第一单元商务翻译概论(DOC)

第一单元商务翻译概论商务翻译概论“商务”指商务工作人员所从事的商务活动和商务环节的总称；“英语”是进行此类商务活动时交流沟通的媒介。

从整体上来说，商务英语不仅包括英语语音、语法、词汇、语篇和跨文化知识等通用英语（English for General Purpose, EGP）所包含的基础知识，还包括与商务有关的国际货物贸易、国际服务贸易、国际技术贸易、国际投资融资、国际合作等商务知识，是一种专门用途英语（English for Special Purpose, ESP）。

（贺雪娟，2007：9）它是在商务活动环境中使用的功能性很强的专业英语。

本单元主要介绍商务英语的语言特征及商务翻译的有关标准。

商务翻译概论§PART ONE 认识商务英语及商务翻译Task I阅读下列商务英语的有关段落，体会商务英语（Business English）与通用英语（English for General Purposes）的区别。

【解析】商务英语与通用英语的本质区别在于其专门性，体现在词汇的专业性，语言的严谨性和简洁性，商务英语专门用于解决商务活动中出现的各种问题。

本部分参考译文如下：1. 通过对广告产业的规模、产业链、竞争对手和其他综合经济信息的深入分析，我们为客户提供有助于决策的重要信息，包括市场规模与市场发展、市场需求，PEST（政治、经济、社会和技术）分析、广告产业发展趋势分析，广告产业链评估和广告产业发展潜能评估。

2. The Buyer hereby entrusts the Seller to insure the goods against W.P.A. and T.P.N.D. for 110% of the invoice value. The insurance premium should be borne by the Buyer.3. The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the impo rts that they need and want. A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms, a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined income is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.2. 买方委托卖方按发票全额的110%投保水渍险和偷窃提货不着险，保险费由买方承担。

3. 世界各国从事的贸易千差万别，错综复杂，有形贸易和无形贸易并存。

大多数国家对出口的依赖，都大于对其他活动的依赖。

出口所赚取的外汇用来支付进口货物需要的费用。

一个国家的收支平衡就是这些错综复杂的交易记录。

通过用货币形式来反映所有这些交易，一个国家能够把比如出口、外国游客的花费和移民汇款的收入汇总在一起。

这些收入汇总起来，便可以支付诸如购买其他国家的制成品、本国居民到其他国家旅游和雇佣建筑工程师的费用等。

§PART TWO 商务翻译热身练习1. CBD2. WTO3. CIF4. FOB5. FDI6. Greenwich Mean Time格林尼治标准时间7. Consumer Price Index消费者价格指数8. Gross Domestic Product国内生产总值9. Bunker Surcharge燃油附加费（国内许多地方如出租车上的翻译“additional fuel fee”并非地道翻译）10. Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises外资独资企业Task II 把下列句子翻译成汉语。

1. We are sorry to inform you that your price has been found uncompetitive, but we are still interested in doing business with you if you can bring down your price to be in line with the international market price.我们很遗憾地通知贵方，你方价格无竞争力。

若贵方能将价格降至国际市场价格，我们仍对交易感兴趣。

2. After thorough investigation of the damages, we found out that the B/L showed that when the shipping company received the goods, they were in apparent good condition. The liability is certainly not on our side.经过对货物损害的全面调查，我方发现货运提单显示船公司收到货物时，外表良好。

因此，该损害我方并无责任。

3. A firm offer is a kind of offer which is made to a specific person or persons to express or imply a definite intention of the offeror to make a contract under a clear, complete and final trade terms.当发盘针对一个或几个特定的收盘人，明示或者暗示发盘人在明确、完整和最终的条件下订立合同的明确意图时，该盘为实盘。

4. As the marketplace becomes truly global, as barriers of distance, time, language and regulation diminish through the new communication technologies, the level of competition among market participants has never been higher.随着市场的真正全球化以及距离、时间、语言和法规等方面的障碍变得越来越小，市场参与者之间的竞争达到前所未有的激烈程度。

5. At Wal-mart, we understand how critical education is to the lives and well-being of all Americans. In 2009, Wal-mart and its Foundation gave more than $53 million to fund educational programs in communities across the country. Through our scholarship programs alone, the Wal-mart Foundation awarded more than $9 million in academic scholarships to help students afford higher education in the 2010-2011 school year. By supporting education, the Wal-mart Foundation ensures that the leaders of tomorrow have access to the quality education opportunities they need to be successful today.在沃尔玛，我们理解教育对全体美国人民的生活和幸福的重要性。

2009年，沃尔玛及其基金会拔出5 300万美元支持美国社区教育项目。

2010—2011学年，仅奖学金项目，沃尔玛基金会提供的学术奖学金超过900万美元，帮助学生支付高等教育学费。

通过支持教育，沃尔玛基金会确保明天的领袖今天能够得到未来获得成功的素质教育的机会。

§PART THREE 商务英语语言特点Task I阅读下列短语，体会其语言特点。

1. Clean bills of lading清洁提单：清洁提单是指没有在提单上对货物的表面状况作出货损或包装不良之类批注的提单，它表明承运人在接收或者装船时，该货物的表面状况良好。

2. Special drawing rights特别提款权：是国际货币基金组织创设的一种储备资产和记帐单位，亦称“纸黄金（Paper Gold）”。

它是基金组织分配给会员国的一种使用资金的权利。

会员国在发生国际收支逆差时，可用它向基金组织指定的其他会员国换取外汇，以偿付国际收支逆差或偿还基金组织的贷款，还可与黄金、自由兑换货币一样充当国际储备。

3. Shipping advice装运通知：装运通知是由卖方向买方发出的货物已经于某年某月某日装船的书面通知。

4. Shipping instructions装运须知：装运须知是买方就货物装运的具体要求向卖方发出的书面通知。

5. Marketing mix营销组合：该概念由Neil Bordon提出，指企业根据顾客的需求和企业的营销目标来确定可控营销因素的最佳组合。

理查德·克莱维持教授把营销组合要素归纳为产品、订价、渠道、促销四大要素。

Task II 阅读下列句子，从语言规范方面讨论商务英语的语言特点。

1. In witness whereof, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed by their respective representatives on the date of January 1, 2010.2. This simply means that the company continues indefinitely, that the death or withdrawal ofa shareholder does not terminate the company existence, and that a shareholder does not have the power to compel or force dissolution.3. Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants through exchange. Exchange is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return. Exchange is only one of many ways people can obtain a desired object.4. As prices continue to rise and consumers search for affordable ways to sustain the transitional economy, nearly 80 percent of U.S. households are shopping at Wal-Mart. Consumers across various income brackets are now taking advantage of Wal-Mart’s one-stop shopping convenience to purchase a wide assortment of consumer packaged goods at low prices.5. At your request, we have effected insurance on this consignment against All Risks and War Risk for US $ 1 million on June 1, 2010.【解析】商务英语具有规范化特征，语言统一、客观，准确传递作者意图，规范性还体现在语言的正式性和合理性。