语法(五)doc
中考语法专题五：介词(含答案)
专题五介词学前自测（发现考点）( )1. I lost my way ___ a rainy night and my parents were quite worried ____ me.A. in; aboutB. on; aboutC. at; withD. on; with ( )2. When our parents are not at home, we need to ____ourselves.A. look afterB. look atC. look upD. look around ( )3. —When did your aunt arrive China? —She got to Guangzhou the morning of May 15th.A. at; inB. in; inC. to; onD. in; on( )4. It's very nice ____ you to pick me up at the bus station.A. forB. toC. ofD. with( )5. —What does your English teacher look like? —She is a pretty lady ____ long straight hair.A. onB. withC. ofD. for( )6. —When is your summer vacation?—It begins ____ July 15th and I don't have to go to school until August 31th.A. onB. inC. atD. by( )7. I paid about 100 dollars ____ the new clothes.A. forB. onC. toD. of( )8. The earthquake happened in Yunnan Province ____ a cold morning of December.A. inB. atC. toD. on( )9. —What happened to Mark? —He fell off the bike ____ a snowy morning.A.inB. atC. onD. when( )10. —Mum, where are my socks? —Under your bed. You should ____ your things.A. put onB. put downC. put awayD. put off常考考点知识清单（研习考点）考点一常用介词的主要用法1. in 的主要用法(1) 表示在某年、某月、某季节,在上午、下午、晚上等。
谭老师暑假讲语法（五）
谭老师暑假讲语法(五)（11）现在完成时1. 现在完成时的定义现在完成时通常是指过去某一动作对现在的影响或过去某一动作持续到现在（可能要继续下去）2. 现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成的4. 现在完成时的基本用法a. 现在完成时可表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响，后面通常不用时间状语，但句中常出现already, just, yet等副词。
如：Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
I’ve just finished reading the novel.我刚刚读完这本小说。
Have you seen the doctor yet?你看过医生了吗？注：already和yet用法上的区别already常用于肯定句，置于句中。
yet常用于否定句和疑问句，常用于句末。
但already有时也可用语疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。
如：b. 现在完成时也可表示从过去某时开始的动作，状态一直持续到现在，常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。
如：I have learned English for 5 years.He lived in Beijing since he was born.注：(1) for和since引导的时间状语的区别: for + 一段时间, since + 一点时间从句（从句中常用一般过去时）(2)表示继续的现在完成时也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last) few years……, this week (month, year……), all day, all this week等时间状语连用。
如：Tom has had a toothache all day.I haven't heard from him recently.(3)现在完成时也可表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情，常和often, ever, never, before, once, …times等时间状语连用。
英语五大基本句型结构语法
英语五大基本句型结构语法
英语五大基本句型结构语法有：
一、句型1——主语+谓语；
二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语；
三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；
四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；
五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语
扩展资料
一、句型1——主语+谓语
我们知道，一个句子是为了说明一件事（或表达一种感情），最简单的表达方式，就是“谁，怎么样了”。
这里的“谁”，就是句子的主语，它的内涵很丰富，可以是人、物、某种行为等。
“怎么样了”，就是句子的.谓语，由动词充当。
主语+谓语，即构成一个最简单的句子。
二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语
句型2在句型1的基础上多了一个宾语，宾语是什么呢？还是从句子表达事情的角度看，可以理解为“谁，对谁怎么样了”。
宾语，就是主语借助一个动作（谓语）作用的一个对象。
三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这个句型里，我们发现谓语后面跟了两个宾语，直接宾语，就是谓语动词直接作用的对象，而间接宾语，是指谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象，再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。
四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
相对于句型2，这种句型中又多了一个宾语补足语，“补足”意思就是补充说明，所以宾语补足语的作用，就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。
五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语
还记得系动词吗？我们在动词那一节也讲过哦，这里就不复习了。
这个句型，就是在讲如何使用系动词。
表语，就是跟在系动词后面的
成分的一个统称，不用过分在意它是什么意思。
感官类系动词，其后一般接形容词；be动词后一般接名词（或不定式等）。
语法检测(五)
高考英语语法练习（五）编制：张长天校对：张长天1. — Andy, how do you find your present occupation?—Just so-so. I’ve decided to resign my job this July, by when I ______ for five years.A. have workedB. will be workingC. workedD. will have worked2. This wife ______ a big dinner when the husband was aware of their eighth wedding anniversary that day.A. was still preparingB. had hardly preparedC. did carefullyD. would eagerly prepare3. Despite his death, Castro’s courage and wisdom are always believed ______ a new generation of political leadersin Latin America.A. to inspireB. inspiringC. to have inspiredD. having inspired4. ______ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.A. Being attachedB. AttachedC. AttachingD. Having attached5. We have reports on English ______ twice a year in Gaokao, which has aroused growing concern among us.A. having testedB. testedC. being testedD. testing6. —Yesterday, I read White Night by Higashino Keigo. Such a good book!—______. No one can match Higashino Keigo in artistic talent.A. You said itB. You don’t sayC. You can’t be seriousD. You set me up7. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were8. James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ______ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had comeD. came9. Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which10. So sudden ______ that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was11. Our school holds seminars for students at regular intervals ______ the potential of their future is explored.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. who12. After months of a frustrating voyage on the rough sea, they eventually came to ______ they called their “dreamland”.A. whereB. whatC. howD. which13. It is beyond my understanding that many adults ______ be so crazy about Harry Potter series.A. shallB. canC. mustD. should14. Don’t worry. When he kept silence, Mr White ______ his approval for our plan.A. would showB. is showingC. was showingD. has shown15. — I would be greatly thankful to Jason Coates who rescued my life after I fell through the ice.— That’s it. You ______ your wife but that Jason pulled you from the canal.A. will never meetB. would never meetC. would never have metD. will never have met16. — What do you think of Steven Hawking?— Well, despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, ______ worthy of admiration.A. oneB. whoC. thatD. this17. About 10 bike-sharing companies have gone broke since last September, ______ failing to return deposits tousers and their deserted bicycles crowding sidewalks.A. some of whichB. some of themC. of which someD. which of them18. —It’s so cold here! Why haven’t you turned on your air-conditioner? —Well, it ______ turn on.A. shouldn’tB. can’tC. won’tD. shan’t19. Young people should be led ______ that anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way withdetermination and perseverance.A. believingB. to believeC. to believingD. having believed20. His strong sense of humor was ______ make everyone in the room burst out laughing.A. so as toB. such as toC. so thatD. such that21. “Not far away,” the man says, “______ you that you will find a little supermarket around where you can washyour hands.”A. I promiseB. do I promiseC.I have promiseD. have I promised22. ______ to the research work in the lab is a distinguished expert from China who has won great achievements inthis field.A. CommittingB. CommittedC. CommitD. To commit23. ______ to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely harmful from all aspects.A. ExposedB. Being exposedC. ExposingD. To expose24. — What do you know made Susan so upset? —______ giving away state secrets.A. Charged withB. Being charged withC. Accusing ofD. To be accused of25. I did better, but I still wasn’t as focused as I ______.A. should doB. should have beenC. should beD. should have done26. The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat, ______ could help them warm through thewinter.A. oneB. thatC. itD. one that27. We believe there is no independent scientific evidence that any internet dating site is beneficial to matchingpeople together, ______?A. is thereB. do weC. don’t weD. isn’t there28. It is shown that men have ______ as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics .A. twice as many serious accidentsB. serious accidents as twice manyC. twice serious accidents as manyD. serious accidents as many twice29. Our city government is building more roads to ______ the increasing number of cars.A. adjustB. acceptC. accelerateD. accommodate30. ______ his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, Williams is now under investigation.A．Abused B．To abuse C．Having abused D．To have abused 31. —Taylor, would your younger brother mind meeting us at the airport? —______. He is willing to help us.A．Of course B．Not likely C．No wonder D．Help yourself32. This week some top scientists, including some Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision of ______ the worldwould look in 2056, from gas-powered cars to health advance.A. howB. whichC. whereD. what33. As I opened my eyes, in ______ direction I looked, I could see smiling, peaceful, calm and content faces.A. whateverB. howeverC. whicheverD. wherever34. There is ______ a problem left. Please work it out before the deadline.A. no more thanB. not more thanC. no less thanD. not less than35. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ______ you don’t mind ta king the night train.A. providedB. unlessC. thoughD. until36. The quality of our products is on a steady rise ______ equipment improved.A. forB. withC. due toD. owing to37. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem ______ it’s really anengineering one.A. untilB. becauseC. whenD. where38. People from across the world gathered in London to hear Big Ben’s last regular chime and some of them evencried, as if they ______ a friend’s fun eral.A. attendedB. have attendedC. were attendingD. would attend39. —The authority concerned must have taken stricter measures to ensure traffic safety next year, ______ it?—Yes, definitely.A. didn’tB. mustn’tC. hasn’tD. won’t40. Music should be taught routinely in schools because of the benefits ______ can have to the development of thebrains of young children. .A. itB. thatC. whichD. one41. ______ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A. It was us being lateB. It was we were lateC. It was because we were lateD. It was our being late42. —Has your father returned from Africa yet?—Yes, but he ______ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.A. has beenB. will beC. would beD. was43. —What made you fall in love with me?—Well, ______ other things, it was the way you treated me with respect.A. beyondB. beneathC. withinD. among44. He’s a very good actor, ______ a lot of comedians are not, and he’s a good director and a good writer as well.A. whoB. whereC. whomD. which45. Many young people, most ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those46. The boy was overjoyed as if ______ of the good news that he had been admitted to his ideal university.A. being informedB. informingC. informedD. to inform47. There is no doubt, from my point of view, ______ matters is not what happens to you, but what you rememberand how you remember it.A. what thatB. that thatC. what ifD. that what48. That is so difficult a problem ______ nobody can work out.A. asB. thatC. whichD. where49. Each part is to the machine ______ each organ is to the body.A. howB. whatC. whichD. whom50. Is there a shop around ______ we can buy some toilet articles?A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what51. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting—I’ve got too much work ______.A. to do to comeB. doing comingC. to do comingD. doing to come52. —Where did you get to know Mary? —It was on the farm ______ we worked.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what53. The real reason why prices ______, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorilyexplain this problem.A. wereB. will beC. have beenD. had been54. ______ has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains aserious problem.A. ThatB. WhatC. In spite of whatD. Though what55. ______ from endless homework on weekends, the students now find their own activities, such as taking a ridetogether to watch the sunrise.A. FreedB. FreeingC. To freeD. having freed56. Martin Luther King Jr. put it that peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means ______ we arriveat that goal.A. thatB. whereC. by whichD. with which57. Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help ______ since the organization was built.A. has been offeredB. have been offeredC. had been offeredD. was offered58. Along with graduation ______ to look for a job!A. does the students’ need comeB. comes the students’ needC. do the students’ need comeD. come the students’ need59. Life is full of ups and downs, ______ that we are optimistic and take a positive attitude, we will be more likelyto enjoy our life to the fullest.A. ConcernedB. ProvidedC. ConsideringD. Concerning60. —What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director?—______ quite a lot of time with other people.A. SpendingB. Having spentC. To spendD. To have spent61. — Where did you get the information on the cost of living in Australia as an exchange student?— It was from the educational department ______ my uncle works.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. as62. He’s been informed that he ______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasn’t qualifiedB. hadn’t qualifiedC. do esn’t qualifyD. wasn’t qualifying63. The climate in Kunming is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ______ , reaching 35℃ in summer.A. if notB. if anyC. if everD. if so64. The pupils in our school like reading after lunch, most of ______ seated on the grass unless it rains.A. themB. whomC. thatD. who65. He stood up and looked forward to ______ what has happened over there and found there was a playgroundaround ______ he could see a film being shown.A. seeing; whichB. see; whichC. see; whereD. seeing; that66. It’s natural that every student ______ eye exercises every day.A. doB. doesC. will doD. doing67. Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playingvideo games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized68. The banker finds it difficult ______ just as an ordinary human being at homeA. to treatB. to be treatedC. to have treatedD. to have been treated69. —What has made him so knowledgeable? —______ domestic and foreign classics.A. Having exposed toB. Being exposed toC. Exposing toD. Exposed to70. —Was it ______ Stanley failed the driving test again ______ made him depressed this morning?—Yes, I can’t agree more with you.A. that; whichB. which; thatC. which; whichD. that; that71. — How do you like your military training?—For me, it was an unforgettable memory. Tough ______ it was, we became more considerate of others through teamwork.A. whileB. asC. althoughD. however72. “Spit-take” refers to an act______ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth ______ he or she hearssomething funny or surprising.A. where; in whichB. in which; whenC. when; in whichD. in which; where73. She was a woman of snob, ______ not worthy of admiration.A. whoB. oneC. thatD. this74. Though I ______ to go abroad, I changed my mind and decided to stay with my family.A. had wantedB. wantedC. would wantD. did want75. —I have some big news for you. You’ ve been accepted as a member of our club.—______ That’ s great!A. Have I?B. Pardon?C. Congratulations!D. Good idea!76. —Have you seen the film Mekong Operation?—Yes. It’s said that the film ______ in Thailand should it be found to damage the image of the country.A. would be bannedB. has been bannedC. will be bannedD. had been banned77. — Oh, how depressed! I am bound to lose to him in tomorrow’s competition.— Cheer up! In fact, he is ______ than you !A. not more nervousB. no more nervousC. no less nervousD. a little less nervous78. Present at the historic meeting ______ many an official on Nov. 7, of course President Xi Jinping and DonaldTrump ______.A. was; includedB. was; includingC. were; includedD. has been; included79. She’s ______ is known as a nosy person — she is always dying to know what’s going on in others’ lives.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. that80. — You look quite tired. — I ______ the project here in order to meet the deadline.A. have doneB. didC. had doneD. have been doing81. — Shall Tom go and play football? —Not unless he ______ his homework.A. has finishedB. finishedC. is to finishD. would finish82. Most students in our class prefer taking pains in their study to ______ with better education.A. equipB. be equippedC. equippingD. being equipped83. The orchestra began and he played with such passion, power and purity, during ______ process we wereexperiencing lasting and spiritual inner peace.A. whoseB. thatC. whichD. its84. — Has the bad news that Marry failed in the exam got around?— No, nobody but you and Tom in our class so far ______ it. I think we should keep it as a secret.A. have knownB. has knownC. is knownD. are known85. — Our manager has been acting angrily this week.— He ______ to promote the new product at the trade fair.A. had failedB. has failedC. failedD. would fail高考英语语法练习（五）1-5 DBCBC 6-10 ADBCC 11-15 BBDCC 16-20 ABCBB 21-25 ABBBB 26-30 DAADC 31-35 BACAA 36-40 BCCCA 41-45 DDDDC 46-50 CDABC 51-55 ACACA 56-60 CBBBA 61-65 CCCAC 66-70 AABBD 71-75 BBBAA 76-80 ACABD 81-85 ABCBC。
现代汉语(黄伯荣、廖序东版)笔记讲义第五章 语法
现代汉语（黄伯荣、廖序东版）笔记讲义第五章语法第五章语法第一节语法概说学习要点:了解语法的基本特征，掌握汉语语法的基本单位。
一、什么是语法语法是语言的结构规则。
人们的言语行为必须符合语法规则，否则就无法交流信息。
这可以从两个方面加以说明:第一，从言语表达的角度看，说写者在用词造句时必须遵循语法规则，否则听读者会不知所云或感到别扭。
例如，光有“力量、就、知识、是”几个零散的词，还无法表达意思;把它们加合成“力量就知识是”或“是就知识力量”，也还是不能表达意思，因为这些组合不符合汉语的结构规则。
只有按照汉语语法规则，把它们组成“主，动，宾”的结构，即说成“知识就是力量”，才能让听读者理解。
又如，当听到外国学生说“一点点我不舒服”“尽管天塌下来，我也能顶得住”这类句子时，我们能明白其意，但会感到很别扭，觉得不像中国话。
原因在于这类组合偏离了汉语的语法规则。
按照汉语的语法规则，前一句中的“一点(点)”不能用来修饰全句，也不能用来修饰形容词，应改为“我有点儿不舒服”。
后一句前后两个分句是让步关系，应改为“即使......也”。
“尽管......也”在汉语中不能搭配。
第二，从话语理解的角度看，听读者在理解话语时必须借助语法规则的指示，否则无法理解。
例如一个不懂“主，动，宾”结构规则、不懂“是”表示判断的语法意义的外国人，是不能真正理解“知识就是力量”这个句子的意思的。
同样，若不懂“什么”的否定用法，也是无法真正理解“你都懂什么～”这句话的含义的。
也许有人会说:我们在表达时并不是先想好语法规则再说话或写文章的呀,对了，我们在表达时，一般不会这样做。
那语法规则怎么起作用的呢,是下意识地起作用的。
既会下意识地起作用，那为什么还要学呢,因为只靠“下意识”还无法避免语法错误，特别是在表达复杂的思想时。
只有自觉地系统地学习了语法规则，才能自觉地更好地利用语法规则，避免在言语交际中出现语法错误。
要做好语言文字工作，语法规则的学习更是必不可少的。
语法教案(五)语法水平测试题
Proficiency Test for English GrammarI . A fter each sentence four options are given. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write the letter of your choice in the brackets on the answer sheet. (305/a) (30minutes)1. When we saw his face, we knew _______ was bad.A. the newsB. some newsesC. a newsD. news2. We were so late getting to the theater that we missed most of __A. the act firstB. act oneC. act firstD. first act3. Although Fredling was successful, the final years of his life were ______A. many failuresB. with numerous failuresC. with much failure in itD. marked by repeated failure4. There is nothing finer than to chat with your old friend around _______A. the fireB. a fireC. fireD. fires5. Words on ______ are not equivalent to reality.A. the paperB. a paperC. paperD. papers6. St Paul‟s is ______ Cathedral in Christendom.A. third the longestB. the third longestC. third longestD. a third longest7. We haven‟t visited ______ for a long time.A. anybodyB. somebodyC. nobodyD. any ones8. His illness is not _____ cause anxiety.A. such asB. such thatC. such as toD. so that9. This furniture is different from _____A. that oneB. thoseC. that onesD. that10. Everyone who visits the cave is given a small stalactite with ___ own initials cut into it as apersonal souvenir.A. yourB. herC. theirD. our11. The union is strongly in favor of unemployment benefits for _____ members during slackseasons.A. itsB. ourC. their I). his12. Free movie tickets will be given to ______ come first.A. whomB. whoeverC. whomeverD. that13. T here is no one in the world _____ commits errors.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. but14. I‟ve had enough cake. Would you like ______A. oneB. any moreC. another oneD. some more15. She took one look at us _______ her spectacles.A. byB. onC. throughD. in16. “The streets are all wet.“It ______ during the night.A. must be rainingB. must have rainedC. had to rain I). must have been raining17. M ary ______ be in Paris because I saw her in town only an hour ago.A. can‟tB. isn‟t able toC. mustn‟t I). may not18. He was a good swimmer so he ______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. couldB. mightC. succeeded toD. was able to19.I want to go to the dentist .but you ______ with me.A. need not to goB. do not need goC. need not goD. need go not20. It is necessary ______the book immediately.A. for him to returnB. that he returnsC. his returningD. to him return21. 1 wondered _____ t o come to the party.A. if he should have been askedB. if he should askedC. if he askedI). should he be asked22. Susan. you are so lazy. This job_______ hours ago.A. should finishB. must have finishedC. could be finishedD. ought to have been finished23. They don‟t allow _____ in the auditorium; they allow us ______ outside in the corridor.A. to smoke ,smokingB. smoking. to smokeC. to smoke, to smoke I). smoking, smoking24. Professor Black had us ________ compositions every Friday.A. to writeB. writeC. writtenD. wrote25. Mary‟s father approved of _______ in the United States for another year in order to worktoward her M.A.A. her to stayB. her stayingC. she stayingD. she to stay26. _______ at the painting briefly, .the dealer said that it was worth £5.A. To glanceB. GlancedC. Having glancedD. Having been glanced27. He has made more progress than I ______A. expectedB. had expectedC. expectD. will expect28. I _______ six letters this morning.A. am writingB. have writtenC. have been writingD. write29. 1 wish that you ___ such a bad headache because I‟m sure that you would have en joyed theconcert.A. hadn‟tB. didn‟t have hadC. hadn‟t hadD. hadn‟t have30. He _______ for six years by the time he takes his examination.A. had been studying EnglishB. will have been studying EnglishC. studied EnglishD. studies English31. My neighbor is a photographer; let‟s ask him for ______about color films.A. a adviceB. an adviceC. adviceD. advices32. —We had fish and chips for lunch;—That doesn‟t sound ______A. the very interesting lunchB. an very interesting lunchC. very interesting lunchD. a very interesting lunch33. I had a very bad night; I didn‟t sleep. ______A. winkB. winksC. the winkD. a wink34. Number ______ and two, the house next door to us, is for sale.A. hundredB. the hundredC. an hundredD. a hundred35. I saw him standing _____ the queue but I don‟t know whether he got on the bus or not.A. inB. atC. onD. of36. The car stopped ______ the traffic lights and wouldn‟t start again, so the driver got out andpushed it to the side of the road.A. inB. atC. onD. of37. Someone threw a stone at the speaker. It hit him ______ the head and knocked his hat off.A. inB. atC. onD. of38. There are 21 chairs in the room, but ______ is empty.A. no oneB. eitherC. neitherD. not one39. _____ of the twins was arrested, because I saw them both at a party last night.A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. One40. This picture is much better than ______ you showed me yesterday.A. oneB. the oneC. onesD. that41. He didn‟t believe what I said, _____ annoyed me very much.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. what42. When the mechanic opened the bonnet he saw at once ______ was wrong with the car.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. what43. 1 don‟t know______ the width of this material is.A. how wideB. whatC. howD. how muchII . Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined. They are marked A, B ,C and D. You are to identify the one underlined word or phrase that IsInappropriate and write the letter of your choice in the brackets on the answer sheet.(105/a) (l0mlnutes)44. The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and to cook atA B Cher famous Boston school.D45. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.A B C D46 A few naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known mainly fromA B Claboratory-made samples.D47. To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a source ofA B Cwarmth such as direct sunlight.D48. One of the most difficult questions in defining sleep is “What is the functions of sleep?”A .BC D49. The Millicent Rogers Museum houses five thousands pieces of Hispanic and American In-Adian jewelry, textiles, and other objects documenting the vibrancy of these two cultures.B C D50. Not only the sailors but also the captain on the ship were frightenedA B Cduring that voyage.D51. You will not be able to pass your exam except you study harder than you do now.A B C D52. As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the environ-A‟ B C D ment.53. After the accident he laid in bed for six weeks, waiting for his ankle to heal.A B C D54. His latest play, that was well reviewed by the critics, has been a great success.A B C D55. Tom didn‟t work so hard as Mary, but his examination results were a great dealA Bgood, to the surprise of all the teachers, than hers.C D56. Married couples with children often rent the cottages by the seaside for the summerA B C Dholidays.57. The Empire State Building, once America‟s tallest, is now surpassed by either theA B C DSears Tower in Chicago and the World Trade Center in New York.58. The confusion amongst the traffic was caused by a flock of sheep that was strayingA B Call over the road.D59.The customs officials have inspected all the luggage that are to be carried away soon.A B C D60. The table, as we all know, usually has four legs; but some have only three legs each.A B C D60.The more famous observation deck in the world is located at the World Trade CenterA B C Din New York.61. A scientist bases its work on hypotheses that have been checked through carefulA B Cexperimentation.62. Leading scientists are often the kinds of person who have enjoyed intellectual challengesA B Call their lives.D63.Is the John Smith in the papers today the same one who you went to school with theA B C Dother day?Ill . Read the following incomplete sentences and decide what tenses of the given verbs should be used. Then write your answers on the answer sheet. (10%) (10 minutes)63. Her eyes are red; she _____ (cry).64. Is it the first time you ____(come) to China?65. Her phone ______ (ring) for ten minutes. I wonder why she doesn‟t answer it.66. 1 can‟t go out because I __________ (not finish) my work.67. It __________ (rain) far two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the matchhas been postponed.68. What do you think the children ___________ (do) when we get home?69. She hoped that we __________ (get) the plan ready before she came back.70. I shan‟t buy tomatoes till the price __________ (come) down.71. When we __________ (take) our exam, we‟ll have a holiday.72. He gave up hope of passing the examination, since he ___________ (already fail) IV. Sentence combinationA. Combine the sentences in each group into one sentence by using a noun clause, and giving alternative construction where indicated:1 He hadn‟t telephoned his girl friend. His girl friend later understood why.2 Your bank manager won‟t lend you money without security. Don‟t run away with the ideathat he will.3 The law student was destined for a brilliant career at the bar. This was clear to everyone. (a.It was ...; b. That ... )4. He didn‟t even apologize. This made me really angry. (a. The fact...; b.What... )5 Children nowadays get too much pocket money. This is my opinion. (a. It ... ; b. Myopinion ... )6 He says one thing in private. He does another thing in public. The two things are inconsistentwith each other. (What ... )B. Combine the sentences in each group into one sentence by using an attributive clause:1My father advises me to study medicine. I have great confidence in his judgment.2 . They gave me four very bad tyres. One of them burst before I driven four miles.3 The number of people will place a heavy strain on airport facilities. These people will betraveling by air in the 1990‟s.4 Chess is quite a difficult game. More and more people are learning to play it.5 One of the chief things is to save money, manpower and time. A computer can do this thing.6 Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the otherguests were wearing evening dress.C. Combine the sentences in each group into one sentence by using an adverbial clause:1 He didn‟t pass the examination. His mother was upset.2 We left rather late. We arrived on time, however.3 He is very ill. He can …t eat anything.4 We checked in at the hotel. We were promptly escorted to our room.5 The course cost a lot of money. Even so, I decided to take it.6 You promise to behave yourself. You shall not go to the party this afternoon.7 He arranged to come early. We could have time for a talk before dinner.8 1 know more about him. I like him less,bine the sentences in each group into a complex or compound - complex sentence:1. I came back home. It was very late. I opened the front door. I got a shock. Burglars hadransacked the flat.2 You can see that man. He is standing in the corner. He stole my wallet last year. I rememberhis face.3 1 called on John. He was sitting in the garden. He was asleep. I went home again. I did notdisturb him.4 1 will lend you the money. You must pay it back within a week. I shall be very angry if youdo not. I shall not speak to you again.5 The girl was riding her bicycle. It was a new one. She was not very good at riding it. She felloff. She cut her knee. I gave her some chocolate. It was to cheer her up‟.6 Alan was driving along a country lane. He saw an old house. It was very beautiful. He sawthat it was for sale. He stopped to look at it. Finally he bought it.E. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as theone above it:1 “Will you come inside, boys? “ she said.She asked ________________________2 My brother doesn …t like Rugby as much as I do.I like _________________________________________3 The soup was so hot that they couldn …t eat it.The soup was too ______________________4 I haven‟t been to London for at least a month.It is _______________________________________________5The manager told all the employees to be punctual.All the employees _____________________________.6 I‟d prefer this one to that one.I‟d rather_________________7 Jane is better-looking than her sister.Jane‟s sister is _______________________8 “What on earth have you been doing, John?” Jane asked.Jane asked _______________________________________9She had rarely been in such an awkward situation.Rarely__________________________________________.10. He has lost every match this season.He hasn‟t ____________________11 It was such an interesting film that they decided to see it again.The film was so ___________________________________12 George is cleverer than anyone in my office.No one __________________________13 It is thought by many experts that the economic crisis will soon be over.Many experts14 …Please don‟t take the paper away until I have read it,” she said.She asked them _____________________________________15 It was such wonderful weather that everyone enjoyed the week in Spain.。
现代汉语第五章语法(部分)
第五章语法第一节语法概说1．语法和语法体系（这俩术语均有两种解释）语法：语素、词、短语、句子等语言单位的结构规律1）语法——语法规律，客观的语法事实 + 语法学的理论，学者对语法事实的主观说明语法体系——语法系统，客观存在的语法事实，语法规律的系统性 + 语法学体系，语法学者根据自己的学说解释语法事实时所用的分析方法一个民族的语法系统只有一个，但是一个民族的语法体系可以不止一个。
2）语法研究由句法、语义和语用三个方面的研究组成。
句法：造句的规则（短语、句子的结构规律和类型）——包括传统的词法和句法语义：句法结构的变化对语义的影响及反作用语用：句法结构的变化对语境，句子的语调、口气等的影响及反作用2．语法的性质：1）抽象性：语法不研究个别的，而是从众多的语法单位的组合里抽象出其中共同的组合方式或类型及如何表达语义。
如：汉语中“看看”“学习学习”词的重叠现象。
说明有些动词可以用重叠的方法来表示动作的少量或短时。
2）稳固性：语法的变化比语音、词汇慢得多。
如：词序和虚词是汉语的重要语法手段。
3）民族性：每个民族都有明显的民族特点，不仅表现在语音和词汇上，也表现在语法上。
如：俄语用词形变化（形态）表示词的句法功能，语序比较自由；而汉语里的词没有表示句法功能的形态变化，词在句中充当什么成分，主要靠语序来表示。
3．语法单位：1）语素：语言中最小的音义结合体。
构词的备用单位2）词：最小的能够独立运用的语言单位。
构成短语、句子3）短语：语义上和语法上都能搭配的，没有句调的一组词。
造句的备用单位4）句子：具有一个句调，能够表达一个相对完整的意思的语言单位。
关系：语素可以 = 词词组＞语素词可以 = 句子词组可以 = 句子4．句法成分：句子结构的组成成分1）句法成分到底是什么，是凭句法关系定名的。
如：主语是被陈述的对象，谓语是陈述主语的，两者之间是陈述关系。
2）句子成分间的语法关系：主谓、动宾、定中、状中、中补口诀：动前有主状，动后有补宾。
现代汉语语法的五种分析方法
现代汉语语法的五种分析方法现代汉语语法的五种分析方法是语法学基础里很重要的一个内容,老师上课也会讲到,我在这里把最简略的内容写在下面，希望能对本科生的专业课学习有所帮助详细阐释中心词分析法、层次分析、变换分析法、语义特征分析法和语义指向分析的具体内涵：一. 中心词分析法：分析要点：1．分析的对象是单句；2．认为句子又六大成分组成——主语、谓语（或述语）、宾语、补足语、形容词附加语（即定语）和副词性附加语（即状语和补语）。
这六种成分分为三个级别：主语、谓语（或述语）是主要成分，宾语、补足语是连带成分，形容词附加语和副词性附加语是附加成分；3．作为句子成分的只能是词；4．分析时，先找出全句的中心词作为主语和谓语，让其他成分分别依附于它们；5．分析步骤是，先分清句子的主要成分，再决定有无连带成分，最后指出附加成分。
标记：一般用║来分隔主语部分和谓语部分，用══标注主语，用——标注谓语，用~~~~~~标注宾语，用（）标注定语，用[ ]标注状语，用< >标注补语。
作用：因其清晰明了得显示了句子的主干，可以一下子把握住一个句子的脉络，适合于中小学语文教学，对于推动汉语教学语法的发展作出了很大贡献。
还可以分化一些歧义句式。
比如：我们五个人一组。
（1）我们║五个人一组。
（2）我们五个人║一组。
总结：中心词分析法可以分化一些由于某些词或词组在句子中可以做不同的句子成分而造成的歧义关系。
局限性：1．在一个层面上分析句子，层次性不强；2．对于一些否定句和带有修饰成分的句子，往往难以划分；如：我们不走。
≠ 我们走。
封建思想必须清除。
≠ 思想清除。
3. 一些由于句子的层次关系不同而造成的歧义句子无法分析；如：照片放大了一点儿。
咬死了猎人的狗。
二. 层次分析：含义：在分析一个句子或句法结构时，将句法构造的层次性考虑进来，并按其构造层次逐层进行分析，在分析时，指出每一层面的直接组成成分，这种分析就叫层次分析。
朱德熙先生认为，层次分析不能简单地将其看作是一种分析方法，而是应当看做一种分析原则，是必须遵守的。
现代汉语现代汉语习题集试题一(第五章 语法)考试卷模拟考试题.docx
《现代汉语习题集试题一（第五章语法）》考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分遵守考场纪律，维护知识尊严，杜绝违纪行为，确保考试结果公正。
1、名词有时能受副词的修饰，如“也许老王去” 。
（ ）2、“我们”和“咱们”都是第一人称代词复数形式，二者的用法完全一样。
（ ）3、连词是指在词语之间起连接作用的虚词。
（ ）4、副词能且只能充当状语。
（ ）姓名：________________ 班级：________________ 学号：________________--------------------密----------------------------------封 ----------------------------------------------线-------------------------5、某些动词重叠后表示动量，有“很”或“相当”的意思。
（）6、所有介词都能用在单个名词前边，组成介宾短语。
（）7、短语“吃的、穿的、用的”是简单的“的”字短语。
（）8、“那一位”是量词短语。
（）9、短语“明天晴天”和“明天是晴天”都是主谓短语。
（）10、短语“晒太阳”和“晒衣服”中，动词与宾语之间的语义关系都是“动作+受事”。
（）11、短语“石头似的”和“像石头似的”都是比况短语。
（）12、复杂短语是指有两个或两个以上层次的短语。
（）13、“我一下车就看见他了。
”是连动句。
（）14、“我借了小王一本书。
”是双宾句。
（）15、“你去叫小王来办公室找我。
”是单纯的连动句。
（）16、“我陪你去北京。
”是单纯的兼语句。
（）17、假设句“如果说 A ，那么就B 。
”表示反事实的假设与结论。
（）18、多重复句是包含两个或几个分句的复句。
（）19、“不是 ------ 就是 ------ ”是表示对照关系的关系词语。
（）20、“宁可... 也... ”是表示选择关系的关系词语。
（）21、举例说明语法的递归性。
2022届高考英语人教版学案-重难语法课(5)-非谓语动词-含答案
重难语法课(5)——非谓语动词[语境中体悟用法]朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。
Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce①this English speech contest. As we all know, to master② a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part in③ an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn④ English. Everyone wants to show⑤ their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and speaking⑥ ability, developing⑦ a good habit of learning⑧ English.In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules made⑨ by us. First, you should make your voice heard⑩clearly by everyone, so reading aloud⑪is very necessary. Second, you should try your best to express⑫yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied⑬with our performance. Thank you![用法体悟]①to introduce this English speech contest是不定式短语作真正的主语，it是形式主语。
语法
第五章：语法第一节：语法概说在没有正式给出“语法”的定义前，请同学们看下面的两组例子：（1）太阳升起在浩荡的平原上。
（2）我们充分利用本地资源制造农业机械化的道路。
（3）在参观期间发生的令人感动的美丽事情层出不穷。
（4）其实对这一点我也以前不是十分清楚。
（5）尽管天塌下来，我也能顶得住。
（6）我看书的入神时，不时门开了，好几个同学进来。
（注：引自叶蜚声、徐通锵《语言学纲要》）（7）太阳升起在广阔的平原上。
（8）我们充分利用本地资源开辟农业机械化的道路。
（9）在参观期间发生的令人感动的美丽事情层出不穷。
（10）其实对这一点我以前也不是十分清楚。
（11）即便天塌下来，我也能顶得住。
（12）我看书看得入神时，不时有同学开门进来。
一、语法与语法体系1、语法是词、短语、句子等语言单位的结构规律。
（注：是“规律”，而不是“规则”，为什么？）语法有两个含义：1、指语法结构规律本身，即平常说的语法事实。
2、指语法学。
是研究、描写、解释语法结构规律的科学，是对客观存在着的语法系统的认识与说明。
2、语法体系也有两个含义：1、指语法系统，即客观存在的语法事实、语法规律的系统性。
2、语法学体系，语法学说的系统性。
注：一个民族语言的语法系统只有一个，一个民族语言的语法学体系可以不止一个。
（怎样理解这句话？）平常我们有时听人说“汉语语法有分歧”，多指后一含义，即语法学体系有分歧。
（为什么语法本身没有分歧或少有分歧？）如：（13）他的弟弟考上大学了。
是“他的弟弟”是主语，还是“弟弟”是主语、还是“他”是主语？再如：（14）她很女人。
传统语法的一条规则是：汉语中“副词不能直接修饰名词，必须中间有形容词”，那么，对于这种“副+名”结构又该怎样说明？有人说“这里的名词已经形容词化了”，有人说这里的“名词没有形容词化，整体的结构本身具有这种语义表达”，那么，我们该听谁的？二、语法的性质（一）抽象性请看例子：一本书两个苹果三只小鸡四张桌子五把椅子……我看书他写字你吃饭……（二）稳固性相对而言，语言三要素中，语法的变化最慢。
2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题05-形容词和副词和比较等级(含答案)
专题五形容词和副词+比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点，命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空；若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least时，可能也会不给出原级。
系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的热点之一。
一、形容词和副词在句中的作用1.形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。
如：English is a useful language.英语是一门有用的语言。
(作定语)English is useful.英语很有用。
(作表语)I find English useful.我觉得英语很有用。
(作补语)2.副词在句中作做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语，或者整个句子。
如：He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他为了按时到达那里，走得很快。
(修饰动词walked)He walked very quickly.他走得很快。
Obviously, I believe we can win it. 显然，我相信我能够赢得胜利。
二、形容词和副词的比较等级1. 形容词副词的规则变化。
(1) 一般在词尾直接加er或est。
如：long—longer—longest。
(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词尾直接加r或st。
如：nice—nicer—nicest。
(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i，再加er或est。
如：heavy—heavier—heaviest。
(4) 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节，双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加er或est。
如：big—bigger—biggest。
(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。
如：slowly—more slowly—most slowly；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful。
英语语法的五种基本句型
英语语法的五种基本句型Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT教学目标：1.让学生掌握英语学习中的五种基本句型；2.学会分辨句子属于哪种句型；3.懂得使用不同的句型造句；教学重点与难点：1.五种句型的分析与理解；2.句型4（主+动+宾+补）与句型5（主+动+宾+宾）的掌握与比较；教学方法：1.ppt演示；2.运用类比法将五种句型进行分析比较：课堂练习：一、下列的句子属于哪种类型1. The sun rises2. She is walking along the lake.3. I like this book very much.4. That man seems kind5. He bought his sister a piano.6. She kept us waiting for over three hours.7. Let me give you a hand.8. We tried to make her happy.二、请说出五个句子，并说出属于哪种句型家庭作业：1.每个句型各举出3个句子2.翻译句子导入主题：我们现在能用英语写简单的作文，也可以用英语进行简单的交流与沟通，可是大家知道英语中有多少种基本句型吗那这些句型分别是什么（让学生自由思考、讨论，引出今天的课题，英语学习中的五种基本句型）1.Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。
如:He laughed.John has read widely.He lives in London.2. Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。
如:Our team beat all the others.3. Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。
新编英语语法教程(第五版)练习答案完整版章振邦主编
新编英语语法教程(第五版)练习答案完整版章振邦主编1. A. his home workB. quickly, to play2. A. The huge black horseB. the race3. A. have thought aboutB. going into space4. A. warms up and crawlsB. out of the bag5. A. one of the most beautiful planets to look at through a telescopeB. because of the many rings that surround it6. A. 165 yearsB. to complete its path, or orbit,around the sun7. A. you and your brotherB. How many pairs of shorts8. A. the most e_pensive meal listed on the menuB. What9. A. an ―Outdoor Code‖B. their members10. A. can blowB. as fast as 180 miles (290 kilometers) an hour11. A. The spiral of heated air and moist airB. to twist and grow and spin12. A. The direction a hurricane‘s spiral movesB. counterclockwise13. A. does not shineB. At the north pole: for half of the year14. A. The cold winds that blow off of the Arctic OceanB. a very cold place15. A. might have beenB. guilty of murderE_. 1B1. SVCWithin the stricken area, not a single soul remained alive, and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by monster steam-roller.2. SVThe bomb e_ploded 1,000 ft. above the groun.3. SVOOn August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Janpanese town of Hiroshima.4. SvoOThree days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow.5. SVOCThe e_plosion made one and a half square miles of the city an e_pense of reddish rubble.6. SVAWithin the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of enpanding gas, millions of degrees hot.7. SVOA。
云南省普高专升本公共课(公共英语)语法精讲(五)：非谓语动词与独立主格
云南普通专升本公共课（公共英语）语法精讲（五）：非谓语动词与独立主格学习目标：1．识别并掌握非谓语动词的三种形式。
2．掌握非谓语动词的特性和功能。
3．熟练运用独立主格结构。
动词通常在句中作谓语，那么非谓语动词顾名思义就是指这类形式的词在句中不用作谓语，而是作其他成分。
在英语中非谓语动词可分为三类：-to do，-ved,-ving。
非谓语动词的特征有以下几点：1. 它有动词的性质，即有时态和语态的变化。
Having finished his homework, he went to play baseball.The hospital being built will be completed next month.2. 它有n,adj,adv性质，即能在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
Seeing is believing. 或者To see is to believe. （主语/表语）He is fond of playing snooker. （宾语）The man standing at the front of the classroom is our English teacher. （定语）Mary got home very late, only to find the guests gone.（状语）3. 它没有人称和数的变化。
The man wandering up and down the road was a robber.The men wandering up and down the road were robbers.4. 它可以带宾语、状语或修饰成分，构成相应的短语。
I didn’t expect to find you here.She is used to getting up early.Professor Ma stood there surrounded by many students.5. 它可有自己的逻辑主语。
五语法填空(本题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)阅读下面短文,
五语法填空(本题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文,在空白处填人一个适合的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
My children are growing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my boy has just started junior high school. As they get 1. .(big), our house seems to get(clear) out a lot of things from our smaller. So we've already 2 .bedrooms for a yard sale.We've decided 3. (sell) five things we no longer use. We'll give the .money we raise to a 4. (children) home. My son was quite sad at first. He found a lot of 5. (toy) that he doesn't play with anymore but still wanted to keep. For example, he's 6. (own) a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was lose his toy monkey, 7. He slept next to the monkey every night when he was a child. My daughter was more 8. (understand), although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.9. for me, I didn't want to give up my football shirts, but, to be.honest, I haven't played for 10. while now. I'm getting older, too五、1.bigger2.cleared3.to sell4. children's5.toys6.owned7.either8.understanding9.As10.a。
状语从句语法解析(五)
状语从句语法解析（五）八、方式状语从句1. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要的有as, as if, as though等：You must do as your parents tell you. 你必须按你父母说的去做。
They treated the child as if she were their own. 他们待这孩子像亲生的一样。
注：(1) 在非正式文体中，like也可用连词，表示方式，与as的用法相似：Nobody loves you like I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。
(2) 有时the way 也可用作连词，表示方式，与as的用法相似：The didn’t do it the way we do now. 那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。
2. as if [as though] 从句与虚拟语气一般说来，若as if 和as though 从句所表示的内容可能为事实，则用陈述语气，若为假设或不大可能为事实，则用虚拟语气。
不过在非正式文体中，有时即使句意明确地表示不是事实，也可能用陈述语气：He treats me as if I am [were] a stranger. 他待我有如陌生人。
The stuffed dog barks as if it is [were] a real one. 这个玩具狗叫起来像是真狗似的。
更详细的内容，参见本讲义“虚拟语气”。
九、地点状语从句1. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等：Put the m edicine where children can’t reach it. 把药放在孩子们拿不到的地方。
You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。
Everywhere Jenny goes she’s mistaken for her sister. 无论走到哪个地方，詹妮都被误认为是她妹妹。
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61．什么叫搭配不当？常见的搭配不当有哪几种情况？举例说明。
62．语序紊乱有何弊端？常见的语序紊乱有哪几种情况？举例说明。
63．什么叫结构杂糅？常见的结构杂糅有几种情况？举例说明。
23．怎样区分述宾短语和补充短语？
24．怎样区分连动短语和兼语短语？
25．短语的结构类型与功能类型有什么对应关系？举例说明。
26．层次分析法切分的原则是什么？举例说明。
27．述语和谓语有什么联系和区别？述语中心语和谓语中心的关系怎样？请你举例说明。
28．哪些词、短语可以作宾语？请你各举一例。
47．独立语中的示意性独立语（又称插入语）包括哪些小类？常用。
49．关联词语哪些可以作句子成分，哪些不能作句子成分？
50．怎样区分单句与复句？
51．怎样区分并列复句与承接复句？
52．如何区别解说复句的小类？
53．如何辨别承接复句与连动句？
54．如何辨别假设复句和条件复句？
55．什么是多重复句？怎样分析多重复句？
56．什么是紧缩复句？紧缩复句与连动句有什么区别？
57．复句运用中常见的错误有哪些？举例说明。
58．修改病句的意义和原则各是什么？
59．什么叫"简缩法"？利用"简缩法"修改病句时，其步骤如何？应注意哪些什么问题？
现代汉语题库
语法（五）
五、问答题
1．为什么说词的语法特征是划分词类的主要依据？
2．名词、动词、形容词各有哪些主要语法特征？
3．时间名词、外所名词、方位名词与其他名词有何异同？
4．判断动词与其他动词有何异同？
5．非谓形容词与其他形容词有什么不同？
6．怎样区分不及物动词与非谓形容词？
12．副词有哪些主要语法特征？怎样区分副词和形容词？
13．怎样区分时间副词与时间名词、副词与能愿动词、副词"没有"与动词"没有"？
14．介词有哪些主要语法特征？怎样区分介词和动词？
15．怎样区分介词"和、跟、与、同"与连词"和、跟、与、同"？
16．怎样区分介词"由于、因为、为了"与连词"由于、因为、为了"？
29．什么短语作宾语可以进一步分析出定语和中心语两种成分？请你举例说明。
30．宾语有哪些意义类型？请你举例说明。
31．请你举例说明什么是多重定语和多重状语。
32．补语有哪些语义类型？请你举例说明。
33．补语和宾语的一般顺序是怎样的？在哪种情况下会出现哪些特殊顺序？
34．请你举例说明怎样区别补语和宾语？
35．请你举例说明同一词语充当同一句子的状语和补语，在表义上有保差别？
36．独立语中的示意性独立语（又称插入语）包括哪些小类？常用哪些词语充当？
38．述语和谓语有什么联系和区别？述语中心语和谓语中心的关系怎样？请你举例说明。
39．哪些词、短语可以作宾语？请你各举一例。
40．什么短语作宾语可以进一步分析出定语和中心语两种成分？请你举例说明。
17．怎样区分结构助词"的"与语气助词"的"、动态助词"了"与语气助词"了"？
18．拟声词与叹词、形容词有哪些相同之处，哪些不同之处？
19．词的兼类与同形同音词及词类活用有什么区别？
20．从结构角度，短语可分为哪几类？举例说明。
21．怎样区分联合短语和定中短语？
22．怎样区分复指短语与定中短语和联合短语？
7．数词、量词、代词各有哪些语法特征？
8．"我住在三楼"的"三"和"我走了三里路"的"三"有什么区别？
9．量词单独作句子成分有什么条件限制？
10．"出了一身汗"和"买了一身衣服"中的"一身"有什么不同？
11．"小李怎么样了？"和"小李怎么不来？"这两句中的"怎么样"和"怎么"有什么区别？
41．宾语有哪些意义类型？请你举例说明。
42．请你举例说明什么是多重定语和多重状语。
43．补语有哪些语义类型？请你举例说明。
44．补语和宾语的一般顺序是怎样的？在哪种情况下会出现哪些特殊顺序？
45．请你举例说明怎样区别补语和宾语？
46．请你举例说明同一词语充当同一句子的状语和补语，在表义上有保差别？