信息工程专业英语翻译
电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 05 译文
Unit 5 多址技术Unit 5-1第一部分：多址技术：频分多址、时分多址、码分多址多址方案用于使许多用户同时使用同一个固定带宽的无线电频谱。
在任何无线电系统中分配的带宽总是有限的。
移动电话系统的典型总带宽是50MHz ，它被分成两半用以提供系统的前向和反向连接。
任何无线网络为了提高用户容量都需要共享频谱。
频分多址（FDMA ）、时分多址（TDMA ）、码分多址（CDMA ）是无线系统中由众多用户共享可用带宽的三种主要方法。
这些方法又有许多扩展和混合技术，例如正交频分复用（OFDM ），以及混合时分和频分多址系统。
不过要了解任何扩展技术首先要求对三种主要方法的理解。
频分多址在FDMA 中，可用带宽被分为许多个较窄的频带。
每一用户被分配一个独特的频带用于发送和接收。
在一次通话中其他用户不能使用同一频带。
每个用户分配到一个由基站到移动电话的前向信道以及一个返回基站的反向信道，每个信道都是一个单向连接。
在每个信道中传输信号是连续的，以便进行模拟通信。
FDMA 信道的带宽一般较小（30kHz ），每个信道只支持一个用户。
FDMA 作为大多数多信道系统的一部分用于初步分割分配到的宽频带。
将可用带宽分配给几个信道的情况见图5.1和图5.2。
时分多址TDMA 将可用频谱分成多个时隙，通过分配给每一个用户一个时隙以便在其中发送或接收。
图5.3显示如何以一种循环复用的方式把时隙分配给用户，每个用户每帧分得一个时隙。
TDMA 以缓冲和爆发方式发送数据。
因此每个信道的发射是不连续的。
待发送的输入数据在前一帧期间被缓存，在分配给该信道的时隙中以较高速率爆发式发送出去。
TDMA 不能直接传送模拟信号因为它需要使用缓冲，因而只能用于传输数字形式的数据。
由于通常发送速率很高，TDMA 会受到多径效应的影响。
这导致多径信号引起码间干扰。
TDMA 一般与FDMA 结合使用，将可用的全部带宽划分为若干信道。
这是为了减少每个信道上的用户数以便使用较低的数据速率。
系别及专业名称英文翻译
系别（ 系别（Department） ）
机械工程系 信息工程系 计算机科学与技术系 建筑系 管理系 社会科学与外国语系 建筑工程系 化学工程系 艺术系 机械设计制造及其自动化 工业设计 自动化 通信工程 电子科学与技术 电子信息工程 计算机科学与技术 软件工程 建筑学 艺术设计 财务管理 信息管理与信息系统 物流工程 工程管理 英语（科技英语） 法学 英语（经贸英语） 土木工程 环境工程（给排水） 水利水电工程 Mechanical Engineering Information Engineering Computer Science and Technology Architecture Management Social Science and Foreign Languages Architectural Engineering Chemical Engineering Art
专业（ 专业（Major） ）
Machinery Design, Manufacturing and Automation Industrial Design Automation Communication Engineering Electronic Science and Technology Electronic Information Engineering Computer Science and Technology Software Engineering
港口航道与海岸工程 船舶与海洋工程 化学工程与工艺 过程装备与控制工程 动画
Harbor, Waterway and Coast Engineering Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Chemical Engineering and Technology Process Equipment and Control Engineering Animation
信息工程专业英语面试自我介绍
信息工程专业英语面试自我介绍英文回答：I am pursuing a Master's degree in Information Engineering. I have a solid foundation in computer science, data structures, and algorithms. I am also proficient in programming languages such as Python, Java, and C++.During my undergraduate studies, I worked on several projects that involved the design and implementation of software systems. One of my projects was a recommendation engine that used machine learning techniques to predict user preferences. Another project was a mobile application that allowed users to track their fitness goals.I am confident that my skills and experience make me a strong candidate for this position. I am eager to learn new technologies and contribute to the development of innovative software solutions.中文回答：我正在攻读信息工程硕士学位。
我在计算机科学、数据结构和算法方面有坚实的基础。
我也精通 Python，Java 和 C++ 等编程语言。
通信与信息工程专业英语教程词汇翻译 陈杰美
analog 模拟digital 数字的binary-coded number 二进制编码数electromagnetic induction 电磁感应telegraph 电报triode vacuum tube 三级真空管broadcasting 广播amplitude modulation (AM)幅度调制frequency modulation (FM)频率调制phase modulation (PM) 相位调制transistor 晶体管linear integrated circuit 线性集成电路microwave 微波satellite 卫星optical fiber 光纤shortwave 短波negative-feedback amplifier 负反馈放大器PCM（Pulse-Code Modulation）脉冲编码调制time-division multiplexing (TDM)时分多路stereo FM 立体声调频error-correction code 纠错编码adaptive equalization 自适应均衡random access memory (RAM)随机存取存储器VLSI(very large scale integration)超大规模集成FAX (facsimile) 传真cellular telephone 蜂窝电话移动电话oscilloscope 示波器spread spectrum system 扩频系统ISDN(integrated services digital network)综合业务数字网HDTV(high definition television)高清晰度电视transmitter 发射机channel 信道频道通道receiver 接收机baseband 基带bandwidth (BW)频带宽度带宽ADC(analog-digital converter)模数变换器carrier 载波载流子bandpass signal 带通信号signal sideband (SSB)单边带phase-shift keying(PSK)相移键控ITU(international telecommunications union)国际电信联盟PTN(public telecommunications network)公用电信网络LOS propagation 视线传播ionospheric reflection 电离层反射high fidelity (Hi-Fi)高保真度signal-to-noise 信噪比interference 干扰mapping 映射dimension 维数量纲frequency selectivity 频率选择性photocathode 光电阴极raster scanning 光栅扫描blanking pulse 消隐脉冲multiplexer 多路转换器encoder 编码器decoder 译码器pixel 像素vocal tract filter 声道滤波器melodic structure 韵律结构harmonic structure 谐波结构interlaced fields 交替的场horizontal retrace 水平行回程primary colors 基色interactive video 交互式视频ASCII 美国标准信息交换码DCT (discrete cosine transform)离散余弦变换JPEG (joint photographic experts group)联合图像专家组MPEG(motion photographic experts group)) 活动图像专家组synchronous transmission 同步传输asynchronous transmission 异步传输frame 帧frame-packing 成帧modeling 建模Fourier series(FS) 傅里叶级数transmission medium 传输介质coaxial cable 同轴电缆instantaneous power 瞬时功率decibel 分贝dBRF(radio frequency)射频commutator 换向器转接器ripple 波纹起伏ionosphere 电离层potential difference 电位差shot noise 散弹噪声flicker noise 闪变噪声noise figure 噪声系数mathematic model 数学模型rms value 均方根值orthogonal series 正交系数power density spectrum 功率谱密度common logarithm 以10为底的对数DC power supply 直流电源AC ripple 交流波纹AM receiver 调幅接收机thermal noise 热噪声root-mean-square(rms)alternating current (AC) 交流direct current (DC) 直流cable television (CATV)有线电视field-effect transistor (FET)场效应晶体管bipolar junction transistor(BJT)晶体三极管inductor coil 电感线圈inductor 电感器rating power 额定功率capacitor 电容器quality factor 品质因数piezoelectric crystal 压电晶体inductive reactance 感抗capacitive reactance容抗susceptance 电纳mounting capacitance 安装电容impedance 阻抗notch filter 陷波式滤波器oscillator 振荡器flywheel effect 飞轮效应feedback 反馈loop gain 环路增益voltage gain 电压增益amplifier 放大器扩音器emitter 发射机base 基极collector 集电极inductive coupling 电感耦合radio-frequency choke (RFC)射频扼流圈junction capacitance 结电容integrated-circuit (IC)集成电路buffer amplifier 缓冲放大器chip 芯片frequency synthesizer 频率合成器energy dissipation 能耗tank circuit 槽路sinusoidal signal 正弦信号crystal oscillator 晶体振荡器monolithic chip 单片VHF(very high frequency) 甚高频UHF（ultra high frequency）超高频uncertainty 不确定性误差probability 概率几率autocorrelation 自相关函数covariance 协方差strict-sense stationary process 狭义平稳过程严平稳过程wide- sense stationary process 广义平稳过程宽平稳过程second-order process 二阶平稳过程infinity 无穷大ergodic process 各态遍历过程Gaussian process 高斯过程stochastic process 随机过程random signal 随机信号deterministic signal 确定信号argument function 被积函数joint probability distribution 联合概率分布statistical parameter 统计参数mathematical expectation 数学期望Gaussian white noise 高斯白噪声ensemble average 总体平均time average 时间平均correlation function 相关函数auto covariance 自协方差the first-order moment 一阶矩sample space 样本空间random variable 随机变量unbiased estimation 无偏估计normalized 归一化linear functional 线性泛函antenna 天线nonlinear 非线性的envelope 包络AM DSBFC 全载波的双边带调幅modulator 调制器class A amplifier (A)甲类放大器transformer 变压器double sideband (DSB)双边带AM envelope调幅包络carrier signal 载波信号voice-grade 话音级modulation coefficient 调制系数lower side band (LSB)下边带lower side frequency (LSF)上边频upper side band (USB)上边带upper side frequency (USF)上边频phasor 相量vector 矢量nonlinear mixing非线性混频frequency domain 频域coupling capacitor 耦合电容final stage 末级（电路）modulating signal 调制信号modulated wave 已调波emitter modulator 发射机调制器DSB AM 双边带幅度调制transistorized transmission 晶体管化发射机unitless 无量纲的lo-level modulator 低电平调制器modulation 调制过程modulator 实现调制的电路modulating signal 调制信号demodulation 在接收端从已调波中恢复调制信号的过程demodulator 解调器duplicate 复制品，副本inversion 倒置elimination 消除canonical 规范的quadrature 正交discrimination 辨别，区别，识别力nonoverlapping 不相重叠的resonator 谐振器，振荡器simultaneous 同时的，同时发生的subsequent 后来的，并发的reinforcement 增援，加强，加固junction 连接，交叉点prescribe 指示，规定cutoff 截止，切掉coherent 相干的，一致的locally 在本地undergo 经历，遭受，忍受difference 差分，差别angle modulation 角度调制complex envelop 复包络proportional 比例量，成比例的intergral 积分，综合deviation constant 偏移常数subscript 下标的integrator 积分器，综合者cascade 串联，级联instantaneous 瞬间的，即刻的frequency deviation 频率偏移nonnegative 非负的正的peak-to-peak deviation 峰峰偏移phase modulation index 调相指数frequency modulation index 调频指数sinusoida 正弦的superposition 重叠，叠加原理approximation 接近，近似值sideband 边带multiplier 乘数，乘法器narrowband frequency modulation(NBFM)窄带频率调制wideband frequency modulation(WBFM)宽带频率调制frequency multiplication 倍频limiter 限幅器voltage-controlled-oscillator( V OC)压控振荡器incorporate合并混合PLL(phase locked loop) 锁相环frequency divider 分频器tolerance 耐性容限power spectral density（PSD）功率谱密度probability density function(PDF)概率密度函数intuitive直觉的viewpoint 观点emphasis加重preemphasis 预加重deemphasis去加重boost升压，attenuate 减弱信号，衰减longitudinalpotential位差，势差balun 巴伦，平衡—不平衡变压器electrostatic shield 静电屏蔽ribbon cable 带状传输线coaxial cable 同轴电缆open-wire 明线insulated 绝缘的，隔热的sheath 阳极，屏极stray capacitance 寄生电容杂散电容spacer 逆电流器dielectric 电介质绝缘体susceptible 易受影响的pick-up 获得polyethylene聚乙烯permittivity 介电常数reflectometry反射计impairment 损害，损伤echo 回声，回波prependicular 垂直的transponder 微型转发器vacuum 真空encounter 遭遇遇到infrared 红外线ultraviolet 紫外线refraction 折射diffract 衍射interference 干涉collide 碰撞penetrate 穿透渗透curve 曲线弯曲diffuse 漫射散开redistribution 重新分配opaque 不透明物phenomenon 现象wavelet小波finite 有限的simultaneously同时的polarization偏振极化negligible可以忽略的conductivity 传导性传导率induce感应navigation导航curvature曲率troposphere对流层ionize电离molecule 分子exert 施加vibrate 震动equivalent相当的ionization离子化nonuniform不均匀的stratified分层的parabolic抛物线的focal焦点resonance谐振共振dipole双极子偶极子mast天线竿triode 三极真空管klystron调速管magnetron磁控管radiotelephone 无线电话elliptically椭圆形的feedpoint馈点isotropic等方性的reciproal互易的beamwidth波束宽度omnidirectional全方向的parasitic寄生的concave凹的inphase同相的reradiated在辐射convergent汇聚性的convex凸的broadside侧面的crisscross十字形交叉power splitter 功率分配器dielectric电介质绝缘体boundary边界photophone光电话impurity杂质混杂物megabit百万兆位dispersion色散pulsing脉冲调制repester转发器regenerator再生器photodetector光电探测器threshold阀值，门限timing时序thermoelectric电热的splic接合cooler冷却器packaging封装adapter适配器jumper跳线overload超过负荷multiplexer多路复用器demultiplexer多路信号分离器doped 掺杂质的very large integration(VLSI)超大规模集成电路digital signal processing(DSP)数字信号处理noise immunity抗干扰度encryption加密programmable可编程的multipath and fading多径衰减power efficiency功率效率bandwidth efficiency带宽效率fidelity保真度pulse-width 脉冲宽度throughput吞吐量non-fading channel无衰落信道multimum-shift-keyed(MSK)最小位移键控on-off keying(OOK)开关键控unipolar 单极性的binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)二进制相移键控mark frequency传号频率space frequency空号频率premodulation预调制cosine-rolloff filter余弦滚降滤波器pilot carrier导频载波digital modulation index数字调制指数null-to-null bandwidth零点-零点带宽coherent相干检波ambiguity含糊differential差分编码integrate-and-dump matched filter积分清楚匹配滤波器digital-to-analog converter(DAC) 数模转换器offset 偏移量wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM)波分复用dense-WDM密集波分复用end-fire-array 端射阵phased array 相控阵inpedence matcher 阻抗匹配器erbium-doped fiber amplifiers 掺铒光纤放大器binary-coded 二进制编码的mainframe 主机，大型机interconnect 使互相连接information highway 信息高速公路indefinitely 不确定的facility 容易，便利，设备，工具secondary 次要的，二级的，第二的peripheral 外围的，外围设备data terminal equipment(DTE) 数据终端设备data conmunications equipment(DCE)数据通信设备vice versa 反之亦然serial 串行的parallel 并行的host主机topology 拓扑，布局，mesh 网孔，网套，陷阱citizens band 居民频带syntax 语法，句子结构interrogation 审问，问号American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) 美国信息交换标准码Extended Binary-Code Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) 扩充的二-十进制交换码teletype code 电传打字机电码least significant bit(LSB) 最低有效位most significant bit(MSB) 最高有效位partity 同等，平等，奇偶校验error control 差错控制error detection 检错error correction 纠错echoplex 回送checksum 校验和cyclic redundancy checking(CRC) 循环冗余检查backspace 退后一格，退格erroneous 错误的，不正确的circuitry 电线，线路hex 十六进制polynomial 多项式的symbol substitution 符号替换selective retransmission 选择性重传forward error correction 前向纠错ingtegrity 正直，诚实，完整性turnaround 回车场，转变，转向prior 在先，居先Hamming code 汉明码electronic mail 电子邮件handset 电话听筒，手机，手持机cellular phone 便携式电话，移动电话set-top TV box 电视机顶盒telephony 电话学，电话技术conversation 会话，交谈circuit switching 电路交换mechanical 机械的，呆板的bit stream 位流，比特流interface 分界面，界面，接口instruction 指令common channel signaling 公共信道信令trunk 干线中继线路subscriber telephone 电话用户digital carrier system 数字载波系统accommodate 供应，调节，调和deviate 异化，越轨，偏离nominal 名义上得Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN)综合业务数字网bidirectional 双向的full-duplex 全双工的facsimile 摹写，传真remote monitoring 远程监控videotext 可视图文videophone 可视电话attenuation 变薄，变细，衰减Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL)非对称用户数字线protocol 草案，协议character at a time 每次传送一个字符cross-talk 他处传来的干扰，串话severe 严厉的，剧烈的，严重的modem 调制解调器synchronous transmission 同步传输SDLC(Synchronous Data Link Control)同步数据链路控制HDLC(High-Level Data Link Control)高级数据链路控制LAPB 平衡型链路访问规程packet 包装，信息包preamble 前言，序，前导信号self-synchronizing code 自同步码store-and-forward packet-switching存储转发分组交换point-to-point 点对点intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的statistical multiplexing 统计复用Ethernet 以太网Chip 碎片，芯片，筹码LAN(Local Area Network) 局域网，本地网WAN(Wide Area Network) 广域网Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM)异步传输模式cell 蜂窝，信源VCI 虚通路标识optical fiber 光纤cable television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television(CATV)有线电视，公用天线电视obstruction 阻塞，妨碍，障碍物feeder 馈电线，电源线，连接线unidirectional 单向的，单向性的hybrid fiber/coaxial(HFC) 光缆与同轴电缆混合网fiber-to-the-curb(FTTC) 光纤到路边cable modem 电缆调制解调器nonadjacent 不临近的，不毗连的turn over 翻身，折腾，反复考虑Peer-to-Peer 对等网络wireline 有线线路toehold 排除障碍的方法notebook 笔记薄，笔记本palm-sized computer 掌上电脑backbone 脊椎，中枢，支柱，勇气terabit兆兆位Web 环球网bandwidth 带宽channel 信道，频道delay 延迟，时延hierarchy 层次结构pitch 音调substantially 充分的voiced 有声的，浊音的quasi-stationary 拟稳态的formant 共振峰，构形成分resonance 共鸣，回声，反响，谐振vocal track 声带vocoder 声码器VF(V oice Frequency) 话音频率adaptive subband coding 自适应自带编码vector quantization 矢量量化code excited linear prediction 码激励线性预测vector-sum excited linear prediction矢量和激励线性预测analysis-by-synthesis technique 分析合成技术codebook 码本best match 最佳匹配codec 多媒体数字信号编解码器probability distribution 概率分布autocorrelation 自相关successive 继承的，连续的unvoiced清音的quasiperiodicity 准周期性bandlimited 带限的time-discietized 时间离散化reconstruct 重建，改造，推想monotonically decreasing function 单调递减函数exponential 指数的，幂数的Gaussian distribution 高斯分布，正态分布variance 方差manifestation 显示，表现，示威运动coding gain 编码增益spectral flatness measure(SFM)谱平坦性测度geometric mean 几何平均redundancy冗余cordless 不用电线的，无绳preferentially 优待的perception 理解，感知，感觉harmonic 谐和的，和声的，谐波，谐函数sub-band coding(SBC) 子带编码block transform coding 块变换编码bandpass 带通band-splitting 子带分解articulation index 传声准率portion 一部分，一分in tune 和调子convolution 卷积，卷积积分multiplex 多路传输，多路复用alias 混淆，折叠quadrature mirror filters(QMF) 正交镜像滤波器latecy 等待时间，延迟cellular telephone system 蜂窝(移动)电话系统performance 性能，能力signal-to-noise radio 信噪比mean square error(MSE) 均方误差weighted 加权的diagnostic rhyme test(DRT) 押韵诊断测试diagnostic acceptability measure(DAM)接受能力诊断测试mean opinion score(MOS)平均主观评分inherently 天地性，固有性spectrum 频谱utilization 利用intrastate 周内的haul 托运距离noncoherent 非相干的simultaneously 同时的deviator 偏差器，致偏器scheme 安排，配置，计划，方案uniform 统一的，相同的，一致的，均衡的eventually 最后，终于mixer 混频器heterodyning 外差法，外差作用demodulator 解调器convey 搬运传达destination 目的地phenomenal 显著的telemetry 遥感勘测，自动测量记录传导diminishing 逐渐缩小的accommodate 供给，容纳investigate 调查，研究avenue 方法途径prohibitive 禁止的，抑制的adequate 适当的，足够的quantize 使量子化，量化discrete 不连续的，离散的aptly 适当的，适宜的lean 倾向，偏向designator 指示者，指定者so-called 所谓的，号称的astronomical 天文学的，天文celestial body 天体payload 有效载荷military 军事的，军用的subscriber 订户，签署者geostationary 与地球的相对位置之不变的aeronautical 航空学的roughly 概略的obstacle 障碍，障碍物govern 统治，支配constituent 要素hub 网络集线器，网络中心margin 极限，富余architecture 体系结构platform 平台cruise 巡航gateway 网关altenatively 作为选择，二者选一overlap 与..交叠implement 实现，执行hybrid 混合的latitude 纬度，地区guarantee 保证，担保nowadays 现今，现在sophisticated 高度发展的，精密复杂的coordinate 协调，调整，整理equatorial 近赤道的，赤道的distributed 分布式的stationary 固定的deploy 配置isotropic各向同性的specialise 专门研究，深入miche 放在适当的位置marketability 可销售性crosspolarization 交叉极化furthermore 此外，而且critical 紧要的，关键性的，临界的majority 多数，大半degrading 丧失体面的，可耻的，不名誉的coding 编码intermediate 中间的alongside 并排地regulate 管制，控制budget 预算degrade 降低，降级，退化compensate 补偿，付报酬subdivide 再分，细分feasible 切实可行的burst 突发，脉冲periodic 周期的，定期的synchronize 同步recovery 恢复expansion 扩充，扩展vital 至关重要的，必须得preassign 预先指定，预先分配reservation 预定，预约dynamic 动态的eliminate 消除，去除uncoordinated 不协调的collision 碰撞，冲突implementation 执行，实现retransmission 重发，转播optimal 最佳的，最理想的corresponding 相应的yielding 出产，生长，生产incremental 增加的magnitude 大小，数量，模algorithm 算法encoding 编码concatenation 串联，连锁node 节点tolerant 容许的literally 逐字的antijam 抗干扰contiguous 临近的，邻接的authentication 证明，鉴定adequately 充分的eavesdropper 偷听者pseudorandom 伪随机的simultaneously 同时的excel优秀penalty 损失unpredictable 不可预知的correlation 相互关系，相关性clutter混乱mobile telephone service 移动电话业务monster 怪物，妖怪，巨人methodology 一套方法provoke 激怒，挑拨，煽动，驱使regardless 不管，不顾terminology 术语学transceiver 无线电收发机，收发器pedestrian 步行者，徒步的，通俗的base station 基站scramble 扰频municipal 市政的，地方自治的trunking 中继census 人口普查hexagonal 六角形，六边形的honeycomb 蜂巢，蜂窝in accordance with 与..一致，依照macrocell 宏单元，宏小区radius 半径，范围，界限microcell 微小区virtue 德行，美德，贞操，优点，功效，效力mild 温和的，温柔的，适度的overlay 覆盖，microcellular 微小区intriguing 迷人的，有迷惑力的infrastructure 下部结构，基础组织splitting 分裂，裂解sector 使分成部分，扇形扫描overhead 在头上的，高架的handoff 手递手传递，移交metropolitan 首都的，大城市United States Digital Cellular(USDC)美国数字蜂窝系统compatible 谐调的，一致的，兼容的reuse 再使用time-division multiple accessing(TDMA)时分多址time slot 时间空档，时隙geographical 地理学得，地理的interleaving 交叉，交错threeflod 三倍encrypt 加密decrypt 解释明白，解密safeguard 维护，捍卫，eavesdropping 偷听channelization通信波道的选择coed-division multiple accession(CDMA) 码分多址Pilot 飞行员differentiate 区分，区别，微分spread-spectrum 扩频coherent 黏在一起的，相干的graceful 优美的，雅致的，适度的real time 实时asynchronous 不同时的，异步的重点词汇。
电子信息工程专业英语Lesson 15 Memory (存储器)翻译
存储器是计算机存储程序和数据的一部分。
专业术语“memory”经常指的是位于计算机内部的存储。
它也被称为实际存储器或主存储器，并且表现为大量的KB。
每一KB相当于1024字节，并且每一字节相当于8比特。
主存储器的主要功能是作为CPU和计算机系统其他组件的媒介。
它类似一个桌面，你可以把干活急需的东西放在上面。
CPU只使用存储在主存储器的软件指令和数据。
正如你所知道的，主存储器是一个随机存储器，或者称为RAM。
这命名鉴于这么一个事实——数据在电子主芯片中可以随意存放和恢复，而且不管数据在何处，存放和恢复的时间差不多是相同的。
主存储器是一个电子设备生产的不稳定的状态。
当电脑关机了，主存储器就清空了；当打开时，主存储器能够接收和保留一份软件指令和所需处理的数据。
由于主存储器是一种波动形式，它取决于电源并且电源也可能在处理过程中断电，用户通常将他们的工作保存到永久性存储设备，如磁盘或硬盘。
通常来说，主存储器主要是用于如下几个目的：Storage of a copy of the main software program that controls the general operation of the computer（储存一份用于控制计算机一般操作的主要的软件程序）。
当计算机打开时，这份拷贝被加载到主存储器中，并且它一直在那里只要计算机打开。
临时存储的应用程序指令由CPU检索用于解释和执行t emporary storage of data that has been input from the keyboard or other input device until instructions call for the data to be transferred into the CPU for processing（临时存储的数据已经从键盘或其他输入设备输入，直到指令调用的数据被转移到CPU迚行处理）t emporary storage of data that has been produced as a result of process until instructions call for the data to be used again in subsequent process or to be transferred to an output device such as the screen,a printer,or a disk storage device（由于处理的结果，临时存储的数据已经产生了，在接下来的迚程或将被转移到一个输出设备例如显示器，打印机，或者一块磁盘存储设备，直到指令调用数据将再次被使用）几种半导体存储器芯片被用于主存储器中。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社nglish for IT and EE-08
(bps) of transmitted information in the sense that going to a
higher information rate requires a higher frequency. Thus, the first observation from the frequency line would be that, for optical carriers, which have frequencies in the hundreds of THz, information bandwidth is in some sense free. 信息的带宽在 某种意义上是 免费的 因此在较高的信息率要求较高 的频率这层意义上，要考虑传 输信息的每个bps成本问题
与用于信息传输的光学技术 的潜力有关的
仔细研究表8.1中的频率表可以看到各种用于信息传 A frequency line which gives the wavelengths , the frequencies
, and the photon energy p for the various regions of the frequency
9
2
As wavelengths decrease to approach the size of circuit
components, circuit elements are no longer lumped, and leads
can act as reflective components and/or antennas and lumped
信息工程专业英语术语
信息工程专业英语术语（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如职场文书、合同协议、总结报告、演讲致辞、规章制度、自我鉴定、应急预案、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as workplace documents, contract agreements, summary reports, speeches, rules and regulations, self-assessment, emergency plans, teaching materials, essay summaries, other sample essays, etc. If you want to learn about different sample essay formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!信息工程专业英语术语20XX信息工程专业英语术语信息工程专业是建立在超大规模集成电路技术和现代计算机技术基础上，研究信息处理理论、技术和工程实现的专门学科。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 Environmental Engineering化学工程与工艺 Chemacal Engineering and Technology安全工程 Safty Engineering工商管理 Industrial and Commercial Management市场营销 Market Management and Sales会计学 Accounting旅游管理 Tourism Management信息管理与信息系统 Information Management and System金融学 Finance国际经济与贸易 International Economy and Trade食品科学与工程 Food Sience and Engineering生物工程 Biological Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering建筑环境与设备工程、Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程、Processing Units and Control Engineering现代家政学、 Modern Domestic Science运动训练科学系、 Sports Train Science食品营养与检测、 Food Nutrition and Detect国际新闻、 International News体育健康教育系 Sports Health Education哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中*史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature 中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics 应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation 机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering 通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology 地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering 纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering 制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control 交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等） The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-09
定理规定：采样频率必须 定理规定： 大于两倍的信号带宽
信息科学与电子工程专业英语
Part I
Digital Signal Processing
New Words
sub-field 分领域，子领域 sub分领域， sensor array 传感器阵列 algorithm 算法 purposepurpose-designed 针对目的设计的 integrated circuits 集成电路 wavelet 小波 informed 有知识的，有见闻的 有知识的， crosscross-correlation 互相关 discretization 离散化 partition 分割，分区 分割， sonar 声呐 biomedical 生物特征的 abbreviate 缩写，缩略 缩写， applicationapplication-specific 面向应用的 autocorrelation 自相关 baseband 基带 spatial domain 空间域 interval 间隔 quantization 量化 finite set 有限的集
当灵活性和快速开发比大批量生产的 成本更重要时，DSP算法也可以用现 成本更重要时，DSP算法也可以用现 场可编程门阵列来实现。 场可编程门阵列来实现。
9
4 DSP domains
In DSP, engineers usually study digital signals in one of the following domains: time domain (one-dimensional signals), (onespatial domain (multidimensional signals), frequency domain, autocorrelation domain, and wavelet domains. They choose the domain in which to process a signal by making an informed guess (or by trying different possibilities) as to which domain best represents the essential characteristics of the signal.3 他们按某些依据来猜测（或试验不同的可能 他们按某些依据来猜测（ 性）那一个域能够最好地表示信号的本质特 性来选择在其中进行信号处理的域。 性来选择在其中进行信号处理的域。
科技英语(电子与信息工程类)翻译
【26.As such,every new version of the product requires a redesign and trips through the foundry,an expensive proposition,and an impediment to rapid time-to-market.而且，每次推出一个新产品都需要重新设计并经历所有制造流程。
这样做不但造价昂贵，而且不利于迅速上市。
【2.Because of the very high open -loop voltage gain of the op-amp,the output is driven into positive saturation(close to+V)when the sample voltage goes slightly above the reference voltage ,and driven into negative saturation (close to -V)when the sample voltage goes slightly below the reference voltage .由于运放的开环电压增益很高，当取样电压略高于参考电压时，输出趋向于正向饱和状态（接近+V）。
当取样电压低于参考电压时，输出趋向于负向饱和状态（接近-V）。
【8.Both N-type and P-type semiconductors are made by treated materials,such as germanium and silicon with impurities such as arsenic and indium.N型半导体和P型半导体是利用杂质掺入纯净半导体而形成的，如将杂质砷和铟掺入锗和硅中。
【18.By comparison,most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using the shape,or level of the transmitted signal;parameters that are most easily affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the transmission path.相比之下，许多其他形式的传输系统是利用被传信号的波形或电平的高低来传送信息的，而这些参数又极易受到传输路径中的噪声和衰耗的影响。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 Environmental Engineering化学工程与工艺 Chemacal Engineering and Technology安全工程 Safty Engineering工商管理 Industrial and Commercial Management市场营销 Market Management and Sales会计学 Accounting旅游管理 Tourism Management信息管理与信息系统 Information Management and System金融学 Finance国际经济与贸易 International Economy and Trade食品科学与工程 Food Sience and Engineering生物工程 Biological Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering建筑环境与设备工程、Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程、Processing Units and Control Engineering现代家政学、 Modern Domestic Science运动训练科学系、 Sports Train Science食品营养与检测、 Food Nutrition and Detect国际新闻、 International News体育健康教育系 Sports Health Education哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中*史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature 中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics 应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation 机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering 通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology 地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering 纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering 制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control 交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等） The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
电子信息工程专业专业英语三千字翻译
Unit3 computer architecture and microprocessors3--1 Computer Architecture1) Computer architecture , in computer science , is a general term referring to the structure of all or part of computer system . The term also covers the design of system software , such as the operating system (the program that controls the computer) , as well as referring to the combination of hardware and basic software that links the machines on a computer network . Computer architecture refers to an entire structure and to the details needed to make it functional . Thus , computer architecture covers computer systems , microprocessors , circuits , and system programs . Typically the term does not refer to application programs , such as spreadsheets or word processing , which are required to perform a task but not to make the system run .2)1.Design Elements3) In designing a computer system , architects consider five major elements that make up the system's hardware : the arithmetic /logic unit , control unit , memory , input , and output . The arithmetic /logic unit performs arithmetic and compares numerical values . The control unit directs the operation of the computer by taking the user instructions andtransforming them into electrical signals that the computer 's circuitry can understand . The combination of the arithmetic /logic unit and the control unit is called the central processing unit (CPU) . The memory stores instructions and data . The input input and output sections allow the computer to receive and send data , respectively .4) Different hardware architectures are required because of the specialized needs of systems and users . One user may need a system to display graphics extremely fast , while another system may have to be optimized for searching a database or conserving battery power in a laptop computer .5) In addition to the hardware design , the architects must consider what software programs will operate the system . Software , such as programming languages and operating systems , makes the details of the hardware architecture invisible to the user . For example , computers that use the C programming language or a UNIT operating system may appear the same from the user's viewpoint , although they use different hardware architectures .6)2.Processing Architecture7) When a computer carries out an instruction , it proceeds through five steps . First ,the control unit retrieves theinstruction from memory , for example , an instruction to add two numbers . Second , the control unit decodes the instruction into electronic signals that control the computer . Third , the control unit fetches the data (the two numbers) . Fourth , the arithmetic/logic unit performs the specific operation ( the addition of the two numbers ) . Fifth , the control unit saves the result ( the sum of the two numbers ) .8) Early computers used only simple instructions because the cost of electronic capable of carrying out complex instructions was high . As this cost decreased in the 1960s , more complicated instructions became possible . Complex instructions ( single instructions that specify multiple operations ) can save time because they make it unnecessary for the computer to retrieve additional instructions . For example , if seven operations are combined in one instruction , then six of the steps that fetch instructions are eliminated and the computer spends less time processing that operation . Computers that combine several instructions into a single operation are called complex instruction set computers ( CISC ) .9) However , most programs do not often use complexinstructions , but consist mostly of simple instructions . When these simple instructions are run on CISC architectures , they slow down processing because each instruction--whether simple or complex --takes longer to decode in a CISC design . An alternative strategy is to return to designs that use only simple , single--operation instruction sets and make the most frequently used operations faster in order to increase overall performance . Computers that follow this design are called reduced instruction set computers ( RISC ) .10) RISC designs are especially fast at the numerical computations required in science , graphics , and engineering applications . CISC designs are commonly used for non-numerical computations because they provide special instruction sets for handling character data , such as text in a word processing program . Specialized CISC architectures , called digital signal processors , exist to accelerate processing of digitized audio and video signals .11)3.Open and Closed Architectures12) The CPU of a computer is connected to memory and to the outside world by means of either an open or a closed architecture . An open architecture can be expanded after the system has been built , usually by adding extra circuitry ,such as a new microprocessor computer chip connected to the main system . The specifications of the circuitry are made public , allowing other companies to manufacture these expansion products .13) Closed architectures are usually employed in specialized computers that will not require expansion , for example , computers that control microwave ovens . Some computer manufacturers have used closed architectures so that their customers can purchase expansion circuitry only from them . This allows the manufacture to charge more and reduces the options for the consumer .14)work Architecture15) Computers communicate with other computers via networks . The simplest network is a direct connection between two computers . However , computers can also be connected over large networks , allowing users to exchange data , communicate via electronic mail , and share resources such as printers .16) Computers can be connected in several ways . In a ring configuration , data are transmitted along the ring and each computer in the ring examines this data to determine if it is the intended recipient . If the data are not intended fora particular computer , the computer passes the data to the next computer in the ring . This process is repeated until the data arrive at their intended destination . A ring network allows multiple messages to be carried simultaneously , but since each message is checked by each computer , data transmission is slowed .17) In a bus configuration , computers are connected througha single set of wires , called a bus . One computer sends data to another by broadcasting the address of the receive and the data over the bus . All the computers in the network look at the address simultaneously , and the intended recipient accepts the data . A bus network , unlike a ring network , allows data to be sent directly from one computer to another . However , only one computer at a time can transmit data . The others must wait to send their messages .18) In a star configuration , computers are linked to a central computer called a hub . A computer sends the address of the receiver and the data to the hub , which then links the sending and receiving computers directly . A star network allows multiple messages to be sent simultaneously , but it is more costly because it uses an additional computer , the hub , to direct the data .19)5.Recent Advances20) One problem in computer architecture is caused by the difference between the speed of the CPU and the speed at which memory supplies instructions and data . Modern CPUs can process instructions in 3 nanoseconds ( 3 billionths of a second ) . A typical memory access , however , takes 100 nanoseconds and each instruction may require multiple accesses . To compensate for this disparity , new computer chips have been designed that contain small memories , called caches , located near the CPU . Because of their proximity to the CPU and their small size , caches can supply instructions and data faster than normal memory . Cache memory stores the most frequently used instructions and data and can greatly increase efficiency .21) Although a large cache memory can hold more data , it also becomes slower .To compensate , computer architects employ designs with multiple caches . The design places the smallest and fastest cache nearest the CPU and locates a second large and slower cache farther away . This arrangement allows the CPU to operate on the most frequently accessed instructions and data at top speed and to slow down only slightly when accessing the secondary cache . Using separatecaches for instructions and data also allows the CPU to retrieve an instruction and data simultaneously .22) Anther strategy to increase speed and efficiency is the use of multiple arithmetic/logic units for simultaneous operations , called super scalar execution . In this design , instructions are acquired in groups . The control unit examines each group to see if it contains instructions that can be performed together . Some designs execute as many as six operations simultaneously . It is rare , however , to have this many instructions run together ,so on average the CPU does not achieve a six-fold increase in performance . 23) Multiple computers are sometimes combined into single systems called parallel processors . When a machine has more than one thousand arithmetic/logic units , it is said to be massively parallel . Such machines are used primarily for numerically intensive scientific and engineering computation .Parallel machines containing as many as sixteen thousand computers have been constructed .3-3 VLIW Microprocessors24) When Transmeta Corp. revealed its new Crusoe of processors last month ,experts weren’t surprised to learn that the chips are based on Very Long Instruction Word(VLIW)technology .VLIW has become the prevailing philosophy of microprocessor design , eclipsing older approaches such as RISC and complex instruction set computing(CISC) .25) All microprocessor designs seek better performance within the limitations of their contemporary technology. In the 70s of 20th century ,for example ,memory was measured in kilobytes and very expensive .CISC was the dominant approach because it conserved memory .26) In the CISC architecture . there can be hundreds of program instructions-simple commands that tell the system to add numbers, store values and display results. If all instructions were the same length , the simple ones would waste memory .Simple instructions require as little as 8 bits of storage space , while the most complex consume 120 bits .27) Variable-length instructions are more difficult for a chip to process, though, and the longer CISC instructions are especially complex. nonetheless ,to maintain software compatibility, modern chips such as Intel’s Pentium III and Advanced Micro Devices Inc.’s Athlon must still work with all troublesome CISC instructions that were designed in the 1980s , even though their original advantage-memory conservation-isn’t as important .28) In the 1980s , RAM chips got bigger and bigger in capacity while their prices dropped . The emphasis in CPU design shifted to relatively simple , fixed-length instructions , always 32 bits long .Although this wastes some memory by making programs bigger ,the instructions are easier and faster to execute .29) The simplicity of RISC also makes it easier to design superscalar processors-chips that can execute more than one instruction at a time .This is called instruction-level parallelism. Almost all modern RISC and CISC processors are superscalar. But achieving this capability introduced significant new levels of design complexity.30) VLIW chips can cost less , burn less power and achieve significantly higher performance than comparable RISC and CISC chips But there are always trade-offs. One is code expansion-programs grow larger , requiring more memory. Far more important , though , is that compilers must get smarter .A poor VLIW complier will have a much greater negative impact on performance than would a poor RISC or CISC compiler .31) VLIW isn’t a magic bullet , but it’s the new wave in microprocessor design .Within a few years , it’s certain that at least some of your software will be running on VLIW chips .单元3 电脑体系和微处理器3-1 电脑体系电脑体系，在电脑科技中，是一个依据整个或部分电脑结构的通用术语，这个术语也包含软件系统的设计，例如这个操作系统（控制电脑的程序），以及依据这个在电脑网络中连接主机的硬件和基本的软件的结合体。
信息工程专业术语(8)
信息工程专业术语(8)communication processing 通信处理communication processor 通信处理机communication protocol 通信协议communication region 通信区communication satellite 通信卫星communication system 通信系统communication task 通信任务communication task to task 任务间通信communication terminal 通信终端communication theory 通信理论communications computer 通信计算机communications interface 通信接口communications link 数据通道communications network 通信网络communications processor 通信处理机communications queue 通信等侍队列community antenna 共用天线commutation 换向compact disc read only memory 只读存贮型光盘compact disk 光盘compact disk read only memory 光盘只读存储器compact laser 小型激光器compaction 压缩compactness 紧致性comparand word 被比较字comparative value 比较值comparator 比较器comparator check 比较疲验comparator circuit 比较电路compare instruction 比较指令comparer 比较器comparing unit 比较器comparison operator 逻辑算子compatibility 兼容性compatibility mode 兼容方式compatible computer 兼容计算机compatible family 兼容系列compensated semiconductor 补偿半导体compensating action 补偿酌compensating feedback 补偿反馈compensating leads 补偿引线compensating magnet 补偿磁铁compensation 补偿compensation factor 补偿因数compensation method 补偿法competitive intelligence 竞争情报compilation 编译compilation order 编译次序compilation time 编译时间compilation unit 编译单元compile and execute 快速编译和运行compile and go 快速编译和运行compile phase 编译阶段compile time 编译时间compile time check 编译时检查compile time constant 编译时常数compile time diagnostics 编译时诊断compile time error 编译时错误compile time procedure 编译时程序compile time statement 编译时语句compile time variable 编译时变量compiled code 编译代码compiled language 已编译语言compiler 编译程序compiler compiler 编译程序的编译程序compiler diagnostics 编译程序的诊断程序compiler directing statement 编译指示语句compiler directive 编译指令compiler generation program 编译程序的生成器compiler generator 编译程序的生成器compiler level language 编译程序级语言compiler optimization 编译程序优化compiler options 编译程序任选项compiler toggles 编译程序任选项compiling 编译compiling phase 编译阶段compiling program 编译程序compiling routine 编译程序compiling time 编译时间complement code 补码complement gate 补码门电路complement number system 求补系统complement on b 1 反码complement on n n进制补码complement representation 补码表示complementary color 互补色complementary constant current logic 互补恒吝辑complementary mos 互补金属氧化物半导体complementary operation 求反运算complementary operator 求补运算符complementary output 双相输出complementary transistor logic 互补晶体管逻辑complementation 求补运算complementer 补码器complementing bits 补码位complementing flip flop 求反触发器complementing input 补码输入complete carry 完全进位complete failure 完全故障complete graph 完全图complete information 完整信息complete instruction set 完整指令集complete inversion 全反转complete operation 完整的运算complete routine 完整程序completeness 完整性completion code 完成代码complex automatic control system 复杂自动控制系统complex constant 复数型常数complex instruction set computer 复杂指令集计算机complex number 复数complex relocatable expression 复型浮动表达式complexity 复杂性component 元件component density 元件密度component parts 元件部分componentry 元件部分components list 元件表composite attribute 组合属性composite cable 复合电缆composite external symbol dictionary 综合成外部符号词典composite gate 复合门composite hypothesis 复合假设composite line 局内线路composite operator 组合算符composite probability 总概率composite transistor 复合晶体管compound action 复合酌compound command 复合命令compound control action 复合控制酌compound expression 复合表达式compound instruction 复合指令compound proposition 复合命题compound statement 复合语句comprehensive keyboard 综合键盘compression 压缩compressor 压缩机computability 可计算性computation 计算computation center 计算中心computation speed 计算速度computational algorithm 计算算法computational capabilities 计算能力computational costs 计算费用computational geometry 计算几何学computational linguistics 计算语言学computational modeling 计算模型computational problem 算题computational psychology 计算心理学computational resource 计算资源compute mode 计算方式computer 计算机computer aided design 计算机辅助设计computer aided design system 计算机辅助设计系统computer aided engineering 计算机辅助工程computer aided engineering system 计算机辅助工程系统computer aided instruction caicomputer aided manufacturing 计算机辅助制造computer aided programming 计算机辅助程序设计computer aided system 计算机辅助系统computer aided translation 计算机辅助翻译computer application 计算机应用computer architecture 计算机体系结构computer assisted instruction caicomputer code 机弃码computer conference 计算机会议computer conferencing 计算机网络computer configuration 机其置computer control 计算机控制computer controlled laser 计算机控制激光器computer cycle 机栖期computer dead time 计算机停机时间computer dependent language 面向计算机的语言computer development 计算机研制computer education 计算机教育computer facility 计算机设置computer fraud 计算机行骗computer function 计算机功能computer game 计算机博奕computer generation 计算机世代computer graphics 计算机图形学computer graphics metafile 计算机图形元文件computer hardware 计算机硬件computer independent language 机妻关的语言computer industry 计算机工业computer installation 计算机安装computer instruction 机祈误computer integrated manufacturing 计算机一体化制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机一体化制造系统computer language 计算机语言computer literacy 计算机文化computer logic 机七辑computer mail 计算机邮件computer managed instruction 计算机管理教学computer manager 计算机经理computer manufacturer 计算机厂家computer market 计算机市场computer micrographics 计算机微制图学computer model 计算机模型computer network 计算机网络computer networking 计算机连网computer operation 机瀑作computer operator 计算机操妆computer oriented language 与计算机相关的语言computer phobia 计算机恐怖症computer printout 计算机打印输出computer program 计算机程序computer programming 计算机程序设计computer run 计算机运行computer schedule 计算机等computer science 计算机科学computer security 计算机安全computer service 计算机服务computer service center 计算机服务中心computer simulation 计算机模拟computer simulator 计算机摸拟程序computer speed 计算机速度computer system 计算机系统computer technology 计算机技术computer time 计算机时间computer user 计算机用户computer virus 计算机病毒computer vision 计算机视觉computer word 计算机字computer zero 计算机零值computerization 计算机化computerized information 计算机化信息computing 计算computing center 计算中心computing device 计算装置computing element 计算元件computing error 运算差computing interval 计算期间computing machine 计算机computing mechanism 计算机构computing power 计算能力computing system 计算系统computing system rpq rpq计算系统computing time 计算时间concatenated data set 链接数据集concatenation 连接concatenation character 连接字符concentrator 集线器集中器concept 概念conceptual design 概念设计conceptual model 概念模型conceptual schema 概念模式concordance 重要语汇她concurrency 并行性concurrency conflict 并发冲突concurrency control 并行控制concurrency mode 并行方式concurrent 并发的concurrent computer 并行计算机concurrent execution 并行执行concurrent input/output 并行输入输出concurrent operation 并行操作concurrent process 并行进程concurrent processing 并行处理concurrent processor 并行处理机condensed deck 压缩卡片组condenser 电容器condensing program 压缩程序condensing routine 压缩程序condition code 条件码condition handler 条件处理程序condition mask 条件掩码condition name 条件名字condition name condition 条件名条件condition prefix 条件词头conditional 条件conditional assembly 条件汇编conditional branch 条件转移conditional branch instruction 条件转移指令conditional breakpoint 条件断点conditional breakpoint instruction 条件断点指令conditional code 条件码conditional compilation 条件编译conditional distribution 条件分布conditional expression 条件表达式conditional go to statement 条件转向语句conditional halt 条件停止conditional implication 条件隐含conditional instruction 条件指令conditional interrupt request 条件中断请求conditional jump 条件转移conditional jump instruction 条件转移指令conditional probability 条件概率conditional statement 如果语句conditional transfer 条件转移conditional transfer of control 控制的条件转移conditional variable 条件变量conditioned air 第的空气conditioned disjunction 条件或conducting paper 导电纸conduction 电导conduction electron 导电电子conductive ink 导电墨水conductivity 电导率conductor 导体conduit 波道conference on data system language 数据系统语言协会confidence interval 置信区间confidence probability 置信概率confidential data 机密数据configuration 配置configuration change 配置改变configuration section 配置节configuring 配置confirmation 确认confirmation signaling 确认信号conflict 冲突conflict resolution 冲突消解congestion 拥挤conjugate complex number 共轭复数conjunction 与运算conjunctive normal form 合取范式conjunctive query 合取查询conjunctive search 按与检索connect time 连接时间connected graph 连通图connecting cable 连接电缆connection box 电缆接线箱connection file 连接文件connection of components 元件连接connection plan 接线图connectionless operation 不连接操作connective 连接词connectivity 连接性connectivity matrix 连接矩阵connector 接插件connector assembly 接插件consecutive bytes 连续字节consecutive sequence computer 串行操灼算机consequent 后项consistency 一致性consistency check 一致性检验consistent compilation 一致编译console 控制台console command processor 控制台命令处理器console debugger 控制台蝶程序console desk 控制桌console file 控制台文件console function 控制台功能console keyboard 控制台键盘console mode 控制台方式console terminal 控制台终端console typewriter 控制台打字机constancy 恒定constant 常数constant area 常数区constant declaration 常数说明constant expression 常数表达式constant ratio code 恒比代码constant voltage regulator 电压稳定器constituent grammar 构成文法constrained optimization 约束优化constraint 约束construction 构造constructional design 结构设计constructive solid geometry 构造实体几何consulting model 咨询模型consumable resource 消耗性资源consumer process 用户进程contact 触点contact hole 接触孔contact pointer 接触指示器contamination 污染content addressable processor 联想处理机content addressed memory 联想存储器content addressed storage 联想存储器contention 竟争contention mode 争用状态contents directory 目录字典context 上下文关系context editing 上下文编辑context editor 上下文编辑程序context free grammar 上下文无关文法context free language 上下文无语言context name 上下文名context sensitive constraint 语义限制context sensitive grammar 上下文有关文法context switching 上下文转接contextual declaration 上下文说明contiguous area 相连区contiguous items 相连项continental code 国际电码continuation card 延续卡片continuation line 延续行continuous control 连续控制continuous control action 连续控制动作continuous control system 连续控制系统continuous duty 连续运行continuous file 连续文件continuous form 连续形式continuous function 连续函数continuous information 连续信息continuous operation 连续运算continuous paper 连续纸continuous process 连续过程continuous processing 连续处理continuous simulation 连续模拟continuous speech 连续语音continuous stationery 连续打印纸continuous variable 连续变量contrast 对比度control 控制control accuracy 控制准确度control action 控制酌control algorithm 控制算法control apparatus 控制装置control bit 控制位control block 控制块control break 控制改变control bus 控制总线control byte 控制字节control card 控制卡片control center 控制中心control change 控制改变control channel 控制通道control character 控制字符control circuit 控制电路control code 控制码control command 控制命令control computer 控制计算机control condition 控制条件control console 控制台control constant 控制常数control counter 控制计数器control criterion 控制准则control cycle 控制周期control data 控制数据control desk 控制面板control device 控制器control dictionary 控制词典control electronics 控制用电子学control element 控制元件control engineering 控制工程control error 控制差错control field 控制字段control flow 控制流control flow computer 控制疗算机control format item 控制格式项control function 控制操作控制功能control hole 标志孔control instruction 控制指令control interval 控制区间control key 控制键control knob 控制旋钮control lag 控制延迟control language 控制语言control level 控制级control line 控制线control logic 控制逻辑control loop 控制环control mark 控制标记control memory 控制存储器control mode 控制方式control module 控制模块control operation 控制操作control panel 控制板control pen 控制笔control performance 控制性能control point 控制点control program 控制程序control punch 穿标志孔control record 控制记录control register 控制寄存器control response 控制响应control routine 控制例程control section 控制段control sequence 控制序列control signal 控制信号control storage 控制存储器control stream 控制流control structure 控制结构control swing 第误差control system 控制系统control system dynamics 控制系统动力学control tape 控制带。
通信与信息工程专业英语
positive 阳性的、正的、正数 negative阴性的、负的、负数
0.1 科技英语的特点 features
0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words
专业词汇
Speciality vocabularies
diode 二极管 triode 三极(真空)管 transistor 晶体管、三极管 field-effect transistor 场效应晶体管（FET） amplifier 放大器 oscillator 振荡器 oscilloscope 示波器 oscillo- 波动 Ohm’s law 欧姆定律 radio 无线电、收音机 radar 雷达 laser 激光
0.1 科技英语的特点 features
科技英语与普通英语相比有自己的特点:
合成词： 词汇的特点： multimeter 万用表，interface 接口、界面 大量使用专业词汇、转意词汇；
较多使用词性转换adj→n,n→v,等等； code n.码 → v.→codec 编解码 code-decode 编码 GSM , GPRS , CDMA , GPS , CPU , USB , LCD 较多使用词缀、词根，甚至用词缀词根创造新词； variable adj.可变的，易变的→ n.变量 大量使用专业缩写词； coder-decoder →codec 编解码器 新专业词汇、缩写词不断出现。 multiple adj.多样的→ n.倍数 the least common ～ modulator-demolator→modem 调制解调器
differential ：微分
probability ：概率
difference ：差分
possibility ：可能性
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-12
noise in fingerprint images and deliver increased accuracy in
real-time.1
研发对于指纹图像中噪声更稳健 并能实时提供更高精度的算法是 重要的。
extraction algorithm relies heavily on the quality of the input fingerprint images.
18
7
In order to ensure that the performance of an automatic
fingerprint identification/verification system will be robust
with respect to the quality of the fingerprint images, it is
essential to incorporate a fingerprint enhancement algorithm in the minutiae extraction module.5
It is difficult to extract the minutiae points accurately when
the fingerprint is of low quality. Also this method does not
take into account the global pattern of ridges and furrows.
matching of the fingerprints. An input fingerprint is first
各专业英文翻译
哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy夕卜国哲学Foreig n Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Scie nee of Religio n科学技术哲学Philosophy of Scie nee and Tech no logy经济学Econo mics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Econo mic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Populatio n, Resources andEn vir onmen tal Econo mics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (i ncludi ng Taxatio n)金融学(含保险学) Finance (in clud ing In sura nee)产业经济学In dustrial Econo mics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Scie nee of Law法学理论Jurisprudenee法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprude nee民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)Civil Law and Commercial Law (in clud ing Scie nee of Labour Law and Scie nee of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Scienee of Procedure Laws经济法学Scienee of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Scienee of Environment and Natural Resources Protectio n Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、)Intern ati on al law (in clud ing Intern ati onal Public law,Intern ati onal Private Law and In ter nati onal Econo mic Law)军事法学Scienee of Military Law政治学Political Scie nee政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scie ntific Socialism and Intern ati onalCommunist Moveme nt中*史(含党的学说与党的建设)History of the Communist Party of Chi na(in cludi ng the Doctri ne of Chi na Party and Party Buildi ng)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Educatio n of Marxist Theory and Educatio n in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations夕卜交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学)Folklore (including Chinese FolkLiterature)民族学Eth nology民族学Eth nology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Eth nic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Educatio n教育学Educati on Scie nee教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teachi ng Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology 应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Scie nee of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Scienee of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Scienee体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Scienee of Ethnic Traditional Sports 文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Lin guistics and Applied Lin guistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Moder n and Con temporary Chin ese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chi nese Eth nic Lan guage and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature夕卜国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature 日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature 印度语言文学Indian Language andLiterature 西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature 阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature 欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature 亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature 夕卜国语言学及应用语言学Linguisticsand Applied Linguistics in Foreig n Lan guages 新闻传播学Journalism and Communication 新闻学Jour nalism 传播学Communi cati on 艺术学Art 艺术学Art Theory 音乐学Music 美术学Fi ne Arts 设计艺术学Artistic Design 戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera 电影学Film 广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art 舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History ofHistorical Scie nee考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学)Studies of HistoricalLiterature (in cludi ngPaleography and Studies of Dun hua ng)专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Moder n and Con temporary Chin ese History 世界史World History 理学Natural Scie nee数学Mathematics基础数学Fun dame ntal Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics 应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics 物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Con de nsed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学(含化学物理) Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography In formation System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric En vir onment海洋科学Marine Scie nces物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Mari ne Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学(含古人类学) Paleo ntology and Stratigraphy (in cludi ng Paleoa nthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Bota ny动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Gen etics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Scienee系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Scie nee and Tech no logy工学Engin eeri ng力学Mecha nics一般力学与力学基础Gen eral and Fun dame ntal Mecha nics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mecha nics工程力学Engin eeri ng Mecha nics机械制造及其自动化Mecha ni cal Manu facture and Automation 机械工程Mecha ni cal Engin eeri ng机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engin eeri ng仪器科学与技术In strume nt Scie nee and Tech no logy精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuri ng and Testi ng Tech no logies and In strume nts材料科学与工程Materials Scienee and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料^口工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engin eeri ng冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engin eeri ng and Engin eeri ng Thermophysics工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering 化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engin eeri ng电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automati on 高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and In sulati on Tech no logy 电力电子与电力传动Power Electr onics and Power Drives 电工理论与新技术Theory and New Tech no logy of Electrical Engin eeri ng电子科学与技术Electro nics Scie nee and Tech no logy物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectro nics and Solid StateElectro nics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and MicrowaveTech no logy信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Scienee and Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Tech no logy and Automatic Equipme nt控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering系统工程Systems Engin eeri ng模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigatio n, Guida nee and Co ntrol计算机科学与技术Computer Scie nee and Tech no logy计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计(含风景园林规划与设计) Urban Pla nning and Desig n (in clud ing Lan dscape Planning and Desig n)建筑技术科学Building Technology Scienee土木工程Civil Engin eeri ng岩土工程Geotech ni cal Engin eeri ng结构工程Structural Engin eeri ng市政工程Muni cipal Engin eeri ng供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, GasSupply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Preve ntion and ReductionEngin eeri ng and Protective Engin eeri ng桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engin eeri ng水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dyn amics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engin eer ing摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engin eeri ng and Tech no logy化学工程Chemical Engin eeri ng化学工艺Chemical Tech no logy生物化工Biochemical Engin eeri ng应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化In dustrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological 矿产普查与Engin eeri ng勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术Geodetecti on and In formatio n Tech no logy 地质工程Geological Engin eeri ng矿业工程Min eral Engin eeri ng采矿工程Mining Engin eeri ng矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Tech no logy and Engin eeri ng石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Scienee and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material a nd Textiles Desig n纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engin eeri ng服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light In dustry Tech no logy and Engin eeri ng 制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engin eeri ng发酵工程Ferme ntati on Engin eeri ng交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规戈U与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Desig n and Co nstruction of Naval Architecture and Ocea n Structure轮机工程Marine Engine Engin eeri ng水声工程Un derwater Acoustics Engin eeri ng航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Scienee and Tech no logy飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory andEngin eeri ng航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armame nt Scie nee and Tech no logy武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术Armame nt Launch Theory and Tech no logy火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun andAmmun iti on Engin eeri ng军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Scie nee and Tech no logy核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Scienee and Engineering 核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials 核技术及应用Nuclear Tech no logy and Applicati ons 辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection 农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological En viro nmental and En ergy Engin eeri ng农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification andAutomati on林业工程Forestry Engin eeri ng森林工程Forest Engin eeri ng木材科学与技术Wood Scie nee and Tech no logy林产化学^口工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Scienee and Engineering环境科学En viro nmen tal Scie nee环境工程En viro nmen tai Engin eeri ng生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Scienee and Engineering食品科学Food Seie nee粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engin eeri ng农产品加工及贮藏工程Processi ng and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processi ng and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Scie nee作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Scie nee农业资源利用学Utilization Scienee of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Scie nee植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Scie nee畜牧学Animal Scienee动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Scie nee动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Scienee草业科学Practaculture Scie nee特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等) The Reari ng of Special-type Econo micAn imals (in clud ing Silkworm, Hon eybees, etc.)兽医学Veteri nary Medic ine基础兽医学Basic Veter in ary Medici ne预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Cli nical Veter in ary Medici ne林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Con servation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Co nservation andDesertification Combating水产学Fisheries Scie nee水产养殖学Aquaculture Scienee捕捞学Fishi ng Scie nee渔业资源学Scienee of Fisheries Resources医学Medici ne基础医学Basic Medici ne人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human An atomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学Immuno logy病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Fore nsic Medici ne放射医学Radiatio n Medici ne航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学)Internal medicine (in cludi ng Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory,Gastroe nterology, En docri no logy and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, In fectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics 神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Men tal Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nurs ing外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学) Surgery (Gen eral Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, CardiothoracicSurgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gyn ecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学On cology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emerge ncy Medic ine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Scienee of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Scienee of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preve ntive Medic ine 流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics 劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupati onal and En vir onmen tal Health 营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolesce nt Health 卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chi nese Medic ine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Cli nical Fou ndation of Ch in ese Medic ine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine 方剂学Formulas of Chin ese Medici ne中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chi nese In ter nal Medici ne中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gyn ecology of Chi nese Medici ne中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of ChineseMedici ne针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medici ne民族医学Eth no medic ine中西医结合医学Ch in ese and Wester n In tegrative Medic ine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipli ne of Chi nese and WesternIn tegrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western In tegrative Medic ine药学Pharmaceutical Scie nee药物化学Medic in al Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacog nosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Scie nee of Chin ese Pharmacology军事学Military Scie nee军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Scie nee of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Scie nee of Operati ons联合战役学Joi nt Operation军种战役学(含第二炮兵战役学) Armed Service Operation (in cludi ng Operatio n of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Scie nee of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Scie nee of Comma nd作战指挥学Combat Comma nd军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligenee密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学(含军事体育学) Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Trai ning)军制学Scie nee of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Scienee of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Scie nee of Military Logistics and Military Equipme nt军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Man ageme nt Scie nee管理科学与工程Management Scienee and Engineering工商管理学Scie nee of Busin ess Admi nistratio n会计学Accounting企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学)Corporate Man ageme nt (in cludi ng Finan cial Man ageme nt, Marketi ng, and Huma n Resources Man ageme nt)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Tech no logy Economy and Man ageme nt农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics &Man ageme nt农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Scienee of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medici ne and Health 教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management 社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Scie nee of Library, I nformatio n and Archival Man ageme nt图书馆学Library Scie nee 情报学Information Science 档案学Archival Science。
大学专业英文翻译
建筑系：Architecture土木工程：Civil Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High V oltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and ReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, InfectiousDiseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine仪器科学与光电工程学院 School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering1、测控技术与仪器 Measurement & Control Technology and Instrument2、光信息科学与技术 Optic Information Science & Technology机械与汽车工程学院 School of Machinery and Automobile Engineering3、车辆工程 Vehicles Engineering4、工业工程 Industrial Engineering5、工业设计 Industry Design6、过程装备与控制工程 Process Equipment & Control Engineering7、机械设计制造及其自动化 Machine Design & Manufacture & Its Automation8、交通工程 Transportation Engineering9、热能与动力工程 Thermal Energy & Power Engineering材料科学与工程学院 School of Material Science and Engineering10、金属材料工程 Metal Materials Engineering11、材料物理 Materials Physics12、无机非金属材料工程 Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Engineering13、材料成型及控制工程 Material Forming & Control Engineering电气与自动化工程学院 School of Electric Engineering and Automation14、电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and Automation15、生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering16、自动化 Automation计算机与信息学院 School of Computer and Information17、计算机科学与技术 Computer Science & Technology18、电子信息工程 Electronic Information Engineering19、电子信息科学与技术 Electronic Information Science & Technology20、通信工程 Communications Engineering21、信息安全Information Security化学工程学院 School of Chemical Engineering22、高分子材料与工程 Macromolecule Material and Engineering23、化学工程与工艺 Chemical Engineering and Technics24、制药工程 Pharmacy Engineering25、应用化学 Applied Chemistry土木建筑工程学院 School of Civil Engineering26、给排水工程 Water Supply & Drainage Engineering27、工程力学 Engineering Mechanics28、水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering29、土木工程 Civil Engineering30、建筑环境与设备工程 Architectural Environment & Equipment Engineering 建筑与艺术学院 School of Architecture and Arts31、城市规划 Urban Planning32、建筑学 Architecture33、艺术设计 Artistic Design资源与环境学院 School of Resources and Environment34、地理信息系统 Geographic Information System35、环境工程 Environment Engineering36、勘查技术与工程 Exploration Technology & Engineering37、资源勘查工程 Resources Exploration Engineering理学院 School of Sciences38、电子科学与技术 Electronic Science & Technology39、数学与应用数学 Applied Mathematics40、微电子学 Microelectronics41、信息与计算科学 Science of Information & Computation42、应用物理学 Applied Physics管理学院 School of Management43、电子商务 Electronic Commerce44、会计学 Accounting45、工商管理 Business Management46、劳动与社会保障 Labour and Social Security47、信息管理与信息系统 Information Management & System48、旅游管理 Tourism Management49、市场营销 Marketing人文经济学院 School of Humanities and Economics50、财政学 Finance51、广告学 Advertisement52、国际经济与贸易 International Economy & Trade53、经济学 Economics54、思想政治教育 Education in Ideology and Politics55、英语 English56、法学 Law57、社会工作 Social Work生物与食品工程学院 School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering58、生物工程 Bioengineering59、生物技术 Biotechnology60、食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
变换到时域：
(6.2.12)
也可以写成：
注意如果分母多项式的各个系数为0，也就是说，ai=0(i=1,2,…,M)，D(z)=1，H(z)只含有分母多项式，H(z)=N(z)，那就是说，IIR滤波器为一个FIR滤波器：
(FIR) (6.2.13)
差分方程变为FIR滤波器的卷积方程：
滤波器为一个低通滤波器。高频分量衰减为低频分量的1/21。
或者用分贝表示为：
传递函数的框图实现方法不是唯一的。表示方法上各不相同、数学描述等效的传递函数可能得出不同的差分方程，这些差分方程可以用不同的框图或抽样处理算法来实现。例如：(6.2.1)式可以用部分分式展开为：
上式可以用并行算法来实现，也就是说可以视为两个传递函数之和：
Partial fraction expansion部分分式法
Denominator分母
Bandwidth带宽
Linearity线性
Delay properties延迟特性
Carrier载波
Carrier frequency载波频率
Carrier signal载波信号
Time-domain时域
Frequency-domain频域
Serier interconnection级联
Single-sideband单边带
Sinusoidal正弦
Spectrum频谱
由此可以得到：
其传递函数：
通过引入中间变量保存延时器的内容，即可得到上述框图的样值处理算法：
(6.2.6)、(6.2.7)两式可以用下列算法来替换:
写成算法形式就是：
(并行实现形式) (6.2.8)
其他的框图实现方法可以将I/O方程排列成不同的形式而得到。第三种实现方法是所谓的规范化形式(canonical form realization)。由z平面上的滤波器方程开始：
Filter滤波器
Impulse response脉冲响应
Convolution卷积
Transfer Functions转移函数
Pole pattern极点
Zero pattern零点
Bilinear双线性的
Bilinear transformation双线性变换
Causal LTI system因果时不变系统
quick sketch速写
unit circle单位圆
Absolutely intergrable绝对可积
Accumulator累加器
Conjugationproperty共轭性质
Conjugation symmetry共轭对称
Damped sinusoids阻尼正弦振荡
Damping ratio阻尼系数
冲激响应
I/O卷积方程
其中最重要的一种是传递函数H(z)。由传递函数我们可以很容易得出其它的描述方法。图6.1.1表明了几种等效描述之间的关系。之所以需要这样多种描述方法是因为它们提供了滤波器内在的含义，并且适用于不同的目的。
实际应用当中，我们是从给定的频率响应H(ω)开始的。然后通过滤波器设计方法，我们可以得到满足规定条件的传递函数H(z)。由H(z)我们可以推演出框图实现和相应的样值处理(sample-by-sample)算法。样值处理算法让我们清楚了解滤波器是怎样实时处理的。对于FIR滤波器，我们也可以先求冲激响应，然后可以采用基于卷积的块处理算法来实现滤波器的运行。
First-order discrete-time systems一阶离散时间系统
Highpass filter高通滤波器
Ideal bandstop characteristic理想带阻特征
Indenpendent variable独立变量
Impulse response冲激响应
Instegration in time-domain时域积分
同样我们可以设置中间状态变量w1(n)来保持延时器中的内容。这样的话，输入到延时器的内容为2x(n)+0.8y(n)，在延时器中被延时成为w1(n)。因此：
w1(n)=2x(n-1)+0.8y(n-1)
描述上述框图的完整I/O方程为：
y(n)=w1(n)+5x(n)
w1(n+1)=2x(n)+0.8y(n)
§6.2传递函数
下面用一个具体的例子来解释传递函数所起的中心作用以及它与其它几种表述方法的关联。
给定传递函数H(z)，我们可以很快得到：(a)冲激响应h(n)；(b)满足冲激响应的差分方程；（c）把输入和输出联系起来的I/O方程；(d)滤波器的框图实现；(e)样值处理算法；(f)零点/极点图；(g)频率响应H(ω)。反过来，(a)-(g)任意给定一种，也可以很快得到传递函数H(z)和其余的表达方式。
Rectangular form直角
Root-locus analysis轨迹分析法
Sampling采样
Sampling frequency采样频率
Sampling fuction采样函数
Sampling period采样周期
Sampling theorem采样定理
Scrambler扰频器
Second-order system二阶系统
(FIR I/O equation) (6.2.14)
FIR滤波器的实现方法在第四章介绍过。IIR滤波器的各种实现方法在第七章介绍。
专业名词术语或缩写
AM（Amplitude modulation）幅度调制
Digital Filters数字滤波器
z-transformsz变换
FIR（Finite Impulse Response）有限脉冲响应
上式也可以写成为：
两边取z反变换，得到I/O差分方程为：
式(6.2.3)是(6.2.4)的特殊情况，x(n)=δ(n)，y(n)=h(n)。如果从(6.2.4)式入手，我们可以通过相反的步骤得到传递函数H(z)。也就是说(6.2.4)式两变取z变换得到：
亦即：
一旦I/O方程确定后，我们可以用框图来实现。例如，(6.2.4)式可以用图6.2.1表示。
Discrete-time Fourier series离散时间傅立叶级数
Discrete-time Fourier pair离散时间傅立叶对数
DFT (Discrete-time Fourier transform)离散时间傅立叶变换
DS（Double-sideband modulation）双边带调制
根据等式：
其中α只能为实系数。我们可以得到频率响应:
其幅频响应可以借助于极点/零点图来画出：
在单位圆上旋转，靠近极点时H(ω)的幅值最大，凸峰（pole peaks）。靠近零点时幅值最小，凹陷(zero dips)。
当ω=0时， 最靠近极点z=0.8，该点为pole peak。当ω=π时， 最靠近零点z=-0.4，该点为zero dip。
为了得到稳定的冲激响应，我们取包含单位圆的那个收敛域。为了使稳定的h(n)为因果信号，H(z)的极点(D(z)的零点)必须严格位于单位圆以内。这样的话，H(z)的反变换收敛域将会在单位圆以外。
如上例所示，描述滤波器的I/O差分方程许多，但是数学上是等效的。每一个都可以由对应的框图和抽样处理算法。最简单的一种是直接形式(direct form)，我们可以按如下方法来获得：
信息工程 080001班 08000105 邱栌
译文：
INTRODUCTION TOSignalProcessing
6传递函数
§6.1数字滤波器的等效描述
借助于z变换，本章中我们将讨论几种描述FIR和IIR滤波器的等效数学方法，它们是：
传递函数
频率响应
框图实现和抽样处理算法
I/O差分方程
零点/极点图
Duality对偶性
Energy-density spectrum能量谱密度
Envelope detector包络检波器
Euler’s relation欧拉公式
FFT（Fast Fourier transform）快速傅立叶变换
First-order systems一阶系统
First-order contuinuous-time systems一阶连续时间系统
也可以表示为下述样值处理算法：
为了证明它表示的是同一个传递函数，我们可以将I/O方程变换到z域：
Y(z)=W1(z)+5X(z)
zW1(z)=2X(z)+0.8Y(z)
求解得到：
Y(z)=z-12X(z)+ z-10.8Y(z)+5X(z)
(1-0.8)Y(z)=(5+2z-1)X(z)
一旦给定了框图之后，我们就可以很方便的抽样处理算法转换成相应的软件或硬件。例如(6.2.9)示所描述可以用以下程序来实现：
为了证明这一点，我们将没有给定名称的所有信号依照约定加上名称。输出加法器有两个输入信号，一个直接来自输入乘法器，既-2.5x(n)。另一个记作中间变量w(n)。因此，输出加法器的方程为：
而w(n)可以看作是输入为x(n)的滤波器H2(z)的输出：
(6.2.6)、(6.2.7)两式共同表述了框图的时域运算。将这两个方程变换到z域，我们得到：
设有以下传递函数：
要得到冲激响应，我们可以用部分分使展开法将H(z)写成：
其中A0和A1为：
假定滤波器为因果性的，我们得到滤波器的冲激响应：
h(n)所满足的差分方程可以从H(z)求得。一般的做法是传递函数H(z)两边它同乘上分母多项式然后变换到时域。(6.2.1)式两变同时乘上分母得到：
两边求z反变换并利用线性系和延时性，我们得到h(n)的差分方程：
Cutoff frequencies截至频率
Demodulation解调