高考英语专题复习词汇学案(二)

2011届高考英语专题复习词汇学案（二）二、时间、天气与自然灾害【必会词汇】时刻：dawn, deadline, instant, moment, by the time, from now on, in time, on time 时段：age, century, decade, future, interval, period, stage; contemporary, permanent, temporary, forever, meanwhile, for a time/ while, for the time being频度：annual, daily, frequent, occasional, regular, monthly, weekly, yearly, occasionally, once, seldom, twice, at a time, at times, time and time again, now and then时序：final, former, previous, afterward(s), ago, eventually, ever, first, gradually, immediately, just, last, late, later, next, shortly, since, soon, then相关：介词: after, at, before, by, during, for, in, on, since, throughout, until, upon动词: last, pass, run, take连词: after, as, as soon as, before, hardly…when, no sooner… than, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while天气：寒冷天气：frost, ice, snow, wind, freeze, cold, freezing, snowy, windy, 温热天气：heat, warmth, clear, dry, fine, fresh, hot, mild, sunny, warm云雨天气：cloud, downpour, rain, rainbow, shower, storm, thunder, thunderstorm, lightning, pour, cloudy, cool, damp, rain, wet雾：fog, mist, foggy其他：climate, forecast, weather, changeable, terrible自然灾害：名称：earthquake, fire, flood, hurricane, volcano, typhoon,相关动词：blow, burn, burst, destroy, die, erupt, predict, rescue, ruin, shake, supply, survive其他：ash, damage, danger, death, disaster, nature, survival, victim, dangerous, muddy, natural天气(Weather) 相关话题天气与人类的生活息息相关，谈论天气，是老百姓最关注的话题之一。

在写作中weather 涉及的主要内容有：a. Describing weather ( sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, hot, warm, cold, cool, etc.) b. Understanding weather reports (conditions, temperature, rain, snow, wind, sun, cloud) c. Dressing for the weather (coat, hat, umbrella, raincoat, windbreaker, etc.) d. Extreme weather (storms, gales, hurricanes, etc.)1. 常见描述天气状况的词汇有：rainfall(降雨), snowfall(降雪), storm(暴风雨), sandstorm(沙尘暴 ), temperature(气温 ), bright, clear, fine, sunny, windy, cloudy, rainy, snowy, foggy(有雾的 ), cool, hot, dry, wet, warm, cold, chilly（寒冷的）, freezing, frost(霜冻)etc.2. 谈论天气常用的句型：1). Asking about the weather(询问天气情况)a). What’s the weather like today?/How is the weather today?/How is it today?今天的天气怎么样？b) How do you like our weather? 你知道我们这儿的天气怎么样？c). Is the weather always like this? 天气总是这样吗？d). Is it always as cold as this? 天气总是这样冷吗？e). How are the springs here? 这儿的春天怎么样？f). Does it snow very much here in December?g). What does the weather forecast say? 天气预报怎么说？h). What’s the temperature t oday? 今天的气温是多少？2). Commenting on the weather(评论天气)a). It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy… 天气晴/阴/有风/有雨/有雪/有雾……b). It’s getting cold/warm/hot/cool/dry/wet, etc. 天气正变冷/暖和/热/凉爽/干燥/潮湿c). It’s quite cool here in August.d). I hope it stays fine.e). A lovely day, isn’t it?/What a beautiful day!/What beautiful weather!f). It is boiling today. 今天天热的要命。

3．常用文体：涉及谈论天气常用的文体有：日记，游记，报道，介绍性说明文, 抒情短文，诗歌等，常用时态：一般现在时，完成时，一般将来时，将来进行时，一般过去时和过去完成时。

自然（Nature）有关话题此话题所涉及有关自然的知识，主题就是珍爱自然。

其具体内容： a. Plants (green plants, trees, bushes, grass, vegetables, crops, flowers, etc.) b. Animals (farm animals, wild animals, endangered animals, pets, etc.) c. The sun, the moon and the stars d. Describing land (cities, farms, hill, mountains, lakes, rivers, etc.) e. Volcano 写一篇报道新疆地震的短新闻，应包括以下主要内容：时间：2003年2月24日10：04 am 地点：新疆伽师—巴楚基本情况：强度6.8级，房屋倒塌，103所学校和16个卫生院受到破坏，水电供应中断，死亡268人，伤者2058人，许多人失去了家园，国家很快调拨救灾物资，帮助灾民，重建家园。

（词数100左右）Earthquake in XinjiangIt is reported by CCTY that a strong earthquake of magnitude 6.8 shook Jiashi—Bachu at 10:04 am on the early mo rning of Feb 24th , 2003. It is said to be China’s strongest earthquake in these years and has caused great damage. 103 schools and 16 hospitals have been destroyed. The electricity and water supply has been cut off. The death number has reached as much as 268, while 2058 persons have been wounded. Many people have become homeless. Immediately after the earthquake, the government allotted goods to help the people in the disaster area.【巩固练习】一、以下句子是描述的什么自然灾害？请将其名称写在句子前的横线上。

_______________ The lava flow destroyed three villages._______________ The floor was just bouncing and rolling like waves._______________ People had boarded up (用木板封住) shops and houses during the day before and stayed indoors._______________ People had to stay in the upper floors and sometimes on the roofs of their homes.5. _______________ 373,000 acres of forests had been burned and at least 390 homes had been destroyed.二、选出适当的词语，并用其正确的形式填空contemporary, temporary1. He was _____________ with the dramatist Congreve.2. I had seen an advertisement for a __________ job as a waiter in a smart restaurant. as, when, while3. We talked ________ we walked along.4. Mary made coffee __________ her guests were finishi ng their meal.5. Tom was about to close the window __________ his attention was caught by a bird. at a time, at times, by the time, for the time being, time and time again6. I’d rather talk to you one ________, if you don’t mind.7. _________you get this card, I’ll probably already be at your house.8. It can get extremely cold__________ in winter in North China.9. Could you use the old photocopier __________? The new one’s being repaired.10. I’ve told you ___________ not to leave that fridge door open! Don’t do that again!deadline, interval, period11. The factory will be closed down over a(n) ________of two years.12. Be sure to finish your task before the ____________.13. They’re grateful for this brief __________ of music as they go shopping. afterwards, previously, forever, from now on, temporary, formerly, meanwhile, shortly, permanent, now and then14. The Russian Federation was ___________known as the Soviet Union.15. Jim went to answer the phone. ________, Harry started to prepare lunch.16. May the friendship between the peoples of our two countries last ________.17. we had tea, and ___________we sat in the garden for a while.18. Mike is a _________lecturer for two weeks. The _________ one’s on leave.19. He passed through a difficult period ___________ after his marriage broke down.20. He was lying in hospita l with a broken leg. Two hours _________, he had been skiing.21. Every ___________, Henry would remember the strange dream he had had years before.22. I know I haven’t been working so hard recently, but _________ I promise to try harder, starting right here.since, till, whenever, after, as soon as23. __________ Jack ran up against difficulties, his family all gave him encouragement.24. Get off and walk back ________you come to some traffic lights.25. Three months ___________they moved out, the house was still empty.26. The exhibition will be opened _______everything is in order.27. ___________it began in 1951, we have given awards to films from all around the globe.destroy, burn, ruin, rescue, burst, pour, erupt28. He dived into the water and _______ the drowning boy.29. She returned home and found all her furniture had been _______ by the flood.30. The firefighter broke into the house and saved the children from the _________building.31. After ten days of rain the river ________its bank and flooded the valley.32. It can be very unpleasant in winter when it is cold and the rain is ________ down.33. The strong earthquake has __________ the transport and communication systems in that region.34. There are more than 500 active volcanoes, about fifty of which __________ each year.三、选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项1. A new __________bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. (2007 天津)A. normalB. usualC. regularD. common2. The doctor said I needed a(n)____________ of rest and relaxation, so I’m takinga three-month’s leave.A. ageB. timeC. periodD. while3. The performance________ nearly three hours, but few people left the theater early. (2008全国I)A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted4. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ______heard of her. (2006广东)A. evenB. everC. just D, never5. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______. (2008湖北)A. occasionallyB. anxiouslyC. practicallyD. urgently6. ---Shall we go out for a walk?---Sorry. This is not the right______ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. (2008江西)A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance7. When you turn on the TV set, clear pictures will ______appear on the screen. (2001 上海春)A. rapidlyB. hurriedlyC. latelyD. immediately8. In the good care of the nurses, the boy is ______ recovering from his heart operation. (2009浙江)A. quietlyB. graduallyC. practicallyD. actually9. There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _______ gave up. (2005上海)A. eventuallyB. unfortunatelyC. generouslyD. purposefully10. The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.A. beforeB. untilC. asD. since11. Drunk driving, which was once a ______ occurrence, is now under control. (2010福建)A. generalB. frequentC. normalD. particular12. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listener’s curiosity ______ her reaches the end of story. (2003 上海)A. whenB. unlessC. afterD. until13. Hardly had we begun our walk ________it began to rain.A. thanB. afterC. whenD. as14. We didn’t know what we should do _______ the money had gone.A. thatB. onceC. whileD. though15. _______the month of July these negotiations continued in a frigid(冷淡)atmosphere.A. AtB. UponC. ThroughoutD. Before16. We volunteered to collect money to help the ________ of the earthquake. (2000 上海)A. victimsB. folksC. fellowsD. villagers17. The weather here is usually _______, sometimes beyond one’s expectation.A. suitableB. availableC. adaptableD. changeable18. I took a walk in t he park and enjoyed the _______ air and sunshine.A. terribleB. freshC. cheerfulD. difficult19. When a tornado destroys a house, it doesn’t _______it down the way a hurricane does.A. blowB. pureC. burnD. put20. On a _______ morning the little girl was found ________ at the corner of the street.A. freezing; freezingB. freezing; frozenC. frozen; frozenD. frozen; freezing21. The Icelandic volcano eruption can cause severe _______ to jet engines and slight warming in the atmosphere.A. injuryB. woundC. damageD. ruin22. Near the southwestern corner, the ________ is mild and springlike in winter.A. atmosphereB. climateC. conditionD. environment23. We had to shelter under a big roof and waited until the _______ passed.A. showerB. fogC. snowD. cloud24. Although we’re suffering such a severe natural _______, we’ll eventually overcome the temporary difficulty as long as we don’t lose heart.A. disadvantageB. dangerC. problemD. disaster25. The nations that are actively involved in earthquake_______ programs include Japan, China, Russia, and the USA.A. identificationB. motivationC. predictionD. preparation26. It is reported that the government has _______ the survivors in the hurricane _______ food, clothes and medicine.A. supplied; toB. offered; withC. supplied; withD. offered; to27. The questionnaire takes ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview. (09湖北卷)A. mainlyB. punctuallyC. approximatelyD. precisely28. Drunk driving, which was once a occurrence, is now under control.（10福建卷）A. generalB. frequentC. normalD. particular29. I have been convinced that the print media are usually more _______ and more reliable than television.（10浙江卷）A. accurateB. ridiculousC. urgentD. shallow30. Do you think shopping online will _______ take the place of shopping in stores?（10浙江卷）A. especiallyB. frequentlyC. merelyD. finallyvolcano,earthquake,hurricane/ typhoon,flood,firecontemporary,temporary,as,while,when,at a time,By the time,at times,for the time being,time and time again,period,deadline,interval,formerly,Meanwhile,forever,aft erwards,temporary, permanentshortly,previously,now and then,from now on,Whenever,till,after,as soon as,Since,rescued,ruined,burning,burst,pouring,destroyed,eruptCCDBA ADBAA BDCBC ADBAB CBADC CCBAD。