英语句型结构与句子成分划分复习课程

高一英语初高中衔接练习

第二讲英语句型结构与句子成分划分

一、句子类型

(1)、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。

1) 简单句的类别

1.陈述句（肯定句、否定句）

2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意

3.祈使句

4.感叹句（How + adj. ( +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) !

2) 简单句的基本词序

主语谓语宾语状语

I bought a hat yesterday.

The children ran home.

The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.

We ate our meal in silence.

The car stopped suddenly.

A young girl walked confidently on the stage.

(2)、并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句

1. I help him and he helps me .

2. He failed many times but he wasn’t discouraged.

3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train.

4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday.

5. Either he didn’t speak clearly or I didn’t hear well.

(3)、复合句：简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。

1.名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

1) What he said just now is right. 2) He said that he had seen the film.

3) This is why he didn’t go to school.

4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy.

引导名词性从句的连词有:

that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever.

2.修饰性（形容词性）从句：定语从句

1) The man who is standing there is White.

2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived.

引导定语从句的连词有：

that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why.

3. 副词性从句：状语从句

(条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句）

引导状语从句的连词有：

when, while, as, as soon as, after, since, until, till, where, if, unless, because, in order that, so…that…, though, wherever, whenever, as …as, not so…as, than

二. 句子成分划分

<1>. 讨论题: 找出下列句子中相应的成分：

1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.

2.Predicate.（谓语）We study English.

3. Object（宾语）We love China.

4. Predictive（表语）We are Chinese.

5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）This is a difficult problem.

pletement(补语) We elected him monitor.

7.Adverbial（状语）He runs fast.

8.Appositive（同位语）This is Miss Zou, my teacher.

9.Parenthesis（插入语）To be frank, I don’t agree with yo u.

<2> 句子成分的分类

1. 主语: 主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。

1)The students study hard.

2)He usually goes to school at 7:30.

3)One and one make two.

4)To tell a lie is wrong.

5)Learning a foreign language takes a long time.

6)Who taught you English last year?

2. 谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致

(1) 由动词的各种时态语态表示。

1) He goes to school every day. 2) They are swimming.

3) She caught up with the others very quickly.

4) This kind of machine is made in China.

(2) 由“情态动词+动词原形”表示。We must work hard at English.

The recorder can be repaired in two days.

(3) 由“连系动词+表语”表示。My father is a doctor.

He feels better today.

3. 表语: 表语和连系动词一起构成谓语，表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语充当。

1) Her uncle is a teacher. 2) He became angry.

3) The weather is getting warmer and warmer.

4. 宾语: 动作的承受者

1) The child needs help. 2) They all helped us. 3) I hope to see you again.

4) Tom likes swimming 5) He gave me a map of the world. 6) I’ll lend it to you tomorrow.

7) My mother bought a skirt for me.