营养与食品卫生英语翻译技巧
关于饮食健康的英语单词
关于饮食健康的英语单词饮食健康对于我们的身体和心理健康至关重要。
在这个章节中,我们将学习一些与饮食健康相关的英语单词,以便于大家更好地了解和掌握健康饮食的知识。
这些单词可以分为以下几个类别:1.健康食物:- Vegetable(蔬菜)- Fruit(水果)- Cereal(谷物)- Protein(蛋白质)- Dairy(乳制品)- Whole grain(全谷物)2.不健康食物:- Junk food(垃圾食品)- Fast food(快餐)- Sweets(甜食)- Soft drink(碳酸饮料)- Alcohol(酒精)- Tobacco(烟草)3.饮食习惯:- Balanced diet(均衡饮食)- Moderation(适度)- Portion control(控制分量)- Snacking(零食)- Meal planning(餐点规划)- Family dinner(家庭聚餐)4.健康饮食原则:- Nutrient-rich(营养丰富)- Low in fat(低脂肪)- Low in sugar(低糖)- High in fiber(高纤维)- Pesticide-free(无农药)- Organic(有机)以下是一些实用场景举例:- I prefer to eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.(我喜欢吃富含水果、蔬菜和全谷物的均衡饮食。
)- It"s important to limit junk food and fast food intake for better health.(限制垃圾食品和快餐的摄入对于健康很重要。
)- To maintain a healthy weight, practice moderation and control your portion sizes.(为了保持健康的体重,要实践适度饮食并控制食量。
高考英语必记词汇之健康与饮食
高考英语必记词汇之健康与饮食高频单词Group 11. allergicadj. 过敏的2. achevi. &n. 疼痛3. appetiten. 食欲,胃口4. appropriateadj. 合适的,恰当的5. balancen. 平衡6. benefitn. &v. 利益,受益7. bleedvi. 出血,流血8. cafeterian. 自助餐厅9. candy n. 糖果10. canteen n. 餐厅;食堂Group 21. comfortableadj. 舒服的,安逸的2. curen. &vt. 治疗;治好3. deliciousadj. 美味的,可口的4. desperateadj. 绝望的,拼命的5. dietn. 日常饮食;vi. 节食6. diseasen. 疾病7. dizzyadj. 头晕目眩的8. energyn. 精力;活力9. harmn. &v. 伤害;损伤harmfuladj. 有害的;致伤的harmlessadj. 无害的;不致伤的10. healthn. 健康,卫生healthyadj. 健康的,健壮的Group 31. injurevt. 伤害,损害2. necessaryadj. 必需的,必要的3. nutritionn. 营养,滋养4. operatev. 做手术,运转;实施,经营,管理operationn. 手术,操作5. overweightadj. 太胖的,超重的6. painfuladj. 痛苦的7. patientn. 病人8. physiciann. 内科医生9. poisonn. 毒药10. prescriptionn. 处方Group 41. raisevt. 使升高;饲养;筹集2. randomadj. 随意,未经事先考虑的3. rangen. &v. 变化,变动,排序4. recipen. 烹饪法,食谱5. recognizevt. 认出6. recovervi. 痊愈;恢复7. reducevt. 减少,缩减8. refreshv. (使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复9. reliefn. 轻松,解脱,缓和,救济10. reservationn. 预订reserven. &v. 储备;预订Group 5 1. servevt. 招待(顾客等),服务servicen. 服务2. snackn. 小吃3. stomachn. 胃,胃部stomachachen. 胃疼4. strengthn. 强项,长处;力量5. supplyvt. &n. 供给,供应6. symptomn. 症状7. tasten. 品尝,味道vt. 品尝,品味tastelessadj. 无滋味的tastyadj. 味道好的8. unhealthyadj. 不健康的,不卫生的9. virusn. 病毒10. vitaminn. 维生素高频短语Group 11. acquire a good habit养成好习惯2. be good/bad for对……有益/有害3. be worried about对……担心/焦虑4. be in good health身体健康5. be rich in富含6. be high/low in含……高/低7. be on a diet节食8. build up one’s body 增强某人的体质9. break down(身体)垮掉10. cure sb. of. . . 治愈某人……Group 21. die from由于……而死2. get overweight变得肥胖3. have a pain in某处疼痛4. keep fit保持健康5. keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食6. lose weight减肥7. put on weight增加体重8. recover from从……中恢复9. suffer from遭受,患上10. take exercise进行运动,锻炼写作佳句1. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of diets.由于担心我的健康,我尝试了许多种饮食。
食品英语中英对照翻译
食品英语中英对照翻译Brown sugar 砂糖dark Brown Sugar 红糖Rock Sugar 冰糖Maltose 麦芽糖Custer sugar 白砂糖(适用于做糕点)Icing Sugar 糖粉(可用在打鲜奶油及装饰蛋糕外层)Soy sauce 酱油,分生抽(light)及老抽两种Vinegar 醋Cornstarch 太白粉,玉米淀粉Sesame Seeds 芝麻Sesame oil 麻油cooking oil 菜油olive oil橄榄油(植物油)Creamed Coconut 椰油Oyster sauce 蚝油Canola oil 加拿大芥花油(菜油)broth 肉汤Pepper 胡椒Chinese red pepper 花椒monosodium glutamate味精Red chilli powder 辣椒粉sesame芝麻Sesame paste 芝麻酱Salt black bean 豆鼓peanut butter花生酱Bean curd sheet 腐皮Tofu 豆腐bean curd豆干,干子Sea vegetable or Sea weed 海带Green bean 绿豆Red Bean 红豆Black bean 黑豆Red kidney bean 大红豆Dried mushroom 冬菇Silk noodles 粉丝hazelnut榛子almond杏仁Agar-agar 燕菜Bamboo shoots 竹笋罐头Star anise 八角fennel茴香clove丁香Wantun skin 馄饨皮Dried chestnut 干粟子Tiger lily buds 金针Red date 红枣Water chestnuts 荸荠罐头Dried shrimps 虾米Cashew nuts 腰果walnut胡桃cream 奶油cheddar cheese 英国切达干酪butter 黄油margarine 植物奶油cream cheese干酪cottage cheese 白干酪mozzarella 意大利白干酪yogurt 酸奶juice 果汁marmalade橘子或柠檬酱jelly果冻Cake mix蛋糕粉syrup糖浆, 果汁salad dressing沙拉酱mashed potatoes土豆泥sundae圣代冰淇淋jam果酱marmalade橘子酱mustard 芥末ketchup调味番茄酱mayonnaise蛋黄酱spices 香料Skim milk脱脂牛奶Low-fat milk低脂牛奶Buttermilk 脱脂酸牛奶Soya drink 豆浆,婴幼儿食品infant or baby food 强化食品nutrient fortified food 天然食品natural food摸拟食品imitation food预包装食品prepackaged food食品制造food manufacturing食品加工food processing食品工业food industry食品资源food resource食品新资源new resource for food原料raw material配料ingredient主料major ingredient (major material)辅料minor ingredient食品添加剂food additive食品营养强化剂food enrichment加工助剂processing aid酶enzyme配料表list of ingredients配方formula食品包装材料packaging material for food食品包装容器food container软包装flexible package硬包装rigid package食品标签food labelling保质期date of minimum durability食品质量管理food quality control食品质量监督food quality supervision食品质量检验food quality inspection食品卫生food hygiene (food safety)食品营养food nutrition食品成分food composition食品分析food analysis食品工业标准化food industry standardization 食品标准food standard食品产品标准food product standard食品卫生标准food hygienic standard食品厂卫生娣丁?hygienic code of food factory食品分析方法标准food analysing standard methed良好加工规范good manufacturing practice (GMP)危害分析关键控制点hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) 食品生产许可证food production licence食品产品合格证food product qualification食品卫生许可证food hygiene licence食品卫生合格证food hygiene qualification食品工业副产品by-product of food industry粮食grain粮食制品cereal product肉制品meat product食用油脂edible oil and fat乳制品dairy product水产品sea food水果制品fruit product蔬菜制品vegetable product植物蛋白食品vegetable protein food淀粉制品starch-based product蛋制品egg product糕点pastry糖果candy调味品condiment (seasoning)食用盐edible salt (food grade salt)饮料酒alcoholic drink无酒精饮料non-alcoholic drink (soft drink )原料清理raw material handling (raw material cleaning)原料预处理pretreatment of raw material酸处理acid treatment硫处理sulphuring treatment碱处理alkali treatment粉碎grinding破碎cracking (crushing)打浆mashing搅拌mixing分离separation离心分离centrifugal separation 过滤filtration膜分离membrane separation筛分screening (sifting)沉降precipitation浓缩concentration蒸馏distillation精馏rectification (distilling)蒸发evaporation闪蒸flash evaporation离子交换ion exchange吸附adsorption吸收absorption解吸deabsorption干燥drying脱水dehydration复水rehydration浸取extraction压榨pressing乳化emusifying均质homogenizing发酵fermentation酿造brewing糊化gelatinization凝沉retrogradation液化liquifying (liquefaction)糖化saccharification (conversion) 氢化hydrogenation嫩化tenderization软化softening营养强化fortification (enrichment)膨化extrusion (puffing)精制refining烘焙baking熏制smoking保鲜refreshment (refreshing)冷藏cold storage , frozen storage速冻quick-freezing气调贮藏storage in controlled atmosphere干制保藏drying preservation (preserved by dehydration ; drying process) 腌制保藏curing preservation (preserved by curing process)盐渍salting酱渍saucing糖渍sugaring酸渍pickling糟渍cured or pickled with germented grains辐照保藏irradiation preservation化学保藏chemical preservation成熟ripening后熟maturation灭菌sterilization超高温瞬时灭菌ultra high temperature short time sterilization商业无菌commercial sterilization消毒disinfection巴氏消毒pasteurization接种inoculation培菌cultivation染菌microbiological contamination (contamination )食品包装food packaging (food packing ,food package )真空包装vacuum packing充气包装gas flush packaging (gas packing )无菌包装aseptic packaging (aseptic packing )营养素nutrient蛋白质protein粗蛋白质crude protein植物蛋白vegetable protein动物蛋白animal protein蛋白质营养学评价nutritional evaluation蛋白质变性protein denaturation蛋白质互补complementary action of protein氨基酸amino acid必需氨基酸essential amino acid脂肪fat (oil and fat)粗脂肪crude fat脂肪酸fatty acid饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid不饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid碳水化合物carbohydrate有效碳水化合物effective carbohydrate粗纤维crude fiber膳食纤维dietary fiber矿物质mineral matter微量元素trace element维生素vitamin脂溶性维生素liposoluble vitamin (fat soluble vitamin)水溶性维生素water soluble vitamin每日推荐的营养素供给量(RDA) recommended daily nutrient allowance 水分moisture content水分活度water activity热量calorie固形物solid content可溶性固形物soluble solid不溶性固形物insoluble solid食品污染food contamination生物性污染biologic contamination化学性污染chemical contamination放射性污染radioactive contamination重金属heavy metal微生物毒素microbial toxin农药残留residue of pesticide兽药残留residue of veterinary drug食物中毒food poisoning酸败rancidity腐败spoilage霉变mould褐变browning食物安全毒理学评价toxicological evaluation for food safety 人体每日允许摄入量(ADI) acceptable daily intake (ADI)食品感官检验sensory analysis ( sensory evaluation)感官特性organoleptic attribute食品理化检验food physical and chemical analysis总糖total reducing sugar还原糖reducing sugar酸度acidity总酸total acid碘价iodine value酸价acid value过氧化值peroxide value食品微生物学检验food microbiological analysis菌落总数total plate count大肠菌群coliform致病菌pathogenic bacterium抗生素antibiotic、公司产品系列涵盖:橡皮糖、手工艺棒糖、棉花糖、玩具糖果、节日糖果和各类休闲食品等,同时公司致力于中、高档休闲食品的进出口贸易和中国大陆的分销业务。
食品专业英语翻译
LESSON 1营养我们吃什么,以及我们如何确定我们吃营养状况的一个重要程度,并有外部和内部多种因素的影响。
谁的人要罚款的问题的答案:“我应该吃什么良好的营养?”很容易成为迷失在信息走廊迷宫,困惑由科学家提供的技术资料,由财富或提供简单的答案误导与产品销售[1]。
某处之间是合理的,常识性的信息,我们可以用它来指导我们的声音营养知识的追求。
首先,我们需要学习一些常用术语的定义和营养找出各种各样的指引,可帮助我们衡量我们的饮食质量和健康的饮食模式发展。
营养与食品:定义这个词往往是成对营养与食品一词,因为两者是相辅相成的。
它们是相互依存的,但不能互换。
食品可能被定义为任何提供营养物质,食用时饮用。
它是由许多天然成分的所有化学品的气味,如提供不同的功能了,味道,颜色和营养。
给我们的营养成分,被称为营养素。
这些营养素归类为脂肪,蛋白质,碳水化合物(糖和淀粉),矿物质,维生素和水。
他们被称为必需的营养素,因为我们不能让他们一直没有。
我们需要为他们的能量,为建立和维持人体组织,以及用于调节身体机能的三个食品在体内基本职能。
营养可能被定义为过程,我们得到了必要的营养,并利用它们让我们的身体许多其他物质需要,这个过程将包括饮食和消化食物,吸收和利用,或代谢,它含有的养分。
我们可以从食物中获得所有必需的营养。
但是,它可能获得不进食,消化食物,如果,例如,直接注入营养素如静脉营养静脉营养对我们的。
因此,它是所必需的营养素和食物,通常为他们提供[3]。
由于粮食是重要的,我们需要知道食物的,哪些是对各种营养素的最佳来源,成为一个健康的饮食营养如何结合他们的内容。
良好的营养一词意味着,我们从我们的食物都需要保持在我们的身体运作,并保持最佳的健康必需营养素的数额获得。
一个良好的营养非常简化的定义可能是“在正确的饮食量适当的食物。
”该工作涉及的营养科学家在人体中发现,每一个我们需要一笔发生的事情,当我们收到过多或过少,对粮食和死亡,我们应该吃什么食物和数额会有多大。
营养与食品卫生学英汉互译词汇完整
acceptable daily intake (ADI)每日允许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品acid value 酸价Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂,活化剂activity coefficient,AC 活性系数actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附,吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁Adequate intake,AI 适宜摄入量alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcus甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia早老性痴呆(阿耳茨海默痴呆)Amanita muscaria 毒蝇伞Amanita pantherina 豹斑毒伞Amanita phalloides 毒伞Amanita verna 白毒伞Amanita virosa 鳞柄白毒伞amaranth 苋莱红amatoxins 毒伞八肽类Ames test Ames 试验,艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属,阿米巴原虫,变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus 灰绿曲霉Aspergillus nidulans 构巢曲霉Aspergillus niger 黑曲霉Aspergillus niveus 霉白曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉Aspergillus parasiticus 寄生曲霉Aspergillus restrictus 局限曲霉Aspergillus terreus 土曲霉Aspergillus ustus 焦曲霉Aspergillus versicolor 采色曲霉Aspergillus wentti 温特曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物Bacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌Bacillus cereous 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus erysipelatos-suis 猪丹毒杆菌Bacillus subtilis 枯草杆菌Bacillus tuberculosis bovis 牛型结核杆菌bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫B.alcaligenes metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate,BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism,BM 基础代谢basic energy exenditure,BEE 基础能量消耗base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz(a)anthracene (BA) 苯并(a)蒽benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) 苯并(a)芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六β-carotene β-胡萝卜素beta hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌betanin 甜菜苷BHC;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane六六六bilirubin胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bilobol 白果(二)酚bioconcentration 生物富集,生物浓集biodeterioration 生物危害bioenergetics 生物能量学biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard 生物危害biological concentration生物富集,生物浓集biological expansion 生物性膨胀(罐头)biological half-time 生物半减期biological prevention 生物防治biological value 生物价(生理价值)biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运bis(P-chlorophenyl)acetic acid pp'-滴滴埃1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2--dichloroethane pp′-滴滴滴1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene pp′-滴滴伊1,1'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2trichloroethane pp′—滴滴涕Bitot`s spots(patches) 结膜干燥,比托斑点bitter almond kernel 苦杏仁bittern 盐卤Biuron 敌草隆bleach 漂荡,预煮bleaching agent 漂白剂blindness 盲,视觉缺失blood clam 蚶body mass index,BMI 体重指数botulin(botulismotoxin) 肉毒菌毒素botulism 肉毒中毒Bouin's solution 鲍音液Bovine Sponglform Encephalopathy,BSE 疯牛病bran 糠branched chain amino acid 支链氨基酸breakdown 分解breast milk 母乳broad bean 蚕豆bromethane 溴甲烷bromomethane;methyl bromide 溴甲烷brown rice 糙米Brucella 布氏杆菌属Brucelliasis 布氏杆菌病B.subtilis test 桔草杆菌试验B.thermophilie flat sour 嗜热性平酸苗butenolide 丁烯酸内酯butylated hydroxyanisole 丁基羟基茴香醚butylated hydroxytoluene 二丁基羟基甲苯B.welchii(B.perfringens)韦氏杆菌(产气荚膜杆菌)Ccachexia 恶病质cadaverine 尸胺cadmium 镉cadmium carbonate 碳酸镉cadmium chlorate 氯酸镉cadmium hydroxide 氢氧化镉cadmium nitrate 硝酸镉cadmium sulfide 硫化镉caffeine 咖啡碱calciferol 钙化醇calcitonin,CT 降钙素calcium 钙caloric quotient 热能系数calorie 卡(路里)calorifacient 生热的,产热的calorimeter 测热计,热量计calorimetry 测热法Camplobacter fetus subsp.jejuni胎儿弯曲菌空肠亚种Camplobacterjejuni 空肠弯曲菌Candida 假丝酵母,念珠菌属cannabidiol 大麻二酚cannabinol 大麻酚cannabis seed oil poisining 大麻子油中毒canned food 罐头食品capsanthin 辣椒红caramel 酱色,焦糖carbamate 氨基甲酸酯carbohydrate 碳水化物carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carcinogen 致癌物carcinogenicity test 致癌试验carithamine 红花黄色素carnitine 肉毒碱casein 酪蛋白cassava 木薯catabolism 分解代谢cation exchange resins 阳离子交换树脂cell transformation test 细胞转化试验cellulose 纤维素ceramics 陶瓷ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白cesium 铯chemical expansion 化学性膨胀(罐头) chemical engineering ,chemical industry,chemical technolog 化工chemical pollution 化学污染chemical prevention 化学防治Chlorella 小球藻属chlorinated hydrocarbon,organochlorine氯化烃,有机氯chlorogenic acid 绿原酸cholesterol 胆固醇cholecal ciferol 维生素D3,胆钙化醇choline esterase 胆碱酯酶chromium 铬chromosome 染色体chromosome abberation 染色体畸变chromosome aberration assay test染色体畸变分析试齄chronic mercury poisoning 慢性汞中毒chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验chylomicron 乳糜微粒cigarette 香烟Citreoviridin 黄绿青霉素citrinin 桔青霉素Cladosporium 枝孢属clam 蛤Clavus secalinus 麦角Claviceps purpurea Tulasne 麦角菌cleaner 洗涤剂cleaning 净化cleavage of phosphide ester linkage 磷酯键裂解cleft palate 腭裂Clitocybe 杯伞属Clostridium 芽胞杆菌属Clostridium botulinum 内毒杆菌Clostridium butylicum 丁酸杆菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌coagulant 凝固剂coagulase 凝固酶cobalt 钴cobalt chloride 氯化钻coffee 咖啡colchicine 秋水仙碱cold frozen 冷冻cold press 冷榨cold sterilization 冷灭菌cold storage 冷藏coliform group 大肠菌群colitap 大肠菌快速检验纸片coli test 大肠杆菌试验colliod 胶体colloid system 胶体系统colonization factor antigen,CFA定居因子抗原complementary action 互补作用concentrated milk 浓缩奶concentration factor 浓集系数condensed milk 炼乳congenital mercury poisoning先天性汞中毒conglycinin 伴大豆球蛋白conjunctival dryness 结膜干燥contaminants in food 食品污染物contaminants of biological origin生物性污染物contaminants of chemical origin化学性污染物contaminants of radioactive origin放射性污染物contamination 污染control organ of food hygiene食品卫生监督机构control system of food hygiene食品卫生监督制copper 铜corn cockle seed 麦仙翁籽corn soybean milk (CSM) 玉米大豆乳coronary heart disease 冠心病cowmilk 牛乳Coxsackie virus 柯沙奇病毒crayfish 蝲蛄critical control point,CCP 关键控制点critical porion 敏感期cumulative coefficient 蓄积系数cumulative toxicity index 蓄积毒性系数cumulative toxicity test 蓄积毒性试验Curcuma longa 姜黄curcumin 姜黄素β-cyanoalanine β-氰丙氨酸cyanogenetic glycoside plant poisoning含氰甙植物中毒cyanogenetic glycoside 含氰甙cyanomethemoglobin 氰化正铁血红蛋白cycasin 苏铁素cyclamate 环己氨基磺酸盐cyclic N-nitroso compound环状N-亚硝基化台钧cyclochlorotine 环氯素cysteine 半胱氨酸cystine 胱氨酸cytochrome 细胞色素cytochrome P450s,CYP 细胞色素P450酶系cytochrome oxidase 细胞色素氧化酶Ddaily dietary allowance 每日膳食供给量Datura stramonium L. 蔓陀萝day blindness 昼盲(症)daylily 黄花莱,金针莱21-day survival index 21天哺育成活率2,4-D;2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D; 2,4-二氯苯氧醋酸DDVP;dichlorvos;dichlorphos 敌敌畏dealkylation 脱烷基化作用deamination 脱氨基作用Debaryomyces 德巴利氏酵母属decimal reduction time (DRT)90%递减时间diarrhea 腹泻difference between individuals 个体差异delayed neurotoxicity 迟发性神经毒作用delayed neurotoxicity test迟发神经毒性试验delta-BHC δ-六六六Demeton,systox 内吸磷Density of energy 热能密度Density of nutrient 营养素密度dental plaque 斑牙deoxyadenosylcobalamin 腺苷钴胺酸Deoxynivalenol (DON) 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇descendant 子系体,后代Deuteromycetes (Imperfect fungi)半知茵纲(不完全菌纲)dhurrin 蜀黍氰甙diabetes mellitus,DM 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒diacetoxyscirpenol 二醋酸熏草镰刀菌烯醇dialycerides 甘油二脂Diazinon 二嗪农dibenz(a,h)anthracene,DBA 二苯并(a,h)蒽dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane;1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(P-chlorophenyl)ethan 滴滴涕(DDT)dientamoeba fragilis 脆双核阿米巴diet 膳食,饮食dietary 食谱,饮食的dietary history 饮食习惯dietary fiber 膳食纤维dietary guidelines 膳食指南dietary recall 膳食回顾dietary reference intakes,DRIs膳食营养素参考摄入量dietary reference values,DRVs 膳食参考量difference between species 种间差异digestibility 消化率digestion 消化dihydrochalcone 二氢查耳酮dihydronivalenone 二氢雪腐烯酮dihydrosafrole 二氢黄樟素1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1,25-二羟维生素D37,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene;7,12-DMBA 7,12-二甲基苯并(a)蒽dioxin 二噁英direct calorimetry 直接测热法discrimination factor 差异系数diterpene 双萜dithion 畜虫磷diverticulosis 憩室病DNA repair synthesis test DNA修复合成试验domestic animal 家畜dominant lethal test 显性致死试验dopamine-β-hydroxylase 多巴胺-β-羟化酶dose-effect(dose-response) relationship 剂量效应(反应)关系drogs 废渣dried bean curd 豆腐干Drosophila melanogaster recessive lethal test 果蝇隐性致死试验Drosophila recessive lethal assay 果蝇隐性致死试验duodenum 十二指肠dwarfism 矮小,侏儒症dystrophic hyperkeratosis 营养不良性角化过度Eeating out 出外用膳eating patterns 饮食习惯Echinococcus granulosus 细粒棘球绦虫ECHO virus 埃柯病毒ecosystemic equipoise 生态平衡edema 水肿Edible microorganismus 食用微生物elastin 弹性蛋白elderly 老年人elementary school 小学Embadomonas intestinalis 肠内滴虫emulsion 乳胶,乳浊剂,乳剂emulsoid 乳胶体energy 热能energy coefficient 能量系数endemic arsenic poisoning 地方性砷中毒endemic cretinism 地方性克汀病endemic disease 地方病endemic fluorine poisoning 地方性氟中毒endopeptidase 肽链内切酶endosperm 胚乳energy requirment 热能需要量Engel's index 恩格尔指数enrichment 强化(食品)enterogastrone 肠抑胃素enterogenous cyanosis 肠原性青紫enteroinvasive E.Coli 肠侵袭性大肠杆菌enteropathogenic E.Coli 肠致病性大肠杆菌enterotoxigenic E.Coli 肠产毒性大肠杆菌enterotoxin 肠毒素epinephrine 肾上腺素epiphysis 松果体,骨骺epithollium 上皮epoxide 环氧化物12,13-epoxytrichothecenes 12,13-环氧单端孢霉烯族化合物ergocalciferol 麦角骨化醇,维生素D2ergometrine 麦角新碱ergometrinine 麦角异新碱ergot 麦角ergotamine 麦角胺ergotism 麦角中毒ergotoxine 麦角毒Erwinia 欧文菌属erythocytes 红细胞erythroskyrin 红天精Escherichia 埃希菌属Esherichia coli 大肠杆菌essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸esterification 酯化(作用)estimated safe and adequate intake安全适当的建议摄入量estrogen 雌激素ethion 乙硫磷ethnic 人种的,人种学的Eumycetes 真菌纲evaporated milk 脱脂牛奶FFacioletta ilocana 伊族棘口吸虫fallout 沉降灰FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex(CA-C) FAO/WHO 食品卫生法规联合委员会farina 面粉,淀粉Fasciola hepatica 肝片吸虫Fasciolopsis 姜片虫属Fasciols heterophyes 异形吸虫fast-food 快餐fat 脂肪Fat-soluble vitamins 脂溶性维生素fatty acid 脂酸fecundation index 受孕率Federal Radiation Council,FRC 美国联邦辐射委员会feeding test for 90 days 90天喂养试验feeding test for 7 days 7天喂养试验Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act联邦食品药品化妆品法(美国)Fenthion 倍疏磷(百治屠)fermented tea 发酵茶Fermentive corn flour 酵(臭)米面Fermentive corn flour intoxication 酵(臭)米面食物中毒fern 蕨类(羊齿植物)ferritin 铁蛋白ferroxidase 铁氧化酶fertilizer (化学)肥料F-2 estrogenic mycotoxinF-2 雌性发情毒素Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,FAS胎儿酒精症候群fetus 胎儿fiber 纤维fibrin 纤维蛋白fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原finless eel 蟮鱼fish 鱼,鱼类fishery 渔业fishing ground 渔场flatulence factor 胃肠胀气因子Flavobacterium 黄杆菌属Flavobacterum farinofermentans 酵米面黄杆茴flavonoid 黄酮类化合物fluorene 芴fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟fluorosis 氟中毒flour tortillas 墨西哥薄饼fluid balance 体液平衡fluoride 氟化物fluorosis 氟中毒folacin 叶酸folic acid 叶酸food additive 食品添加剂Food and Argriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮农组织Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of U.S. 美国食品与药物管理局food chain 食物链food colour 食用色素food composition 食物成分food contamination 食品污染food fortifier 食品强化剂food grain other than wheat and rice 杂粮food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food origin disease 食源性疾病food poisoning 食物中毒Food toxicology 食品毒理学Food Safety Council of U.S.美国食品安全性协会food spoilage 食品腐败变质food stamp 食品券food storage 食品贮存foot-and-mouth disease virus 口蹄疫病毒fortification 加强,强化fresh water crab 河蟹fresh water fish 淡水鱼fried bean curd 油豆腐fruitarian 果食者full blood count 全血计数fumigant 熏蒸剂fungi 真菌fungicide 杀菌剂fusarenon-X 镰刀菌烯酮-XFusarium 镰刀菌属Fusarium equiseti 木贼镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum 禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium lateritium 砖红镰刀菌Fusarlum moniliforme 串株镰刀菌Fusarium nivale 雪腐镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum 尖孢镰刀菌Fusarlum poae 梨孢镰刀菌Fusarlum roseum 粉红镰刀菌Fusarlum scripi 藤草镰刀菌Fusarium semitectum 半裸镰刀菌Fusarinm solani 茄病镰刀菌Fusarium sporotrichioides 拟枝孢镰刀菌Fusarium spp. 镰刀菌Fusarium toxin 镰刀菌毒素Fusarfum tricinctum 三线镰刀菌Ggalactotransferase 半乳糖转移酶gamma-BHC γ-六六六gamma streptococcus 丙型链球菌grain embryo 谷胚(芽)garlic 大蒜gastroenteric irritant 胃肠刺激物gellyfish 诲蜇gelsemine 钩吻碱gene mutation 基因突变genetically modified food,GMF 转基因食品geo-chemical disease 地球化学性疾病germination 发芽Giardia lamblia 贾兰第鞭毛虫Gibberella zeae 玉米赤霉ginkgo biloba L. 银杏,白果ginkgolic acid 白果酸Glass can 玻璃罐头glossitis 舌炎glucagon 胰高血糖素glucogenesis 葡萄糖生成glucogenic amino acid 生糖氨基酸glucose 葡萄糖glucosinolate 芥子甙glutamic acid 谷氨酸glucuronide 葡糖苷酸glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycemic index 血糖生成指数glycolysis 糖酵解Gnathostoma spinigerum 棘聘口线虫glutathione peroxdase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutinous rice 糯米goitrogen 致甲状腺肿因子Good Manufacture Practice (IMP)良好生产工艺gossypol 棉酚grain, cereal 谷类grain husk 谷皮grain moth 谷蠹grain peat 大谷盗grain processing 粮食加工green food 绿色食品grind 碾磨grind into thick liquid 磨浆guaiac 愈创木脂gustin 味觉素Gymnopilus spectabi1is 桔黄裸伞gypsum 石膏Gyromitra esculenta 鹿花蕈Gyromitrin 鹿花蕈素HHafnia 哈夫尼亚菌属hallucinogen 幻觉原Halobacterium 嗜盐杆菌属Halococcus 嗜盐球菌属Hansenula 汉逊酵母属harelip(cleft lip) 唇裂heat-labile toxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素heat-stable toxin,ST 耐热肠毒素heavy metal 重金属Heliotroplum lascocarpum 毛果洋茉莉helminth蠕虫hemagglutinin 血细胞凝集素heme 血红素hemicellulose 半纤维素hemoglobin 血红蛋白hemolytic toxin 溶血毒素hemosiderin 血铁黄素herbicide 除草剂heroin 海洛因,吗啡high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白high density lipoprotein cholesterin,HDL-C 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇histamine 组胺histidine 组氨酸HT-2 toxin HT-2毒素hydrazine 肼,联氨hydrogenation 氢化作用hydrogen cyanide 氢氰酸hydrolysis 水解作用hydrometer (液体)比重计hydrometry 液体比重测定法hydroxyapatite 羟磷灰石hydroxycholecalciferol羟基胆固醇化钙,25-羟维生素D3hydroxocobalamine 羟钴胺素hydroxyergocalciferol羟基麦角钙化醇,25-羟维生素D2Hymonolepis diminuta 长膜壳绦虫hyperactivity 功能亢进的hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症hyperlipaemia 高脂蛋白血症hypertension 高血压hypervitaminosis 维生素过多症hypocalcemia 低钙血症IIbotenic acid 鹅膏鼙氨酸Idiopathic hypogeusia 自发性味觉减退Illicium anisatum L. 山大茴,毒茴香,假茴香,次大料Implantation period 着床期incidence of parturition 妊娠率income elasticity 收入弹性index of nutritional quality (INQ) 营养质量指数indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indigo carmine 靛蓝胭脂红indirect calorimetry 间接测热法indole 吲哚(靛基质)Inocybe 丝盖伞属inodized salt 碘盐insecticide 杀虫剂inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员insulin 胰岛素International Commission on Radiological Protection; ICRP 国际放射防护委员会iodine 碘iodin deficiency disorders 碘缺乏病ionization theory 离子化学说iron 铁islanditoxin 岛青霉毒素isoleucine 异亮氨酸isosafrole 异黄樟素lsothiocyanates 异硫氰酸酯Isospora hominis 人等胞子球虫Isoxazole derivative 异噁唑衍生物Jjoule 焦耳junior food幼儿食品KKahagawa phenomenon 神奈川现象kelp 海带kerantin 角蛋白ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketosis 酮病kilocalorie 千卡Kilojoule 干焦Klebsiella 克雷伯菌属Konwey's dish 康威皿kwashiorkor 恶性营养不良Labeling of INQ INQ标志(营养质量指数标志)lac insect 紫胶虫lactation 泌乳,哺乳Lactarius 乳菇属Lactobacilius 乳杆菌属L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester天门冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯lathyrism 山黧豆中毒lead 铅lead linear 铅线lead load 铅负荷leaf protein 叶蛋白lean body mass 瘦体质lean meat 瘦肉lecithin 卵磷脂leucine 亮氨酸L-α,γ-diamlnobutyric acidL-α,γ-二氨基丁酸life-span toxicity test 终生毒性试验lignin 木质素limiting amino acid 限制氨基酸linamarin 亚麻苦甙,棉豆甙lindane 林丹linolenic acid 亚麻酸linolie acid 亚油酸linuron,N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)N-methoxy-N-methylurea 利谷隆lipase 脂肪酶lipid 脂类lipoids 类脂质lipoprotein 脂蛋白lithium 锂live birth index 出生成活率liverfluke 肝吸虫Lolium temulentum L. 毒麦long term toxicity test 长期毒性试验low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇lungfluke 肺吸虫Lycopene 番茄红素lysine 赖氨酸lysyloxidase 赖氨酰氧化酶Mmacrocytic anemia,macrocyte 巨红细胞macroelement 宏量元素Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病magnesium 镁maize 玉米malathion,Karbofos 马拉硫磷malnutrition 营养不良mammitis,mastitis 乳房炎management of food hygiene 食品卫生管理management of food poisoning食物中毒管理manganese 锰manibot utilissima 木薯marasmus 消瘦,消耗marine fish 海鱼maximum no-effect level (MNL)最大无作用量maximum probable number of coliform group 大肠菌群最近似数maximum no-effect dose 最大无作用剂量maximum residue limit 最高容许残留量maximum residue limit 最大残留限量meat factor 肉类因子medium lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量megajoule 兆焦megaloblastic anemia,megalobast巨幼红细胞melanin 黑色素mercury 汞metabolic antagonist 代谢拮抗物metabolic half-life (Ti) 代谢半衰期metabolism 代谢metabolism test of xenobiotics外来化合物代谢试验Metagonimus Yokogawai 横川后殖吸虫Metallic toxicant 金属毒物metallothionein,MT 金属硫蛋白methemoglobinemia 高铁血红蛋白血症methemoglobin reductase高铁血红蛋白还原酶methionine 蛋氨酸methyl 2-benzimidazole-carbamate (MBC) 多菌灵methylene blue 亚甲蓝,美蓝3-methyleholanthrene(3-MCA)3-甲基胆蒽4-methylimidazole 4-甲基咪唑Micrococcus 微球菌属Micrococcus roseum 玫瑰微球菌microelement 微量元素micronucleus test 微核试验microsome mediated assay 微粒体间介试验millet 小米milk curd 凝乳milker 挤奶器milk sugar,lactose 乳糖mineral 无机盐minimal effect level 最小有作用剂量minimium observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) 最小可见损害作用水平miscible calcium pool混溶钙池mite 螨类mitochondrion 线粒体mixed polysaccharide 杂多糖moisture absorption 吸湿性molasses 糖蜜mollusc 软体动物molybdenum 铝monascorubin 红粬红素Monascus purpureus 紫红粬霉moniliformin 串珠镰刀菌素Monoamine oxidase 单胺氧化酶monoglyceride 单酸甘油脂monosacchavide 单糖monosodium glutamate 谷氨酸钠,味精monomethylhydrazine 甲基联氨monounsaturated 单不饱和的monuron,N′-(P-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea 灭草隆moral rule 道德规范mottling of teeth 斑牙症mouse 鼠类mouse unit,MU 小鼠单位Mucor 毛霉属mung bean 绿豆muscarine 毒蝇碱muscimol 毒蝇母mutagenicity test 致突变试验myoglobin 肌红蛋白myosin 肌球蛋白myristic acid 豆蔻酸NNADH-dehydrogenase 还原型辅酶I脱氢酶β-N-(γ-L-glutamyl)-aminopropionitrileβ-N- (γ-L-谷氨酰基)氨基丙腈naringin dihydrochalcone 柚苷二氢查耳酮natural radioactive background 天然放射性本底natural radionuclide 天然放射性核索negative nitrogen balance 负氮平衡neohesperidin dihydrochalcone新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮neo-solaniol 新茄病镰刀菌烯醇net protein utilization 蛋白质净利用率neurotoxicant 神经毒neurotoxic esterase 神经毒素酶neutral fat 中性脂肪new resources of food 食物新资源niacin 烟酸,尼克酸,维生素PPnicotinic acid 尼克酸nickel 镍night blindness 夜昼(症)nisin 乳酸链球苗肽nitrile 腈nitrite 亚硝酸盐nitrite poisoning 亚硝酸盐中毒nitrogen soluble index (NSI) 氮溶解指数nitrophen,2,4-dichloro-1-(4′-nitrophenoxy)benzene 除草醚nivalenol 雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,瓜萎镰菌醇nivalenol diacetate 二醋酸雪腐镰刀菌烯醇N-nitramine N-硝胺N-nitrosamide N-亚硝酰胺N-nitrosamidine N-亚硝基脒N-nitrosamine N-亚硝胺N-nitroso carbaryl N—亚硝西维因N-nitroso-compound N-亚硝基化合物N-nitrosodiethanolamine 二乙醇-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosodiethylamine 二乙基-N-亚硝胺N-nltrosodimethylamine 二甲基-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosomorpholine N-亚硝基吗啉N-nitrosopiperazidine(N-nitrosopiperazine) N-亚硝基哌嗪N-nitrosopiperidine N-亚磺基哌啶N-niterosopyrrolidine N-亚硝基吡咯烷N-nitroso sugar amino acidsN-亚硝基糖氨基酸N-nitrosourea N-亚硝基脲non-essential amino acid 非必需氨基酸non-fermented tea 未发酵茶no-observed-adverse-effect level(NOAEL) 无明显损害作用水平no-observed-effect level(NOEL)无明显作用水平norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素nordihydroguaiaretic acid去甲二氢愈创木酸γ-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminobutyric acidγ-N-草酰-L-α,β-二氨基丁酸β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acidβ-N-草酰-L-α,β-二氨基丙酸nucleotide 核苷酸nutrient 营养素nutritional ecology 营养生态学nutritional hygiene 营养卫生学nutritional iron deficiency anemia,IDA 营养缺铁性贫血nutritional marasmus 营养消瘦症nutritional requirement 营养素生理需要量nutritional surveillance 营养监测Oobesity 肥胖,肥胖症ochratoxin 赭曲霉毒素oils 油类oilseed cake 油籽饼oil-seed meal 油籽饼粉one-carbon unit 一碳单位onion 洋葱,葱头Opisthorchis felineus 猫后皋吸虫Opisthorchis(clonorchis) sinensis华支睾吸虫opium 鸦片opsin 视蛋白Oranoleptic indicator 感官指标organelle 细胞器organoarsenic 有机砷organomercury 有机汞organophosphorus 有机磷osmotic pressure 渗透压ossification 骨化(作用)osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteomalacia 骨软化(症) osteoporosis 骨质疏松症o-sulfobenzoic acid 邻磺基苯甲酸overweight 超重oxalate 草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxidation 氧化oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白oyster 牡蛎Ppalmitic acid 软脂酸Panaeolus 花褶伞属pantothenic acid,pantothen 泛酸Paragonismus westermani 卫氏并殖吸虫Paramecium caudatum 尾草履虫Parathion,Thiophos,1605 对硫磷parathyroid hormone,parathyrin 甲状旁腺素pasterpowderlayer(a1eurone layer) 糊粉层pasteurization 巴氏消毒法patulin 展青霉素pectin transeliminase 果胶反排除酶pellagra 糙皮症,玉米红斑病Penicillium 青霉菌属Penicillium citreo-viride 黄绿青霉Penicillium citrinum 桔青霉Penicillium claviforme 棒形青霉Penicillium cyclopium 圆孤青霉Penicillium decumbens 斜卧青霉Penicilllum expansum 扩展青霉Penicillium fellutanum 瘿青霉Penicillium implicatum 纠缠青霉Penicillium islandicum 岛青霉Penicillium lividum 铅色青霉Penicillium ochrosalmoneum棕鲜色肯霉,棕蛙色青霉Penicillium patulum 展青霉Penicillium pullviLlorum 垫状青霉Penicillium rubrum 红色青霉Penicillium viridicatum 纯绿色肯霉peptide 肽,肽段peracetic acid 过氧乙酸peristalsis 蠕动pesticide 农药pest to store (store pests) 仓库虫害peripheral nutrition,PPN 外周静脉营养phallotoxins 毒伞七肽类Phaseolus vulgaris L .四季豆,莱豆角,芸豆角phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸phenylketonuria,PKU 苯丙酮尿症phospholipid 磷脂phorate,E13911 甲拌磷,(3911) phosphatide 磷脂phospholipid 磷脂phosphorus 磷phosvitin 卵黄高磷蛋白Photobacterium phosphorescens磷光发光菌Phycomycetes 藻菌纲physical expansion 物理性膨胀(罐头) physiological hyaluronidase inhibitor生理透明质酸抑制剂physiological nutrition requirment营养生理需要量phytate 植酸盐phytic acid 植酸phytohemagglutinin (PHA) 植物凝血素Pichia 毕赤酵母属pigeon chest 鸡胸Plankton 浮游生物plant 植物plant growth regulator 植物生长调节素plant sterol 植物固醇plastic can 塑料罐头platelet stickness 血小板粘结poliomyelitis virus 小儿麻痹症病毒polonium 钋polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)多环芳烃类polyoxyethylene ether 聚氧乙烯醚polysaccharide polymerase 多糖聚合酶polyunsaturated fatty acid 多不饱和脂肪酸ponceau 4R 胭脂红,丽春红4Rpoppy 罂粟porphyria 紫质症porphyrin 卟啉positive nitrogen balance 正氮平衡potassium 钾practical residue limit 实际残留限量prandial 膳食的precursor 前体物preservative 防腐剂press 压榨Propionibacterium 丙酸杆菌属propylgallate 没食子酸丙酯prostaglandin 前列腺素protease 蛋白酶protective effect 防护作用protein 蛋白质protein concentrate 浓缩蛋白protein efficiency ratio 蛋白质功效比值protein-energy malnutrition,PEM蛋白质热能缺乏性营养不良protein isolate 分离蛋白protein sparing action 蛋白质节约作用Proteus变形杆菌属proteus food poisoning 变形杆菌食物中毒Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus morganli 莫根变形杆菌Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌protoplasmic toxin 原浆毒素Proteus rettgeri雷特洛变形杆菌,雷极氏变形杆菌prunasin 洋李甙Pseudoanisatin 伪毒八角亭Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas syncyanca 产蓝假单胞菌Pseudomonas synxantha 产黄假单胞菌psilocin 脱磷酸光盖伞素Psilocybe 光盖伞属psilocybin 光盖伞素puckery 味涩putrescine 腐胺pyridoxine 吡哆醇,维生素B6 pyrimidine 嘧啶pyrrolidine alkaloids 吡咯烷生物碱类。
健康饮食英语词汇大全掌握营养成分饮食习惯和健康饮食的英文表达
健康饮食英语词汇大全掌握营养成分饮食习惯和健康饮食的英文表达健康饮食英语词汇大全——掌握营养成分、饮食习惯和健康饮食的英文表达IntroductionHealthy eating is a significant aspect of maintaining a balanced lifestyle. It involves consuming a variety of foods that provide proper nutrition and contribute to overall well-being. In this article, we will explore an extensive list of English vocabulary related to healthy eating, including essential nutrients, dietary habits, and expressions for healthy eating.1. Nutrients and Their BenefitsCarbohydrates: Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. They can be found in foods like bread, pasta, rice, and cereals.Proteins: Proteins are essential for muscle growth and repair. Foods rich in protein include meat, fish, eggs, and legumes.Fats: While excessive fat intake can be harmful, consuming the right types of fats in moderation is important for a healthy diet. Good sources of healthy fats include avocados, nuts, and olive oil.Vitamins: Vitamins play crucial roles in the body, promoting growth, development, and overall health. Examples of vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin D.Minerals: Minerals, such as calcium and iron, are necessary for various bodily functions, including bone health and oxygen transport.Fiber: Fiber aids digestion, helps maintain a healthy weight, and reduces the risk of certain diseases. It is found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.2. Healthy Eating HabitsPortion Control: Controlling portion sizes helps manage calorie intake and prevents overeating.Balanced Diet: A balanced diet involves consuming the right amounts of different food groups to ensure adequate nutrition.Eating Regularly: Eating regular meals and snacks throughout the day helps maintain steady energy levels and prevents excessive hunger.Hydration: Staying hydrated is crucial for overall health. Drinking an adequate amount of water daily is essential.Limiting Processed Foods: Processed foods often contain high levels of salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats. It is important to limit their consumption.5-a-Day: The "5-a-day" guideline suggests eating at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily for optimal health.3. Expressions for Healthy EatingEat Clean: This phrase refers to consuming unprocessed, wholesome foods and avoiding highly processed ones.Mindful Eating: Mindful eating involves being fully present and conscious of one's eating experience, focusing on the taste, texture, and enjoyment of food.Superfoods: Superfoods are nutrient-dense foods that offer exceptional health benefits. Examples include blueberries, kale, and quinoa.Ditch Junk Food: This expression suggests avoiding unhealthy snack foods like chips, soda, and candy.Go Organic: Going organic means choosing foods that are grown without the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers.ConclusionMaintaining a healthy diet is an essential component of a balanced lifestyle. By familiarizing yourself with the vocabulary related to healthy eating, you will be better equipped to understand and discuss the importance of proper nutrition. Remember to embrace a variety of foods, practice portion control, and develop healthy eating habits to support your overall well-being.。
描述健康饮食的英语单词合集
描述健康饮食的英语单词合集01. 饮食 diet [ˈdaɪət]02. 一顿饭 meal [miːl]03. 粗粮 roughage [ˈrʌfɪdʒ]04. 谷物 grain [ɡreɪn]05. 燕麦 oat [əʊt]06. 蔬菜 vegetables ['vɛdʒətəblz]07. 水果 fruits [fruːts]08. 牛油果 avocado [ævəˈkɑːdəʊ]09. 鸡胸肉 chicken breast [ˈtʃɪkɪn brɛst]10. 营养 nutrition [nuˈtrɪʃn]11. 营养物质 nutrient [ˈnuːtriənt]12. 碳水化合物 carbohydrate [kɑːrbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt]13. 低碳水的 low-carb [ləʊ kɑːrb]14. 蛋白质 protein [ˈprəʊtiːn]15. 高蛋白的 high-protein [haɪˈprəʊtiːn]16. 脂肪 fat [fæt]17. 低脂的 low-fat [ləʊ fæt]18. 维生素 vitamin [ˈvaɪtəmɪn]19. 膳食纤维 dietary fiber [ˈdaɪətəri ˈfaɪbər]20. 矿物质 mineral [ˈmɪnərəl]21. 钙 calcium [ˈkælsiəm]22. 热量 energy [ɛnərgy]23. 卡路里 calorie [ˈkæləri]24. 黑咖啡 black coffee [blækˈkɔːfi]25. 蛋白粉 protein powder [ˈprəʊtiːn ˈpaʊdər]26. GI血糖指数 glycemic index [ɡlaɪ'siːmɪk ˈɪndɛks]27. 有机的 organic [ɔːrˈɡænɪk]28. 油腻的 greasy [ɡriːzi]29. 清淡的 bland [blænd]30. 健康的 healthy [ˈhɛlθi]知识拓展GI = glycemic index血糖指数AI = artificial intelligence 人工智能IT = information technology 信息技术你喜欢喝什么奶?organic milk有机奶lactose-free milk 无乳糖奶whole milk 全脂牛奶low-fat milk 低脂牛奶skim milk脱脂牛奶yogurt 酸奶soy milk豆奶oat milk燕麦奶almond milk杏仁奶coconut milk椰奶健身食物吃什么?chia seed奇亚籽quinoa藜麦oat 燕麦kale 羽衣甘蓝broccoli西蓝花avocado 牛油果fish 鱼肉chicken breast鸡胸肉energy drink能量饮料。
营养与食品卫生专业词汇 3
营养与食品卫生专业词汇3 Eeating out 出外用膳eating patterns 饮食习惯Echinococcus granulosus 细粒棘球绦虫ECHO virus 埃柯病毒ecosystemic equipoise 生态平衡edema 水肿Edible microorganismus 食用微生物elastin 弹性蛋白elderly 老年人elementary school 小学Embadomonas intestinalis 肠内滴虫emulsion 乳胶,乳浊剂,乳剂emulsoid 乳胶体energy 热能energy coefficient 能量系数endemic arsenic poisoning 地方性砷中毒endemic cretinism 地方性克汀病endemic disease 地方病endemic fluorine poisoning 地方性氟中毒endopeptidase 肽链内切酶endosperm 胚乳energy requirment 热能需要量Engel's index 恩格尔指数enrichment 强化(食品)enterogastrone 肠抑胃素enterogenous cyanosis 肠原性青紫enteroinvasive E.Coli 肠侵袭性大肠杆菌enteropathogenic E.Coli 肠致病性大肠杆菌enterotoxigenic E.Coli 肠产毒性大肠杆菌enterotoxin 肠毒素epinephrine 肾上腺素epiphysis 松果体,骨骺epithollium 上皮epoxide 环氧化物12,13-epoxytrichothecenes 12,13-环氧单端孢霉烯族化合物ergocalciferol 麦角骨化醇,维生素D2ergometrine 麦角新碱ergometrinine 麦角异新碱ergot 麦角ergotamine 麦角胺ergotism 麦角中毒ergotoxine 麦角毒Erwinia 欧文菌属erythocytes 红细胞erythroskyrin 红天精Escherichia 埃希菌属Esherichia coli 大肠杆菌essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸esterification 酯化(作用)estimated safe and adequate intake 安全适当的建议摄入量estrogen 雌激素ethion 乙硫磷ethnic 人种的,人种学的Eumycetes 真菌纲evaporated milk 脱脂牛奶FFacioletta ilocana 伊族棘口吸虫fallout 沉降灰FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex(CA-C) FAO/WHO食品卫生法规联合委员会farina 面粉,淀粉Fasciola hepatica 肝片吸虫Fasciolopsis 姜片虫属Fasciols heterophyes 异形吸虫fast-food 快餐fat 脂肪Fat-soluble vitamins 脂溶性维生素fatty acid 脂酸fecundation index 受孕率Federal Radiation Council,FRC 美国联邦辐射委员会feeding test for 90 days 90天喂养试验feeding test for 7 days 7天喂养试验Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act 联邦食品药品化妆品法(美国) Fenthion 倍疏磷(百治屠)fermented tea 发酵茶Fermentive corn flour 酵(臭)米面Fermentive corn flour intoxication 酵(臭)米面食物中毒fern 蕨类(羊齿植物)ferritin 铁蛋白ferroxidase 铁氧化酶fertilizer (化学)肥料F-2 estrogenic mycotoxin F-2 雌性发情毒素Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,FAS 胎儿酒精症候群fetus 胎儿fiber 纤维fibrin 纤维蛋白fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原finless eel 蟮鱼fish 鱼,鱼类fishery 渔业fishing ground 渔场flatulence factor 胃肠胀气因子Flavobacterium 黄杆菌属Flavobacterum farinofermentans 酵米面黄杆茴flavonoid 黄酮类化合物fluorene 芴fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟fluorosis 氟中毒flour tortillas 墨西哥薄饼fluid balance 体液平衡fluoride 氟化物fluorosis 氟中毒folacin 叶酸folic acid 叶酸food additive 食品添加剂Food and Argriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮农组织Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of U.S. 美国食品与药物管理局food chain 食物链food colour 食用色素food composition 食物成分food contamination 食品污染food fortifier 食品强化剂food grain other than wheat and rice 杂粮food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food origin disease 食源性疾病food poisoning 食物中毒Food toxicology 食品毒理学Food Safety Council of U.S. 美国食品安全性协会food spoilage 食品腐败变质food stamp 食品券food storage 食品贮存foot-and-mouth disease virus 口蹄疫病毒fortification 加强,强化fresh water crab 河蟹fresh water fish 淡水鱼fried bean curd 油豆腐fruitarian 果食者full blood count 全血计数fumigant 熏蒸剂fungi 真菌fungicide 杀菌剂fusarenon-X 镰刀菌烯酮-XFusarium 镰刀菌属Fusarium equiseti 木贼镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum 禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium lateritium 砖红镰刀菌Fusarlum moniliforme 串株镰刀菌Fusarium nivale 雪腐镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum 尖孢镰刀菌Fusarlum poae 梨孢镰刀菌Fusarlum roseum 粉红镰刀菌Fusarlum scripi 藤草镰刀菌Fusarium semitectum 半裸镰刀菌Fusarinm solani 茄病镰刀菌Fusarium sporotrichioides 拟枝孢镰刀菌Fusarium spp. 镰刀菌Fusarium toxin 镰刀菌毒素Fusarfum tricinctum 三线镰刀菌。
食品广告语的特色与翻译——评《营养与食品卫生英语教程》
食品广告语的特色与翻译——评《营养与食品卫生英语教程》
《营养与食品卫生英语教程》的食品广告语的特色与翻译,主要体现在以下几个方面:
一、食品广告语的特色
1、食品广告语注重实用性,重点介绍食品的营养价值,以及它的功效和好处;
2、食品广告语强调食品的安全性,以及消费者的健康;
3、食品广告语着重提升食品的品牌形象,以及提升消费者对食品的信任度。
二、食品广告语的翻译
1、Eat healthy, stay healthy.(健康饮食,健康生活。
)
2、Taste the goodness of nature.(品尝大自然的美味。
)
3、Good food makes good life.(好食物,美好生活。
)
4、Enjoy the freshness of nature.(享受大自然的新鲜。
)
5、Nourish your body with natural ingredients.(用天然成分滋养你的身体。
)。
英语课程中的营养学与食品科学词汇
英语课程中的营养学与食品科学词汇在学习英语课程时,了解与食品和营养相关的词汇是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些与营养学和食品科学相关的常用词汇,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握这些概念。
第一部分:营养学1. Nutrition(营养学)- the study of nutrients in food and how the body uses them for growth and health.2. Nutrients(营养素)- substances in food that the body needs to function properly, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.3. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)- the body's main source of energy, found in foods like bread, rice, and pasta.4. Proteins(蛋白质)- essential for building and repairing tissues in the body, found in foods like meat, fish, and beans.5. Fats(脂肪)- provide energy and help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, found in foods like butter, oil, and nuts.6. Vitamins(维生素)- organic compounds that are necessary for normal growth, development, and maintenance of health, found in foods like fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.7. Minerals(矿物质)- inorganic substances that the body needs in small amounts for various functions, found in foods like salt, milk, and meat.8. Fiber(纤维素)- a type of carbohydrate that is not digested by the body but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive system, found in foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.第二部分:食品科学1. Food Science(食品科学)- the study of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food and the ways in which food is processed.2. Food Safety(食品安全)- the practice of handling, preparing, and storing food in ways that prevent foodborne illnesses.3. Foodborne Illness(食物中毒)- an illness caused by consuming contaminated food or drink, often resulting in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.4. Food Additives(食品添加剂)- substances added to food to enhance flavor, texture, appearance, or shelf life, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and colorings.5. Food Processing(食品加工)- the transformation of raw ingredients into food products, often involving techniques like cutting, grinding, cooking, and preserving.6. Food Labeling(食品标签)- the information provided on food packaging that includes ingredients, nutritional content, and allergy warnings.7. Organic Food(有机食品)- food that is grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs).8. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)(转基因生物)- organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that is not naturally occurring, often used in agriculture to improve crop yield or resistance to pests.通过学习以上词汇,学生可以更好地了解与营养学和食品科学相关的概念。
中英文--西医营养科术语英文翻译
西医营养科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医营养科术语英文翻译:1. 营养学:Nutrition2. 营养评估:Nutritional Assessment3. 营养调查:Nutritional Survey4. 膳食营养素参考摄入量:Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)5. 蛋白质:Protein6. 碳水化合物:Carbohydrates7. 脂肪:Fat8. 纤维素:Fiber9. 维生素:Vitamins10. 矿物质:Minerals11. 膳食纤维:Dietary Fiber12. 热量摄入量:Caloric Intake13. 膳食平衡:Dietary Balance14. 营养缺乏:Nutritional Deficiency15. 营养过剩:Nutritional Excess16. 特殊饮食需求:Special Dietary Needs17. 糖尿病饮食:Diabetic Diet18. 高血压饮食:Hypertensive Diet19. 低钠饮食:Low Sodium Diet20. 低脂饮食:Low Fat Diet21. 素食饮食:Vegetarian Diet22. 全营养饮食:Complete Nutrition Diet23. 禁食:Fasting24. 口服营养补充剂:Oral Nutritional Supplements25. 管饲营养:Tube Feeding26. 强化食品:Fortified Foods27. 纯化食品:Purified Foods28. 食物过敏:Food Allergies29. 食物不耐受:Food Intolerances30. 肠内营养:Enteral Nutrition31. 肠外营养:Parenteral Nutrition32. 有机食品:Organic Foods33. 无麸质食品:Gluten-free Foods34. 天然食品:Natural Foods35. 低糖食品:Low-sugar Foods36. 高纤维食品:High-fiber Foods37. 低卡食品:Low-calorie Foods38. 儿童营养:Childhood Nutrition39. 孕妇营养:Pregnancy Nutrition40. 老年人营养:Senior Nutrition。
营养与食品卫生词汇
营养与食品卫生学英汉互译词汇Vocabulary of Nutrition and Food Hygiene张卓整理周波审校沈阳医学院预防医学系营养与食品卫生学教研室2005年12月营养与食品卫生学英汉互译词汇Aacceptable daily intake (ADI)每日允许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品acid value 酸价Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂,活化剂activity coefficient,AC 活性系数actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附,吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁Adequate intake,AI 适宜摄入量alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcus甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia早老性痴呆(阿耳茨海默痴呆)Amanita muscaria 毒蝇伞Amanita pantherina 豹斑毒伞Amanita phalloides 毒伞Amanita verna 白毒伞Amanita virosa 鳞柄白毒伞amaranth 苋莱红amatoxins 毒伞八肽类Ames test Ames 试验,艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属,阿米巴原虫,变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus 灰绿曲霉Aspergillus nidulans 构巢曲霉Aspergillus niger 黑曲霉Aspergillus niveus 霉白曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉Aspergillus parasiticus 寄生曲霉Aspergillus restrictus 局限曲霉Aspergillus terreus 土曲霉Aspergillus ustus 焦曲霉Aspergillus versicolor 采色曲霉Aspergillus wentti 温特曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物BBacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌Bacillus cereous 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus erysipelatos-suis 猪丹毒杆菌Bacillus subtilis 枯草杆菌Bacillus tuberculosis bovis 牛型结核杆菌bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫B.alcaligenes metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate,BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism,BM 基础代谢basic energy exenditure,BEE 基础能量消耗base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz(a)anthracene (BA) 苯并(a)蒽benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) 苯并(a)芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六β-carotene β-胡萝卜素beta hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌betanin 甜菜苷BHC;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane六六六bilirubin胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bilobol 白果(二)酚bioconcentration 生物富集,生物浓集biodeterioration 生物危害bioenergetics 生物能量学biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard 生物危害biological concentration生物富集,生物浓集biological expansion 生物性膨胀(罐头) biological half-time 生物半减期biological prevention 生物防治biological value 生物价(生理价值) biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运bis(P-chlorophenyl)acetic acid pp'-滴滴埃1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2--dichloroethane pp′-滴滴滴1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene pp′-滴滴伊1,1'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2trichloroethane pp′—滴滴涕Bitot`s spots(patches) 结膜干燥,比托斑点bitter almond kernel 苦杏仁bittern 盐卤Biuron 敌草隆bleach 漂荡,预煮bleaching agent 漂白剂blindness 盲,视觉缺失blood clam 蚶body mass index,BMI 体重指数botulin(botulismotoxin) 肉毒菌毒素botulism 肉毒中毒Bouin's solution 鲍音液Bovine Sponglform Encephalopathy,BSE疯牛病bran 糠branched chain amino acid 支链氨基酸breakdown 分解breast milk 母乳broad bean 蚕豆bromethane 溴甲烷bromomethane;methyl bromide 溴甲烷brown rice 糙米Brucella 布氏杆菌属Brucelliasis 布氏杆菌病B.subtilis test 桔草杆菌试验B.thermophilie flat sour 嗜热性平酸苗butenolide 丁烯酸内酯butylated hydroxyanisole 丁基羟基茴香醚butylated hydroxytoluene 二丁基羟基甲苯B.welchii(B.perfringens)韦氏杆菌(产气荚膜杆菌)Ccachexia 恶病质cadaverine 尸胺cadmium 镉cadmium carbonate 碳酸镉cadmium chlorate 氯酸镉cadmium hydroxide 氢氧化镉cadmium nitrate 硝酸镉cadmium sulfide 硫化镉caffeine 咖啡碱calciferol 钙化醇calcitonin,CT 降钙素calcium 钙caloric quotient 热能系数calorie 卡(路里)calorifacient 生热的,产热的calorimeter 测热计,热量计calorimetry 测热法Camplobacter fetus subsp.jejuni胎儿弯曲菌空肠亚种Camplobacterjejuni 空肠弯曲菌Candida 假丝酵母,念珠菌属cannabidiol 大麻二酚cannabinol 大麻酚cannabis seed oil poisining 大麻子油中毒canned food 罐头食品capsanthin 辣椒红。
营养食品卫生常用词汇G-K
营养食品卫生常用词汇G-K下面店铺为大家带来营养食品卫生常用词汇,欢迎大家学习! 营养食品卫生常用词汇G-K:Giardia lamblia 贾兰第鞭毛虫Gibberella zeae 玉米赤霉ginkgo biloba L. 银杏,白果ginkgolic acid 白果酸Glass can 玻璃罐头grain embryo 谷胚(芽)garlic 大蒜gastroenteric irritant 胃肠刺激物gellyfish 诲蜇gelsemine 钩吻碱gene mutation 基因突变genetically modified food,GMF 转基因食品galactotransferase 半乳糖转移酶gamma streptococcus 丙型链球菌geo-chemical disease 地球化学性疾病germination 发芽glossitis 舌炎glucagon 胰高血糖素glucogenesis 葡萄糖生成glucogenic amino acid 生糖氨基酸glucose 葡萄糖glucosinolate 芥子甙glutamic acid 谷氨酸glucuronide 葡糖苷酸glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycemic index 血糖生成指数glycolysis 糖酵解Gnathostoma spinigerum 棘聘口线虫glutathione peroxdase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutinous rice 糯米goitrogen 致甲状腺肿因子Good Manufacture Practice (IMP) 良好生产工艺gossypol 棉酚grain, cereal 谷类grain processing 粮食加工grain husk 谷皮grain moth 谷蠹grain peat 大谷盗green food 绿色食品grind 碾磨grind into thick liquid 磨浆guaiac 愈创木脂gustin 味觉素Gymnopilus spectabi1is 桔黄裸伞gypsum 石膏hallucinogen 幻觉原Halobacterium 嗜盐杆菌属Halococcus 嗜盐球菌属Hansenula 汉逊酵母属harelip(cleft lip) 唇裂heat-labile toxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素heat-stable toxin,ST 耐热肠毒素heavy metal 重金属Gyromitra esculenta 鹿花蕈Gyromitrin 鹿花蕈素Hafnia 哈夫尼亚菌属Heliotroplum lascocarpum 毛果洋茉莉helminth蠕虫hemagglutinin 血细胞凝集素heme 血红素hemicellulose 半纤维素hemoglobin 血红蛋白hemolytic toxin 溶血毒素hemosiderin 血铁黄素herbicide 除草剂heroin 海洛因,吗啡营养食品卫生常用词汇G:high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白high density lipoprotein cholesterin,HDL-C 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇histamine 组胺histidine 组氨酸HT-2 toxin HT-2毒素hydrazine 肼,联氨hydrometry 液体比重测定法hydroxyapatite 羟磷灰石hydroxycholecalciferol 羟基胆固醇化钙,25-羟维生素D3hydroxocobalamine 羟钴胺素hydroxyergocalciferol 羟基麦角钙化醇,25-羟维生素D2Hymonolepis diminuta 长膜壳绦虫hydrogenation 氢化作用hydrogen cyanide 氢氰酸hydrolysis 水解作用hydrometer (液体)比重计hyperactivity 功能亢进的hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症hyperlipaemia 高脂蛋白血症hypertension 高血压hypervitaminosis 维生素过多症hypocalcemia 低钙血症Ibotenic acid 鹅膏鼙氨酸Idiopathic hypogeusia 自发性味觉减退Illicium anisatum L. 山大茴,毒茴香,假茴香,次大料Implantation period 着床期incidence of parturition 妊娠率income elasticity 收入弹性index of nutritional quality (INQ) 营养质量指数indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indigo carmine 靛蓝胭脂红indirect calorimetry 间接测热法indole 吲哚(靛基质)inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员insulin 胰岛素Inocybe 丝盖伞属inodized salt 碘盐insecticide 杀虫剂International Commission on Radiological Protection; ICRP 国际放射防护委员会iodine 碘iodin deficiency disorders 碘缺乏病ionization theory 离子化学说iron 铁islanditoxin 岛青霉毒素isoleucine 异亮氨酸isosafrole 异黄樟素lsothiocyanates 异硫氰酸酯Isospora hominis 人等胞子球虫Isoxazole derivative 异噁唑衍生物kilocalorie 千卡Kilojoule 干焦Klebsiella 克雷伯菌属Konwey's dish 康威皿kwashiorkor 恶性营养不良joule 焦耳junior food 幼儿食品Kahagawa phenomenon 神奈川现象kelp 海带kerantin 角蛋白ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketosis 酮病。
营养与食品卫生专业词汇 2
营养与食品卫生专业词汇2 Ccachexia 恶病质cadaverine 尸胺cadmium 镉cadmium carbonate 碳酸镉cadmium chlorate 氯酸镉cadmium hydroxide 氢氧化镉cadmium nitrate 硝酸镉cadmium sulfide 硫化镉caffeine 咖啡碱calciferol 钙化醇calcitonin,CT 降钙素calcium 钙caloric quotient 热能系数calorie 卡(路里)calorifacient 生热的,产热的calorimeter 测热计,热量计calorimetry 测热法Camplobacter fetus subsp.jejuni 胎儿弯曲菌空肠亚种Camplobacterjejuni 空肠弯曲菌Candida 假丝酵母,念珠菌属cannabidiol 大麻二酚cannabinol 大麻酚cannabis seed oil poisining 大麻子油中毒canned food 罐头食品capsanthin 辣椒红caramel 酱色,焦糖carbamate 氨基甲酸酯carbohydrate 碳水化物carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carcinogen 致癌物carcinogenicity test 致癌试验carithamine 红花黄色素carnitine 肉毒碱casein 酪蛋白cassava 木薯catabolism 分解代谢cation exchange resins 阳离子交换树脂cell transformation test 细胞转化试验cellulose 纤维素ceramics 陶瓷ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白cesium 铯chemical expansion 化学性膨胀(罐头) chemical engineering ,chemical industry,chemical technolog 化工chemical pollution 化学污染chemical prevention 化学防治Chlorella 小球藻属chlorinated hydrocarbon,organochlorine 氯化烃,有机氯chlorogenic acid 绿原酸cholesterol 胆固醇cholecal ciferol 维生素D3,胆钙化醇choline esterase 胆碱酯酶chromium 铬chromosome 染色体chromosome abberation 染色体畸变chromosome aberration assay test 染色体畸变分析试齄chronic mercury poisoning 慢性汞中毒chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验chylomicron 乳糜微粒cigarette 香烟Citreoviridin 黄绿青霉素citrinin 桔青霉素Cladosporium 枝孢属clam 蛤Clavus secalinus 麦角Claviceps purpurea Tulasne 麦角菌cleaner 洗涤剂cleaning 净化cleavage of phosphide ester linkage 磷酯键裂解cleft palate 腭裂Clitocybe 杯伞属Clostridium 芽胞杆菌属Clostridium botulinum 内毒杆菌Clostridium butylicum 丁酸杆菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌coagulant 凝固剂coagulase 凝固酶cobalt 钴cobalt chloride 氯化钻coffee 咖啡colchicine 秋水仙碱cold frozen 冷冻cold press 冷榨cold sterilization 冷灭菌cold storage 冷藏coliform group 大肠菌群colitap 大肠菌快速检验纸片coli test 大肠杆菌试验colliod 胶体colloid system 胶体系统colonization factor antigen,CFA 定居因子抗原complementary action 互补作用concentrated milk 浓缩奶concentration factor 浓集系数condensed milk 炼乳congenital mercury poisoning 先天性汞中毒conglycinin 伴大豆球蛋白conjunctival dryness 结膜干燥contaminants in food 食品污染物contaminants of biological origin 生物性污染物contaminants of chemical origin 化学性污染物contaminants of radioactive origin 放射性污染物contamination 污染control organ of food hygiene 食品卫生监督机构control system of food hygiene 食品卫生监督制copper 铜corn cockle seed 麦仙翁籽corn soybean milk (CSM) 玉米大豆乳coronary heart disease 冠心病cowmilk 牛乳Coxsackie virus 柯沙奇病毒crayfish 蝲蛄critical porion 敏感期cumulative coefficient 蓄积系数cumulative toxicity index 蓄积毒性系数cumulative toxicity test 蓄积毒性试验Curcuma longa 姜黄curcumin 姜黄素β-cyanoalanine β-氰丙氨酸cyanogenetic glycoside plant poisoning 含氰甙植物中毒cyanogenetic glycoside 含氰甙cyanomethemoglobin 氰化正铁血红蛋白cycasin 苏铁素cyclamate 环己氨基磺酸盐cyclic N-nitroso compound 环状N-亚硝基化台钧cyclochlorotine 环氯素cysteine 半胱氨酸cystine 胱氨酸cytochrome 细胞色素cytochrome oxidase 细胞色素氧化酶Ddaily dietary allowance 每日膳食供给量Datura stramonium L. 蔓陀萝day blindness 昼盲(症)daylily 黄花莱,金针莱21-day survival index 21天哺育成活率2,4-D;2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D; 2,4-二氯苯氧醋酸DDVP;dichlorvos;dichlorphos 敌敌畏dealkylation 脱烷基化作用deamination 脱氨基作用Debaryomyces 德巴利氏酵母属decimal reduction time (DRT) 90%递减时间diarrhea 腹泻difference between individuals 个体差异delayed neurotoxicity 迟发性神经毒作用delayed neurotoxicity test 迟发神经毒性试验delta-BHC δ-六六六Demeton,systox 内吸磷Density of energy 热能密度Density of nutrient 营养素密度dental plaque 斑牙deoxyadenosylcobalamin 腺苷钴胺酸Deoxynivalenol (DON) 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇descendant 子系体,后代Deuteromycetes (Imperfect fungi) 半知茵纲(不完全菌纲) dhurrin 蜀黍氰甙diabetes mellitus,DM 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒diacetoxyscirpenol 二醋酸熏草镰刀菌烯醇dialycerides 甘油二脂Diazinon 二嗪农dibenz(a,h)anthracene,DBA 二苯并(a,h)蒽dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane;1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(P-chlorophenyl)ethan 滴滴涕(DDT) dientamoeba fragilis 脆双核阿米巴diet 膳食,饮食dietary 食谱,饮食的dietary history 饮食习惯dietary fiber 膳食纤维dietary guidelines 膳食指南dietary recall 膳食回顾dietary reference values,DRVs 膳食参考量difference between species 种间差异digestibility 消化率digestion 消化dihydrochalcone 二氢查耳酮dihydronivalenone 二氢雪腐烯酮dihydrosafrole 二氢黄樟素1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1,25-二羟维生素D37,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene;7,12-DMBA 7,12-二甲基苯并(a)蒽dioxin 二噁英direct calorimetry 直接测热法discrimination factor 差异系数diterpene 双萜dithion 畜虫磷diverticulosis 憩室病DNA repair synthesis test DNA修复合成试验domestic animal 家畜dominant lethal test 显性致死试验dopamine-β-hydroxylase 多巴胺-β-羟化酶dose-effect(dose-response) relationship 剂量效应(反应)关系drogs 废渣dried bean curd 豆腐干Drosophila melanogaster recessive lethal test 果蝇隐性致死试验Drosophila recessive lethal assay 果蝇隐性致死试验duodenum 十二指肠dwarfism 矮小,侏儒症dystrophic hyperkeratosis 营养不良性角化过度。
营养与食品卫生学英汉互译词汇完整
acceptable daily intake (ADI)每日允许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品acid value 酸价Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂,活化剂activity coefficient,AC 活性系数actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附,吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁Adequate intake,AI 适宜摄入量alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcus甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia早老性痴呆(阿耳茨海默痴呆)Amanita muscaria 毒蝇伞Amanita pantherina 豹斑毒伞Amanita phalloides 毒伞Amanita verna 白毒伞Amanita virosa 鳞柄白毒伞amaranth 苋莱红amatoxins 毒伞八肽类Ames test Ames 试验,艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属,阿米巴原虫,变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus 灰绿曲霉Aspergillus nidulans 构巢曲霉Aspergillus niger 黑曲霉Aspergillus niveus 霉白曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉Aspergillus parasiticus 寄生曲霉Aspergillus restrictus 局限曲霉Aspergillus terreus 土曲霉Aspergillus ustus 焦曲霉Aspergillus versicolor 采色曲霉Aspergillus wentti 温特曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物Bacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌Bacillus cereous 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus erysipelatos-suis 猪丹毒杆菌Bacillus subtilis 枯草杆菌Bacillus tuberculosis bovis 牛型结核杆菌bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫B.alcaligenes metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate,BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism,BM 基础代谢basic energy exenditure,BEE 基础能量消耗base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz(a)anthracene (BA) 苯并(a)蒽benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) 苯并(a)芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六β-carotene β-胡萝卜素beta hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌betanin 甜菜苷BHC;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane六六六bilirubin胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bilobol 白果(二)酚bioconcentration 生物富集,生物浓集biodeterioration 生物危害bioenergetics 生物能量学biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard 生物危害biological concentration生物富集,生物浓集biological expansion 生物性膨胀(罐头)biological half-time 生物半减期biological prevention 生物防治biological value 生物价(生理价值)biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运bis(P-chlorophenyl)acetic acid pp'-滴滴埃1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2--dichloroethane pp′-滴滴滴1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene pp′-滴滴伊1,1'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2trichloroethane pp′—滴滴涕Bitot`s spots(patches) 结膜干燥,比托斑点bitter almond kernel 苦杏仁bittern 盐卤Biuron 敌草隆bleach 漂荡,预煮bleaching agent 漂白剂blindness 盲,视觉缺失blood clam 蚶body mass index,BMI 体重指数botulin(botulismotoxin) 肉毒菌毒素botulism 肉毒中毒Bouin's solution 鲍音液Bovine Sponglform Encephalopathy,BSE 疯牛病bran 糠branched chain amino acid 支链氨基酸breakdown 分解breast milk 母乳broad bean 蚕豆bromethane 溴甲烷bromomethane;methyl bromide 溴甲烷brown rice 糙米Brucella 布氏杆菌属Brucelliasis 布氏杆菌病B.subtilis test 桔草杆菌试验B.thermophilie flat sour 嗜热性平酸苗butenolide 丁烯酸内酯butylated hydroxyanisole 丁基羟基茴香醚butylated hydroxytoluene 二丁基羟基甲苯B.welchii(B.perfringens)韦氏杆菌(产气荚膜杆菌)Ccachexia 恶病质cadaverine 尸胺cadmium 镉cadmium carbonate 碳酸镉cadmium chlorate 氯酸镉cadmium hydroxide 氢氧化镉cadmium nitrate 硝酸镉cadmium sulfide 硫化镉caffeine 咖啡碱calciferol 钙化醇calcitonin,CT 降钙素calcium 钙caloric quotient 热能系数calorie 卡(路里)calorifacient 生热的,产热的calorimeter 测热计,热量计calorimetry 测热法Camplobacter fetus subsp.jejuni胎儿弯曲菌空肠亚种Camplobacterjejuni 空肠弯曲菌Candida 假丝酵母,念珠菌属cannabidiol 大麻二酚cannabinol 大麻酚cannabis seed oil poisining 大麻子油中毒canned food 罐头食品capsanthin 辣椒红caramel 酱色,焦糖carbamate 氨基甲酸酯carbohydrate 碳水化物carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carcinogen 致癌物carcinogenicity test 致癌试验carithamine 红花黄色素carnitine 肉毒碱casein 酪蛋白cassava 木薯catabolism 分解代谢cation exchange resins 阳离子交换树脂cell transformation test 细胞转化试验cellulose 纤维素ceramics 陶瓷ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白cesium 铯chemical expansion 化学性膨胀(罐头) chemical engineering ,chemical industry,chemical technolog 化工chemical pollution 化学污染chemical prevention 化学防治Chlorella 小球藻属chlorinated hydrocarbon,organochlorine氯化烃,有机氯chlorogenic acid 绿原酸cholesterol 胆固醇cholecal ciferol 维生素D3,胆钙化醇choline esterase 胆碱酯酶chromium 铬chromosome 染色体chromosome abberation 染色体畸变chromosome aberration assay test染色体畸变分析试齄chronic mercury poisoning 慢性汞中毒chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验chylomicron 乳糜微粒cigarette 香烟Citreoviridin 黄绿青霉素citrinin 桔青霉素Cladosporium 枝孢属clam 蛤Clavus secalinus 麦角Claviceps purpurea Tulasne 麦角菌cleaner 洗涤剂cleaning 净化cleavage of phosphide ester linkage 磷酯键裂解cleft palate 腭裂Clitocybe 杯伞属Clostridium 芽胞杆菌属Clostridium botulinum 内毒杆菌Clostridium butylicum 丁酸杆菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌coagulant 凝固剂coagulase 凝固酶cobalt 钴cobalt chloride 氯化钻coffee 咖啡colchicine 秋水仙碱cold frozen 冷冻cold press 冷榨cold sterilization 冷灭菌cold storage 冷藏coliform group 大肠菌群colitap 大肠菌快速检验纸片coli test 大肠杆菌试验colliod 胶体colloid system 胶体系统colonization factor antigen,CFA定居因子抗原complementary action 互补作用concentrated milk 浓缩奶concentration factor 浓集系数condensed milk 炼乳congenital mercury poisoning先天性汞中毒conglycinin 伴大豆球蛋白conjunctival dryness 结膜干燥contaminants in food 食品污染物contaminants of biological origin生物性污染物contaminants of chemical origin化学性污染物contaminants of radioactive origin放射性污染物contamination 污染control organ of food hygiene食品卫生监督机构control system of food hygiene食品卫生监督制copper 铜corn cockle seed 麦仙翁籽corn soybean milk (CSM) 玉米大豆乳coronary heart disease 冠心病cowmilk 牛乳Coxsackie virus 柯沙奇病毒crayfish 蝲蛄critical control point,CCP 关键控制点critical porion 敏感期cumulative coefficient 蓄积系数cumulative toxicity index 蓄积毒性系数cumulative toxicity test 蓄积毒性试验Curcuma longa 姜黄curcumin 姜黄素β-cyanoalanine β-氰丙氨酸cyanogenetic glycoside plant poisoning含氰甙植物中毒cyanogenetic glycoside 含氰甙cyanomethemoglobin 氰化正铁血红蛋白cycasin 苏铁素cyclamate 环己氨基磺酸盐cyclic N-nitroso compound环状N-亚硝基化台钧cyclochlorotine 环氯素cysteine 半胱氨酸cystine 胱氨酸cytochrome 细胞色素cytochrome P450s,CYP 细胞色素P450酶系cytochrome oxidase 细胞色素氧化酶Ddaily dietary allowance 每日膳食供给量Datura stramonium L. 蔓陀萝day blindness 昼盲(症)daylily 黄花莱,金针莱21-day survival index 21天哺育成活率2,4-D;2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D; 2,4-二氯苯氧醋酸DDVP;dichlorvos;dichlorphos 敌敌畏dealkylation 脱烷基化作用deamination 脱氨基作用Debaryomyces 德巴利氏酵母属decimal reduction time (DRT)90%递减时间diarrhea 腹泻difference between individuals 个体差异delayed neurotoxicity 迟发性神经毒作用delayed neurotoxicity test迟发神经毒性试验delta-BHC δ-六六六Demeton,systox 内吸磷Density of energy 热能密度Density of nutrient 营养素密度dental plaque 斑牙deoxyadenosylcobalamin 腺苷钴胺酸Deoxynivalenol (DON) 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇descendant 子系体,后代Deuteromycetes (Imperfect fungi)半知茵纲(不完全菌纲)dhurrin 蜀黍氰甙diabetes mellitus,DM 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒diacetoxyscirpenol 二醋酸熏草镰刀菌烯醇dialycerides 甘油二脂Diazinon 二嗪农dibenz(a,h)anthracene,DBA 二苯并(a,h)蒽dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane;1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(P-chlorophenyl)ethan 滴滴涕(DDT)dientamoeba fragilis 脆双核阿米巴diet 膳食,饮食dietary 食谱,饮食的dietary history 饮食习惯dietary fiber 膳食纤维dietary guidelines 膳食指南dietary recall 膳食回顾dietary reference intakes,DRIs膳食营养素参考摄入量dietary reference values,DRVs 膳食参考量difference between species 种间差异digestibility 消化率digestion 消化dihydrochalcone 二氢查耳酮dihydronivalenone 二氢雪腐烯酮dihydrosafrole 二氢黄樟素1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1,25-二羟维生素D37,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene;7,12-DMBA 7,12-二甲基苯并(a)蒽dioxin 二噁英direct calorimetry 直接测热法discrimination factor 差异系数diterpene 双萜dithion 畜虫磷diverticulosis 憩室病DNA repair synthesis test DNA修复合成试验domestic animal 家畜dominant lethal test 显性致死试验dopamine-β-hydroxylase 多巴胺-β-羟化酶dose-effect(dose-response) relationship 剂量效应(反应)关系drogs 废渣dried bean curd 豆腐干Drosophila melanogaster recessive lethal test 果蝇隐性致死试验Drosophila recessive lethal assay 果蝇隐性致死试验duodenum 十二指肠dwarfism 矮小,侏儒症dystrophic hyperkeratosis 营养不良性角化过度Eeating out 出外用膳eating patterns 饮食习惯Echinococcus granulosus 细粒棘球绦虫ECHO virus 埃柯病毒ecosystemic equipoise 生态平衡edema 水肿Edible microorganismus 食用微生物elastin 弹性蛋白elderly 老年人elementary school 小学Embadomonas intestinalis 肠内滴虫emulsion 乳胶,乳浊剂,乳剂emulsoid 乳胶体energy 热能energy coefficient 能量系数endemic arsenic poisoning 地方性砷中毒endemic cretinism 地方性克汀病endemic disease 地方病endemic fluorine poisoning 地方性氟中毒endopeptidase 肽链内切酶endosperm 胚乳energy requirment 热能需要量Engel's index 恩格尔指数enrichment 强化(食品)enterogastrone 肠抑胃素enterogenous cyanosis 肠原性青紫enteroinvasive E.Coli 肠侵袭性大肠杆菌enteropathogenic E.Coli 肠致病性大肠杆菌enterotoxigenic E.Coli 肠产毒性大肠杆菌enterotoxin 肠毒素epinephrine 肾上腺素epiphysis 松果体,骨骺epithollium 上皮epoxide 环氧化物12,13-epoxytrichothecenes 12,13-环氧单端孢霉烯族化合物ergocalciferol 麦角骨化醇,维生素D2ergometrine 麦角新碱ergometrinine 麦角异新碱ergot 麦角ergotamine 麦角胺ergotism 麦角中毒ergotoxine 麦角毒Erwinia 欧文菌属erythocytes 红细胞erythroskyrin 红天精Escherichia 埃希菌属Esherichia coli 大肠杆菌essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸esterification 酯化(作用)estimated safe and adequate intake安全适当的建议摄入量estrogen 雌激素ethion 乙硫磷ethnic 人种的,人种学的Eumycetes 真菌纲evaporated milk 脱脂牛奶FFacioletta ilocana 伊族棘口吸虫fallout 沉降灰FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex(CA-C) FAO/WHO 食品卫生法规联合委员会farina 面粉,淀粉Fasciola hepatica 肝片吸虫Fasciolopsis 姜片虫属Fasciols heterophyes 异形吸虫fast-food 快餐fat 脂肪Fat-soluble vitamins 脂溶性维生素fatty acid 脂酸fecundation index 受孕率Federal Radiation Council,FRC 美国联邦辐射委员会feeding test for 90 days 90天喂养试验feeding test for 7 days 7天喂养试验Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act联邦食品药品化妆品法(美国)Fenthion 倍疏磷(百治屠)fermented tea 发酵茶Fermentive corn flour 酵(臭)米面Fermentive corn flour intoxication 酵(臭)米面食物中毒fern 蕨类(羊齿植物)ferritin 铁蛋白ferroxidase 铁氧化酶fertilizer (化学)肥料F-2 estrogenic mycotoxinF-2 雌性发情毒素Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,FAS胎儿酒精症候群fetus 胎儿fiber 纤维fibrin 纤维蛋白fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原finless eel 蟮鱼fish 鱼,鱼类fishery 渔业fishing ground 渔场flatulence factor 胃肠胀气因子Flavobacterium 黄杆菌属Flavobacterum farinofermentans 酵米面黄杆茴flavonoid 黄酮类化合物fluorene 芴fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟fluorosis 氟中毒flour tortillas 墨西哥薄饼fluid balance 体液平衡fluoride 氟化物fluorosis 氟中毒folacin 叶酸folic acid 叶酸food additive 食品添加剂Food and Argriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮农组织Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of U.S. 美国食品与药物管理局food chain 食物链food colour 食用色素food composition 食物成分food contamination 食品污染food fortifier 食品强化剂food grain other than wheat and rice 杂粮food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food origin disease 食源性疾病food poisoning 食物中毒Food toxicology 食品毒理学Food Safety Council of U.S.美国食品安全性协会food spoilage 食品腐败变质food stamp 食品券food storage 食品贮存foot-and-mouth disease virus 口蹄疫病毒fortification 加强,强化fresh water crab 河蟹fresh water fish 淡水鱼fried bean curd 油豆腐fruitarian 果食者full blood count 全血计数fumigant 熏蒸剂fungi 真菌fungicide 杀菌剂fusarenon-X 镰刀菌烯酮-XFusarium 镰刀菌属Fusarium equiseti 木贼镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum 禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium lateritium 砖红镰刀菌Fusarlum moniliforme 串株镰刀菌Fusarium nivale 雪腐镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum 尖孢镰刀菌Fusarlum poae 梨孢镰刀菌Fusarlum roseum 粉红镰刀菌Fusarlum scripi 藤草镰刀菌Fusarium semitectum 半裸镰刀菌Fusarinm solani 茄病镰刀菌Fusarium sporotrichioides 拟枝孢镰刀菌Fusarium spp. 镰刀菌Fusarium toxin 镰刀菌毒素Fusarfum tricinctum 三线镰刀菌Ggalactotransferase 半乳糖转移酶gamma-BHC γ-六六六gamma streptococcus 丙型链球菌grain embryo 谷胚(芽)garlic 大蒜gastroenteric irritant 胃肠刺激物gellyfish 诲蜇gelsemine 钩吻碱gene mutation 基因突变genetically modified food,GMF 转基因食品geo-chemical disease 地球化学性疾病germination 发芽Giardia lamblia 贾兰第鞭毛虫Gibberella zeae 玉米赤霉ginkgo biloba L. 银杏,白果ginkgolic acid 白果酸Glass can 玻璃罐头glossitis 舌炎glucagon 胰高血糖素glucogenesis 葡萄糖生成glucogenic amino acid 生糖氨基酸glucose 葡萄糖glucosinolate 芥子甙glutamic acid 谷氨酸glucuronide 葡糖苷酸glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycemic index 血糖生成指数glycolysis 糖酵解Gnathostoma spinigerum 棘聘口线虫glutathione peroxdase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutinous rice 糯米goitrogen 致甲状腺肿因子Good Manufacture Practice (IMP)良好生产工艺gossypol 棉酚grain, cereal 谷类grain husk 谷皮grain moth 谷蠹grain peat 大谷盗grain processing 粮食加工green food 绿色食品grind 碾磨grind into thick liquid 磨浆guaiac 愈创木脂gustin 味觉素Gymnopilus spectabi1is 桔黄裸伞gypsum 石膏Gyromitra esculenta 鹿花蕈Gyromitrin 鹿花蕈素HHafnia 哈夫尼亚菌属hallucinogen 幻觉原Halobacterium 嗜盐杆菌属Halococcus 嗜盐球菌属Hansenula 汉逊酵母属harelip(cleft lip) 唇裂heat-labile toxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素heat-stable toxin,ST 耐热肠毒素heavy metal 重金属Heliotroplum lascocarpum 毛果洋茉莉helminth蠕虫hemagglutinin 血细胞凝集素heme 血红素hemicellulose 半纤维素hemoglobin 血红蛋白hemolytic toxin 溶血毒素hemosiderin 血铁黄素herbicide 除草剂heroin 海洛因,吗啡high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白high density lipoprotein cholesterin,HDL-C 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇histamine 组胺histidine 组氨酸HT-2 toxin HT-2毒素hydrazine 肼,联氨hydrogenation 氢化作用hydrogen cyanide 氢氰酸hydrolysis 水解作用hydrometer (液体)比重计hydrometry 液体比重测定法hydroxyapatite 羟磷灰石hydroxycholecalciferol羟基胆固醇化钙,25-羟维生素D3hydroxocobalamine 羟钴胺素hydroxyergocalciferol羟基麦角钙化醇,25-羟维生素D2Hymonolepis diminuta 长膜壳绦虫hyperactivity 功能亢进的hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症hyperlipaemia 高脂蛋白血症hypertension 高血压hypervitaminosis 维生素过多症hypocalcemia 低钙血症IIbotenic acid 鹅膏鼙氨酸Idiopathic hypogeusia 自发性味觉减退Illicium anisatum L. 山大茴,毒茴香,假茴香,次大料Implantation period 着床期incidence of parturition 妊娠率income elasticity 收入弹性index of nutritional quality (INQ) 营养质量指数indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indigo carmine 靛蓝胭脂红indirect calorimetry 间接测热法indole 吲哚(靛基质)Inocybe 丝盖伞属inodized salt 碘盐insecticide 杀虫剂inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员insulin 胰岛素International Commission on Radiological Protection; ICRP 国际放射防护委员会iodine 碘iodin deficiency disorders 碘缺乏病ionization theory 离子化学说iron 铁islanditoxin 岛青霉毒素isoleucine 异亮氨酸isosafrole 异黄樟素lsothiocyanates 异硫氰酸酯Isospora hominis 人等胞子球虫Isoxazole derivative 异噁唑衍生物Jjoule 焦耳junior food幼儿食品KKahagawa phenomenon 神奈川现象kelp 海带kerantin 角蛋白ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketosis 酮病kilocalorie 千卡Kilojoule 干焦Klebsiella 克雷伯菌属Konwey's dish 康威皿kwashiorkor 恶性营养不良Labeling of INQ INQ标志(营养质量指数标志)lac insect 紫胶虫lactation 泌乳,哺乳Lactarius 乳菇属Lactobacilius 乳杆菌属L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester天门冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯lathyrism 山黧豆中毒lead 铅lead linear 铅线lead load 铅负荷leaf protein 叶蛋白lean body mass 瘦体质lean meat 瘦肉lecithin 卵磷脂leucine 亮氨酸L-α,γ-diamlnobutyric acidL-α,γ-二氨基丁酸life-span toxicity test 终生毒性试验lignin 木质素limiting amino acid 限制氨基酸linamarin 亚麻苦甙,棉豆甙lindane 林丹linolenic acid 亚麻酸linolie acid 亚油酸linuron,N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)N-methoxy-N-methylurea 利谷隆lipase 脂肪酶lipid 脂类lipoids 类脂质lipoprotein 脂蛋白lithium 锂live birth index 出生成活率liverfluke 肝吸虫Lolium temulentum L. 毒麦long term toxicity test 长期毒性试验low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇lungfluke 肺吸虫Lycopene 番茄红素lysine 赖氨酸lysyloxidase 赖氨酰氧化酶Mmacrocytic anemia,macrocyte 巨红细胞macroelement 宏量元素Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病magnesium 镁maize 玉米malathion,Karbofos 马拉硫磷malnutrition 营养不良mammitis,mastitis 乳房炎management of food hygiene 食品卫生管理management of food poisoning食物中毒管理manganese 锰manibot utilissima 木薯marasmus 消瘦,消耗marine fish 海鱼maximum no-effect level (MNL)最大无作用量maximum probable number of coliform group 大肠菌群最近似数maximum no-effect dose 最大无作用剂量maximum residue limit 最高容许残留量maximum residue limit 最大残留限量meat factor 肉类因子medium lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量megajoule 兆焦megaloblastic anemia,megalobast巨幼红细胞melanin 黑色素mercury 汞metabolic antagonist 代谢拮抗物metabolic half-life (Ti) 代谢半衰期metabolism 代谢metabolism test of xenobiotics外来化合物代谢试验Metagonimus Yokogawai 横川后殖吸虫Metallic toxicant 金属毒物metallothionein,MT 金属硫蛋白methemoglobinemia 高铁血红蛋白血症methemoglobin reductase高铁血红蛋白还原酶methionine 蛋氨酸methyl 2-benzimidazole-carbamate (MBC) 多菌灵methylene blue 亚甲蓝,美蓝3-methyleholanthrene(3-MCA)3-甲基胆蒽4-methylimidazole 4-甲基咪唑Micrococcus 微球菌属Micrococcus roseum 玫瑰微球菌microelement 微量元素micronucleus test 微核试验microsome mediated assay 微粒体间介试验millet 小米milk curd 凝乳milker 挤奶器milk sugar,lactose 乳糖mineral 无机盐minimal effect level 最小有作用剂量minimium observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) 最小可见损害作用水平miscible calcium pool混溶钙池mite 螨类mitochondrion 线粒体mixed polysaccharide 杂多糖moisture absorption 吸湿性molasses 糖蜜mollusc 软体动物molybdenum 铝monascorubin 红粬红素Monascus purpureus 紫红粬霉moniliformin 串珠镰刀菌素Monoamine oxidase 单胺氧化酶monoglyceride 单酸甘油脂monosacchavide 单糖monosodium glutamate 谷氨酸钠,味精monomethylhydrazine 甲基联氨monounsaturated 单不饱和的monuron,N′-(P-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea 灭草隆moral rule 道德规范mottling of teeth 斑牙症mouse 鼠类mouse unit,MU 小鼠单位Mucor 毛霉属mung bean 绿豆muscarine 毒蝇碱muscimol 毒蝇母mutagenicity test 致突变试验myoglobin 肌红蛋白myosin 肌球蛋白myristic acid 豆蔻酸NNADH-dehydrogenase 还原型辅酶I脱氢酶β-N-(γ-L-glutamyl)-aminopropionitrileβ-N- (γ-L-谷氨酰基)氨基丙腈naringin dihydrochalcone 柚苷二氢查耳酮natural radioactive background 天然放射性本底natural radionuclide 天然放射性核索negative nitrogen balance 负氮平衡neohesperidin dihydrochalcone新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮neo-solaniol 新茄病镰刀菌烯醇net protein utilization 蛋白质净利用率neurotoxicant 神经毒neurotoxic esterase 神经毒素酶neutral fat 中性脂肪new resources of food 食物新资源niacin 烟酸,尼克酸,维生素PPnicotinic acid 尼克酸nickel 镍night blindness 夜昼(症)nisin 乳酸链球苗肽nitrile 腈nitrite 亚硝酸盐nitrite poisoning 亚硝酸盐中毒nitrogen soluble index (NSI) 氮溶解指数nitrophen,2,4-dichloro-1-(4′-nitrophenoxy)benzene 除草醚nivalenol 雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,瓜萎镰菌醇nivalenol diacetate 二醋酸雪腐镰刀菌烯醇N-nitramine N-硝胺N-nitrosamide N-亚硝酰胺N-nitrosamidine N-亚硝基脒N-nitrosamine N-亚硝胺N-nitroso carbaryl N—亚硝西维因N-nitroso-compound N-亚硝基化合物N-nitrosodiethanolamine 二乙醇-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosodiethylamine 二乙基-N-亚硝胺N-nltrosodimethylamine 二甲基-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosomorpholine N-亚硝基吗啉N-nitrosopiperazidine(N-nitrosopiperazine) N-亚硝基哌嗪N-nitrosopiperidine N-亚磺基哌啶N-niterosopyrrolidine N-亚硝基吡咯烷N-nitroso sugar amino acidsN-亚硝基糖氨基酸N-nitrosourea N-亚硝基脲non-essential amino acid 非必需氨基酸non-fermented tea 未发酵茶no-observed-adverse-effect level(NOAEL) 无明显损害作用水平no-observed-effect level(NOEL)无明显作用水平norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素nordihydroguaiaretic acid去甲二氢愈创木酸γ-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminobutyric acidγ-N-草酰-L-α,β-二氨基丁酸β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acidβ-N-草酰-L-α,β-二氨基丙酸nucleotide 核苷酸nutrient 营养素nutritional ecology 营养生态学nutritional hygiene 营养卫生学nutritional iron deficiency anemia,IDA 营养缺铁性贫血nutritional marasmus 营养消瘦症nutritional requirement 营养素生理需要量nutritional surveillance 营养监测Oobesity 肥胖,肥胖症ochratoxin 赭曲霉毒素oils 油类oilseed cake 油籽饼oil-seed meal 油籽饼粉one-carbon unit 一碳单位onion 洋葱,葱头Opisthorchis felineus 猫后皋吸虫Opisthorchis(clonorchis) sinensis华支睾吸虫opium 鸦片opsin 视蛋白Oranoleptic indicator 感官指标organelle 细胞器organoarsenic 有机砷organomercury 有机汞organophosphorus 有机磷osmotic pressure 渗透压ossification 骨化(作用)osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteomalacia 骨软化(症) osteoporosis 骨质疏松症o-sulfobenzoic acid 邻磺基苯甲酸overweight 超重oxalate 草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxidation 氧化oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白oyster 牡蛎Ppalmitic acid 软脂酸Panaeolus 花褶伞属pantothenic acid,pantothen 泛酸Paragonismus westermani 卫氏并殖吸虫Paramecium caudatum 尾草履虫Parathion,Thiophos,1605 对硫磷parathyroid hormone,parathyrin 甲状旁腺素pasterpowderlayer(a1eurone layer) 糊粉层pasteurization 巴氏消毒法patulin 展青霉素pectin transeliminase 果胶反排除酶pellagra 糙皮症,玉米红斑病Penicillium 青霉菌属Penicillium citreo-viride 黄绿青霉Penicillium citrinum 桔青霉Penicillium claviforme 棒形青霉Penicillium cyclopium 圆孤青霉Penicillium decumbens 斜卧青霉Penicilllum expansum 扩展青霉Penicillium fellutanum 瘿青霉Penicillium implicatum 纠缠青霉Penicillium islandicum 岛青霉Penicillium lividum 铅色青霉Penicillium ochrosalmoneum棕鲜色肯霉,棕蛙色青霉Penicillium patulum 展青霉Penicillium pullviLlorum 垫状青霉Penicillium rubrum 红色青霉Penicillium viridicatum 纯绿色肯霉peptide 肽,肽段peracetic acid 过氧乙酸peristalsis 蠕动pesticide 农药pest to store (store pests) 仓库虫害peripheral nutrition,PPN 外周静脉营养phallotoxins 毒伞七肽类Phaseolus vulgaris L .四季豆,莱豆角,芸豆角phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸phenylketonuria,PKU 苯丙酮尿症phospholipid 磷脂phorate,E13911 甲拌磷,(3911) phosphatide 磷脂phospholipid 磷脂phosphorus 磷phosvitin 卵黄高磷蛋白Photobacterium phosphorescens磷光发光菌Phycomycetes 藻菌纲physical expansion 物理性膨胀(罐头) physiological hyaluronidase inhibitor生理透明质酸抑制剂physiological nutrition requirment营养生理需要量phytate 植酸盐phytic acid 植酸phytohemagglutinin (PHA) 植物凝血素Pichia 毕赤酵母属pigeon chest 鸡胸Plankton 浮游生物plant 植物plant growth regulator 植物生长调节素plant sterol 植物固醇plastic can 塑料罐头platelet stickness 血小板粘结poliomyelitis virus 小儿麻痹症病毒polonium 钋polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)多环芳烃类polyoxyethylene ether 聚氧乙烯醚polysaccharide polymerase 多糖聚合酶polyunsaturated fatty acid 多不饱和脂肪酸ponceau 4R 胭脂红,丽春红4Rpoppy 罂粟porphyria 紫质症porphyrin 卟啉positive nitrogen balance 正氮平衡potassium 钾practical residue limit 实际残留限量prandial 膳食的precursor 前体物preservative 防腐剂press 压榨Propionibacterium 丙酸杆菌属propylgallate 没食子酸丙酯prostaglandin 前列腺素protease 蛋白酶protective effect 防护作用protein 蛋白质protein concentrate 浓缩蛋白protein efficiency ratio 蛋白质功效比值protein-energy malnutrition,PEM蛋白质热能缺乏性营养不良protein isolate 分离蛋白protein sparing action 蛋白质节约作用Proteus变形杆菌属proteus food poisoning 变形杆菌食物中毒Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus morganli 莫根变形杆菌Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌protoplasmic toxin 原浆毒素Proteus rettgeri雷特洛变形杆菌,雷极氏变形杆菌prunasin 洋李甙Pseudoanisatin 伪毒八角亭Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas syncyanca 产蓝假单胞菌Pseudomonas synxantha 产黄假单胞菌psilocin 脱磷酸光盖伞素Psilocybe 光盖伞属psilocybin 光盖伞素puckery 味涩putrescine 腐胺pyridoxine 吡哆醇,维生素B6 pyrimidine 嘧啶pyrrolidine alkaloids 吡咯烷生物碱类。
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营养与食品卫生英语翻译技巧阅读理解原文是翻译的前提。
英汉两种语言有其各自的特点,掌握一些基本的翻译理论和翻译方法、技巧,对提高翻译能力大有帮助。
1.“忠实、通顺”的翻译原则翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容准确、完整地重新表达出来的活动,也是艰苦的、艺术的再创造。
翻译有一定的标准,这是衡量译文好坏的尺度。
清末时期严复曾提出“信(faithfulness)、达(expressiveness)、雅(elegance)”的翻译标准,这只是一种旧形式,不可能完全适应新内容。
近几年我国翻译界主张把翻译标准概括为“忠实、通顺”四个字。
所谓“忠实”,一方面要忠实于原作的内容,要把原作的内容准确、完整地表达出来,不得随意篡改、增删;另一方面,还要保持原作的风格,即原作的民族风格,时代风格,语言风格等。
原作若是通俗的口语体,不能译成文绉绉的书面语体;原作是古代风格的,不能译成现代风格的;原作是属于西方色彩的,不能译成属于东方色彩的。
总之,翻译必须“保存着原作的风姿”。
所谓“通顺”,是指译文语言必须通顺易懂,符合规范。
结构要整齐,逻辑要清晰,不能出现逐词死译、硬译或乱译的现象。
南京大学已故德语教授张威廉“风筝喻”翻译理论:将风筝喻为译文,手喻为原文,系风筝的线喻原文的思想内容。
风筝离手愈远愈妙,但不能脱离线。
这是处理“忠实”和“通顺”关系的最为形象的比喻。
翻译时,一定要避免“宁信而勿顺”,当然也要避免“宁错而务顺”,因为“忠实”与“通顺”是相辅相成的。
本文总结的营养(食品卫生)英语的翻译技巧,目的就是要帮助同学们认识、熟悉、实践它们,从而在需要翻译自己专业的英语材料时灵活使用它们,符合“忠实”和“通顺”的标准,保证译文的质量。
2. 使用翻译技巧的前提使用技巧的目的是为了实现“忠诚”和“通顺”的标准,其前提是对原文的渗透的理解,缺失了这个前提就不可能“忠诚”,即使“通顺”了也无济于事,原文如同音乐的谱子,脱离了叫“离谱”或叫“不靠谱”。
翻译的质量离不开译者的英语造诣和辛勤的劳动。
举一例说面:下面这一句讲的是为了哄婴儿睡觉很多人喜欢在奶瓶里加上牛奶或甜饮料,让孩子躺在床上吮吸着奶瓶,慢慢入睡,其结果会造成龋齿:As the child sleeps, the liquid pools around the teeth. The result is severe caries on the incisors and cheek surfaces of molars.严重的龋齿在何处呢?on the incisors是指在切牙或门牙上;cheek surfaces of molars说的什么呢?molars指臼齿或后牙,cheek surface是脸颊吗?这就需要译者学习使用英语表述的牙齿及牙面的知识,Caries on a tooth’s surface that are nearest the cheeks or lips are called ―facial caries‖.即靠近面颊和嘴唇的牙面的龋齿叫作牙面龋齿,因此cheek surfaces of molars是指靠近脸颊的臼齿牙面。
切不可根据字面cheek surface就理解为“面颊”,然后再设法“通顺”,那就一定会犯不“忠诚”的错误。
3. 常用英汉翻译方法和技巧英译汉有十多种常用的方法和技巧,包括词义的选择、词类转译法,增词法,省略法、重复法,正译反译法、分句合句法,被动语态的译法,从句的译法,长句的译法等。
另外还有习语的译法,拟声词的译法,外来语的吸收法等等不是翻译技巧的重点,为节省篇幅,这里不做赘述。
3.1词义的选择英汉两种语言都存在着一词多类、一词多义的现象。
一词多类(或者说是兼类词)就是一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义。
一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中,又往往有几个不同的词义。
在英汉翻译过程中,要善于选择和确定原句中的关键词的词义。
(1)首先要判明某个词在原句中应属哪一词类,然后再进一步确定其词义。
例如:We eat all the fruit we can, and what we can’t we can.这句话若理解为“我们能吃多少水果就吃多少,吃不了的也能吃”。
显然令人费解。
认真判断一下这句话最后的“can”是动词“装罐”,应该理解为:“我们尽量多吃水果,吃不了就做罐头”。
switch from saturated oil such as coconut, to unsaturated cooking oils and soft spreads made with olive, canola… 这句说的是将饱和油(如椰子油)换成用橄榄……制成的不饱和烹调油和soft spreads 。
这个soft spread是什么东东呢?根据后面的with短语得知,它是由橄榄油或菜籽油制成的,spread作动词有“涂抹”之意,作名词就是“涂抹之物”,所谓soft spreads就是“涂抹油”的意思。
(2) 由于同一个词在不同的场合往往有不同的含义,就必须根据上下文联系及词的搭配关系来判断某个词的确切词义。
例如:Keep raw meat, poultry, fish, and their juices away from other food. 将生肉、禽肉、鱼肉及其体液与其它食品分开摆放。
(poultry有“家禽”和“家禽肉”两个意思,根据上下文应该译成“禽肉”)After cutting raw meats, wash hands, cutting board, knife, and counter tops with hot, soapy water. 切完生肉后要用热肥皂水洗手,清洗案板、刀具和操作台面。
(counter top有可能是“柜台面”,但这里应该译成“操作台面”)Use a meat thermometer when you cook meat and poultry.烹饪猪肉和禽肉时使用肉类温度计。
(所谓meat thermometer就是煮肉时测量肉内温度的测温计,如按字面译成“肉温度计”会令人费解的)Allow meal leftovers to cool to room temperature before storing them in the fridge, ideally within two hours of preparation. 剩饭剩菜应冷却至室温后放入冰箱,最好是在饭菜上桌后两小时内放入冰箱。
(preparation 这里是指“做饭”。
做好的饭菜暴露在常温下不要超过两个小时,否则细菌就会繁殖,译成“饭菜上桌后”是合适的)Take special care that pork, sausages, burgers and poultry are cooked through and aren't pink in the middle. 特别小心猪肉、香肠、肉丸或肉饼和禽肉,要确保煮熟或烤透,里边如果还是粉红色说明还是生的。
(本句中的burger不是汉堡包,当然也可能是指夹入汉堡包的肉饼。
本句中的burger的英语解释为:meat or other food pressed into a round, flat shape and fried“油炸肉丸或肉饼”)For some drug treatment will be necessary, in addition to these diet and lifestyle changes.句中的some指那些血糖升高的病人,如果把will理解为一般将来时的助动词是无法讲通的,怎么是“将是必要的呢?”,这个will是一个情态动词,表示不可避免性,全句的译文应该是:除了这些膳食和生活方式改变外,对于有的病人来说,药物治疗通常是必须的。
3.2 词类转译法(Transmition)在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就必须作必要的词类转换,方能使汉语译文通顺自然。
Fats are also responsible for healthy skin and hair.脂肪还滋养着人的皮肤和头发。
(形容词谓语转换成汉语动词)There were no studies of its reproducibility or the consistency of G.I. factors from one country to another. 没有研究出方法能够把血糖指数从一个国家复制到另一个国家或者在不同的国家能够保持其一致性。
(名词reproducibility和consistency译成了动词或动词短语)Human bodily stores for different vitamins vary widely. 人体非常广泛地储存不同的维生素。
(名词stores 变成了动词“储存”;形容词bodily变成了主语名词“(人)体”)Organ meats such as liver and kidney, are high in cholesterol, so the advice is to limit consumption of these also. 内脏(如肝脏和肾脏)的胆固醇含量很高,因此建议应限制食用这类食品。
(名词advice换成动词翻译)Carbohydrate digestion is continued in the small intestine. 碳水化合物到了小肠里继续消化。
(名词digestion转换成动词)Jenkins' approach attracted a great deal of attention because it was so logical and systematic. 詹金斯的方法获得了极大的关注,因为这种方法具备逻辑性和系统性。
(形容词logical和systematic变成名词“逻辑性和系统性”)Glucose is found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and honey. 自然葡萄糖存在于水果,蔬菜和蜂蜜之中。
(副词转译成形容词)A band of stairs running up the side of the Pyramid, with a little stick figure chugging up it, serves as a reminder of the importance of physical activity. 金字塔边上有一段向上的台阶,一个简笔画小人在蹬蹬拾级而上,其作用是提醒人们牢记体力活动的重要性。