson26.16. Jonathan Swift's famous prose work _______ is a satirical dialogue between the Ancients and the Moderns in the character of the Bee and the Spider.A. A Modest ProposalB. The Battle of the BooksC. The Drapier 's LettersD. A Tale of a Tub27.17. Of all the 18th century novelists, __________ was the first to set out in theory and practice, to writespecially a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modem novel its structure and style.A. Daniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Henry FieldingD. Oliver Goldsmith28.Which of the following is NOT a character in the novel The History of T om Jones, a Foundling?A. BlifilB. SophiaC. Mr. AllworthyD. Amelia29._________ is the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman--Dictionary of the English Language,which has become the foundation of all subsequent English dictionaries.A. Samuel JohnsonB. Laurence SterneC. Oliver GoldsmithD. Samuel Richardson30.In Sheridan's The School for Scandal, the man who wins the hand of his beloved as well as the inheritance ofhis rich uncle is__________A. Charles SurfaceB. Joseph SurfaceC. Sir Peter TeazleD. Sir Benjamin Backbite31.Modern English novel arose in the___________century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th32._________was a progressive intellectual movement going on throughoutEurope in the 18th century.A. The RenaissanceB. Puritan MovementC. Romantic MovementD. The Enlightenment33.Sheridan's ___________ is the best English comedy since the days of Shakespeare.A. She Stoops to ConquerB. The RivalsC. The School for ScandalD. The Conscious Lovers34.Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver's Travels?A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. LaputaD. Houyhnhnms35.The rise and growth of ____________ is the most prominent achievement of the 18th century English literature,which has given the world such writers as Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift and Henry Fielding.A. nco-classical poetryB. realistic novelC. sentimentalist novelD. Gothic novel36. _________ is Poet Laureate in English Literary history?A. John DrydenB. Edmund SpenserC. William ShakespeareD. Christopher Marlowe37. The most significant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was________A. the ReformationB. humanismC. the Italian revivalD. geographical exploration38. Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare's great tragedies?A. Romeo and JulietB. King LearC. HamletD. Macbeth39. Which statement about the Elizabethan age is not true?A.It is the age of translation.B.It is the age of poetryC. It is the age of exploration.D. It is the age of the protestant reformation.40. _________ first made blank verse the principal instrument of English dramaA. ShakespeareB. WyattC. SidneyD. MarloweIV. Definitions: (37%)1.alliteration2.assonance3.understatement4.blank verse5.heroic couplet6.iambic pentameter7.eclogue8.university wits9.renaissance hero10. Spenserian stanza。
英国练习题
英国练习题一、选择题1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？A. 曼彻斯特B. 伦敦C. 爱丁堡D. 利物浦2. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 法语C. 德语D. 西班牙语3. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 英镑C. 美元D. 日元4. 英国的国旗被称为什么？A. 星条旗B. 联合旗C. 红白旗D. 蓝白旗5. 以下哪个不是英国的构成国？A. 英格兰B. 苏格兰C. 威尔士D. 爱尔兰二、填空题6. 英国由四个构成国组成，分别是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和________。
7. 英国的国花是________，象征着勇敢和坚强。
8. 英国的国石是________，是一种珍贵的宝石。
9. 英国的国歌是________，通常在重大场合演奏。
10. 英国的国鸟是________，是英国文化中常见的象征。
三、简答题11. 请简述英国的地理位置。
12. 描述一下英国的气候特点。
13. 英国在历史上有哪些重要的文化贡献？14. 英国有哪些著名的旅游景点？15. 英国的教育体系有何特点？四、论述题16. 论述英国工业革命对世界历史的影响。
17. 分析英国脱欧对欧洲政治经济的影响。
18. 讨论英国在现代国际关系中的角色和地位。
19. 描述英国文化多样性的特点及其对社会发展的意义。
20. 评价英国在环境保护和可持续发展方面的努力和成就。
五、案例分析题21. 阅读以下案例：2012年伦敦奥运会。
分析这次奥运会对英国社会经济和国际形象的影响。
22. 考虑英国的“脱欧”事件，分析其对英国国内政治、经济以及与欧盟关系的长远影响。
23. 以英国的“大本钟”为例，探讨英国历史建筑的保护和利用。
24. 分析英国的“国家医疗服务体系”（NHS）对国民健康和社会福利的贡献。
25. 以英国的“剑桥大学”为例，讨论高等教育在英国社会经济发展中的作用。
请注意，以上题目仅为示例，实际试卷应根据具体教学大纲和课程内容进行设计。
英国文化研究英语课期末考试题
The final exam questions1.What is the difference between Britain and the United Kingdom?2.What are flags of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland called?3.What is the name of the flag of the United Kingdom?4.What are the plant symbols of England Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland?5.What are the national colours of England Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland?6.Who are the patrons of England Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland?7.Enumerate at least 3 differences between England, Scotland, Wales and NorthernIreland before the unification into the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern Ireland.8.What is the title of the British anthem?9.In spite of the unification Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have maintained theirown identity. Please enumerate 5 signs of national identity in Scotland, Wales andNorthern Ireland.10.How is the dominance of England over Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland visiblein the UK nowadays?11.What does the term …double identity‟ mean in the UK context?12.What is the geographical location of Europe?13.How many countries are there in Europe?14.Why is Europe so densely populated?15.What is Tundra?16.What is Taiga?17.Describe British climate.18.Describe British landscape.19.What is the position of London in Britain, taking into consideration politics, economy,entertainment, tourism etc.? Does the capital city of your country stand in the same relation to the rest of the country as London does to Britain?20.Enumerate 5 tourist spots in London.21.What are the differences between the West End and the East End of London?22.What is Cockney? Give examples. 3 cities in the British midlands. 3 cities in the north of England25.What is The Lake District? 2 Scottish cities. What are they famous for?27.Where is the capital of Wales?28.What is Mont Snowdon? Where is it?29.What is the capital of Northern Ireland?30.Some regions in Britain have …higher profiles‟ and some …lower profiles‟. What does itmean? Which regions in Britain have …higher profiles‟ and which have …lower profiles‟?What do their reputations consist of? Is it the same in your country?31.What is Pan-European identity?32.What is the European Union?33.What are the political, economic and social norms and vales of Europeans?34.Enumerate five European symbols35.What is the title of the European Union anthem?36.What is the Schengen area?37.Do you think there should be the Asian Union? If so, why? What would be theadvantages/disadvantages of the pact?38.Is Britain the land of tradition? Please give some arguments for and against?39.What are British people‟s attitudes towards education? ( give some examples tosupport your view)40.What are the common stereotypes ascribed to the British people? Are they true?A: There are many exmples of supposedly typical British habits which are simply not typical any more.For example:* The stereotyped image of the London …city gent‟ (wearing a bowler hat).In fact, this type of hat has not been commonly worn for a long time.* Breakfast is a large …fry up‟ preceded by cereal with milk and followed by toast, butter and marmalade, all washed down with lots of tea. In fact, only 10% of people eat it, it has replaced by cereal, toasts, jam tea – continental, European breakfast.*Tea drinking nation is another stereotype. (English tea – strong with milk, more coffee than tea is now bought in Britain)*Afternoon tea at 5pm – minority activity, largely confined to retired people, and upper-middle class.* Queues? Not anymore. Apparently, the British are very impatient.41.Are British people conservative? Give some examples to support your view.42.It is a common belief that British people are individualistic. Do you think it is true?Support your opinion with examples.43.British people are quite informal in everyday life. Can you give some examples ofinformalities in everyday life in Britain?44.What is the difference between public schools and state schools in Britain?A: In the UK, schools funded by the government are …state schools‟, independentschools that require fees to be p aid are called …public schools‟.45.Briefly describe the educational system in Britain.▪At the age of 16, the British students are allowed to leave school. About 1/3 of them choose this option.▪Many take part in training schemes which involve on-the-job training combined with part-time college courses.▪The sixth form – pupils who are studying beyond the age of 16. They spend 2 years studying just 3 subjects in preparation for taking A level exams▪Only for boys from the age of 13 onwards most of whom attended a private …prep=preparatory‟ be forehand▪Fee paying students and scholarship students▪Divided into houses, each house being looked after by a …housemaster‟▪…Prefects‟ –senior boys that have authority, …fags‟ – servants.▪Great emphasis on team sports▪ Enforcement of the school rules with the use of physical punishments▪Relatively great amount of homosexual activity▪Not luxurious or comfortable▪Students from these schools formed ruling elite and it was difficult for anyone with a different educational background to enter this group▪Nowadays, these rules do not apply46.What is LEA and what is it responsible for?47.What types of universities are there in Britain? Give 3 examples48.What is Thee Open University?49.What degrees are awarded at universities in Britain?50.What would you say are the successes and failures of British educational system?What things, if any, does it appear to do well? And what areas does it seem to neglect and do badly in?51.Why do British people have a negative attitude to work?52.Give three examples of the connection between class distinction and types of workthat people do in Britain ( manual workers vs non-manual workers)53.What can you say about work in Britain ( hours, retirement age, holidays)54.How do people in Britain look for a job?55.What is the name of the organisation that is responsible for collecting taxes in Britain?56.What are the main industries in Britain today ( give three examples)57.What can you say about agriculture in Britain?58.What is the currency in Britain called?59.What is …the corner shop‟ in Bri tain?60.In your country do shops stay open longer or shorter than in Britain? Do you think thatthe deregulation of the shop opening hours is a good thing?61.How is the importance of the national press reflected in the lives of Britons?62.Is it easy to tell by the size and the shape of British newspapers what kinds of readersthey are aimed at? What are the two main types called, and who reads them? What other differences are there between newspapers? Provide titles of both types of the newspaper.63.What British television channels do you know? What are the differences betweenthem? Please compare 2 British television channels.64.The dominant force in British broadcasting is the BBC. What enabled it to achieve thisposition and how does it maintain it? Can you describe some of the characteristics which gave the BBC its special position in Britain?65.What are the most popular television programmes in the UK? What does it tell youabout the British nation?66.What is European cuisine?67.What are the main differences between European and Asian cuisine?68.Give five examples of European dishes of food items (not British).69.There is a saying “On the Continent people have good food; in England people havegood table manners”. What does it mean?70.Why is British food so bad? What are British people‟s attitudes towards food?71.What is traditional English breakfast?72.What does the Sunday Roast consist of?73.Give three examples of traditional British dishes.74.There are very few restaurants in Britain that serve British food. Think of as manyreasons as you can why British people prefer to eat food from other countries.75.What are three types of beer in Britain?76.What are British people attitudes towards alcohol?77.What can you say about the British pub?78.In your opinion, which holiday is the most important for Europeans and why?79.How do Europeans celebrate Valentine‟s Day?80.When and how is St. Patrick‟s Day celebrated?81.Who was St. Patrick?82.What do people in Europe celebrate at Easter? Enumerate three Easter customs youknow?83.Enumerate three Halloween customs.84.Who was Guy Fawkes, when is Bonfire night and what do people celebrate on thatnight?85.Describe five Christmas customs and traditions in Europe.。
英国概况复习题
英国概况复习题英国概况复习题(5题×4’)Explain the following terms1. Norman Conquest:(1)Duke William of Normandy set sail across the English Channel on 28th September 1066, with a fleet of knights, archers and horses.(2) He was crowned King of England, established a Norman aristocracy.(3) The conquest of England ushered in a new era in English history with the introduction of feudalism.2. Magna Carta(1) Magna Carta for Great Charter’, is the most famous document of British constitutional history, issued by King John in 1215.(2) The purpose of it was to insure the rights of the Church and the customs of the town, to curb the king’s exploitation of the tax system and financial privileges and to guarantee that the king could not encroach on baronial privileges.(3)Magna Carta is a landmark in English constitutional history.3. The Hundred Years War(1) The Hundred Years’ War broke out between England and France in 1337, and it lasted until 1453.(2) Bordeaux was in French hands.(3) England ceased thinking of itself as a continental power and began to develop its own identity and culture.4. Glorious Revolution(1) Leading politicians invited William of Orange, Mary’shusband and ruler of the Netherlands, to invade England with Dutch forces and restore English liberties.(2) William and Mary became joint rulers of England after accepting whatbecame known as the Bill of Rights.(3) The Bill of Rights stated that no Roman Catholic would rule England; it gave inviolable civil and political rights to the people and political superemacy to Parliament.5. Tripartite System(1) Tripartite system was an educational system of Britain Act 1944.(2) It was divided into three parts: secondary modern, technical and grammar schools.(3)It was abolished in 1960s.6. GCSEIt was the General Certificate of Secondary Education, and was taken at the end of compulsory education at the age of 16. Any number of individual subjects may be taken. It replaces the former O-level and GSE examination.7. welfare state(1) It can be defined as ‘ a state with a government which assumes responsibility for the well-being of its citizens throughout life, through a range of interventions in the market economy.(2) The welfare state would aim to offer its citizens: a life with certain specified standards of living which it considers reasonable and possible for all, and protection against the unexpected hazards of life.8. NHSA short form for national health service. It was established in1947 for all to receive free diagnosis, treatment and hospitalization when necessary.9.absolute povertyAbsolute poverty is defined as calculating what income is required byfamilies of different sizes to provide the minimum of food, clothing (second-hand) and shelter needed for the maintenance of merely physical health.10.mixed economy(1) Mixed economy is an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned business.(2) Britain has mixed economy.11.civil libertiesThe freedom to organise politically,The freedom to speechThe freedom to the pressThe equality of all people under the law12.the civil serviceThe civil service is non-political. It consists of Permanent officials employed by government. The functions of civil service are to advise ministers and implement policy and top officials popularly known as ‘mandarins’.13.the rule of lawEverybody is subject to the law.Laws must not be arbitrary.There is only one body of law.The rights of the individual are to be respected.14. common law(1) This is law as decided by judges, their decisions in cases being arrived at after considering the customs and practices ofthe people involved.(2) English law has a long history, much of it being derived.15. the juryThe jury represents the people and its drawn from a cross-section of the public.The jury consists of twelve lay people who are selected at random.In court the jury cannot ask questions, the role of the jury is to listen impartially to the evidence from all sides.After the judge sums up all the evidence at the end of a trial, the jury retire from the court and consider their verdict in private. When they have reached a unanimous agreement of either guilty or not guilty they return to the court and give their verdict to the judge.Answer the following essay questions1. Why is the reign of Elizabeth called Golden Age?1)She reestablished Anglicanism.2)Important legislation enacted in her reign included stabilization of labor conditions, currency reform, poor laws, and acts to encourage agriculture, commerce, and manufacturing.3)British Navy, the defeat of the Armada.2. What is the effect of The Wars of Roses?1)Henry Tudor established the Tudor House.2)marriage to Edward IV’s daughter Elizabeth united the house of Lancaster and Yoke.3)ended feudalism in England.3. What are the basic features of Britain’s economy?1)Britain has a well-developed economy,also a mixed economy.2)Lack of raw materials.3)It is heavily depend on the export and import in its trade.4)Self-sufficient in energy since 19805)Manufacturing continues to play an important role, but services count for most of GDP.4. Describe the educational changes in Britain.1)Before 1870 education was voluntary and many of the existing schools had been set up by churches.2)From 1870, in response to changes brought about by the industrial revolution and movements for social and political reform, the government started to take responsibility for education.3)It was not until the Education Act 1944 that all children were given the right to free secondary education.4)Comprehensive schools were introduced in the 1960s.5)The Education Reform Act 1988 provided for: the establishment of a National Curriculum for 5 to 6 year-olds and regular examinations, the introduction of city technology colleges, more power being given to schools to run their own affairs.第五大题1.Church took after the poor and orphans.2.A harsher system of relief was introducted.3.National insurance schemes were established. Enable some people to cove retirement and medical costs.4.Most radical and widespread reforms based on Beveridge Report.5.Benifit system tigened up private provision of pension and medical costs encouraged.6.cost to paying for poor relief considered too burdensome7.discourage people from applying for relief. Staying in workhourses. Responsible for their own condition.8.only part of people9.too expensive10.people want to be more speading on the sick and disabled and wanted to more benifts for retired people1. non-political,Formal Head of State and Commomealth, Elizabath II2.Prime Minister,Ministers Secretaries of state political heads of government department(all MPS)3.political,House of Commons(MPS). House of Lard(hereditary,life peers)4.Lord chancellor,a leading Law Lord appointed by the Prime Minister5.non-political,employed by government,mandariws6.1)No longer exercise political pocoer.a symbolic one2)presides over the state opening of partionment3)give Royal Assent of agreement of any new law4)keep in touch with government with Prime Minister7.1)Prime Minister choose the Cabinet2)minister are responsible for their particular government department3)tollevtive cabinet responsibility.Once the cabinet has decide upon a policy all plinister will speak in support.8.1)make new laws2)approve amend reject laws3)debate national and international affair4)limie and examine the government(expenditure)public interest9.1)house of lord is the highest court2)put the laws into practice3)deal with cases according to the law10.1)officials sever the elected political governments2)Top civil serionment offer advice about the possible consequences of poicy3)responsible for implementing the polities that the government,withparliament’s approval,decides to pursue。
英国概况复习题
英国概况复习题1.The U.K. is situated in Northwestern Europe.2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Scotland, and Wales; numerous smaller coastal islands; and Northern Ireland.3.The largest part of U.K. is England .4. The U.K. lies to the _west_ of France.5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is London6. _ Northern Ireland_ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in theunion with Great Britain.7. The longest river in Britain is the Severn River, and the largest lake is Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland, while the most famous lake is Loch Ness.8. English is the official language, but not all of the British people speak it. In Wales many people speak Welsh; in Scotland about 80,000 people in the Highlands possess their own Gaelic language.9.Ben Nevis, 1343m, stands in the Scottish Highlands , is the highest peak in Britain.10.Wales_ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary.11.Mt. Snowdon stands in Wales12.Scotland occupies the _. northern _ portion of Great Britain.13. The Bank of England was nationalized in194614. The center of the Britain financial system is Bank of England15.Britain is basically an importer of food and raw materials16. British farmers produce enough food to supply 2/3 of the needs of the population.17.Cheviot hills lie along the border between Wales and England.18.―The backbone of England‖ refers to the Pennies19.The capitals of England and Scotland are London and Edinburgh__.20.Britain doesn‘t share any border with other countries except Ireland21.The climate of Britain is more moist because of _Atlantic Gulf Stream__.22.The main rivers in Britain run from north_ to south__.23.The longest river in Britain is Severn__ while the second longest one is Thames ,along which situated the city of London and Ofxford .24. The U.K. is rich in the following except _gold __25.The United Kingdom is rich in coal___, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.26. The English are Anglo-Saxon in origin, but the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish are Celts.27.Greater London is made up of 12 _Inner__ London boroughs and 20 Outer London boroughs.28.Tower of London, a historical sight, used to be a _national prison__ , which was built by the William the conqueror .29.The residence of Prime Minister and the Queen are No.10 Dowing Streetand_Buckingham Palace_30. The second largest city of England is _Birmingham___ while the second largest port of England is Liverpool .31. The city holding an international festival of music and the arts every year is_Edinburgh__32. Manchester is an industrial and commercial centre33. Cardiff is the capital of Wales. Belfast is the capital of northen Ireland34.The Queen’s University is in the city of _ Belfast_35.Christianity has tree main groups: Catholicism, Orthodox Eastern Church, Protestantism.36. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _twice__37. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _ 750__ B.C.38.King Arthur was the king of Celts .39.At about 3000 BC, some of the Iberians__ settled in Britain.40.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were__Iberian__.41.The real Roman conquest of Britain began in43A.D.42.Christianity was first brought to England by __Romans___.43.The Roman occupation of Britain lasted nearly400 years.44.In about 122 A.D，in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the Romans built wall, called Hadrain‘s Wall .45. 410-871, the Germanic tribes came to England, the latter are:the Angles,Saxons and Jutes.46.In the late 6th century Christianity_ was introduced into England.47.The first ―King of the English‖ was _Egbert __48.National Epic__, considered the greatest Old English poem.49.Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to Anglo-Saxon Times.50. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was Bede51. Alfred_ was considered the first national hero.52. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _ the Archbishop of Canterbury__.53.The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from Norway and Denmark___54.By the end of the 7th century England was divided into a number of kingdoms, and therefore called__Heptarchy_.55. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _ feudalism__ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.56.King Edward was known as _Confessor__ because of his reputation of saintliness.57. In the reign of the Norman Kings, three languages were used in England : French_, English and Latin.58.The Battle of __Hastings__paved the way for the conquest of England.59. The Battle of Hastings took place in _1066__.60.On Christmas Day 1066, Duke William known in the history as Williamthe_Conqueror__ was crowned in _Westerminster __Abbey__.61. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _ Domesday __ Book.62. House of Plantagenet was established soon after Henry II succeeded to the throne.63. In 1181 Henry II issued the _ Assize of Arms___ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.64. Henry II appointed in 1162 Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury.65.In history _John was nicknamed ―King of Lackland‖.66.The founder of the English legal system and the common law was_Henry II_.67.Under Henry II‘s rule, Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury _ was murdered. His death has been the subject of several dramas, the most noteworthy of which is Eliot‘s ___Murder in the cathedral____.68.The Great Charter was signed by King John in the year1215.69.The Great Charter contained __three___ sets of provisions.70．Magna Carta (《大宪章》，法语词汇)is also called the Great Charter.72.Simon de Monfort forced Henry Ⅲ accept their own council, called parliament. Parliament of 1265 which known as the _All Estates Parliament is generally considered the ―beginning of parliament‖.73.In 1295, Edward summoned the ―All Estates Parliament‖ which included more than 400 members known in history as the __Model parliament__.74.The second and more important phase of medieval Anglo-French hostility began in 1337 and ended in 1453 , and is therefore known as the __Hundred Year's War__.75.The Hundred Years‘ War happened between England and France .76.The Hundred Years‘ W ar was both a _feudal_ and _trade_ war.77. By the end of the Hundred Years‘ War only the port of __Calais___ remained under English rule.78. In the 14th century took place the _ Black Death__, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages79.While EdwardⅢ was busy with his wars, parliament developed rapidly, and divided into three parts: _House_of Lords__, __House of Commons__, and_Cabinet_.The official head of Parliament at present is the Queen80.Feudalism in England began to decline in the early _14_century__.81.The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _Watt Tyler82. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was international , the English Church was strictly national___.83.__John Wycliffe__ and his followers, known as _Lollards__, provided_ideological_ for the labor movement of the 14th .84._Henry _ IV__ started a new dynasty, the House of Lancaster.85.The Wars of the Roses was a civil war, between the_family of Lancaster and family of York_ for power_ and _wealth_ and ultimately for the possession of the Crown.86. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _red___ rose.87. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _Tudor____ began88.Edward Ⅳ began the House of _Lancaster___.89. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the_money__ system.90. The Enclosure Movement began in the _15th__ century.91. The explorer who first discovered and identified the new continents is Christopher Columbus.92. John Hawkins____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.93.The two results of the enclosure movement— the _primitive accumulation__ of capital and supply of _cheap labour__and paved the way for the development of capitalism.94. Under Elizabeth I _ the Anglican Church___ was restored, and she was declared ―governor‖ of the church.95. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called ―_Bloody__‖ Mary.96.The thinkers, who worked for freedom and enlightenment , werecalled_humanists_.97.The direct cause of Reformation in England was _Henry's VIII divorce case98.The greatest dramatist of Elizabethan age was __Shakespeare___.99.The direct case of the Reformation of England was _Henry__ ‗s divorce case. In 1534, the parliament passed the Act of _Supremacy__, according to which the king was declared the head of English Church.100. Renaissance means rebirth__, the Europe rediscovered its origins in the cultures of ancient _Greek_ and _Rome___.101.The masterpiece of Thomas More is _Utopia__. And John Milton was famous for his _Paradise _Lost__.102. The greatest English humanist was Sir Thomas More__.103. The masterpiece of Christopher Marlowe is Doctor Faustus___.104._Edmund Spenser__ is known as ―Poet‘s poet‖ and his masterpi ece is _Faerie Queen___.105. In the first half of 17th century _captialism_ grow rapidly in England.106. The House of _ Stuart____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.107. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from __1642_ to 1646___108. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of Charles I__._ 109. England first became a sea power in the time of _ Elizabeth I _.110.In 1649, _Charles I_was cut off and England was declared a Commonwealth. 111.In 1653 _Oliver Cromwell_ was made Lord Protector for life.112.During the English Civil Wars, those who stood for Parliament were called Roundheads and the supporters of the King were called Cavaliers or Royalists113.In 1653 parliament was dissolved and Cromwell was made _Lord Protector___. 114.In 1688, William and Mary were called back to be the joint rulers of England to replace James II, this Coup D‘ Etat was known in history as __Glorious___ Revolution.115. In 1689 the ―Bill of Rights‖ was passed. __The Constitutional Monarchy___ began in England.116. In 1689 Parliament passed ―_Bill of Rights___‖, limiting the powers of the crown.117.After the Crimean War _Russia__ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.118. After Seven Years‟ War, Britain became predominant in America and India. 119. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _1756_ to_1763__.120. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the factory of theworld__.121. The Industrial Revolution first started in _the textile industry___.122. In the second half of the 18th century, the great economic and social changes were taking place in Britain. Agricultural and home-based trades and industries gradually gave way to factory-based industries with complex machinery. This great change was commonly called the industrial revolution.123.James Watt‟s vast improvements to the steam engine made it practical forlarge-scale industrial use. The decisive advance in communications in the early 19th century was the invention of the steam rail locomotive by George Stephen124.The Spinning Jenny was invented by _James Hargreaves___.125. Samuel Crompton invented the _Spinning Mule_ in 1779.126. Edmund Cartwright invented the _Power Loom__ in 1785.127.In August 1819 a demonstration was organized in Manchester to demand universal suffrage, known as_Peterloo Massacre_.128. The first Prime Minister was _ Robert Walpole129.Roundheads—Tory__--_Conservatives___Cavaliers— _Whig___-- _Labour__130. The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Both the Government and Parliament are controlled by the ruling party.131. The Chartist Movement began in __1839___ and reached its height in __1848__. 132. The basic point of the People‘s Charter is _ universal suffrage _____.133. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against China. This was the _Opium War____.134. The ___Qing__ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.135.In fact Britain occupied _one-third___ of the whole of Africa.136. The dominion of _Canada__ was the first British dominion to be so organized. 137. The Victorian Age was over the _Edwardian Age__ began.138.By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire had climbed to its peak, and boasted to be a sun-never-setting empire.139. The defeat of Spanish Armada in the year 1588 helped establish English supremacy over the sea.140. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _Churchil___. 141. _ Winston Churchill___ formed a coalition government in 1940.142. When Germany invaded _ Belgium___ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.143. It was Winston Churchill__ who led the country during the ―miracle of Dunkirk‖.144. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a world_ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _4__ years.145. On May 7, 1945, __Germany___ surrendered unconditionally.146. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _Italy____ was formed.147. At the _Paris Peace Conference __, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.148. Generally speaking, there are two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain—the state school and “public”school.149. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _5__ to _16____.150. The independent school or ―_public_‖ school is few in number but of great influence.151. In state schools the letters A, B and C are o ften used to describe ―_ streams__‖ or parallel classes.152. The four types of state schools in the secondary education are the grammar__ schools, comprehensive secondary schools, _technical_ schools and secondary modern schools.153. The pupils who had g ot the highest marks in the ―eleven plus‖ examination would go to_ grammar school.154. For all children in state schools, secondary education begins at the age of _11__. 155. There are two systems for secondary education in state schools, the _selective__ and the _comprehensive___.156. The oldest schools in UK are _grammar__ schools.157. Public schools belong to the category of the __.independent __ schools.158. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and tutorial system159. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four Scottish___ universities.160. The open_university offers courses through one of BBC‘s television channels and by radio.161. Buckingham University is an independent __ university which was established in 1973.162. _Comprehensive secondary__ schools were established before 1960, in which pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability.163. At _15__ or _16___ pupils take an examination, either at the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education. 164. At 18 there is another examination for the pupils, the Advanced Level __ of the General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.165. There are over _forty _ universities in Britain.166. The term “old universities”refers to Oxford and Cambridge, which were the only tow universities in England until the 19th century.167. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from 1167_ and 1284__. 168. The British press is now divided into two different types of national newspapers: the quality newspapers (…quality‟or …broadsheets‟) and popular newspapers (…populars‟or …tabloids‟).169. Technical__ schools are often attached to polytechnics.170. The four famous school: Eton College, Harrow School, Winchester College and Rugby School are never referred to as colleges but _public__ schools.171. The public schools emphasize two factors in education. One is the study of classic s and science, the other is the development of what is called ―character__‖. 172. The five types of universities are the two old universities, the four scottish__ universities, the middle-aged universities, the new universities an the Open university and the one _independent__ university.173. Oxford got started in the _12th__ century. It has _28 __ colleges.174. There are about _12000__ students in Oxford and Cambridge respectively. 175. The University of London is a type of middle-aged___ university.176. There are three academic degrees in Britain, the Bachelor‘s_,_Master‘s and _ Doctor‘s_ degrees.177. A class in a state school is often called a ―_form __‖, never a ―grade‖.178. Almost all the national papers are published in the city of _London ___.179. The Fleet_ _Street__ is the national centre of the press in the UK.180. The most famous broadcasting company is British Broadcasting Corporation __. 181. The most well-known news agency is Reuters __.182. The second oldest university in Britain is _Cambridge __.183. In Britain great majority of children attend _state __ school184. The earliest newspaper in Britain is The Times__.185. The Observer__ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.186. The most humorous magazine is Punch187. In the UK there are about _160__ dailies and over 120___ weeklies188. There are _eight national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays eight189. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the Conservative Party 190. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are_journals __.191. BBC was founded in 1922__ and chartered in _1927__ as an independent public corporation192. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _local _ news agency193. The BBC is mainly financed by payment from all people who possess TV sets 190. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is British Broadcasting Corporation194. Reuters was founded in the year of _1851___.195. The new headquarters‘ building of _ the Press Association Ltd___ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.196. _ Cricket __ is regarded as the most English of games.197. _Association football__ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain. 198. Association football__ ―pools‖ provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.199. The annual tennis_ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.200. _Horse __ racing is chiefly a betting sport.201. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _ Liverpool_ in March.202. School boys usually play rugger or _soccer__ in winter, _cricket__ in summer 203. Schools girls usually play tennis and rounders_ in summer and netball and_hockey_ in winter.204. Netball is a kind of basketball, and rounders is a sort of _baseball ___205. It was _Francis Bacon_ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain. 206. William Harvey_ discovered the circulation of food.207. The Royal Society was founded in London__ in _1660___.208.The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _ Issae Newton__ became its president.209.. James Watt was a great _ Scottish__ engineer and inventor.210.. _John Dalton__ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.211.. The minor‘s safety lamp was invented by _Humphy Davy212.. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of evolution __.213. _ Geoffrey Chaucer___ is considered the father of English poetry.214. Big Ben is the nickname of the 315-foot Clock Tower215 The British Museum was founded in _1753__216. The British Museum is financed by _Government__ funds and is managed by a board of 25 trustees.217. You could find the world-famous Speakers‘ Corner in _Hyde Park ____.218. Westminster Abbey__ is the biggest and most well-known church in London. 219. _ Buckingham Palace___ is the monarch‘s present London ho me.220. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _William Shakespeare__ was born in 1564. 221. The Independent Broadcasting Authority gets its money from advertising __. 222. You‘ll find all BBC‘s programmes in the magazine _Radio__Times____.223 Netball is a kind of basketball, and rounders is a sort of _baseball ___.224. The Royal Society___ founded in London in 1660 is one of the most prestigious scientific bodies in the world.225. Issae Newton held the president of the Royal Society for __23___ years.226. The famous book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was written by _Issae Newton ___.227. Edward Tanner__, an English physician, discovered the vaccine for preventing smallpox and pioneered the sciences of immunology and virology.228. The miner‘s safety lamp was nicknamed _ Davy __ Lamp.229. Charles Robert Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species __ which caused a stir in Victorian times.230. Oscar Wilder was an aesthete advocating ―art for art‘s sake‖.231. The seat of the British Houses of Parliament is _ Westminster Palace___.232. ―Big Ben‖ was named after Sir _ Benjamin Hall___.233. The place where many famous figures are buried is called _Westminster_ Abbey__. 234. Karl Marx once came to study and work in the British Museum Library and Completed most of his famous book Capital there.235.Hyde Park in the Centre of London is one of the World‘s most famous city parks.236. The _Tower__ of _London__ was a state prison from Norman times.237. Whitehall__ is a most important street where some of the most important offices are located.238. The people can visit 300 life-size wax figures in Madame Tussaud‘s239. Margaret Thatcher, the first female Prime Minister in English history, gained her reputation as “the iron lady”for her tight control of Britain‟s monetary policy 240. In Britain, the titles of hereditary peers are, in order of rank, Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount, aron.241. Welsh literature had a profound influence in medieval Europe, as it is the source both of Arthurian legend and that of the Holy Grail.242. Most British couples go to Church____ to have their wedding ceremony.243 House prices are _ high in Britain.244. British food is _ limited ____.245. Newly wedded couples are _. not eager____ to have a baby.246. The British people usually have a small quantity of __soup ___ as a first course. 247. The best-known quality of the British people is their exclusiveness_____. 248. The English sense of humour is _self-deprecating ____.249. English people do not laugh except _own faults___..250. The right to privacy and personal freedom is _unquestioned____ by the British. 251. Three ―Don‘ts‖ include jumping up the queue 、asking a woman her age and bargaining while shopping252. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _weather___253. Three ―ings‖ include betting 、drinking and tipping254. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on _ horse racing____.255. The three royal traditions include playing the flute 、the changing of the Queen‘s guard and making a parliamentary speech by Queen256. Playing the flute is a tradition inherited from _ Queen Victoria ____.257. John Bull denoted a frank, uneasy, funny _gentleman____ called John Bull in the 17th century258. During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _four____ weeks of paid holiday259. State schools usually have __six___ weeks of summer holidays.260. St. Patrick‘s Day and Orangeman‘s Day are the holidays only spent in N. I.____. 261. _Christmas ____ is basically a home and family festival.262. The purely personal festival in Britain is _birthday____.263.Boxing Day is on the first weekday after Christmas .264. The festival which celebrates a historical event is _ Guy Fawkes Day____.265New Year‘s Day is more important than Christmas to the _Scots ____.266._Good Friday____ commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, and Easter Sunday the resurrection.267.The birthday of the _ British Monarch___ is a National Day in Britain.268.The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few __silver___ coins hidden in it.269. Armistice Day is on _November 11th____ when the British remember the millions of people who died in the two world wars.270. Wages mean a payment usually of money for labour or services according to contract and on the following basis except _____.A. hourlyB. dailyC. monthlyD. piecework271. The British people traditionally like to live in _small houses____.272. At the age of _ sixty-five___, most men retire from their employment.273. Buddhism was founded in the _6th____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni.274. Islam was founded in the __ 7th ___ century by Mohammed275. Christianity came into being in the _first____ century.276. One of the Free Churches _ Quakers ____ is also called the Society of Friends. 277.The Church of England is also called the Anglican Church ____278.The Church of England came into being during the European Reformation279. London Cockney is a kind of dialect___ spoken by some people in London. 280. In terms of marriage no child can merry below the age of _16 __.281. The newlyweds often solve the problem of housing by renting or _mortgaging_ or buying a house.282. The housework in Britain is usually done by wife__.283. The nickname for Britain is _ John Bull___284. There are _ten____ bank and public holidays in Northern Ireland.285. There are a lot of things an Englishman is proud of, such as _King James___ Bible and Shakespeare_‘s plays, British Parliament and the Industria l__ Revolution. 286. A British custom is ―_ladies first __‖, such as letting a woman go first, protecting her from traffic.287. The two places where the changing of the Queen‘s guard are in front of Buckingham Palace and at the Whitehall ___.288. The Speaker is the head of the House of Commons __.289. Christmas Day is on __December 25th___, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals.290. There are two Bank Holidays in Scotland __.291. April Fool‘s Day which makes you an ―April Fool‖ falls on _April 1st____. 292. The first weekday after Christmas is Boxing Day___.293. Father Christmas is also called _Santa Claus __, who gives presents only to children and knows what every child wants.294. Remembrance Day is also called _Armistice Day____.295. The standard working week is usually between _35____ and _40____ hours in Britain.296. Wage-earning workers are paid weekly, usually getting their wages in cash____. 297. Salary earners are paid once a month or less frequently by _cheques ___ or paid into their bank accounts.298. The two things every employed man and woman has to pay the State are the National Insurance and National Health and the _ Income Tax___.299. The ―W.C.‖ means the __ Water Closet ____, a place where you relieve yourself. 300. The four major social benefits are unemployment benefit, sickness__ benefit, pension and __retirement___ allowance.301. A woman‘s retir ement is a the age of _60____.302. The doctrine of _ Buddhism____ is found in Buddhist scripture.303. The doctrine of __Islam___ is found in Koran.304. The doctrine of Christianity is the _Holy Bible _305.Christianity came into being in _30___ A.D.306. The Church of England today is all inclusive, have the ability to be both Protestant and _Catholic307. The British Monarchy is _hereditary308. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the 17th___ century.309. The __Crown __ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.310. The oldest part of British Parliament is _ the House of Lords____.331. The decision making organ in British Parliament is _the Cabinet __.312. The life of Parliament is fixed at __ five__ years.313. The House of Commons consists of _651members who are elected from the _651_ electoral districts.314. The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are hereditary ___.315. The quorum in the House of Commons is _. forty __ members.316. The _ British government __ is the supreme administrative institution.317. The _Cabinet__ is the core of leadership of the British government.318. The Privy Council was established in the 15th century when Henry VI___ was on the throne.319. Not until __1937__ could the cabinet have a legal basis.320. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about 20__.321. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is_ Lord Chancellor____.322. _ The Labour Party __ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives, the Social Democratic Federation, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900. 323. It is the Prime Ministe_ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.324. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the Opposition __.325. London, because of its special location, is divided into _32___ boroughs and the city of London.326. ―The Morning Star‖ is the official paper of the Communist Party327. The persons except criminals_ have no right to vote.328. In England and Wales, the jury consists of twelve_ people in criminal and civil cases.329. Legally any citizen aged from _18_ to _65_ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury.330. The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _. Chief Constable __.。
英国文化试题 (基础题)
Cultural Knowledge ContestBritish CulturePart I Single-Choice QuestionsDirections: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.1. The transition in parts of Great Britain's previously manual labour and draft-animal–based economy towards machine-based manufacturing started with the mechanization of ___________.[A] the textile industries[B] the iron industries[C] the coal industries[D] the steel industries2. The invention of the flying shuttle by ________enabled wider cloth to be woven faster, but also created a demand for yarn that could not be fulfilled.[A] Richard Arkwright[B] Harry Brearley[C] Edmund Cartwright[D] John Kay3. The water frame, invented by __________, could be powered by a water wheel.[A] Richard Arkwright[B] Harry Brearley[C] Edmund Cartwright[D] John Kay4. The first practicable steam engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen, and was used for pumping water out of mines and then, a much more powerful steam engine was invented by ___________.[A] Richard Arkwright[B] Harry Brearley[C] James Watt[D] John Kay5. From 1815 to 1870 Britain reaped the benefits of being the world's ________modern, industrialized nation.[A] fourth[B] third[C] second[D] first6. By _________ Britain had a well integrated, well engineered system that provided fast, on-time, inexpensive movement of freight and people to every city and most rural districts.[A]1840[B]1850[C]1860[D]18708. After the loss of the American colonies in ______, Britain built a "Second British Empire", based in colonies in India, Asia, Australia, Canada.[A]1783[B]1784[C]1785[D]17869. After WWI, in _______, the Wall Street Crash affected Britain and the Great depression began. After that, Britain gradually withdrew to adopt Tariff Reform as a measure of protectionism.[A] 1930[B] 1929[C]1928[D]192711. Which of the following newspaper is the world's oldest national newspaper?[A] The Times.[B] The Observer.[C] The Guardian.[D] The Financial Times.13. In Britain most advertising is carried______.[A] in newspapers[B] in magazines[C] on television[D] on radio15. Which of the following organizations does not Great Britain belong to?[A] EU[B] NATO[C] APEC[D] OSCE16. Britain has its nuclear naval force since______.[A] it's one of the developed countries in the world[B]it's a traditional sea power[C]it has an advanced industry[D] it's able to produce submarines17. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland recognized the People's Republic of China in ______.[A] 1950[B]1949[C] 1951[D] 196018. In terms of circulation, the biggest circulated newspaper in UK is _________.[A] The Times[B] The Guardian[C] Financial Times[D]Daily Telegraph19.The term" Fleet Street" is referred to as___________.[A] The embassies concentrated street[B]The newspaper headquarters concentrated street[C] The wartime museums concentrated street[D] The luxurious commodities shops concentrated street20. According to________, the British admitted the independence of America.[A] Treaty of Versailles[B] Treaty of Rome[C] Treaty of Paris[D] Treaty of Maastricht21. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on_________.[A] bingo[B] horse racing[C] football pools[D] dog racing22. ________ is regarded as the most English of games.[A] Tennis[B] Soccer[C] Rugby[D] Cricket23. Big Ben, the most famous landmark in London, its name comes from_________[A] the person who built it[B] the fact that it is really very heavy[C] the name of the head of the British parliament[D] the way it looks like24. Halloween is a ________[A] summer festival[B] night time festival[C] pilgrims’ holiday[D] day for family reunion26.______ is the first weekday after Christmas, a legal holiday in English, Wales, Northern Ireland , New Zealand, Australia and South Africa.[A] Thanksgiving Day[B] Anzac Day[C] St. Valentine’s Day[D] Boxing Day27. ____is the home of golf.[A] England[B] Scotland[C] Wales[D] Ireland28.____ birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or woma nhood.[A] The twenty-first[B] The eighteenth[C] The nineteenth[D] The twentieth29._______ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.[A] Whitehall[B] St. Paul’s Cathedral[C] Westminster Abbey[D]St. Peter’s Basilica31. The British Monarchy is _______.[A] elective [B] democratic [C] hereditary [D] dictatorial32. The _______ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.[A] Prime Minister[B] Crown[C] Parliament[D] Church33. Currently there are three major national parties in Britain: the Conservative Party, _______, and the Liberal Democrats.[A] the Liberal Party[B] the Democratic Party[C] the Labour Party[D] the Republican Party34. The party that has the majority of seats in _______ will form the government in Britain.[A] the House of Commons[B] the House of Lords[C] the Privy Council[D] the Cabinet35. _______ is the supreme administrative institution which manages state affairs.[A] The Queen[B] The British Government[C] The Cabinet[D] The Privy Council36. In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the jury consists of _____ people in criminal and civil cases. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decide the issue of guilt or innocence.[A] eleven[B] twelve[C] fourteen[D] fifteen38. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .[A] 1950[B] 1954[C] 1972[D] 199739. Hamlet, , King Lear and Macbeth are generally regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies.[A] Romeo and Juliet[B] Oliver Twist[C] Othello[D] Tess of the d'Urbervilles41. England occupies the ______portion of the U.K.[A] Northern[B] Eastern[C] Southern[D] Western42. London is situated on the River of ________.[A] Parret[B] Thames[C] Spey[D] Tennessee43. The total area of the U.K. is _____.[A] 211,440[B] 244,110[C] 241,410[D] 242,53444. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.[A] 13[B] 12[C] 14[D]1545. Britain’s main cereal crop is _____.[A] oats[B] corn[C] barley[D] rye46. The highest mountain in England is _____.[A] Mt. Mourne[B] Mt. Snowdon[C] Mt. Seafell[D] Mt. Rocky47. Great Charter was signed by________ in 1215 under the press of the barons.[A] King John[B] King Alfred[C] King Arthur[D] King Lear48. Great Charter consists of ________ clauses.[A] 53[B] 54[C] 63[D] 64Part II Multiple-Choice QuestionsDirections: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] are given. Choose the answers which you think best complete the statement or answer the question.1. Who are British authors in the following list?[A] William Faulkner[B] John Milton[C] Dorothy Wordsworth[D] Robert Frost2. Which of the following authors belongs to the period of modernism?[A] Chalotte Bronte[B] John Milton[C] James Joyce[D] Virgin Woolf3. Which of the following works is the representative works of William Shakespeare?[A] Romeo and Juliet[B] Hamlet[C] The Merchant of Venice[D] As you Like it4. Which of the following works are the representative works of James Joyce?[A] Ulyssess[B] Dubliners[C] To the Lighthouse[D] A Passage to India5. Which of the following writing techniques are modernist writing techniques?[A] Stream of consciousness[B] The third person reminiscent narrative[C] Multiple perspective narrative[D] The mixture of the past and the present6. Who are the representative poets in the Romanticism period?[A] Percy Shelley[B] Dorothy Wordsworth[C] John Keats[D] T. S. Eliot7. Which of the following quotations are attributed to William Shakespeare?[A] To be, or not to be[B] Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.[C] A light heart lives longer.[D]Time of life is short; to spend that shortness basely, it would be too long.9. D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930), who wrote with understanding about the social life of the lower and middle classes, and the personal life of those who could not adapt to the social norms of his time. Which of the following works are his representative works?[A] Tess of the d’Urbervilles[B] Lady Chatterley’s Lover[C] Women in Love[D] Sons and Lovers12. The main faith in Britain are_______.[A] Christian[B] Muslim[C] Jewish[D]Sikh13. Most of the buildings on campus are made of bricks, collectively they get a name of ―Red Bricks‖, these universities are referred to as__________.[A] Manchester[B] Birmingham[C] Liverpool[D] Sheffield14. Which of the following countries have nuclear weapons capabilities?[A] Britain[B] Italy[C] the United States[D] Russia15. The most prestigious private school in Britain are___________.[A] Eaton College[B] Harrow College[C] Winchester School[D] Rugby School16. Which of the following British dynasties existed from1603 till now?[A] The Stuart[B] The Hanoverians[C]Saxe-Coburg-Gotha[D]The Tudor17. Which of the following armies had ever invaded Great Britain?[A] Roman[B] Saxon[C] Viking[D] Norman18.Which of the following countries are NOT member Commonwealth Realms of Britain?[A] United States[B] France[C] Pakistan[D] India20. Which of the followings are involved in making the British foreign policy?[A] Queen Elizabeth.[B] The foreign and commonwealth Office.[C] The Prime Minister and Cabinet.[D] The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.21. Which of the following holidays are bank (public) holidays? ___________[A] New Year’s Day[B] Easter Monday[C] Christmas Day[D] Halloween22. Many of the world’s famous sports began in Britain, including__________.[A] football[B] golf[C] basketball[D] rugby24. British celebrate May Day_______.[A] as it marked the end of harsh winter[B] on May 5th[C] through music and dancing[D] traditionally with the characters such as ―Robin Hood‖25. Easter is the oldest and most important Christian Festival, on which day people ________.[A] celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ[B] commemorate the death of Jesus Christ[C] traditionally give bird eggs painted in bright colors as gifts[D] celebrate with chocolate eggs nowadays27. The traditional English breakfast includes _______[A] sausages[B] baked beans[C] fried bread[D] fish and chips28.__________live in Buckingham Palace today.[A] Prime minister David Cameron[B] The Queen and Prince Philip[C] Duke of York Prince Andrew[D] Prince Edward and his wife29. People in England on Halloween day will_________.[A] curve out Pumpkins as lanterns[B] dress up in costume[C] eat roasted turkey[D] knock on doors and demand a treat30. University boat race___________.[A] can be traced back to 19th century[B] is held every autumn[C] Cambridge won the first race in 1829[D] happens on the Thames River31. The functions of the British parliament include____________.[A] passing laws[B] voting for taxation[C] examining government policy[D] debating major issues32. Please choose the statements that are true about the Prime Minister __________________.[A] The Prime Minister is the head of the government[B] The Prime Minister organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings[C] The Prime Minister reports the government’s work to the King or Queen[D] The Prime Minister asks for the King’s or the Queen’s last word in deciding governmentpolicy33. Every British citizen aged 18 or over has the right to vote in the general election with the exception of _____________.[A] certified lunatics[B] certified accountants[C] criminals[D] peers who already have seats in the House of Lords[E] ministers who already have seats in the House of Commons34. Which of the following descriptions about the Conservative Party are true?[A] party of the Left (the reformists)[B] party of the relatively rich and privileged[C] party of the relatively underprivileged[D] uphold the maintenance of order and authority[E] favor monopoly capitalists[F] aims at nationalization of big enterprises35.The House of Lords consists of ______________.[A] the Lords Spiritual(上议院的神职议员),[B] the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England[C] the Lords Temporal (上议院的世俗议员)[D] hereditary peers[E] life peers(终身贵族)36. Which of the following statements are true about the British Constitution?[A] There is no written constitution in the UK.[B] The British Constitution is made up of statute law, common law and conventions.[C] The House of Commons determines common law and interpret statute law.[D] British governance today is based upon the terms and conditions of the constitution.37. Which of the following statements are true about Queen Elizabeth I?[A] She persecuted and burnt many Protestants.[B] She ruled England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single.[C] Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literatureand other arts, in exploration and in battle.[D] She declared England a Commonwealth.38. The aims of the Opposition in the House of Commons are to __________.[A] contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation[B] oppose government proposals[C] seek amendments to government bills[D] put forward its own policies in order to win the next general election41. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient ________.[A] Angles[B] Britons[C] Saxons[D] Gaels42. One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance to ______ .[A] their immediate lord[B] the king[C] the church[D] the mayor43. Which of the following are among Shake speare’s four great tragedies?[A] King Lear[B] Macbeth[C] Hamlet[D] Romeo and Juliet44. There are three political divisions on the islands of Great Britain: ________.[A] England[B] Scotland[C] Wales[D] Ireland45. Britain is separated from the European continent by ________.[A] North Sea[B] Ben Nevis[C] Strait of Dover[D] English Channel47. Scotland has about 800 islands, including ______.[A] the Orkney[B] Shetlands[C] Hebrides[D] Prince of Wales49. The official name of the United Kingdom is ______.[A]the United Kingdom of Great Britain[B] Great Britain[C] Ireland[D] Northern Ireland50.______ are the capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.[A] Edinburgh[B] Cardiff[C] Isles[D] BelfastPart III True or FalseDirections: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1. The Edwardian era (1901-1914) stands out as a time of peace and plenty. There were no severe depressions and prosperity was widespread.2. The First World War saw a decline of economic production, with a major reallocation to munitions. It forced Britain to use up its financial reserves and borrow large sums from the U.S.3. After 1900 the Great Britain dominated global steel production, while the US industry languished.4. The Roosevelt Administration was committed to large-scale economic support of Britain and in early 1941 enacted Lend-Lease, whereby America would give Britain supplies totaling $31.4 billion which had to be repaid.5. During the 1970s Britain suffered a long running period of relative economic decline, followed by severe inflation, strikes and union power as well as inflation, with neither the Conservative government nor the Labour government being able to halt the country's economic decline.6. From the second quarter of 2013, the UK's economy continued to grow for five consecutive quarters, the longest since Q1 of 2008.8. The British literature has a very long history, starting from the Middle age.10. Many British novels become the world bestsellers, among which is a series of novels about Harry Potter, written by J. K. Rowling.11. The observer, which is still published every Sunday, first appeared in 1791, making it the world's oldest national newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is the United Kingdom's oldest daily newspaper.12. Founded in 1922, and headquartered at west London, BBC is the largest radio station in Britain and one of the largest in the world.13. Besides BBC, in Britain, people could receive a great many channels from all over the world, and people may watch a wide range of TV programs due to their different tastes.14. In the UK, the Universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches and the research it conducts.15. Among the European nations, Britain is the largest investor in China.16. Bulls are the most numerous livestock in the UK.18 Officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there is no limits to what will appear in the daily paper.19. The British Broadcasting Corporation-more familiarly known as the BBC is Britain's main public service broadcaster, founded in 1927 as a public service radio station, later moved into TV and film.21. The world’s most famous tennis tournament is Wimbledon.22. Polo was brought to Britain from China in the 19th Century by army officers. It is the fastest ball sport in the world.23. England’s national sport is football.24. Mother’s Day in UK comes in May every year.25. In Britain, Boxing Day is usually celebrated on the following day after Christmas Day, whichis 26 December.26. Many of Christmas customs began long before Jesus was born. They came from earlier festivals which had nothing to do with the Christian church.27. The Tower of London was once a prison.30. London New Year parade starts at midnight, as Big Ben strikes the coming of the New Year.31. The UK is a democratic federal state.32. The present British parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.33. The president of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor, and the presiding officer of the House of Commons is ―Mr. Speaker‖.34. The party that has the majority of seats in the House of Commons will form the government in Britain.35. In Britain, the House of Commons has no power to prevent the passing of legislation approved by the House of Lords.36. As a rule, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is the Prime Minister who is automatically appointed by the Sovereign, and on the Prime Minister’s adv ice the Sovereign formally appoints all the ministers.37. Lords, usually called peers(贵族), either inherited the seat from their forefathers or are appointed by the sovereign.38. MPs (Members of Parliament) in the House of Commons are appointed by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet to represent the people in the UK.41．The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.42. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain are England, Scotland and Ireland.43. England is in the northern part of Great Britain.44. England is the largest, most populous section.45. Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Its capital is Edinburgh.46. English Renaissance literature is primarily artistic, rather than philosophical scholarly.47. Thames River is the longest and most important river in Britain.50. Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.Part IV MatchDirections: Match the pictures in Column A with their descriptions in Column B. 1）Please match the works with its right author1) Column A Column Ba. Charlotte Bronte 1.The Wastelandb. Charles Dickens 2. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Manc. T S Eliot 3. Jane Eyred. Jonathan Swift 4. Oliver Twiste. Daniel Defoe 5. Pride and Prejudicef. Jane Austen 6. Robinson Crusoeg. James Joyce 7. Gulliver’s Travelh. Thomas Hardy 8.The Mayor of Caster bridge3）Match the location with its right description3) Column A Column Ba)10 Downing Street 1.traditional place of coronation and royal weddingsb) Buckingham Palace 2. t he Queen’s weekend homec) Westminster Abbey 3. commemorating a British naval victoryd) Palace of Westminster 4. the Queen’s official London residencee) Windsor Castle 5. Prime Minister’s Officef) Trafalgar Square 6. Houses of Parliament5-9）Match the picture with its right description5) Column A Column Ba. 1. Netballb. 2. Poloc. 3. Rugbyd. 4. Cricket7) Column A Column Ba. 1. Princess Dianab. 2. Charles Darwinc. 3. Florence Nightingaled. 4. Isaac Newton9) Column A Column Ba. 1 Elizabeth Ib. 2 William Shakespearec. 3 Winston Churchilld. 4 Francis BaconPart V Filling in the BlanksDirections: Complete the following blanked sentences with one or more words. 1. London’s ____________shops are part of a uniquely British take-away tradition.3. On Halloween, when children knock on doors demanding a treat, they will say____________.4. ___________ and Regents Street----London's busiest shopping areas--- are decorated with Christmas lights each year.5. The UK (United Kingdom) is made up of four big regions: England, __________, __________ and __________.6. Constitutionally the Queen seems to have great power —every act of the state is done in her name, but in fact the vital power lies in ________ and ________.7. The House of the Commons is divided in the light of political parties. The stronger party forms __________ and the weaker the Opposition. In the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official Opposition, with its own leader and ―__________‖.9. The industrial revolution, which begins in Great Britain, dates from________ to_________. 11. The Romantic Period in British literature is traced back from the year of ___________ to ________ and the Victorian Age is from ________ to ________.12. After 1840 in economy Britain abandoned mercantilism and committed its economy to ___________, with few barriers or tariffs.14. The BBC has___________ channels. BBC 1 entertains people with sports, drama, current affairs, etc. BBC2 provides_______________ with documentaries and shows.15. _____________ about business is not only printed at home but also printed in other countries of the world.16. There are ___________ members of the Commonwealth including_____________ countries as well as_____________ industrial countries.17. During World War II, as a war leader, ______received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.18. ______, the great roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55BC.20. ______ is the second largest city in England and a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.Part VI Short Answer QuestionsDirections: Give your answer to each of the following questions.1. What are the British main trade and industries?2. What are the five important periods of British literature?3. Could you please list five of the most important tragedies and comedies by William Shakespeare?5. How did the British Broadcasting Corporation operate?7. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture?10. Why and where do children hang up Christmas stockings on Christmas Eve?11. When is Easter day?12. What is a constitutional monarchy?14. Describe William Shakespeare?15. Describe the weather of EnglandCultural Knowledge ContestEnglish CultureanswersPart I1-5ADACD 6、8、9 BAB11、13、15 BBB 16-20 BADBC21-24 BDAB 26-29 DBAB31-35 CBCAB 36、38、39 BCC41-45 BBDCC 46-48CACPart II1. BC2.CD3.ABCD4.AB5.ACD6.ABC7.ABCD 9.BCD 11.ABC 12.ABCD 13.ABCD 14.ACD 15.ABCD 16. ABC 17. ABCD 18.AB 20.BCD 21.ABC 22.ABD 24.ACD 25.CD 26. ACD 27.ABC 28.BCD 29. ABD 30.AD 31.ABCD 32.ABC 33.ACD 34.BDE 35.ABCDE 36.ABD 37.BC 38. ABCD 41.AC 42.AB 43.ABC 44.ABC 45.ACD 47.ABC 49.AD 50.ABDPart III1 T2 T3 F （True Statement: After 1900 the US dominated global steel production, while the Great Britain’s industry languished.）4 F （True Statement: The Roosevelt Administration was committed to large-scale economic support of Britain and in early 1941 enacted Lend-Lease, whereby America would give Britain supplies totaling $31.4 billion which had not to be repaid.）5 T6 T8T10T11 T12T13 F (True Statement: Because of the limited number of channels, not only does nearly everyone watch TV, but nearly every one watch the same thing.)14T15T16 F ( Bulls-Sheeps)18 F (no limits-limits)19 F (1927-1922)21 T22 F (China-India)23 F (football-cricket)24 F (May-March)25 T26 T27 T30 F ( midnight-midday)31 F(True statement: The UK is a state of both a parliamentary democracy and aconstitutional monarchy. )32 F(True statement: The present British parliament consists of the Queen, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.)33T34T35 F (True statement: In Britain, the House of Lords has no power to prevent the passing of legislation approved by the House of Commons.)36T37T38 F (True statement: MPs (Members of Parliament) in the House of Commons are elected by the people in the UK to represent them.)41T42 F （Ireland-Wales)43 F (Northern-Southern)44T45 F (Edinburg - Belfast)46 T47 F (True Statement: Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain)50 TPart IV1）a3 b4 c1 d7 e6 f5 g2 h83) a5 b4 c1 d6 e2 f35) a4 b3 c1 d27) a4 b3 c2 d19) a2 b3 c4 d1Part V1. fish and chip3. Trick or Treat5. Wales; Scotland; Northern Ireland7. The Government; shadow cabinet11. 1785-1830; 1830-190112. free trade14. two; special interest audiences15. Financial Times16. fifty; developing; advanced17.Winston Churchill18.Julius Caesar20. BirminghamPart VI1. British main industries today are banking and finance, steel, transport equipment, oil and gas, and tourism.2. Old and Middle English LiteratureNeoclassical PeriodThe Romantic PeriodVictoria PeriodModern Period3. 5 tragedies:Romeo and JulietHamletOthelloKing LearThe Tragedy of Macbeth5 comedies:A Midsummer Night’s DreamThe Merchant of VeniceMuch Ado about NothingTwelfth NightAs you like it4. Mercantilism was the basic policy imposed by Britain on its colonies. Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants—and kept others out—by trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm. The government had to fight smuggling—which became a favorite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French, Spanish or Dutch.5. The BBC was founded in 1926 as a public service radio station and later moved into television. It's now Britain's main public service broadcaster. It currently has two TV channels. BBC 1 specializes in shows with a broad appeal. BBC 2 supplies people with documentaries and shows aimed at particular social groups. The BBC also provides the World Service which broadcasts in English and 43 other languages throughout the world.6. Britain used to rule a third of the globe and thus became a great empire in the world. After the Second World War, the British Empire began to decline as more and more former colonies declared their political independence. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonization continued, though sometimes the process was full of violence. The end of the great British Empire was inevitable. Today the age of。
英国文化复习题
英国文化复习题1) 请大家结合所发材料及上课内容把这些习题所在的知识点掌握；不要去死记硬背，尤其不要把答案带到考场，被抓到舞弊，后果自己负责；2) 简答题希望同学们自己去看材料并做出总结，不要背别人写好的，如果两位同学考试时答案完全一致，都不能得到该题分数。
写得不好无所谓，我最看重的是大家良好的学习态度；3) 古希腊一章主要涉及的是哲学和戏剧这部分，这里我没有给复习题，希望大家自己再去看看所发材料；4) 基督教这章我们不做要求；5) 希望大家结合复习题，再认真阅读本学期《英国文化》所学知识，毕竟我们学习不是完全为了考试；I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false:1. Britain is no longer an imperial country. T2. The Commonwealth of Nations include all European countries. F3. 1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity. F4. The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied the majority of the British people. T5. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales. F6. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F7. When people outside UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T8. The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F9. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T10. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called "Gaelic". F11. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means. T12. Wales is rich in coal deposits. T13. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F14. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F15. Ireland is part of Great Britain. F16. "Ulster", referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish kingdom. T17. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F18. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. F19. The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited the British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T20. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. T21. The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F22. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. T23. It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world. F24. In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution, in contrast to France and the U.S. T25. The oldest institution of government according to the text is the Monarchy. T26. The divine right of kings means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F27. While the King in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute power. F28. The term "parliament" was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns. F 29. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T30. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F31. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts.T32. In the U.K., a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. T33. The parliament can call an election sooner than five years. F34. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. T35. Each main party is given some time on national TV to "sell" their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party. F36. The amount spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. T37. The campaigns are not simply about telling people how good your policies are, but also about telling them how bad your opponents are. T38. Secrecy is not an important part of the voting process. F39. The counting of votes run over a period of a few days. F40. There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text. F41. Liberal Democratic Party is the newest of the major national parties. F42. By the 1880's the British economy was dominant in the world. T43. Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. F44. In World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the U.S. and France. F45. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947. T46. In the 1970's, with the souring price of oil and high rates of inflation, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour Party had to step down from the government. T47. The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher started a series of reforms. An extensive programme of privatization was carried out but she did not succeed in saving the British economy.F48. Tertiary industries include banking, insurance, tourism, agriculture and the selling of goods.F49. Britain has a large sector of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth. F50. According to the text, the tertiary industry produces approximately 2/3 of the national wealth. T51. The service industry in the U.K. employs 70% of the total work force. T52. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and other basic skills but also to socialize children. T53. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught. F54. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in school and universities. F55. The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities "meritocratic".T56. The public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government.F57. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government. T58. In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. TII. Choose the correct answer to each of the following.1.__________ is not considered a characteristic of London. (a) The cultural centre (b) The business centre (c) The financial centre (d) The sports centre2. ________________ is not true about the characteristics of Britain.(a) Economic differences between north and south(b) Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales(c) Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker(d) Cultural differences between immigrants and the British3. _______________ can not be found in London. (a) Teahouses (b) Galleries (c) Museums (d) Theatres4. Which of the following is not true about Britain? (a) It used to be an imperial country in the world. (b) It plays an active role as a member of European Union. (c) It is a relatively wealthy and developed country. (d) It used to be one of the superpowers in the world.5. Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the exception?(a) London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country.(b) London has a larger population than all other cities in England.(c) London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in theworld.(d) London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.6. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by___________.(a) King Harold(b) Robin Hood(c) Oliver Cromwell(d) William the Conqueror7.________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. (a) The Anglo-Saxons (b) The Normans (c) The Vikings (d) The Romans8. __________ is the largest city in Scotland. (a) Cardiff (b) Edinburgh (c) Glasgow (d) Manchester9. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century?(a) They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.(b) They felt it necessary to develop their own industry.(c) They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion.(d) They had to do it in order to resist the English.10. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? (a) In the Highlands. (b) In the Lowlands. (c) In the Uplands. (d) In the west of Scotland.11. Which of the following statements is not true? (a) Wales was invaded by the Romans. (b) Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons. (c) Wales was conquered by the Normans. (d) Wales was threatened by the English.12. Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland?(a) The Labour Party.(b) The Liberal Party.(c) The Scottish Nationalist Party.(d) The Conservative Party.13. Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments ________.(a) In 1715(b) In 1688(c) In 1745(d) In 170714. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism because___________.(a) he became the first Prince of Wales in 1267(b) he brought the English under his control(c) he led a historic uprising against the English(d) he unified Wales as an independent nation15. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because___________.(a) they wanted to increase its control over Ireland(b) they had too many people and didn't have enough space for them to live in(c) they intended to expand their investment(d) they believed that Ireland was the best place for them16. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street. They came first___________.(a) to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland(b) to protect the Catholic people(c) to protect the Protestant people(d) to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social order17. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for___________.(a) its most famous landmark, the "Giant's Causeway"(b) its rich cultural life(c) its low living standards(d) its endless political problems18. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organised a partition of Ireland, because___________. (a) the British government wouldn't be able to control Ireland any longer by force(b) the British government intended to satisfy both sides─Catholics as well as Protestants(c) Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland(d) Protestants welcomed the idea of partition19. Which of the following statements is not true?(a) Sinn Fein is the legal political Party in Northern Ireland.(b) Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.(c) Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political Party in Britain.(d) Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.20. In the early 1970s, the IRA___________.(a) killed many Protestants and Catholics(b) burned down the houses of Catholics(c) murdered individuals at random(d) carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target21. 1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because___________.(a) 13 Catholics were shot dead by the police(b) 468 people were killed in Northern Ireland(c) the government carried out a policy known as "internment"(d) Bloody killing of 468 people fortified Catholic opposition to the British presence in Northern Ireland22. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with "direct-rule" from London?(a) The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.(b) The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.(c) The Power-Sharing policy couldn't be carried out.(d) All the above.23. Which of the following statements is not true?(a) In 1981, some convicted IRA prisoners went on a hunger-strike.(b) They demanded for the status of being "political prisoners" by starving themselves.(c) Margaret Thatcher's government gave in to their political demand.(d) The death of prisoners revitalized the political movement of Sinn Fein.24. How many counties do you know there are in Northern Ireland? (a) 26. (b) 6. (c) 32. (d) 20.25. Which of the following is not characteristic of British government? (a) It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power. (b) It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. (c) It is the oldest representative democracy in the world. (d) It has no written form of Constitution.26. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war? (a) James I. (b) James II. (c) Charles I. (d) Charles II.27. What happened in 1215? (a) It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history. (b) Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta. (c) Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants. (d) King Egbert united England under his rule.28. Which of the following is not true about the Great Council? (a) They included barons and representatives from counties and towns. (b) They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money. (c) They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet. (d) They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.29. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? (a) James II. (b) William of Orange. (c) Oliver Cromwell. (d) George I.30. Which of the following is not true about the Constitution?(a) It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government.(b) It is the foundation of British governance today.(c) Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.(d) The common laws are part of the Constitution.31. Which of the following about the Parliament is not true? (a) There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. (b) Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament. (c) Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws. (d) Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.32. Which of the following about the Queen is not true? (a) The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. (b) The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the British state. (c) The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister. (d) The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.33. Which of the following about the House of Lords is not true? (a) Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings. (b) It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. (c) The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public. (d) Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.34. Which of the following about the House of Commons is not true? (a) Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. (b) MPs receive salaries and some other allowances. (c) MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public. (d) Most MPs belong to the major political parties.35. Which group of people can not vote in the general election? (a) Members in the House of Commons. (b) Lords in the House of Lords. (c) The UK citizens above the age of 18. (d) The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.36. By whom is a "vote of no confidence" decided? (a) The House of Commons. (b) The House of Lords. (c) The two major parties. (d) The Prime Minister.37. Which of the following is not true about the electoral campaigns?(a) Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television.(b) There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in theirconstituency campaign.(c) Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.(d) Candidates criticize each other's policies to show how good their own policies are.38. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?(a) 651.(b) 326.(c) 626.(d) 351.39. Which of the following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to the poorer people in the society?(a) The Conservative party.(b) The Liberal Democrats.(c) The Party of Wales.(d) The Labour party.40. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is not true? (a) It has been in power for an unusually long period of time. (b) It prefers policies that protect individual's rights. (c) It receives a lot of the funding from big companies. (d) It is known as a party of high taxation levels.41. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979?(a) The Conservative government.(b) The Liberal government.(c) The Labour government.(d) The radical government.42. Which period of time in British history was described as "private affluence and public squalor"?(a) The 1940s.(b) The 1970s.(c) The 1980s.(d) The 1990s.43. Which of the following about the "poll tax" is not true? (a) It was introduced by the Conservative government. (b) It was introduced by the Labour government. (c) It was an attempt to change local government taxes. (d) It was criticized by many citizens.44. Who is the leader of the Labour party at present? (a) John Major. (b) Tony Blair. (c) Harold Wilson. (d) Margaret Thatcher. 45. Which of the following statements about the UK economy is not true?(a) Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.(b) Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.(c) There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.(d) Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.Answer:46. Which of the following was not the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945?(a) Britain did not invest in modern equipment and new products.(b) Britain spent a high proportion of its national wealth on the military.(c) Britain had been heavily in debt to finance the war.(d) Britain had carried out the nationalisation of the businesses.47. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? (a) Beef cattle. (b) Dairy cattle. (c) Chicken. (d) Sheep.48. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (a) In the southeast of England. (b) In the northeast of England. (c) In the southeast of Scotland. (d) In the northeast of Scotland.49. Which of the following is not a company in the energy sector? (a) Shell. (b) ICI. (c) RTZ. (d) British Gas.50. Which of the following used to be the last independent car company inthe UK?(a) Ford.(b) Peugeot.(c) Rover.(d) BMW.51. In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? (a) The U.S. and Germany. (b) The U.S. and Russia. (c) Germany and Russia. (d) France and Russia.52. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (a) Imperial Airways. (b) British Airways. (c) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation. (d) The British Aircraft Corporation.53. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937? (a) He invented the first jet plane. (b) He developed the first jet engine. (c) He made the first powered flight. (d) He made the trans-Atlantic flight.54. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI? (a) Boeing. (b) Rolls Royce. (c) McDonnel-Douglas. (d) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.55. British Aerospace was the merger of which two companies? (a) The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation. (b) The British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls Royce. (c) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC Avionics. (d) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce.56. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to___________. (a) private schools (b) independent schools (c) state schools (d) public schools57. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16___________. (a) can legally receive partly free education (b) can legally receive completely free education (c) can not receive free education at all (d) can not receive free education if their parents are rich58. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called___________.(a) General Certificate of Education—Advanced(b) General Certificate of Secondary Education(c) the common entrance examination(d) General National Vocational Qualifications59. _____________ is a privately funded university in Britain. (a) The University of Cambridge (b) The University of Oxford (c) The University of Edinburgh (d) The University of Buckingham60. Which of the following is not true?(a) Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.(b) Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.(c) Parents send their children to public schools because their children can have a better chance of getting into a good university.(d) Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools.61. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Open University? (a) It's open to everybody. (b) It requires no formal educational qualifications. (c) No university degree is awarded. (d) University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect.62. In the examination called "the 11 plus", students with academic potential go to ___________.(a) grammar schools(b) comprehensive schools(c) public schools(d) technical schools63. Which of the following is not included in the National Curriculum?(a) Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.(b) Children must sit in A-level exams.(c) Children must pass national tests.(d) Teachers must teach what they are told.64. Which of the following is not true about the British education system? (a) It's run by the state. (b) It's funded by the state. (c) It's supervised by the state. (d) It's dominated by the state.65. _________________ would admit children without reference to their academic abilities.(a) Comprehensive schools(b) Secondary schools(c) Independent schools(d) Grammar schoolsⅢ.Topics for Discussion1. What was the British Empire? What do you know about it? In what way is the Empire still felt in Britain and in the international field?2. Why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the British people with a few simple phrases?3. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland? How did Scotland become part of the union of Great Britain?4. Describe characteristics of Wales and Wales' unification with Great Britain.5. Are there any differences between England, Scotland and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?6. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?7. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?8. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have differentsolutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.9. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?10. What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?11. How did the doctrine of the "divine right of kings", according to the author, lead to the English Civil War? What do you know about the causes of the English Revolution in the 17th century?12. What is the history of English parliament? What role did the parliament play in the Civil War?13. Discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the British constitution.14. Why does the author say that parliament is supreme in the British state? What functions does parliament have? What role does the Queen ( King ) and the Prime Minister play in British government?15. What kind of institution is the House of Lords? What role does it play in British government?16. Who can stand for election as an MP in the UK? Why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?17. What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?18. What are some of the recent political trends in the UK? Are these trends more democratic or undemocratic? What is the author's opinion?19. The author says that John Major's conservatives remain unpopular in 1997. What reasons does the author give for this political situation?20. Please define "absolute decline and relative decline" in the UK economy. How does the author explain the reasons for the absolute decline and relative decline?21. What did the Conservative Party under Mrs. Margaret Thatcher promise to do to the UK national economy in 1979? The word "reform" in the national economy was also popular when Mrs. Margaret Thatcher formed the government and decided to change the UK economy. What was her radical reform program? Was the program successful according to the author?22. What are the three main areas in national economies? Describe thedevelopment of each of the three areas in the UK economy.23. The author believes that Britain, like most developed economics, has seena relatively shrinking of the importance of secondary industry and a spectacular growth in tertiary or service industries. Why is it so? Do you see a similar growth in tertiary industries in China in the past 20 years? How is this growth related to the reform and opening up to the outside world?24. What are the purposes of the British education system? Please comment on these purposes. What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?25. How does the British education system reflect social class?26. What are the major changes that have taken place since World War II? Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality? Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points.27. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist?28. What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of this system?。
英国概况期末复习题
英国概略期末复习题I Land and PeopleI. Multiple choice1.The geographical names for the U. K. are __A__.A. the British Isles, Great Britain, EnglandB. the British Isles, Great Britain, Northern IrelandC. the British Isles, Great Britain, the UnitedKingdom D. Britain, England, the United Kingdom2.The longest river in Britain is __C__.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3.Whose speech is closest to BBC English?BA. a Cockney( 伦敦佬 )B. Southerners in EnglandC. Northerners in EnglandD. A Welsh4.The welsh are fond of __D__.A. foodB. sportsC. fashionD. music II. Fill in the blanks:1.The four political divisions of Britain are __ English __,__ Wales __, __ Scotland __, and _ Northern Ireland ___.2.The official full name of Britain is _ the United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland __.3. The English Channel between England and France isquite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Strait of __Dover __, which is only 33 kilometers across.4.Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are __highlands __, while the east and southeast are mostly __ lowlands__.5.__ the Thames,__ is the second largest and mostimportant river in Britain. It is 336 kilometers long.6.The ancestors of the English are _ Anglo-Saxons ___, whilethe Scots , Welsh and Irish are __ Celts __.答案II. 1., , ,2.3.4.,5.6.,II Transition to the Modern Age (1455-1688)I. Multiple Choice1. The English Reformation began with __B__.A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary TudorD. Edward VI2.The Renaissance began in __C__ in the early __century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 153.The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was planned by __A__.4.Three of the following were characteristics of the Elizabethan age. Which of the four is the exception?AA. Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament.B. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith.C. This was the age of literature which Shakespeare lived and when English literatureblossomed.D. This was the beginning of trade and colonization.5.The English Civil War is also called __D__.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution6. In __B__, a small group of Puritans sailed from Plymouth in the ship named ____ to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1621, MayflowerC. 1588, ArmadaD. 1688, PlymouthII. Fill in the Blanks1.The Wars of __ Roses __ was fought between the House of Lancaster and the House of York which lasted for 30 years between 1455 and 1485. The House of Lancaster was symbolized by __ red __ rose, and the House of York by _ white ___ rose.2.In 1588, Philip II of Spain dispatched the fleet called __England but was defeated by the British navy. 3. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in __ the Divine Right of Kings __.4.During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported __ the king,__, while the Roundheads supported __ the Parliament __.5.After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a __ Commonwealth __, later, he became Lord Protector.6. In 1707, the Act of Union united England and __ Scotland __.7. The emphasis of the English Renaissance was __ humanism __ and individualism.8.The Glorious Revolution marked the beginning of theage of __ constitutional __ monarchy.答案I. Multiple Choice1.B2. C3.A4.A5.D6. B II. Fill in the Blanks1.4.5. 6. 7. 8. the Armada __ to invadeIII.The EconomyI Multiple choice1.Soon after__C___, Britain not only gave up its economichegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.2.In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britainmaintained the lowest ___B__ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth3. Under Mrs Thatcher's government __D___ replacedprices and income control and interventionism.A. PrivatizationB. deregulationC. market liberalizationD. All the above4. Just as the 1940s is remembered in Britain as the era of___D__, the 1980s will be remembered as the decade of ____.A. industrialization, nationalizationB. nationalization, industrializationC. Privatization, nationalizationD. nationalization, privatization5.Britain's foreign trade is mainly with __C___.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC II. Fill in the blanks1.In March 1979 the __ Conservative ___ Party under the Leadership of Mrs Thatcher won the election.2. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under_____.3.New industries in Britain include microprocessors, computer, __ biotechnology ___ and other high-tech industries.4.The new farming in Britain has been called ___ agribusiness __. There are mainly six farming types in Britain.5.In Southeast London there are many fruit farms, which are called __ the Garden ___ of London.答案I. Multiple choice1.C2. B3. D4. D5. C II. Fill in the blanks1. 2. 3. 4.5. the North Sea IV. Government and AdministrationI Multiple choice1. The system of Parliamentary government is based on __D__.A. a written constitutionB. conventionsC. statute law and common lawD. both B and C2. Which of the following is NOT true?BA. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nationB. The Queen is a symbol of the parliamentary democracyC. The Queen is the “supreme governor" of the established Church of EnglandD. The Queen is the centre of many national ceremonies3.The House of Lords or the House of Commons is at present presided over respectively by ____C_.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the SpeakerD. the Prime Minister4.A General Election in Britain is generally held every ___C__ years.A. fourB. sixC. fiveD. two5.The Prime Minister is appointed by __C___ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD.the Queen, the House of Lords6.The ultimate authority for law-making resides in ___D__.1.The United Kingdom is a __ Constitutional ___ monarchy: the head of the state is a __ king ___ or a __ Queen ___.2. British constitution is made up of ___statute law __, ___common law__ and ___ conventions __.3.The Sovereign ’s coronation ceremony takes place at ___ Westminster Abbey __ in London.4.Britain ’s parliament consists of ___ th e Sovereign __, ___the House of Lords __, and ___ the House of Commons __.5.The House of Lords is made up of ___ the Lords Spiritual__ and ___ the Lords Temporal __.6. The party which wins the second largest number of seatsbecomes the official ___ Opposition __, with its own leader and“Shadow ___ cabinet”.7.The Prime Minister is appointed by ___ the Queen __,and his/her official residence is ___ No. 10 Downing Street __.8.Ministers are appointed by __ the Queen,___ on therecommendation of the __ the Prime Minister,___. The most seniorministers compose ___ the Cabinet __.答案I. Multiple choiceII.Fill in theblanks 7., 8.V. Justice and LawI. Multiple Choice1. The sources of British law include __A___.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Union lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. Statutes, common law and European Union lawD. a complete code and statutes2.In criminal trials by jury, ___A__ passes sentence and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury3.__D___ tries the most serious offence such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates' courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court4.There is no ministry of justice in the United Kingdom. Central responsibility lies with ___D__.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Attorney GeneralD. A. B and C5.London's Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of___D__.1.The British courts are divided into ___ criminal __courts and ___ civil __ courts according to the nature of cases2.The criminal law in Britain presumes the ___ innocence __of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonabledoubt.3.The jury usually consists of __ 12___ persons in England,Wales and Northern Ireland, and ___15__ persons in Scottand.4.In Britain the Supreme Courts include Courts of___Appeal,__, the __ Crown ___ Court and the High Court.5.The __ Scotland Yard ___ refers to the Criminalinvestigation Department of London police and as suchfrequently appears in English detective stories.1.,2.3.,4.5.VI. Social AffairsI. Multiple choice1.The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except ____D_.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit2.Except that __A___ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or of none.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments3.Which of the following statements is not true?DA. The Sovereign must be a member of Church of England.B. Church of England archbishops and deans are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the PM.C. The two archbishops, the bishops of London, Durham and Winchester have seats in the House of Lords.D. Clergy of the Church of England and of other churches may sit the House of Commons.4. The government of the Church of Scotland is ___B__.A. the Lord CommissionerB. PresbyterianC. EpiscopalD.Anglican5. The Christian festivals in Britain are __D___.A. Christmas and EasterB. Christmas and Whit SundayC. Easter and Whit SundayD. Christmas, Easter and WhitSunday6.Which of the following is not concerned with Easter?CA. Easter celebrates the Resurrection of Christ.B. Easter is on the first Sunday after the first full moon thatcomes with or after the spring equinox.C. On Easter, people exchange presents and greeting cards.D. Easter is traditionally associated with the eating of Eastereggs.7. The important patriotic festival in Britain is ___C__. A. St.George’s Day B. St. Patrick’s Day C. Armistice Day D. Boxing Day1.II. Fill in the blanks,2.3.4.5.,,,,1.In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to __ the National Health Service ___, national insurance and ___ social security __.2. The NHS was established in the UK in __1948___,and over 82 percent of the cost is funded out of ___ general taxation __.3.The NHS provides the ___ family health __ services and __ hospital ___ and specialist services.4. Generally a woman is GB retire at __60___and a man at __65___.5. The two established churches in Britain are __ the Church of England ___ and ___ the Church of Scotland __.6.The Church of England has two provinces __ Canterbury__ and __ York __. 7. The Church of England is not free to change its form of worship, as laid in the Book of _ Common Prayer ____, without the consent of ___ Parliament __.8.The main unestablished churches in Britain are ___ the Anglican Churches __, _ _ the Free Churches ___, and __ ___. the Roman Catholic Church9.The formal structure of the Roman Catholic Church was restored in __1850___ and there are now ___ 7__ Roman Catholic provinces in Great Britain.10.The Christian festivals are __ Christmas ___, __ Easter ___ and __ Whit Sunday ___.6.“___ Hogmanay11. __ ” (New Year ’s Eve) is more important than Christmasto Scots.7. The ___ twenty-first12.__ birthday is great event which marks the beginning of full mankind or womanhood.答案I. Multiple Choice。
英美文化概况考研真题答案
英美文化概况考研真题答案一、选择题1. 英国的国教是：A. 天主教B. 东正教C. 新教D. 伊斯兰教答案：C2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 4月4日D. 4月16日答案：A3. 英国文学史上最著名的戏剧家是：A. 乔治·奥威尔B. 威廉·莎士比亚C. 查尔斯·狄更斯D. 托马斯·哈代答案：B4. 美国的首都是：A. 纽约B. 华盛顿特区C. 洛杉矶D. 芝加哥答案：B5. 英国的君主立宪制开始于：A. 光荣革命B. 工业革命C. 法国大革命D. 美国独立战争答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的全称是_________。
答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的宪法制定于_________年。
答案：17873. 英国的第二大城市是_________。
答案：曼彻斯特4. 美国的国花是_________。
答案：玫瑰5. 英国的议会分为_________和_________。
答案：上议院下议院三、简答题1. 简述英国的工业革命对世界的影响。
答案：英国的工业革命是18世纪末至19世纪初的一场重大经济和社会变革，它极大地提高了生产效率，促进了城市化进程，改变了人类的工作和生活方式。
工业革命还推动了全球贸易的发展，加速了资本主义经济体系的形成，并对全球的政治、经济格局产生了深远的影响。
2. 描述美国的文化多元性。
答案：美国是一个文化多元的国家，其文化多元性主要体现在种族、宗教、语言和社会习俗等方面。
美国汇聚了来自世界各地的移民，形成了一个包容各种文化和价值观的社会。
这种多元性不仅丰富了美国的文化生活，也促进了创新和社会进步。
四、论述题1. 论述英美两国在教育体系上的差异。
答案：英国和美国在教育体系上存在一些显著的差异。
英国的教育体系较为传统和统一，强调学术性和等级制度，而美国的教育体系则更为灵活和多样化，强调创新和实践能力。
英国的大学教育通常为期三年，而美国的大学教育则为四年。
英国文学试题及答案
英国文学试题及答案在英国文学领域有许多经典作品和重要的作家，这些作品和作家对于英国文学的发展产生了深远影响。
本篇文章将为您介绍一些英国文学的试题及答案，希望能够对您的学习有所帮助。
试题一：请简要介绍威廉·莎士比亚的作品和他在英国文学中的地位。
答案：威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）被认为是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧作家之一。
他的作品包括戏剧、诗歌和史诗。
莎士比亚共创作了37个戏剧作品，包括悲剧、喜剧、历史剧和十四行诗。
他的作品以丰富的人物形象、深入的情感描写和复杂的剧情而闻名。
莎士比亚的作品深刻地揭示了人性的善恶、爱恨和欲望等诸多主题，对于英国文学及全球文学的发展都产生了巨大影响。
试题二：简要介绍查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》及其在英国文学中的地位。
答案：《雾都孤儿》是查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）的一部重要小说作品。
这部小说于1859年首次出版，以伦敦的贫民窟为背景，通过讲述主人公奥利弗·特威斯特的成长历程，揭示了当时社会的不公和贫困问题。
《雾都孤儿》描写了贫富悬殊、社会阶级问题以及人性的善恶等主题，对于英国社会的改革起到了重要的推动作用。
该小说深受读者的喜爱，被誉为狄更斯最伟大的作品之一，也是英国文学中的经典之作。
试题三：请简要介绍简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》及其在英国文学中的地位。
答案：《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）的代表作之一，被视为英国文学史上最伟大的小说之一。
这部小说于1813年首次出版，以描写19世纪英国社会的阶级观念和婚姻观念为主题。
《傲慢与偏见》通过讲述女主人公伊丽莎白·本内特与达西先生之间的爱情故事，探讨了社会的偏见、男女间的相互误解以及人性的盲目等问题。
奥斯汀以幽默和讽刺的手法展现了社会的虚伪和愚昧，对当时英国社会的改革产生了积极的影响。
通过以上试题及答案，我们可以了解到威廉·莎士比亚、查尔斯·狄更斯和简·奥斯汀等作家对于英国文学的重要地位以及他们作品所揭示的社会问题和人性的思考。
英国文学习题
英国文学习题I名词解释(请用5-10个句子解释下列名词). epicRomanceSentimentalismByronic HeroClassicismsonnetThe EnlightenmentThe Aesthetic MovementByronic HeroRomanticismclassicismhumanismII请从生平、主要作品、历史地位三个方面介绍下列作家1. Charles Dickens2. William Shakespear3. John Milton4. William Wordsworth5. Jane Austen6. George Bernard Shaw7. Alexander Pope8. John Donne9 Daniel Defoe10 William Butler Yeats11. James JoyceIII 填空1. The most popular literary form in the Anglo-Norman period was romance, inwhich the central character was Knight _.2. In 1066, The Norman Conquest marked the beginning of Feudalism in England.3. A ballad _ is written in 4-line stanzas with the second and fourth lines rhymes.4. English Renaissance period was an age of _ poetry _ and drama.5. Samuel Richardson’s Pamela_ was regarded the first English psychological(analysis) novel6. In Paradise Lost, Satan tempts Eve to eat an apple from the forbidden tree.7.Metaphysical Poetry is characterized by fantastic metaphors and extravaganthyperboles.8. Walter Scott’s chief contribution to English literature lies in his novels of _ history _9. The main literary stream of the 18th century was _ realism _.10. Joyce is the founder and one of the most prominent writers of stream of consciousness _ school of novel writing.11. The Talter and The Spectator published by Joseph Addison and Richard Steelein the early 18th century, was a moralistic journal.12. Robert Burns is famous for his poetry written in Scottish dialect.13. The watchwords of the French Revolution are Liberty, equality and Fraternity.14. Romanticism extended from 1798 when Lyrical Ballads was published and in1832 when Scott died.16. Walter Scott’s literary career marked the transition from romanticism torealism which followed it.17. The subtitle of Vanity Fair—“A Novel without a Hero” emphasizes the factthat the writer’s intention was not to portray individuals but the the society as a whole.18. Piers the Plowman is written in the form of a dream vision19. The two cities in A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens are Londonand Paris20. “Dubliners”is a collection of short stories written by James Joyce in thewriting style of stream of consciousness21. The long poem Beowulf in Anglo-Saxon pe riod was termed England’s nationalepic.22. “Conceit” is a term applied in particular to the metaphysical school.23. The appearance and development of sentimentalism marked the midway in thetransition from classicism to its opposite, romanticism.24. The two great dramatists in the 18th century were Oliver Goldsmith andRichard Brinsley Sheridan whose most famous play was The School for Scandal.25. William Blake is often regarded as a symbolist and mystic.26. The impetus of the Romantic Movement includes the French Revolution andthe Industrial Revolution.27. William Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by the simplicity as well as thepurity of his language.28. Jane Austen was the first woman writer to touch the theme of the predicamentof women29. Both Hardy’ s poems and novels are transition from realism to modernism30. Perhaps the greatest odes of the 19th century were Keats's Five Great Odes of1819 which included Ode to a Nightingale Ode on Melancholy, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Psyche and T o Autumn IV．请从诗歌的形式（格律，押韵，句式等）和内容及意义上分析诗歌1. William Wordsworth I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud2. John Donne Tiger3.Percy Bysshe Shelley Ode to the West Wind4. Robert Burns A Red Red RoseV 选择1. _______ is the greatest song writer in the world. He is the national poet of ScotlandA. Robert Burns C. Jonathan SwiftB. William Blake D. Oliver Goldsmith2. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is______.A. science C. artsB. philosophy D. humanism2. Which of the following works is not written by John Galsworthy?A. The Forsyte Saga C. The End of the ChapterB. A Modern Comedy D. The Time Machine3. Rudyard Kipling is best known for his ________.A. T he Jungle Books C. The White Man’s BurdenB. The Old Wive’s Tale D. Anna of the Five Towns3. __________ is regarded as “the father of English Criticism”.A. John Bunyan C. John MiltonB. John Dryden D. John Newman4. Thomas Gray turned out to be a poet of transition from the neoclassic to the________ periodA. Romantic C. RealisticB. Humanism D. classicism5. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement?A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman cultureB. The new discoveries in geography and astrologyC. The Glorious revolutionD. The religious reformation and the economic expansion6. As a matter of fact, Victorian literature was many-sided and complex and _______ became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.. A. poetry C. romanceB. novel D. ballad7. _____ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s Progress C. Paradise LostB. The Canterbury Tales D. Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded8. John Milton’s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of_____.A. rhymed stanzas C. alliterationB. blank verse D. sonnets9. The Waste Land was a landmark in English poetry, ending the Romantic period and signifying the emergence of ________.A. ModernismB. ClassicismC. RealismD. Sentimentalism10. ____ has been regarded as one of the founding figures of the genre---sciencefictionA. John Keats C. William WordsworthB. William Blake D. H. G. Wells10. Heavily influenced by _______. D. H. Lawrence placed emphasis on thedepiction of the inner world and the irrational and called for the emancipation of the idA. John Keats C. FreudianismB. William Blake D. P. B. Shelley11. John Donna is considered a master of the metaphysical _________.A. image C. romanceB. conceit D. enlightenment12. The years between 1832 and the early 1850s saw an important series of events known as the ________.A. the Chartist Movement C. the ProtestantismB. the Enlightenment D. the Colonism13. Gothic novels are mostly stories of_______, which take place in some hauntedor dilapidated Middle Age castles.A. love and marriage C. mystery and horrorB. sea adventures D. saints and martyrs15. Among the following plays _______ is not written by Christopher Marlowe?A. Dr. Faustus C. TamburlaineB. The Jew of Malta D. The School for Scandal16. _____ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s Progress C. Paradise LostB. The Canterbury Tales D. Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded17. Dickens is a comprehensive novelist. His _______ is the most distinguishingfeature of his creationA. character-portrayal C. nature-descriptionB. plot-planning D. society-description18. ___________’s major comp laint was about their over-emphasis on thedescription of externalities in their representation of life rather than on the internal world of manA. John Keats C. Virginia WoolfB. William Blake D. P. B. Shelley19. In about 700 B.C, the earliest settlers,_________, a tribe of Celts, came to the island.A. Scots C. BritonsB. Jutes D. Anglo-Saxons20. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “_______”, for his contributionto the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. Best writer of the English novelB. The father of English novelC. The most gifted writer of the English novelD. conventional writer of English novel22. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about alegendary outlaw called ________A. Rob Roy C. Oliver CromwellB. Jonathan Wild D. Robin Hood23. Ulysses describes the experience of a few people during the day of _______, June 16, 1904 and the few hours early the next morning.A. MondayB. TuesdayC. FridayD. Thursday24. “If Winter comes，can Spring be far behind.” is an epigrammatic line by ____.A. John Keats C. William WordsworthB. William Blake D. P. B. Shelley25. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ___ _.A. Romanticism C. medieval periodB. Renaissance D. Anglo-Saxon period28. The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain asubstantial existence on a lonely island reflects _______.A. man’s desire to return toB. the author’s criticism of the colon izationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrats’ disillusionment of the harsh social reality。
英国社会与文化知识点试题
chapter1Ageneralsurvey1、UK全称:Officialname---theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.----theUnitedKingdomoftheUK每个nation的capitalCapitalcity NationalEmblemEngland London roseScotland Edinburgh Thistle蓟花Wales Cardiff加的夫Daffodil水仙花NorthernIreland Belfast贝尔法斯特Shamrock三叶草2、NorthernIreland:LoughNeagh:thelargestlake inBritainwhichcoversanareaof396k㎡(内伊湖)3、Scotland:BenNevis:thehighestmountain inBritain（本尼维斯山）4、Edinburgh:1.thecapitalcityofScotland2.economiccenterofScotland3.atouristcitysecondonlytoLondoninUK(RoyalMiles&PrincesStreet)皇家英里大道&王子大街（1）Edinburghcastle(十字皇宫）:symbolofEdinburgh&situatedona moundofVol（2）Windsorcastle(温莎城堡）:largestoccupiedcastle（3）Holyroodpalace（荷里路德宫）：theofficialresidence（住处）oftheMonarch oftheUnitedKingdominScotland,locatedatthebottomoftheRoyalMileinEdinburgh,attheoppo siteendtoEdinburghCastleThestoneofdestiny命运之石Coronationstone加冕石==referredtoinEnglandReferendum苏格兰公投5、EnglandMountain-thePennines(北乃恩山脉)BackboneofthecentralNorthernEnglandLondonEast-poorWest-richimportantriverinLondon：Thames泰晤士河LondonEye：thelargestFerrisWheel摩天轮inEurope/BigBen=ElizabethTowerthelargestfour-facedchimingclockWestminsterAbbey威斯敏斯特教堂PalaceofWestminster威斯敏斯特宫HouseofParliament国会大厦BuckinghamPalace白金汉宫3、FurtherinformationNationalcurrency（本国货币）：GBP=GreatBritainPound（英镑）Nationalday：Queen’sBirthday2nd SaturdayofJunesince1952实际=April21,1926Nationalflag：UnionFlagadoptedonJan1st1801Nationalflower：roseLocation：WesternEurope6、Geography(Q:DescribethegeographicalpositionofBritain?).Location---LocatedoffthenorthwestcoastofEurope ---anislandcountrysurroundedbyfourseas.tothesouthbytheEnglishChannel,whichseparatesitfromcontinentalEurope .totheeastbytheNorthSea .tothewestbytheIrishsea.tothenorthbytheAtlanticOcean 7、Land&People.veryunevenlydistributed:90%urban10%rural.Britain multiracial societyand1in20peopleareof non-European ethnicity 8、Climate :a Favorable MaritimeClimate （海洋性气候） Q:.arainy,changeableandunpredictableweather .mild （温和的）wintersandcoolsummers.asteadyandreliable （稳定的）rainfallthroughouttheyear.asmallrangeoftemperature(4-6℃inthenorthinWinter,and12-17℃inthesouthinsummer) AndFactor 影响因素.Thesurroundingwaters Q:.south-westwinds.NorthAtlanticDrift （北大西洋漂流）9、TheBritishIsles,GreatBritain,England,theUnitedKingdomandtheBritishCommonwealth Officialname+TheBritishIsles-----GreatBritain(England,Wales,Scotland) -----NorthernIreland(alsoknownasUlster)-----TheRepublicofIreland(alsotheIrishRepublic,formerly Eire) -----Numerous smallerislandsernment1、政治体制--议会制君主立宪制ConstitutionalMonarchy 君主立宪制ParliamentaryDemocracy 议会民主制 2、Monarch 君主:QueenElizabeth Ⅱ Born:April21,1926QueensinceJune2,1952 Officiallytheheadofstate,thecountryisactuallyrun BythegovernmentandledbythePrimeMinister3、MagnaCarta(=GreatCharter)大宪章KingJohn(agreedin)1215 Q:WhatpowersdoestheQueenhave? -Shereignsbutdoesnotrule(临朝不理政)Theoretically,sheisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers: .anintegralpartofthelegislature.headoftheexecutive,legislativeandjudiciarybranches .thecommander-in-chiefofallarmedforcesoftheCrown .”supremegove rn or”oftheChurchofEnglan d4、Parliament :Legislativebody Locatedin WestminsterQ:Parliamentconsistsof theSovereign,theHouseofLords&theHouseofCommons Parliament （aFrenchwordforatalking-place) .Femalesallowedtovoteuntil1918 BritishIslesUnitedKingdomIreland RepublicNorthern OfIrelandIreland GreatBritainScotlandWalesEngland WalesEngland.Aby-electionisheldwhenaMemberofParliamentdies,retiresorresigns(递补选举)Q:MainFunctionofParliament:.tomakelaws.tocontrolandcriticizetheexecutivegovernment.tocontroltheraisingandthespendingofmoney.todebatethemajorissuesofthedayTheHouseofLords上议院ConsistsoftheLordsSpiritual(神职议员)andthelordsTemporal(世俗议员）withtheLord chancellor（大法官）asthePresidentoftheHouseTheheadoftheHouseofCommons--theSpeaker议长NextonlytothePrimeMinisterHouseofCommonsnumberofmembers6505.Executive行政Executivebody:theSovereign,PrimeMinister&CabinetNo.10DowningStreet唐宁街10号→Legislature-Parliament→HouseofLords(semi-political)→HouseofCommons(Political)Monarch(non-political)→Executive:PrimeMinister&Cabinet(Political)→Judiciary:HouseofLords(non-political)Chapter3GeneralElection&PoliticalParties1.GeneralElection(1)Theelectorate(选民，有选举权者):About99%ofthepopulation(excludingcriminals,insane(疯的）people,etc)intheUKhaverighttovote.(2)Constituencies(选区):about650(3)Thetermofaparliament:5years(4)Thepartywhichholdsa majority oftheseatsinparliamentformsagovernment,withitspartyleader asPrimeMi nster(5)InBritainthecitizensaged18orover havetherighttovote.(6)InBritainacandidatemustbeatleast21orover withthedeposit（押金）of500pounds.(7)TheUK’s First-Past-the-Post(简单多数票当选)electoralsystem.Q:Itwascoinedasananalogytohorseracing1).Thewinneroftheraceisthefirsttopassaparticularpointonthetrack.2).Allotherrunnersautomaticallyandcompletelylose.3).Itis“winner-takes-all”(赢者统吃)4).Thecandidatemustreceivethelargestnumberofvoteswins.UnitedKingdomgeneralelection,2010The ConservativeParty,ledbyDavidCameron,wonthelargestnumberofvotesandseatsbutstillfelltwentyseat sshort.Thisresultedina hungparliament（悬垂议会）wherenopartywasabletocommandamajorityintheHouseofCommons.Coalitiontalks（联合声明）beganimmediatelybetweentheConservativesandtheLiberalDemocratsandlastedforfivedays.OnTuesday11M ay,BrownannouncedhisresignationasPrimeMinister,makingtheendof13yearsofLabourgovernment.Thiswas acceptedbyQueenElizabethⅡ,whotheninvitedDavidCamerontoformagovernmentandbecomePrimeMiniste r2.PoliticalPartiesHistoryofPoliticalParties---Priortothemid-19th:TheTory(托利党)TheWhig(辉格党)---Betweenthemid19th centuryand1920s:TheTories--theConservativeParty(保守党)TheWhig--theLiberalParty(自由党)---Post1920s:TheConservativePartyTheLabourPartyQ:.relativelyrichandprivileged.thepartyofthecentral-right.opposedtogreatchangesinsociety.haveabeliefinprivateenterpriseandfreedomfromstatecontrol.maintenanceoftheexistinginstitutionsasitspolicyBigNames.WinstonChurchill:PM1940-1945&1951-1955.MargretThatcher:PM1979-1990.DavidCameron:PM2010-presentQ:.relativelypoorandunderprivileged.thepartyofcentral-left(thereformist,non-revolutionary).aimingatthenationalizationasthemeansofproductionanddistribution.fewresourcesandheavilydependentonthetradeunions.haveamajoreffectonUK’s NationalHealthServiceBigNamesTonyBlair1997-2007GordonBrown2007-2010EdwardMiliband2010-2015JeremyCorbyn2015-presentChapter4Economy Introduction:1.Factoryoftheworld2.BritishDisease---amockingtermQ:Whatis“BritishDisease”?(1)atermusedtocharacterizeBritain’s economicdecline afterthewars.(2)Britain’s slowgrowth ofproductivity,soaringinflation,and largeunemployment3.a majordeveloped capitalistcountry4.6th largesteconomyin20125.3periodsofBritain economicevolution.Steadydevelopmentinthe50sand60s;.Economicrecessioninthe70s;.Economicrecoveryinthe80s;.Bythe1880s,dominant intheworld,*onethirdof thewo rld’smanufacturedgoods*half itscoalandiron*half itscotton.By1900,overtakenby USandGermany6.ReasonsforRelativeDeclineQ:WhatcausestherelativedeclineofUKEconomy?(1).heavilyintodebtinordertofinancethewar.(2).theeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover-decolonization殖民地独立(lossesofrawmaterial&market).(3).militaryexpense(untiltheprocessofdecolonizationcompletedinthe1960s).$.lackedinvestmentinmodernequipmentandnewproducts.$.lowratesofdomesticindustrialinvestment$.highrateofoverseasinvestment$.lackofacloserelationshipbetweenindustryandbanks.Absolutedeclinea.Introductionandrelativedeclineb.ReasonsforrelativedeclineEconomyc.RecentHistoryThecurrent PrimaryIndustriesUKeconomy SecondaryIndustriesTertiaryIndustriesCasesAnalysisPositiveEffectsNegativeEffects7.Primaryindustries--EnergyProduction.5%ofnationalwealth.Coal.oilandgas:NorthSea(decline since1999).producerandexporter.offshoreoilindustry8.Secondaryindustries*manufacturing(20%ofnationalwealth)Pharmaceuticals(GlaxoSmithKline),chemicals(ICI)Aerospace航天(3rd largestintheworld)Electronicsindustry(4th largestintheworld)9.Tertiaryindustries.Serviceindustries(65ofnationalwealth).Domesticactivity:retailing,tourism.Internationalservices(10%~70%).Financialandbusinessservices10.LondonStockExchange(伦敦证券交易所)In2010,amarketcapitalization(资本总额)ofUS$2.63trillion,madeitthefourthlargeststockexchangeintheworldandthelargestin EuropeChapter5literature1.OldEnglishPeriod(449-1066)Background:TheAnglo-SaxonsfromNorthernEuropebroughttheirlanguage,thebasisofModernEnglish,asw ellasaspecific poetictradition.OldEnglishliteratureisalsocalledAnglo-SaxonLiterature.✓Beowulf《贝奥武夫》:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons北欧大陆盎人迁移英格兰的英雄史诗，杀死海怪(seamonsterGrendel)teMedieval(中世纪)EnglishLiterature(1066-14thcentury)difficultiesandcalamities(灾害),suchasfamine,plague,andwar,(darkage)theBlackDeathfolkliterature(民间文学)✓RobinHood《罗宾汉》*GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里.乔叟-thefatherofEnglishpoetry(wisdom,humor,humanity)✓TheCanterburyTales．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．《坎特伯雷故事集》(26stories) Itismadeupofaseriesofstoriestoldby pilgrims(朝圣者）toentertaineachotherontheirwaytotheChristianChurchatCanterbury3.EnglishRenaissancePeriod(15thcentury-early17th century)Staredin ItalyTheRenaissance-a Frenchword whichmeans rebirthorrevivalHumanism人文主义-theessence(本质)oftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeing(人的尊严)&theimportanceofthepresentlife(珍惜当下).PeakofEnglishRenaissance:ElizabethanDrama英国文艺复兴时期的巅峰:伊丽莎白戏剧*WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚(1564-1616)✓Tragedies:RomeoandJuliet,Hamlet,Othello,KingLear李尔王,Macbeth麦克白✓HistoricalPlays:RichardⅢ,RichardⅡ,HenryⅣ,HenryⅤ✓Comedies:TheTamingoftheShrew悍妇,AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之梦,TwelfthNight,TheTempest,TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人Sonnet十四行诗(Afourteen-linelyricpoemwithasingletheme,usuallywritteniniambicpentameter)抑扬格五步格诗*ThomasMore托马斯.莫尔(1478-1535)✓Utopia《乌托邦》*JohnMilton约翰.弥尔顿(1608-1674)✓ParadiseLost《失乐园》*FrancisBacon弗兰西斯.培根✓Essays《随笔》4.TheNeoclassicalPeriod(新古典主义时期1660-1798)*AlexanderPope亚历山大.蒲伯(1688-1744)✓AnEssayonMan人论(=ParadiseLost)*SamuelJohnson塞缪尔.约翰逊✓TheDictionaryofEnglishLanguage/London(英语辞典)9年*JonathanSwift乔纳森.斯威夫特✓Gulliver'sTravels格列夫游记*DanielDefoe丹尼尔.笛福✓RobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记*HenryFielding亨利.菲尔丁英国小说之父✓TheHistoryofTomJones,aFounding弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事5.TheRomanticPeriod浪漫主义时期(1798-1832).twomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic) *RobertBurns罗伯特.彭斯✓ARed,RedRose一朵红红的玫瑰/AuldLongSyne往昔时光*WilliamWordsworth威廉.华兹华斯(beganwith)LyricalBallads抒情歌谣集/IWanderedLonelyasaCloud✓“湖畔”派诗人:WilliamWordsworth威廉.华兹华斯SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔.泰勒.柯勒律治RobertSouthey骚赛*SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔.泰勒.柯勒律治TheRimeofAncientMariner古舟子咏*GeorgeGordonByron乔治.戈登.拜伦✓DonJuan唐.璜*JohnKeates约翰.济慈✓OdetotheWestWind西风颂*WilliamBlake威廉.布莱克✓SongsofInnocence天真之歌✓SongsofExperience经验之歌SirWalterScott沃尔特.斯科特爵士(endedin)✓Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》(12世纪英国”狮心王”查理)*JaneAusten简.奥斯丁upper-middle-class✓SenseandSensibility理智与情感✓PrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见✓Emma爱玛6.TheVictorianPeriod(1837-1901)维多利亚时期*CharlesDickens查尔斯.狄更斯✓OliverTwist雾都孤儿✓ATaleofTwoCities双城记✓GreatExpectations远大前程TheBronteSisters*CharlotteBronte✓JaneEyre简爱*EmilyBronte✓WutheringHeights呼啸山庄*AnneBronte✓AgnesGrey安格尼斯.格雷*WilliamThackeray威廉.萨克雷✓VanityFair名利场*ThomasHardy托马斯.哈代✓TessoftheD’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝*OscarWilde奥斯卡.王尔德✓TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales快乐王子故事集✓TheNightingaleandtheRose夜莺与玫瑰7.TheModernPeriod*GeorgeBernardShaw乔治.伯纳.萧✓SaintJoan圣女贞德✓Pygmalion卖花女(MyFairLady窈窕淑女)Chapter6EducationTheUKSchoolSystem:compulsory(义务)betweenagesof5and16years,totalof11years1、Co-educatedSchools:1).admit bothboysandgirls联合教育学校2).AcademicYear:dividedintothreeterms,withholidays atChristmas,Easter,andinthesummer3).followthe NationalCurriculumguide-lines setdownbygovernment2、StateSchool:totallyfundedbythe government andfree3、IndependentSchool:foundedbythefeeschargedtothe parents(publicschool公学)4、PrimaryEducation:Pre-schoolingwhichcalled NurserySchool5、SecondarySchools:1).GrammarSchools(文法中学3%)：“the11plus”examination,preparingstudentsforhighereducation.2).ComprehensiveSchools(综合中学83%):Noentranceexam,generaleducation.3).SecondaryModernSchool(现代中学7%)6、ThehighSchoolCurriculum:1)16years:GCSE Examination2)16-18years A-LevelCourse:3-4subjectsstudentschoosethesubjectstheywishtostudy.3)18years:A-LevelExaminationGCSE:GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(中学生毕业证书)7、HigherEducation:receivefundsfromthe centralgovernment.Theamountoffundingisbasedon itssize,thenu mberofstudentsitteaches,andtheresearchitconducts8、EntranceProcedures:1).Studentscanapplytoamaximumof6universities/institutions.2).Admission--selectiononbasisof Alevelresults&aninterview9、FamousUniversities:1)TheUniversityofOxford:1.The oldestuniversity intheEnglishspeakingword.2.TeachingexistedatOxfordin1096anddevelopedrapidlyfrom1167.2)TheUniversityofCambridge:second-oldest (1281)---TwocharacteristicsofOxfordandCambridgeCollegesystem(学院制度)Tutorialsystem(导师制度)3)TheUniversityofLondon:1.Itwasfoundedin1836.(联邦制大学)2.a federation ofcolleges4)BuckinghamUniversity:theonly independent university5)OpenUniversity:UKlargestuniversityfor part-time higherChinese&BritishEducationSystemChineseHigherEducationEliteedu.VSMassedu.EnrollmentexpansionResourcesarestrainingEducationqualityissuffering IntensecompetitioninthejobmarketUnit7BritishForeignRelation1.---imperialhistory---geopoliticaltraits 地缘政治特点 2.HowForeignPolicyismade? ForeignPolicy→ThePM&Cabinet →Governmentdepartments3.Whenthesecondworldwarended,itwasstillthelargestmilitarypowerinwesternEurope.4.TheNuclearClubRussia,USA,France,Britain,Israel,China,India,Pakistan,NorthKorea 5.WhydoesBritainhaveitsnuclearnavalforce? ---Becauseit’satraditionalseapower. YearChina Age Britain Year5PrimarySchool1 1 Elementary School6 2 27 3 38 4 49 5 5 106 6 11 SecondarySchool7 7 JuniorMiddle School12 8 8 139 9 14 GCSECourseGCSEExaminations10 10 SeniorMiddleSchoo l15 11 11 16 A-LevelCourse A-LevelExaminations12 1217 136.MemberofUNSecurityCouncil联合国安理会---oneofthefivepermanentmembers(greatinfluence)---othermembers--Russia,China,theUS,France7.MemberoftheEuropeanUnionSince19738.MemberofNATO北约---NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization---asystemofcollectivedefense9.TheCommonwealthofNations英联邦国家---TheBritishcommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.殖民地10.TheUKanditsrelationwiththeUSA.AlliedduringWWⅡ√.WorkedtogetheragainstUUSR√.The1956SuezCrisis×11.Conclusion.Britainisnolongerasuperpower,butitstillhasgreatinfluenceinmilitarypowerintheworld(navy,nuclear).Britainforeignpolicyinfluencedmainlybyitshistoryandgeopoliticaltraits..Britainsitsataveryimportantseatinmanyinternationalinstitutions,suchastheUN,theEU,NATO,Common wealth,etc.Chapter8TheBritishMedia1.Whatfunctionsdoyouthinkthemediahave?.providepeoplewithinformationaboutpoliticalandsocialissues.provideweatherreports.carryadvertising.usedforeducationalpurposes.provideaforumforpeopletoexpresstheirviews.seekadvice.givepeopleentertainment.serveforthepoliticalandeconomicsystem.workasamonitor2.Newspaper(types)(1)Thequalitypress(thebroadsheets)严肃类大版面报纸(2)Thetabloids(thegutterpress)通俗类小版面报纸3.SomequalitynewspaperinUK(1)Times《泰晤士报》oldestdailynewspaper(2)TheDailyTelegraph《每日电讯报》--工党右(3)TheGuardian《卫报》(4)TheObserver《观察家报》oldestSundaynewspaper4.SometabloidsinUK(1).TheDailyMail《每日邮报》--保守党(2)DailyMirror《每日镜报》--工党(3)TheSun《太阳报》Chapter9Sports1.Football1)FootballAssociation(FA)2)FootballHooligans流氓，恶棍Policepatrolthestreets,pubsnearthefootballgroundsareclosed,andshopslocktheirdoor.2.TennisWimbledon温布尔顿3.GolfByScottishatSt.Andrew’s圣安德鲁斯4.HorseRacingRoyalAscot英国皇家爱斯科赛马会5.Equestrianism马术Chapter10Festival1.Religionsholiday:Christmas/Easter2.Nationalholiday:Queen'sbirthday3.Regionalholiday:EnglandBonfireNight篝火之夜NorthernIreland:St.Patrick’sDay圣帕特里克节3.17Scotland:Hogmanay除夕12.31Wales:Eisteddfod诗歌音乐比赛会Chapter4.2作家作品时代作者作品OldEnglishPeriod Beowulf《贝奥武夫》LateMedieval(中世)EnglishLiterature( 1066-14thcentury)RobinHood《罗宾汉》GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里.乔叟thefatherofEnglishpoetryTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》EnglishRenaissancePer iod(15thcentury-early 17thcentury) WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚Tragedies:RomeoandJulietHamletOthelloKingLear李尔王Macbeth麦克白HistoricalPlaysRichard3,Richard2Henry4,Henry5Comedies:TheTamingoftheShrew悍妇AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之梦TwelfthNightTheTempestTheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人Sonnet十四行诗抑扬格五步格诗ThomasMore托马斯.莫尔(1478-1535)Utopia乌托邦JohnMilton约翰.弥尔顿(1608-1674)ParadiseLost失乐园FrancisBacon弗兰西斯.培根Essays《随笔》TheNeoclassical新古典主义Period(1660-1798) AlexanderPope亚历山大.蒲伯(1688-1744)AnEssayonMan人论，人性本恶SamuelJohnson塞缪尔.约翰逊TheDictionaryofEnglishLanguageLondonJonathanSwift乔纳森.斯威夫特Gulliver'sTravels格列夫游记DanielDefoe丹尼尔.笛福RobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记HenryFielding亨利.菲尔丁英国小说之父TheHistoryofTomJones,aFounding弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事TheRomanticPeriod浪漫主义时期RobertBurns罗伯特.彭斯ARed,RedRose一朵红红的玫瑰AuldLongSyne往昔时光WilliamWordsworth威廉.华兹华斯LyricalBallads抒情歌谣集IWanderedLonelyasaCloudSamuelTaylorColeridgeTheRimeofAncientMariner古舟子咏GeorgeGordonByronDonJuan唐.璜JohnKeats约翰.济慈OdetoaNightingale夜莺颂PersyByssheShelley雪莱OdetotheWestWind西风颂WilliamBlake威廉.布莱克SongsofInnocence天真之歌SongofExperience经验之歌SirWalterScott斯科特爵士Ivanhoe艾凡赫JaneAusten简.奥斯丁SenseandSensibility理智与情感PrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见Emma艾玛TheVictorianPeriod(18 37-1901) CharlesDickens查尔斯.狄更斯OliverTwist雾都孤儿ATaleofTwoCities双城记GreatExpectations远大前程CharlotteBronteJaneEyre简爱EmilyBronte WutheringHeights呼啸山庄AnneBronte AgnesGrey安格尼斯.格雷WilliamThackeray威廉.萨克雷VanityFair名利场ThomasHardy托马斯.哈代TessoftheD’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝OscarWilde奥斯卡.王尔德TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales快乐王子故事集TheNightingaleandtheRose夜莺与玫瑰TheModernPeriod GeorgeBernardShaw萧伯纳SaintJoan圣女贞德Pygmalion卖花女(MyFairLady窈窕淑女)。
英美文化常识 - 题目
英美知识常识1.圣诞节A．12月25日 B. 12月24日2.平安夜A．12月25日 B. 12月24日3.万圣节A.10月31日B. 11月1日4.万圣节盛行于：A. 南瓜灯、要红包B. 要糖果、面具5.感恩节是A.11月第四个星期四B. 12月第四个星期五6.感恩节家家户户都要吃A.牛排B. 火鸡7.英国的首都是A.伦敦B. 剑桥8.伦敦的标志性建筑物是A.白金汉宫B. 大本钟9.英国的国宝是：A.熊猫B. 知更鸟10.美国的首都是A.华盛顿B. 洛杉矶11.美国的标志性建筑物是A.自由女神像B. 埃菲尔铁塔12.美国的国宝是：A.秃鹰（白头海雕）B. 袋鼠13.美国最大的城市是A.纽约B. 洛杉矶14.澳大利亚的首都是：A.墨尔本B. 堪培拉15.澳大利亚的标志性建筑物是A.悉尼歌剧院B. 国会大厦16.澳大利亚的国宝是：A.袋鼠B. 小黄鸭17.加拿大的首都是A.渥太华B. 温哥华18.加拿大的标志性建筑物是A.多伦多铁塔B. 哥伦比亚大学19.加拿大的国宝是：A.河狸（海狸）B. 松鼠20.一个星期的第一天是A.星期一B. 星期日21.am 表示_____，pm 表示___A.早晨；晚上B. 上午；下午22.吃西餐礼：____手拿叉，____手拿刀A.左；右B. 右；左23.最不吉利的数字是A.4B. 1324.最吉祥的数字是A.6和8B. 3和725.英国的马路上靠_____行驶A.左B. 右26.美国的马路是靠_____行驶A.左B. 右27.英国女士最不喜欢别人问她的_____A.年龄B. 工作28.UFO 叫做A.宇宙飞船B. 不明飞行物29.美国的货币是A.RMBB. 美元和美分30.在西方的餐桌上，人们谈论的话题通常是A.今天的见闻B. 食物的味道31.在美国，用餐时餐巾如何放最为适宜放在A.腿上B. 胸前32.英国人拜年时最好的方式A.发红包B. 亲手把煤炭放进人家的炉子里33.在英语国家称呼不知其名的陌生人常用A.Miss 和Mr.B. Uncle 和Madam。
英国部分复习题
英国部分复习题F i l l i n t h e b l a n k s:1. At about 3000 BC, some of the Iberians settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the Roman’s built Hadrian’s Wall.3. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.4. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or Magna Carta5. Along with the Normans came the French language.6. The Wars of the Roses broke out between two parties of nobles.7. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was international, the English Church was strictly national.8. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called “Bloody” Mary.9. “Renaissance” means “rebirth”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.10. During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads while the supporters of the King Charles I were called Cavaliers.11. The first two parties appeared in England were the Tory and the Whig.12. "God Save the Queen" is the national anthem of Britain.13. London, the capital of the United Kingdom is situated on the ThamesRiver near its mouth.14. The island of Great Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland inthe north, England in the south and Wales in the southwest.15. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh which is well-known for its natural beauty.16. The ancestors of the English and the founder of England were the Anglo-Saxons.17. Wales in Britain is called “Land of Princes”18. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center ofLondon, was built by William the conqueror.19. Big Ben is a famous clock in London.20. In Britain, the official head of state is the Queen while the real center of political life is in the House of Commons.21.From 1979 to 1997, Conservative Party won 4 consecutive elections andwas in power for quite a long time.22. The two oldest universities in Britain are Oxford and Cambridge.23. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a feudal civil war.24The Cabinet of the Opposition Party in Britain is known as the shadow cabinet.25There are two major parties in the UK: Conservative Party, and Labour Party26The Commonwealth was believed to be set up as a forum for continuedcooperation and as a sort of support network.27.The three most important religions in the world are: Buddhism Muslin Christianity28. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, theHouse of Commons and the House of Lords.29. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a world warbecause it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted 4 years. 30. Middle English was formed after the Norman Conquest, the MiddleEnglish consisted of 3 parts: old English, French, Latin.31.Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally fromthe age of 5 to 16.32.The Christmas Pantomime is a comical musical play enjoyed by adultsand children during Christmas time. It has two main characters: the principal boy and the Dame.1.the Anglo-SaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.2.the Civil WarCaused by a dispute over the power of the king against Parliament, the civil war broke out in the 17th century.The Civil War was also called the English Bourgeois Revolution. The Republican “roundheads”, led by Oliver Cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of Parliament. The king was supported by most Catholic and feudal Lords, they were called Royalists. The Royalists were defeated and King Charles I was executed in 1649.1.Magna CartaThis is a medieval Latin name meaning “Great Charter”.In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant then a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. This is regarded as Britain’s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.2.the Bill of Rights of 1689In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. After this Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.3.Christianity: Christianity refers to all doctrines andreligious groups based on the teaching of Jesus Christ.It was founded in the 1st century in Palestine. Jesus Christ is accepted by Christians as the son of God, and his teaching is contained in the Bible, the holy book of Christianity. In Europe, Christianity is divided into three major groups, Roman Catho lic Church, ProtestantChurch and Orthodox Eastern Church.4.The Hundred Years’ War:The Hundred Years’War was not one war, but a series ofintermittent wars between France and England. It lastedintermittently on from 1337 to 1453. It was started byEngland and was fought entirely in France. At lastEnglish was completely defeated and driven from Franceexcept the port of Calais. The war ended in 1453. 5.Renaissance: “Renaissance” is a French word that meansrebirth. Italian scholars first used the word in the mid-16th century to express the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. But modern Scholars use it to mean the great variety of changes which Europe underwent politically, economically and culturally between 1450and 16006.Humanism:The mainstream of Renaissance. It stressed thatmen could achieve wonders through their own efforts.Passive endurance of poor life (as was advocated by the church) was no longer valued. It believed that man had the right to enjoy the beauty of this life and strive to enrich it.7.causes for the relative decline of Great Britain:There are four reasons for the relative economic decline since 1945: Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war; British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained independence. And the author also believes that Britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during the process of de-colonization and that Britain also lacked the investment in modern equipment and new products.8.grammar schoolsIt is a type of secondary schools in Britain. Grammar schools select children at the age 11, through an examination called “the 11-plus”. Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.9.Puritanism: Puritan is one sect of protestant. Puritansbelieve: Everyone must work hard, spend little and invest for more business. Working hard and living a moral life were their ethics. They regarded Bible to be the authority of their doctrine. To be able to read the Bible and understand God's will, education was essential forPuritans.10.Industry Revolution:The Industrial Revolution refers tothe mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. (1750---1850) which transformed Britain from a rural and agricultural country into a mainly urban and manufacturing one.11. A Civil Rights MovementA Civil Rights Movement in Northern Ireland started in the1960s by Catholics who often marched in the streets and fought for equality. As the Protestants were the majority, they controlled the local parliament and used that power to support their own economic and social dominance in Northern Ireland. Catholics found it difficult to get jobs or to benefit from social programs such as public housing.Therefore, they began the Civil Rights Movement so as to get their right.12.Shadow Cabinet:the work of each Minister is always underobservation of an unofficial “cabinet” formed byOpposition. It was called “Shadow Cabinet”. If the Opposition won, the shadow cabinet may become Cabinet.13.Romanticism Roughly the first third of the 19th century makesup English literature’s romantic period. Writers ofromantic literature are more concerned with imaginationand feeling than with the power of reason. A volume ofpoems called Lyrical Ballads written by WilliamWordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, broughtthe Romantic Movement to its height. The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel. Questions:1.English language is the widely used nowadays, and maybe called the world’s most important language. Pleaseexplain the reason.2.Why Britain started Industrial Revolution first inBritain in the world? What is the impact of IndustrialRevolution on English society?3. What is the best-known quality of the British?4.How did the Hundred Years War break out, and what werethe consequences of the Hundred Years war?5.What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slowgrowth of Britain’s economy since the Second Wor ldWar?6.Which are the major parties in Britain? What are thecharacteristics of them?7.Do you think one or two Miracle people could decidethe foundation of the Christianity? What is the origin of Christianity according to history?。
《英国文学选读》复习题
Part I: the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Historical backgroundThe early inhabitants in the island we now call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name —Britain, the land of Britons, who were a primitive people living in the tribal society.After the fall of the Roman Empire (410AD) and the withdrawal of Roman troops, the Teutonic tribes, esp., the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, conquered the island and called it Angle-land, then England.2. Literature：The Song of BeowulfThe Song of Beowulf = the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons or English people.The Song of Beowulf – Features1) The use of alliteration— the most striking one. In alliterative verse, certain accented words ina line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration,2) ThemesIt can be concluded that this poem shows how the primitive people fight against the forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. But it seems that all themes are part of a larger thematic scheme which centers upon the conflict between good and evil.Part II: The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)1. Historical background: The Norman Conquest:After the battle of Hastings in 1066, came the French-speaking Normans under Duke William.1) Three chief effects of the Conquest: B✧The bringing of Roman civilization✧The growth of nationality – a strong centralized government✧The new language and literature2. Literature — Romance:1) The literature the Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in remarkable contrast with the strength and somberness of the Anglo-Saxon poetry.2) Sir Gawain and the Green Knighta) The best of Arthurian romances, anonymous, in alliterative verseb) Theme: A test of man’s virtue and truthPart III: Geoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400)1. The Canterbury Tales1) The General Prologue:The tales begin with a general prologue, which provides a framework for the tales and comprises a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures.2) Chaucer’s contributions Aa. a master of realism: In his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, all classes except the royalty and the poorest peasants are presented by the pilgrims. Every figure is drawn with the accuracy of a portrait. It is no exaggeration to say the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.b. founder of English literary language: He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.c. Father of English poetry: He introduced from Italy and France the metrical form - the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the heroic couplet, iambic pentameters with the lines rhyming in pairs.2. Popular Ballads - DefinitionA ballad is a folk song or orally transmitted poem telling in a direct and dramatic manner some popular story usually derived from a tragic incident in local history or legend. The story is told simply, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue. Usually, a ballad is composed in four-line stanzas with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. The first and the third lines carry four accented syllables whereas the second and the fourth carry three.Ballads flourished particularly strongly in Scotland from the 15th century onward. Since the 18th century, educated poets outside the folk-song tradition —notably Coleridge and Goethe—have written imitations of the popular ballad's form and style: Coleridg e's ‘Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ (1798) is a celebrated example.3. William Langland and Piers the PlowmanPiers the Plowman is one of the greatest of English poems of Medieval times.Part IV: The Renaissance1. The Renaissance—a definitionRenaissance, or, the rebirth of letters, is an intellectual movement. It sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of the movement. One is a thirsting curiosity for classical literature. The other feature is the keen interest in life and human activities. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world. Thinkers, artists and poets arose, who gave expression, (sometimes in an old guise, though) to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement, a feeling in sharp contrast with medieval theology. Hence arose Humanism, the spreading of which indicates that the Renaissance is rather the flourishment of bourgeois art and literature.2. HumanismHumanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Renaissance humanists found in the classics ajustification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the impo r tance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.3. Thomas More1) The first of the English humanists was Sir Thomas More (1478-1535).2) The name “Utopia” comes from 2Greek words meaning “no place” and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth. It has been since used to designate the ideal state.4. Francis Bacon (1561-1626)He introduced the essay as a literary form into the English language.5. New Poetic Forms1) The sonnet, an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter, was introduced from Italy to England by Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard. The first twelve lines are intricately rhymed, which are followed by a heroic couplet. For the next half century, it was one of the most popular forms of English verse.2) In the translation of Vigil’s Adenoid, Henry Howard also wrote the first blank verse, a form of unrhymed iambic pentameters. This form was later masterly handled by Marlowe, Shakespeare and Milton.3) In writing The Faerie Queene, the “poet of the poets”Edmund Spenser devised a special verse form of Spenserian Stanza that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by an iambic hexameter, with a rhyme scheme as ababbcbcc. Later, this form was also used by Byron in his Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.6. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)1) "The Faerie Queene” - The dominating thoughts of the poem are nationalism, humanism and Puritanism, all typical of the poet's age. But these new ideas are expressed under the guise of medieval knighthood.2) The publication of Spenser’s first work The Shepherd’s Calendar marked the budding of the Renaissance flower, the language then to be called Modern English, to distinguish from the Middle English of C haucer’s day.7. Christopher Marlowe1) The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.2) The greatest of the pioneers was Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), who reformed the genre in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.3) It was Marlowe who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.4) Marlowe's best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine (1587), The Jew of Malta (1592) andDoctor Faustus (1588).William Shakespeare (1564-1616)1. Shakespeare: the summit of the English Renaissance1) Four greatest tragedies: Hamlet / Othello / King Lear / Macbeth2. Hamlet1) Hamlet’s character and his revengeMelancholy is the key-note of his character.a) REVENGE: The triple wrongs on the part of Hamlet’s Uncle: murder, usurpation, incest. By meditation he knows revenge is easy, but not merely personal one. His mere revenge upon his uncle would in no way solve the problems that trouble and upset him; to expose the roots of the evil and to establish a reign of justice. He has to consider the fate of his country, not merely his personal wrongs.b) PURPOSE: delay killing Claudius to kill the soul as well as the body. If the revenge is done without exposure of Claudius’ wrong, then the abrupt de ath of the king might cause panic to the people and danger to the state. In other words, his melancholy shows his responsibility, for, he considers not his personal wrong but the fate, the future of his country.3. The Merchant of Venice1) Portia, a woman of the Renaissance - beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency. She is one of Shakespeare's ideal women.2) The most remarkable character in the play is Shylock the Jew. Shakespeare shows us everything of Shylock's meanness, cunning and cruelty, and yet his portrayal of the Jew enlists our sympathy.Part V The 17th Century1. John Donne (1572-1631)1) Donne’s poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verses.2. John Milton ( 1608 —1674)1) the second greatest poet of the English language2) the greatest writer of the17th century3) Paradise Lost = his masterpiece3. John Bunyan —Pilgrim’s ProgressPart VI The 18th Century1. Enlightenment Movement1) An intellectual movement that developed in Europe in the 17th century and reached its height in the 18th. The Enlightenment celebrated reason, equality, science and human beings’ ability toperfect themselves and their society.2) Characteristics of the EnlightenmentEmphasis on reason rather than authorityMan’s mind, not God’s wordEncouragement of scientific inquiryBelief in the perfectibility of Man3) In religion, it was against superstition, and dogmatism; in politics, it was against tyranny; and in society, it was against prejudice, ignorance, inequality, and any obstacles to the realization of an individual’s full intellectual and physical well-being. At the same time, they advocated universal education. In their opinion, human beings were limited, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.2. Robinson CrusoeThemes of Robinson Crusoe: Glorification of the imperialist dream: Robinson = the prototype of the British Empire.3. Gulliver’s Travels4. Laurence SternHe has often been claimed as a precursor of modernist experiment: events not in chronological order, chapters blank, juggled punctuation marks, drawings instead of words sometimes.5. Thomas Gray (1716-1771)An Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard6. William Blake —“The Tyge r”“The question posed in the poem is whether God is the source of both good (the lamb) and evil (the tyger) in the world”.Prt VII Romantic English Literature1. English Romanticism begins in 1798with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical Ballads and ends in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death.2. Romanticism = a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassicism reason3. Characteristics of RomanticismImagination / Idealization of Nature / Individualism / Glorification of the commonplace / The lure of the exotic4. Different perspectives about nature:—a healing power;—a source of subject and image;—a refuge from the artificial constructs of civilization.5. Wordsworth’s Preface (1800) to Lyrical Ballads is the manifesto of English Romanticism.Multiple choice1. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce ________ to England.A. rationalismB. romanticismC. criticismD. realism2. “Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.” This sentence appears in ________.A. The Advancement of LearningB. A Dictionary of the English LanguageC. An Essay on CriticismD. Of Studies3. Which of the following works does not belong to John Milton?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. AdonaisD. Llycidas4. Which of the following is true about the book Gulliver’s Travels?A. It is a study of human nature and life.B. It has high artistic skills in making the story an organic whole.C. It makes criticisms and satires of all aspects in the contemporary English and European life.D. It is not a book of satire though it is a book of rebellion.5. _____ has been regarded as the best comedy since Shakespeare.A. The RivalsB. The School for ScandalC. St. Patrick’s DayD. The Duenna6. William Langland’s _______is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. The Faerie Queene7. "The School for Scandal" by Richard Brinsley Sheridan has been regarded as the best ______ since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. comedyC. proseD. fable8. Which of the following statements is true about the metaphysical poets?A. The diction of their writing is comparatively lengthy.B. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.C. They tried to be reconciled with the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.D. The imagery is usually drawn from the ideal life.。
英国文学复习题
LiteratureI. Fill in the blanks（15空）II. Choose the best answer for each blank.（10空）1. After the fall of the Roman Empire帝国and the withdrawal撤退of Roman troops from Albion，the aboriginal土著的Celtic凯尔特人population of the larger part of the island was soon conquered 征服and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic日耳曼人的tribes of Angles，Saxons ，and Jutes who came from the continent and settled in the island，naming its central part England.2. For nearly 400 years prior to the coming of the English，British had been a Roman province. In 410A.D. ，the Rome withdrew撤回their legions古罗马军团from Britain to protect herself against swarms of T eutonic invaders.3. The literature of early period falls naturally into two divisions，pagan异教徒and Christian . The former represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas长篇英雄故事，the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil；the later represents the writings developed under the teaching of the monks .4. Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention Caedmon who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible.5.The Song of Beowulf can be justly termed称为England’s national epic and its hero Beowulf ——one of the national heroes of the English people.6.The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the Continent approximately at the beginning of the 6th century，when the forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the __Scandinavian peninsula_斯堪的纳维亚半岛_and maintained close relations with kindred tribes，e.g. With the __Danes__ who lived on the other side of the straits.7. In the year__1066___，at the battle of __Hastings ___，the ___Normans____ headed by William，Duke of Normandy，defeated the Anglo-Saxons.8. In the tenth century the Normans conquered a part of northern France, which is still called Normandy, and rapidly adopted采纳French civilization and the French language.9.The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure冒险,in marked contrast with the strength力量and somberness忧郁of Anglo- Saxon poetry.10. (英语的形成) Anglo-Saxon speech simplified简化itself by dropping of its Teutonic inflections, absorbed eventually a large part of the French vocabulary, and became the English language.10. English literature is also a combination of _French__and__Saxon__ elements.（选）11. At first the new literature was remarkably varied, but of small intrinsic本质的worth; and very little of it is now read. In our study we have noted (a) Geoffrey’s History, which is valuable as a source book of literature, since it contains the native Celtic legends of Arthur; (b) the work of the French writers, who made the Arthurian亚瑟王的legends popular; (c) Riming Chronicles编年史, i.e. history in doggerel打油诗verse, like Laysmon’s Brut; (d) Metrical Romances韵律拉丁语, or tales in verse.12. In contradistinction to the alliterative verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry，Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllbic verse.13. Chaucer’s masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales，one of the most famous works in all literature. He created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country in this poem.14. Ballads are anonymous匿名的narrative songs that have been preserved加工by oral transmission口头相传.（了解选择）15. The 16th century in England was繁荣昌盛的prosperous and flourishing. 出现：（1）the gentry新贵，the main supporters of the absolute monarchy君主制度. （2）the class of bourgeoisie中产阶级.（选择）16. The revolution of 1688 meant three things: (1) the supremacy of Parliament至高无上的议会; (2) the beginning of modern England; (3) the final triumph胜利of the principle of political liberty自由of Puritan清教徒17. John Donne——metaphysical poet 玄学诗18.John Bunyan——biblical allegory圣经寓言（biblical include biblical allegorical epic叙事诗and biblical allegory）（选择）19. The Puritan Age was one of confusion. The Puritan believed in simplicity朴素of life.11.There are various kinds of ballads __historical_____，__legendary____，_fantastical_____，__lyrical___，and__humorous____.12. The name of the “jolly innkeeper” in The Canterbury Tales is__Harry Baily____，who proposes that each pilgrim of the_group___ should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.14. Shakespeare’s first original play written in about 1590 was__King Henry VI_.15.Hamlet，Othello，King Lear，and _Macbeth______ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.16. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of __Queen Elizabeth I____.17. Bacon’s works may be divided into three classes，the__philosophical____，the _literary______，the__professional_____ works.18. Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the___Renaissance______.19. Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of __The Fairy Queen_____.20. Anglo-Saxon poets typically used _alliterative______verse, a form of verse that uses __alliteration______ as the principal structuring device to unify lines of poetry.21. The British legend of King Arthur was important in defining the ideal of __chivalry_____which is essential to the European concept of the knight as an elite warrior who swear to uphold the values of _faith____, _courage_____, __loyalty_____ and honor.22. As a literary genre of high culture, __ Romance is a style ofheroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about the marvelous adventures of a chivalrous, heroic knight errant, often of super-human ability, who often goes on a quest.23. ________Iambic pentameter____ is a line made up of five pairs of short/long, or unstressed/stressed, syllables.24. A____heroic couplet____ is a traditional form for English poetry constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of ___iambic pentameter_______ lines. Use of the ______heroic couplet____ was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales. Chaucer is also widely credited with first extensive use of ____iambic pentameter_______.25. _An epic _____ is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarilyconcerning ____a serious subject__________ containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a ___culture_____ or nation.26. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer believes in the right ofman to ___earthly happiness_______. He is anxious to see man freed from _____superstitions and a blind belief in ___fate__. He is also keen to praise man’s __energy____,adroitness, __intellect_________, quick wit and the love for __life______.27. ____Ballad_____ is generally a narrative poem of no greatlength, without any known author or any mark of individual authorship.28. ______Blank verse___ is a type of poetry, distinguished byhaving a regular meter, but no rhyme. This technique releases the new power and ____flexibility______ of the poetry.29. A _______sonnet__ consists of 14 lines, and each line iswritten in iambic pentameter in which a pattern of an unemphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable is repeated five times. The rhyme scheme is _ABAB CDCD EFEF GG________________.30. Francis Bacon, a representative of the Renaissance inEngland, is a well-known philosophy, scientist and writer. His “____Essays_ _” is the first example of the genre in English literature, recognized as an important landmark in the development of prose.II. Choose the best answer for each blank.1.The most important work of ____A___ is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles，which is regarded as the best monument of the oldEnglish prose.a. Alfred the Greatb. Caedmonc. Cynewulfd. Venerable Bede2. Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf？Ca. Hrothgat.b. Heorot.c. Grendel.d. Beowulf.3. _A____is the first important religious poet in English Literature.a. Cynewulfb.Caedmonc. Shakespeare.d. Adam Bede4. Who is the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England？Ba. Christopher Marlowb. Geoffrey Chaucerc. W. Shakespeared. Alfred the Great5. Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his “_C_____” a translation of the French “Roman de la Rose” by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung，which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but through Europe.a. Troilus and Criseydeb. A Red, Red Rosec. Romance of the Rosed. Piers the PlowmanIII. 连线题1. Thomas More——Utopia——put forward his ideal of a futurehappy society2. Francis Bacon——essays 散文3. Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard——first to introduce thesonnet into English literature.4. Edmund Spenser——the greatest epic poem of the time TheFairy Queen.5. John Lyly——“euphuism”华丽辞藻6. Christopher Marlowe——made blank verse the principalvehicle of expression in drama.把无韵诗变成戏剧基本表达形式7. John Bunyan——biblical allegory圣经寓言8. Richard Steele——a moralistic journal The Spectator9. Alexander Pope——“whatever is, is right”——prosody韵文学10. Daniel Defoe——Robinson Crusoe11. Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smollet ——the realfounders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel现实主义12. Samuel Richardson ——enriched European literature withthe method of psychological analysis心理分析; display an interest in the innermost最深处最隐私的life of an individual.13. Jonathan Swift ——Gulliver’s Travels.14. Richard B. Sheridan ——School for Scandal造谣学校15. (sentimentalism感伤主义) Oliver Goldsmith ——The Vicar ofWakefield16. (sentimentalism感伤主义) Thomas Gray ——ElegyDecide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.1. （F）The author of The Song of Beowulf is Cynewulf.2. （ F ）The setting of The Song of Beowulf is in Scotland.3. （T ）The author of Paraphrase is Caedmon.4.（T ）The 32 pilgrims，according to Chaucer’s plan，was to exceed that of Brancaccio’s Decahedron.5. （F）The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portray，the first of its kind in the history of English literature.6. （ F ）The Canterbury Tales is a vivid and brilliant reflection of 15th century in England.7. （T）Chaucer’s poetry traces out a path to the literature of English Renaissance.IV. Define the literary terms listed below.1.Alliteration: the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words that are close together ,as in sing a song of sixpence.2. Epic: is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerninga serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.I. Fill in the following blanks.II. Define the literature terms listed below.1. Canto: one of the sections of a long poem/one of the parts into which a very long poem is divided.2. Legend:a story from ancient times about people and events, that may or may be not true.3. Arthurian Legend.(亚瑟，欧洲古老传说中的不列颠王.)III. Read the excerpt of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Carefully，and then make a brief comment on it.IV. Answer the following questions.1.What is the consequence of the Norman Conquest？2. Make a brief survey of the Middle English literature.I. Fill in the following blanks.II. Choose the best answer.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.IV. Define the literary terms listed below.1. Romance: is a literary form in medieval England about the stories of knights. It’s a long narrative composition in verse or in prose. In the romance, it reflects the noble life, reflecting three kinds of matters.2. Ballad: Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.3. English Renaissance: P664. Sonnet: A Shakespearean ,or English sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line contains ten syllables, and each line is written in iambic pentameter in which a Patten of an unemphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable is repeated five time. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespean sonnet is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.5. Blank Verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme, usually with ten syllables and five stresses in each line syllables.。
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英国文化复习题1)请大家结合所发材料及上课内容把这些习题所在的知识点掌握；不要去死记硬背，尤其不要把答案带到考场，被抓到舞弊，后果自己负责；2)简答题希望同学们自己去看材料并做出总结，不要背别人写好的，如果两位同学考试时答案完全一致，都不能得到该题分数。
写得不好无所谓，我最看重的是大家良好的学习态度；3)古希腊一章主要涉及的是哲学和戏剧这部分，这里我没有给复习题，希望大家自己再去看看所发材料；4)基督教这章我们不做要求；5)希望大家结合复习题，再认真阅读本学期《英国文化》所学知识，毕竟我们学习不是完全为了考试；I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false:1. Britain is no longer an imperial country. T2. The Commonwealth of Nations include all European countries. F3. 1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity. F4. The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied the majority of the British people. T5. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales. F6. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F7. When people outside UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T8. The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F9. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T10. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called "Gaelic". F11. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means. T12. Wales is rich in coal deposits. T13. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F14. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F15. Ireland is part of Great Britain. F16. "Ulster", referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish kingdom. T17. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F18. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. F19. The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited the British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T20. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. T21. The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F22. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. T23. It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world. F24. In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution, in contrast to France and the U.S. T25. The oldest institution of government according to the text is the Monarchy. T26. The divine right of kings means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F27. While the King in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute power. F28. The term "parliament" was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns. F29. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T30. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F31. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. T32. In the U.K., a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. T33. The parliament can call an election sooner than five years. F34. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. T35. Each main party is given some time on national TV to "sell" their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party. F36. The amount spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. T37. The campaigns are not simply about telling people how good your policies are, but also about telling them how bad your opponents are. T38. Secrecy is not an important part of the voting process. F39. The counting of votes run over a period of a few days. F40. There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text. F41. Liberal Democratic Party is the newest of the major national parties. F42. By the 1880's the British economy was dominant in the world. T43. Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. F44. In World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the U.S. and France. F45. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947. T46. In the 1970's, with the souring price of oil and high rates of inflation, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour Party had to step down from the government. T47. The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher started a series of reforms. An extensive programme of privatization was carried out but she did not succeed in saving the British economy. F48. Tertiary industries include banking, insurance, tourism, agriculture and the selling of goods.F49. Britain has a large sector of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth. F50. According to the text, the tertiary industry produces approximately 2/3 of the national wealth.T51. The service industry in the U.K. employs 70% of the total work force. T52. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and other basic skills but also to socialize children. T53. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children aretaught. F54. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in school and universities. F55. The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities "meritocratic".T56. The public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government.F57. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government. T58. In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. TII. Choose the correct answer to each of the following.1.__________ is not considered a characteristic of London.(a) The cultural centre(b) The business centre(c) The financial centre(d) The sports centre2. ________________ is not true about the characteristics of Britain.(a) Economic differences between north and south(b) Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales(c) Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker(d) Cultural differences between immigrants and the British3. _______________ can not be found in London.(a) Teahouses(b) Galleries(c) Museums(d) Theatres4. Which of the following is not true about Britain?(a) It used to be an imperial country in the world.(b) It plays an active role as a member of European Union.(c) It is a relatively wealthy and developed country.(d) It used to be one of the superpowers in the world.5. Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the exception?(a) London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country.(b) London has a larger population than all other cities in England.(c) London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.(d) London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.6. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by___________.(a) King Harold(b) Robin Hood(c) Oliver Cromwell(d) William the Conqueror7.________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(a) The Anglo-Saxons(b) The Normans(c) The Vikings(d) The Romans8. __________ is the largest city in Scotland.(a) Cardiff(b) Edinburgh(c) Glasgow(d) Manchester9. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century?(a) They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.(b) They felt it necessary to develop their own industry.(c) They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion.(d) They had to do it in order to resist the English.10. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?(a) In the Highlands.(b) In the Lowlands.(c) In the Uplands.(d) In the west of Scotland.11. Which of the following statements is not true?(a) Wales was invaded by the Romans.(b) Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons.(c) Wales was conquered by the Normans.(d) Wales was threatened by the English.12. Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland?(a) The Labour Party.(b) The Liberal Party.(c) The Scottish Nationalist Party.(d) The Conservative Party.13. Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments ________.(a) In 1715(b) In 1688(c) In 1745(d) In 170714. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism because___________.(a) he became the first Prince of Wales in 1267(b) he brought the English under his control(c) he led a historic uprising against the English(d) he unified Wales as an independent nation15. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because___________.(a) they wanted to increase its control over Ireland(b) they had too many people and didn't have enough space for them to live in(c) they intended to expand their investment(d) they believed that Ireland was the best place for them16. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street. They came first___________.(a) to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland(b) to protect the Catholic people(c) to protect the Protestant people(d) to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social order17. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for___________.(a) its most famous landmark, the "Giant's Causeway"(b) its rich cultural life(c) its low living standards(d) its endless political problems18. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organised a partition of Ireland, because___________.(a) the British government wouldn't be able to control Ireland any longer by force(b) the British government intended to satisfy both sides─Catholics as well as Protestants(c) Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland(d) Protestants welcomed the idea of partition19. Which of the following statements is not true?(a) Sinn Fein is the legal political Party in Northern Ireland.(b) Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.(c) Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political Party in Britain.(d) Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.20. In the early 1970s, the IRA___________.(a) killed many Protestants and Catholics(b) burned down the houses of Catholics(c) murdered individuals at random(d) carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target21. 1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because___________.(a) 13 Catholics were shot dead by the police(b) 468 people were killed in Northern Ireland(c) the government carried out a policy known as "internment"(d) Bloody killing of 468 people fortified Catholic opposition to the British presence in Northern Ireland22. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with "direct-rule" from London?(a) The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.(b) The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.(c) The Power-Sharing policy couldn't be carried out.(d) All the above.23. Which of the following statements is not true?(a) In 1981, some convicted IRA prisoners went on a hunger-strike.(b) They demanded for the status of being "political prisoners" by starving themselves.(c) Margaret Thatcher's government gave in to their political demand.(d) The death of prisoners revitalized the political movement of Sinn Fein.24. How many counties do you know there are in Northern Ireland?(a) 26.(b) 6.(c) 32.(d) 20.25. Which of the following is not characteristic of British government?(a) It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.(b) It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.(c) It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.(d) It has no written form of Constitution.26. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?(a) James I.(b) James II.(c) Charles I.(d) Charles II.27. What happened in 1215?(a) It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.(b) Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.(c) Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.(d) King Egbert united England under his rule.28. Which of the following is not true about the Great Council?(a) They included barons and representatives from counties and towns.(b) They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money.(c) They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet.(d) They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.29. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?(a) James II.(b) William of Orange.(c) Oliver Cromwell.(d) George I.30. Which of the following is not true about the Constitution?(a) It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government.(b) It is the foundation of British governance today.(c) Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.(d) The common laws are part of the Constitution.31. Which of the following about the Parliament is not true?(a) There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.(b) Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.(c) Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.(d) Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.32. Which of the following about the Queen is not true?(a) The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.(b) The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the British state.(c) The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.(d) The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.33. Which of the following about the House of Lords is not true?(a) Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.(b) It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.(c) The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.(d) Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.34. Which of the following about the House of Commons is not true?(a) Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.(b) MPs receive salaries and some other allowances.(c) MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.(d) Most MPs belong to the major political parties.35. Which group of people can not vote in the general election?(a) Members in the House of Commons.(b) Lords in the House of Lords.(c) The UK citizens above the age of 18.(d) The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.36. By whom is a "vote of no confidence" decided?(a) The House of Commons.(b) The House of Lords.(c) The two major parties.(d) The Prime Minister.37. Which of the following is not true about the electoral campaigns?(a) Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television.(b) There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their constituency campaign.(c) Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.(d) Candidates criticize each other's policies to show how good their own policies are.38. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?(a) 651.(b) 326.(c) 626.(d) 351.39. Which of the following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to the poorer people in the society?(a) The Conservative party.(b) The Liberal Democrats.(c) The Party of Wales.(d) The Labour party.40. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is not true?(a) It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.(b) It prefers policies that protect individual's rights.(c) It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.(d) It is known as a party of high taxation levels.41. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979?(a) The Conservative government.(b) The Liberal government.(c) The Labour government.(d) The radical government.42. Which period of time in British history was described as "private affluence and public squalor"?(a) The 1940s.(b) The 1970s.(c) The 1980s.(d) The 1990s.43. Which of the following about the "poll tax" is not true?(a) It was introduced by the Conservative government.(b) It was introduced by the Labour government.(c) It was an attempt to change local government taxes.(d) It was criticized by many citizens.44. Who is the leader of the Labour party at present?(a) John Major.(b) Tony Blair.(c) Harold Wilson.(d) Margaret Thatcher.45. Which of the following statements about the UK economy is not true?(a) Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.(b) Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.(c) There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.(d) Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.Answer:46. Which of the following was not the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945?(a) Britain did not invest in modern equipment and new products.(b) Britain spent a high proportion of its national wealth on the military.(c) Britain had been heavily in debt to finance the war.(d) Britain had carried out the nationalisation of the businesses.47. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?(a) Beef cattle.(b) Dairy cattle.(c) Chicken.(d) Sheep.48. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?(a) In the southeast of England.(b) In the northeast of England.(c) In the southeast of Scotland.(d) In the northeast of Scotland.49. Which of the following is not a company in the energy sector?(a) Shell.(b) ICI.(c) RTZ.(d) British Gas.50. Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK?(a) Ford.(b) Peugeot.(c) Rover.(d) BMW.51. In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?(a) The U.S. and Germany.(b) The U.S. and Russia.(c) Germany and Russia.(d) France and Russia.52. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War?(a) Imperial Airways.(b) British Airways.(c) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.(d) The British Aircraft Corporation.53. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937?(a) He invented the first jet plane.(b) He developed the first jet engine.(c) He made the first powered flight.(d) He made the trans-Atlantic flight.54. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?(a) Boeing.(b) Rolls Royce.(c) McDonnel-Douglas.(d) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.55. British Aerospace was the merger of which two companies?(a) The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.(b) The British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls Royce.(c) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC Avionics.(d) Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce.56. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to___________.(a) private schools(b) independent schools(c) state schools(d) public schools57. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16___________.(a) can legally receive partly free education(b) can legally receive completely free education(c) can not receive free education at all(d) can not receive free education if their parents are rich58. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called___________.(a) General Certificate of Education—Advanced(b) General Certificate of Secondary Education(c) the common entrance examination(d) General National V ocational Qualifications59. _____________ is a privately funded university in Britain.(a) The University of Cambridge(b) The University of Oxford(c) The University of Edinburgh(d) The University of Buckingham60. Which of the following is not true?(a) Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.(b) Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.(c) Parents send their children to public schools because their children can have a better chance of getting into a good university.(d) Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools.61. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Open University?(a) It's open to everybody.(b) It requires no formal educational qualifications.(c) No university degree is awarded.(d) University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect.62. In the examination called "the 11 plus", students with academic potential go to ___________.(a) grammar schools(b) comprehensive schools(c) public schools(d) technical schools63. Which of the following is not included in the National Curriculum?(a) Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.(b) Children must sit in A-level exams.(c) Children must pass national tests.(d) Teachers must teach what they are told.64. Which of the following is not true about the British education system?(a) It's run by the state.(b) It's funded by the state.(c) It's supervised by the state.(d) It's dominated by the state.65. _________________ would admit children without reference to their academic abilities.(a) Comprehensive schools(b) Secondary schools(c) Independent schools(d) Grammar schoolsⅢ.Topics for Discussion1. What was the British Empire? What do you know about it? In what way is the Empire still felt in Britain and in the international field?2. Why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the British people with a few simple phrases?3. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland? How did Scotland become part of the union of Great Britain?4. Describe characteristics of Wales and Wales' unification with Great Britain.5. Are there any differences between England, Scotland and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?6. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?7. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?8. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.9. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?10. What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?11. How did the doctrine of the "divine right of kings", according to the author, lead to the English Civil War? What do you know about the causes of the English Revolution in the 17th century?12. What is the history of English parliament? What role did the parliament play in the Civil War?13. Discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the British constitution.14. Why does the author say that parliament is supreme in the British state? What functions does parliament have? What role does the Queen ( King ) and the Prime Minister play in British government?15. What kind of institution is the House of Lords? What role does it play in British government?16. Who can stand for election as an MP in the UK? Why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?17. What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?18. What are some of the recent political trends in the UK? Are these trends more democratic or undemocratic? What is the author's opinion?19. The author says that John Major's conservatives remain unpopular in 1997. What reasons doesthe author give for this political situation?20. Please define "absolute decline and relative decline" in the UK economy. How does the author explain the reasons for the absolute decline and relative decline?21. What did the Conservative Party under Mrs. Margaret Thatcher promise to do to the UK national economy in 1979? The word "reform" in the national economy was also popular when Mrs. Margaret Thatcher formed the government and decided to change the UK economy. What was her radical reform program? Was the program successful according to the author?22. What are the three main areas in national economies? Describe the development of each of the three areas in the UK economy.23. The author believes that Britain, like most developed economics, has seen a relatively shrinking of the importance of secondary industry and a spectacular growth in tertiary or service industries. Why is it so? Do you see a similar growth in tertiary industries in China in the past 20 years? How is this growth related to the reform and opening up to the outside world?24. What are the purposes of the British education system? Please comment on these purposes. What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?25. How does the British education system reflect social class?26. What are the major changes that have taken place since World War II? Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality? Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points.27. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist?28. What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of this system?。