2019高考英语阅读理解(现代科技)(含解析)
2019高考英语阅读理解(现代科技)(含解析)
（现代科技）李仕才【话题导读】灯柱伞是一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱，这样人们在忘记带雨伞时就不会挨淋了。
LampbrellaYou can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. ①But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.The designer says he ②come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street ad saw the street lamps ③lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.” he said.The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella ④on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers p edestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.⑤In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on my street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.灯柱伞你不会每次都预测到大雨到来或者记得带上雨伞。
(高中英语2019版) 阅读理解(现代科技)(含解析)(含答案)
（现代科技）李仕才【话题导读】灯柱伞是一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱，这样人们在忘记带雨伞时就不会挨淋了。
LampbrellaYou can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. ①But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.The designer says he ②come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street ad saw the street lamps ③lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”he said.The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella ④on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers p edestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.⑤In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on my street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies toprovide shelter.灯柱伞你不会每次都预测到大雨到来或者记得带上雨伞。
2019高考英语试题分项版解析 专题16 科普类说明文(含解析)
专题16 科普类说明文2019高考题D【2019·全国I】We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。
高考英语阅读理解复习-科技类20篇(含解析)
科技类词汇对应阅读passage1A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than100ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become"projects"with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past60years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says，"It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave."Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs，while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest."Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，"says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory."Technology is a tall tree，"John Fernald said."But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by manyyears."As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？A．To present the process of group discussion.B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.（2）What can we learn from the passage？A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is.A．supportiveB．cautiousC．uncertainD．critical（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？A．It will focus on innovation.B．It will have its outcome soon.C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.【分析】这是一篇说明文。
2019高考英语阅读理解细节理解试题答案及解释
2019高考英语阅读理解细节理解试题答案及解释1、 A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-growing industry,urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago ,the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime,The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-borm threat. When this takes place,especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply panies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form emments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don't wants a data oconomy bya few giants, they must act soon.1.Why is there a call to break up giants?A.They have controlled the data marketB.They collect enormous private dataC.They no longer provide free servicesD.They dismissed some new-born giants2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A.Data giants’ technology is very expensiveB.Google’s idea is popular among data firmsC.Data can strengthen giants’ cont rolling positionD.Data can be turned into new services or products3.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could .A.kill a new threatB.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firmsD.charge higher prices4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.ernments could relieve their financial pressure.C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.D.Small companies could get more opportunities.2 、El Nino, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerfulNiños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1.What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________.A.more investment should go to risk reductionernments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Niño deserve more compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Niño and its origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Niño.C.To show ways of fighting against El Niño.D.To urge people to prepare for El Niño.3、 While WeChat is China's biggest mobile messaging app (应用软件),there are many equivalent(相当的) apps in other countries that offer similar features(特征).WhatsApp (US)Users: more than 300 millionPlatforms: Android, 10S, Windows Phone, BlackBerryFeatures:Text chat, push-to-talk, file sharing, location sharingWith more than 300 million active users, WhatsApp is one of WeChat's biggest competitors. Developed by two ex-Yahoo! employees in 2009, WhatsApp originally focused on text chat, but onAug6 it also started push - to - talk service. It's noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements. The service is free for the first year, after which $0.99 (6.06 yuan) is charged for one-year subscription.Kakao Talk (South Korea)Users: more than 100 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and Bada (an operateing system developed by Samsung) Features: Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, group calls, file sharingWith more than 100 million users in more than 230 countries, Kakao Talk is a multi - platform ( 多平台) texting application that allows users to send and receive messages for free. With Kakao Talk, users can message each other one-on one or in group chats with unlimited numbers of friends. You can also choose from more than 250 animated emoticons (表情符号) and share them with friends.Line (Japan)Users: more than 200 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and PCFeatures:Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, file sharing, location sharing, gaming, stickers.Line tops the list of the most downloaded free apps in 52 countries. Apart from text and voice messaging, Line provides its users with more than 250 original stickers and emoticons to buy from its own shop. In the first quarter of 2013 alone. it made $ ,7 million just from stickers. The popular app also allows friends to battle each other in the LINE Game.1.The first paragraph of the passage is used to _______.A.introduce the most popular mobile messaging apps in ChinaB.talk about new features in the latest mobile messaging appsC.draw readers' attention to various popular mobile messaging appsD.explain how mobile messaging apps have become so popularpared with the other two apps, which of the following features makes Line stand out?A.Group mobile games.B.Free stickers and emoticons.C.Free download of the app.D.Text and group chat.3.One of the popular features of WhatsApp is that users_______.A.can send and receive messages for freeB.can enjoy live video chats within groupsC.don't need to worry about unwanted adsD.regularly set free stickers and emoticons4、During the past Spring Festival, many children may have received red packets from their families. But Xing Pu, a 40-year-old economist, is asking the government to give red packets to every Chinese citizen.Xing suggested the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese since the government income has increased rapidly in recent years. He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the country’s economic success, help the lower-income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费)around the country.Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of pro-poor(扶贫)and pro-rural(惠农)policies(政策),including increasing spending on public health-care and cutting down the agricultural tax. But thelower-income group still needs more help.Xing said he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like theUnited StatesandSingapore. Earlier this year, the governments of the two nations offered cash handouts(救济)to their citizens. As for inChina, “We can even encourage the rich to donate their 1,000 yuan red packet to the poor,” said Xing.Although Xing’s suggestion has gained wide support among ordinary Chinese on the Internet, many other economists criticized it as unpractica l. “To better use the increase of money, handing out money is not a solution that holds good for all time. It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life,” said Qiao Xinsheng, an economic professor.1.Xing Pu suggested that the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese because ________.A.the poor should get help from the richB.the government should help the richC.the growing economic pie should be shared among the peopleD.the government doesn’t know ho w to use the money2.What has the government done to help the lower-income group?A.Spending less on public health care.B.Increasing the agricultural tax.C.Handing out money to every Chinese.D.Carrying out pro-poor and pro-rural policies.3.Xing Pu’s id eas of giving red packets to every Chinese citizen mainly came from ________.A.children receiving red packets from their familiesB.the US andSingaporegovernments offering cash handouts to their citizensC.the government’s increasing spending on public he alth careD.the rising prices in the country4.According to Qiao Xinsheng, what is better than giving out money?A.Supplying food to everyone every day.B.Cutting the price of energy use in daily life.C.Controlling the rising of prices.D.Increasing the government income.5、Rock music in one form or another is the most popular type of music all over the world. But where did it come from?Rock began in the USA in the early 1950s. At that time, “rhythm and blue” music was very popular with black Ame ricans. “R&B” was a mixture of black religious music and jazz. It had strong rhythms that you could dance to and simple, fast words.Noticing the success of R&B music, white musicians started to copy the same style. By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock ’n’ roll, had become very popular. Singers like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley attracted millions of teenage fans. Their music was fast and loud. Many older people thought that rock ’n’ roll was very dangerous.By the early 1960s, eve n rock ’n’ roll had become old-fashioned. Many of the songs had begun to sound the same. It was at that time that a new group from England became popular — the Beatles.The Beatles first started by singing American style songs, but they soon developed their own style, with more complicated tunes. They also introduced different instruments. Groups like the Beatles had a very important influence on the style of popular music.By the early 1970s, rock ’n’ roll had developed into a new form of music. El ectronics had replaced the amplified guitars and drums of rock ’n’ roll. “Rock” had arrived.Rock music had continued to change and develop. It had combined with music from different parts of the world. Today, there are hundreds of different types of rock music, and almost every country has its own form of rock.1.When had rock ’n’ roll become very popular?A.By the mid-1950s.B.By the early 1960s.C.By the mid-1960s.D.By the early 1970s.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Beatles?A.It was not an American group.B.This group had their own style.C.This group made American style songs popular.D.The style of popular music had been influenced by this group.3.It can be inferred from the passage that Elvis Presley and Bill Haley________.A.were singers of “R&B”B.were singers in the mid-1950sC.were members of the BeatlesD.were popular with old people4.What's the best title of the passage?A.Popular MusicB.The History of Rock MusicC.Different Forms of Music in AmericaD.The Beatles6、I was reading these interesting stories behind a group of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my favorite one—it’s so simple. And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things. McDonald’s, Apple, Mercedes Benz and Adidas own great logos as well, and they are among my favorites.NikeIn the Greek myth, Nike is the goddess of victory and the source of inspiration for soldiers. This logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek goddess. Nike’s log o was designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $ 35, and was registered as a trademark in 1995.McDonald’sThe logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler to resemble the arch shaped (拱形的) signs on the side of the company’s then walk-up hamburger stand. Later on, the two golden arches were combined together to form the M. The McDonald’s name was added to the logo in 1968.AppleThere are different stories behind Apple’s logo. The first logo was a reference to the religious story of Adam and Eve, in which the apple represented the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. One year later, the second logo was designed in 1977 by Steven Jobs and Ronald Wayne, and it described Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. This logo didn’t stay long. One year later it was replaced almost immediately by graphic designer Rob Janoff’s “rainbow apple”, a rainbow-colored silhouette (轮廓) of an apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbow-colored apple was replaced by the one-colored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.Mercedes BenzThe Mercedes Benz logo, which was originally created by Gottlieb Daimler in 1909, consists of a simple description of a three- pointed star that represents its rule of the land, the sea and the air. The company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Mercedes is the name of Maybach’s elder daughter, while Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz, Cie. and DMG in 1926.1.What does the author think of the stories of the great logos?A.They are boring.B.They are attractiveC.They are out of date.D.They are practical2.What does Nike’s logo stand for?A.The goddess of victoryB.The source of inspiration for soldiersC.The wing of the Greek goddessD.The statue of the Greek goddess3.We can le arn that Apple’s present logo is______.A.the religious story of Adam and EveB.Newton’s sitting under an apple treeC.a bitten apple with only one colorD.the rainbow-colored bitten apple4.Which of the following time orders describes the births of the great logos?A.Nike –McDonald’s – Apple – Mercedes Benz.B.Mercedes Benz –McDonald’s – Nike – Apple.C.Mercedes Benz – Apple – Nike –McDonald’s.D.Nike –Mercedes Benz –McDonald’s – Apple.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D解析：1.推理判断题,根据第二段第一句中的“Such situation"可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场, 故答案为A项。
2019高考全国1卷英语试题及答案解析
全国卷一英语答案解析A【文章大意】本文提供了学生们在假期可以参与的几个项目，以增加他们的工作经验。
B 【解析：根据文中“Summer Holiday”部分中“run their own summer business”可知选B。
其他三项均未提及。
】D【解析：根据文中“Stewardship Youth Ranger Program”部分中第二段“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire.”可知选D。
】D【解析：由题干提取关键词语“the disabled”，根据最后“Summer Employment Opportunities （机会）”中最后一词“disability”可知选D。
】B【文章大意】本文通过Chris从不敢发言到当众演讲的转变，引出了Whaley为了激发孩子们自信心而设计的教学方法。
B【解析：根据第二段段首“But he’s nervous,”可知答案在此句前后。
由第一段末尾“public speaking”可知选B。
】A【解析：A意为不必要的停顿；B意为高傲无礼；C意为拼写错误；D意为无聊、愚蠢的笑话。
由于文章背景为“speech day”，Chris正在做演讲，且前文提到他因过于紧张而支支吾吾，所以选A。
】A【解析：根据文章第五段可知，Whaley从一次和学生的互动中感受到学生们对自己并没有信心。
从而产生“want these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves”的想法，故选A。
易误选B，但由该段“more than just learning to read and speak in public”可排除。
】C【解析：由第四段“a great teacher to lets you make mistakes”和第五段Whaley对学生们缺乏自信感到担忧并设法帮助他们正视自己。
】C【文章大意】本文对于新兴的生物测量技术进行了简单介绍。
(完整word版)2019届高考英语阅读理解：科普类说明文--有解析.doc
1科教科普类1、Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strengthof their toxicity( 毒性 ). However,of almost 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless andinteresting.Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large tothe tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped.Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies( 策略) they use for feeding.Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to comealong before grabbing it. Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking forfood and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spiders evolvenew ways of catching food which couldn’ t be chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose.Most spiders feed on insects and other arthropods but the Whistling Spider feeds on frogs andsmall birds. The Golden Orb Spider also feeds on small birds.A spider periodically sheds( 蜕皮 ;脱落 ) its skin so that it can grow. Immature stages are called moults. Each species has a particular number of moults that it will go through before reaching itsfinal adult stage.Usually, once male spiders have mated, they die shortly after. But, even in death, Redbackmales often serve a purpose. The already pregnant Redback females always kill their lover and,in most cases, also eat them. This provides them with a small reproductive advantage.Allowing spiders to take up places around houses can be beneficial in that they catchother annoying insects such as mosquitoes and flies.Rest assured that while you might see some large spiders, and perhaps even some poisonousones, a good rule is to look and admire but don't touch any spider you find. Even those withoutpoison could still have a nasty bite.1.Different families of spiders are identified themselves by ______.A.their physical characterB.their ways of getting foodC.the strength of their toxicityD.their effect on the environment1A.Spiders that chase down insects for food.B.Spiders that wait for the insects to come along.C.Spiders that can weave webs to catch flying insects.D.Spiders that actively go out to look for insects as food.3.If a spider stays on the wall of your house, you______. ’ d betterA.kill itB.feed itC.let it beD.chase it out4.What is the passage mainly talking about?A.A brief introduction of spiders.B.The evolution process of spiders.C.Living harmoniously with spiders.D.The living and feeing habits of spiders.2、Many people believe that you lose the ability to learn new languages as you get older.Language experts,however,will tell you that you’ re never too old to learn a new language. As youget older, it can be more difficult to learn a new language,though.Children and adults learn new languages in different ways. For children, language is their life.They study for thousands of hours every year. Because they need to learn language to became partof their communities.Adults,on the other hand,are already part of a language community. Learninga new language means becoming part of another language community,and adults rarely get thechance to practice as much as young children do.Moreover.children leaning a new language are expected to make mistakes. This gives themfreedom when learning to be daring and confident Adults,however,often feel pressured to beperfect when learning a new language.This can discourage many people and make it even harderto learn a new language.When young children learn a new language,they come to see various languages as a“ normal”part of society.This mindset( 思维模式 ) helps them embrace learning a new language withoutSo if you want to learn a new language,go f or it! It’ s never too late to learn a new language. If you're older,it may take more work,but it can be done.If you're a young child,though,now is thetime to step out and learn a new language!1.By“ Language is their life” ,the author means that children.A.can't live without languageB.lead a happy life every dayC.practice a new language a lotD.are taken good care of adults2.What may make it hard for the old people to learn a new language!A.They are afraid of being laughed at.B.They usually have too many interests.C.They think making mistakes is natural.D.They always make all kinds of mistakes.3.Which of the following shows the difference between children and adults in learning newlanguage?A.The behaviors they have.B.The learning attitudes.C.The future plans they have made.D.The materials they are using.4.According to the author,a new language.A.can never be learned by the old peopleB.can be grasped by the people easilyC.can be understood only by the old peopleD.can learned by both the old and the young3、 Kids and teens are often dismissive of praise from their parents. I am sure that parents outthere can relate to this, as we all have been told at one time or another by one or several of ourkids,“ Stop it, Mom’’. or even,“ You’ re just saying that because you are my parents and you have to say that. " I can assure you, though, that they are listening. They will probably not thank you forthis praise until they are in their twenties, but don't let that stop you from praising them duringtheir childhood and teen years. Just be careful how you praise them. A little praise may go a long way —especially if it is the right kind of praise.It appears that the way to go is to praise their efforts according to a study by Brummelman, of Utrecht University in the Netherlands and colleagues. These researchers concluded that kids should be praised primarily for their efforts, rather than for their personal characteristics, becauseif they are praised for effort, then a poor performance is more likely to be seen as a glitch( 小故障 ), rather than a valid reflection of who they are as individuals.Let ’ s think about this together. If you are a teenager or a child of any age and are constantlytold how brilliant you are, then when you do poorly on a test or a few tests, you may feel like you have suddenly lost your status as brilliant and may now feel ashamed that you are merely averageor even dumb. If you are a girl who is constantly being told how beautiful you are, then on a day when you don’t look or feel so good, you may decide that you are unattractive. This is the problem that develops when we are praising our kids for global personality characteristics that theycan't always live up to.1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is the right kind of praise?A.You are a great artist.B.You are very intelligent.C.Wow, you have a special gift for music.D.Your painting has indeed improved due to your efforts.2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.All the children should be praised.B.There ’ s no need to praise kids and teens.C.Praise should be beyond children’ s expectations.D.Teens often pay no attention to their parents’ praise.3.The underlined word“ dumb” in theagraphlastparcan be replaced by _________.A.stupidB.uniqueC.curiousD.honestA.why to praise kids and teensB.how to praise kids and teensC.different ways to praise kids and teensD.the importance of praising kids4、 Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found thatreading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect onthe mind, catches the reader’ s attentionriggersandmoments of self-examination.Using a special machine, they monitored the brain activity of 30 volunteers as they read worksby William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T.S. Eliot and others.In the first part of the research, the brain activity of 30 volunteers was monitored as they readpassages from Shakespeare’ s plays, including King Lear, Othello, Coriolanus and Macbeth, andagain as they read the text rewritten in a simpler form or modern language.While reading the common texts, normal levels of electrical activity were shown in their brains.When they read the works of Shakespeare, however, the levels of activity jumped because ofhis use of words which were unfamiliar to them. The result of the test showed that the morechallenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than thecommon ones.Scientists went on to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and recorded how itlit up as the readers came across unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentences in theclassical works. As a result, this lightening up process of the mind lasted longer than that whenvolunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.The research also found that reading poetry especially increases activity in the righthemisphere(半球 ) of the brain, an area connected with“ autobiographical memory” , driving the readers to think carefully about their own experiences based on what they have read. Theacademics said this meant the classical works of literature are more useful than self-help books.Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study in the university’ s mag resonance center, announced this week:“ Classical literature acts-boosterlikearockettothe brain,which provides extra power for the brain. You may never imagine how powerful it is. Theresearch shows such kind of literature can create new thoughts and connections in the young andthe old.”1.The underlined word“ trigger” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to“ ______”.A.depends onB.picks upC.sets offD.changes into2.Which of the following is NOT true about reading classical literature?A.It makes readers ’ brain more active than reading common texts.B.It makes readers ’ electrical activity of brain return to normal.C.It ’ s helpful for readers to come up with new ideas.D.It ’ s an activity that is suitable for people of all ages.3.From the research, we can learn that ______.A.the readers prefer Shakespeare ’ s works to the other writers ’ worksB.the words of classical works make it hard for volunteers to read furtherC.reading classical works produces a good and long-lasting effect on the mindD.poetry increases left-brain activity more than other literary forms4.What does the author mainly tell us in this passage?A.Shakespeare plays’s deserve to be read.mon books are unpopular anymore.C.Poetry is best for developing people ’ s brain.D.Classical works help the brain develop better.5、 Do parents have a constitutional right to homeschool their children? No, according to aCalifornia District Court judge, who recently ruled that a child must be schooled "by a personholding a valid state teaching credential ( 文凭 )for the grade being ta ught ”.What started as a Los Angeles County child welfare case involving one specific family hasgone into proceedings ( 诉讼 ) that have actually put on trial the very nature of what constitutes asound education.“ For decades we’ ve been happily ling,homeschooandthen this comes upgiven homeschooling parents the freedom to choose the kind of education they want for theirchild.This particular family in Los Angeles had enrolled their children in a private schoolindependent study program not in their home. In response to abuse charges against the family, thechildren were enrolled in public schools. The parents stated they had a constitutional right tohomeschool on religious grounds; that's when the court ruling was issued. However, Griffith saysif the ruling ends up affecting anyone, it will mainly be those who also enroll their children inoff- site homeschooling.“ This won't-reachingbefar for homeschooling parents."That's how organizations like the Homeschool Association of California (HSC) would like tokeep it, anyway, and they've hired a team of lawyers to limit the impact of the case. Griffith saysthe legal team for HSC is trying to establish that while this ruling may indeed be necessary for thisparticular family, it should not set a precedent( 先例 ) for all.What does this case really mean for homeschooling families nationwide? According to DarrenA. Jones, this decision is certain to affect homeschooling on a national scale. Jones claims that it iscommon for state courts to look to other states’ rulings for assistance in deciding issues where no precedent exists.“ A poor legal decision in California could become part of a trend acrosse thnation.’’1.In Griffith’ s opinion, ________.A.parents don’ t have a right to homeschool their childrenB.a child must be schooled by an expert with a credentialC.homeschooling should be forbidden in the whole countryD.it is understandable for parents to homeschool their children2.The underlined word“ this” in Para. 2 refers to the fact that.A.parents happily homeschool their childrenB.parents don’ t have a right to homeschool their childrenC.a child must be schooled by a person with a teaching credentialD.a Los Angeles County child welfare case involves a special family3.Why were the particular family’ s children enrolled in public schools?A.To avoid the abuse charges against them.C.To break away from their parents.D.To cooperate with the expert’ s jobs.4.What ’ s the author’ s attitude towards whether parents have a right to homeschool their children?A.Supportive.B.Sympatric.C.Negative.D.Objective.6、Summer shouldn't mean taking a break from learning, especially reading. Studies show thatmost students experience a loss of reading skills over the summer months, but children whocontinue to read actually gain skills. So efforts should be made during the summer to helpchildren keep reading skills, practice reading and read for enjoyment.Parents should remember that children need free time in the summer to relax and enjoy thepleasures of childhood. So summer reading should be fun. Following are a few tips to makereading enjoyable for your children this summer:Read aloud together with your child every day.Make it fun by reading outdoors on the front steps, patio, at the beach or park. Also, let yourchildren read to you.Set a good example!Keep lots of reading material around the house. Turn off the TV and have each person readhis or her book, including Mom and Dad.Read the same book your child is reading and discuss it.This is the way to develop habits of the mind and build capacity(能力) for thought and insight.Let kids choose what they want to read, and don turn your nose’upt at popular fiction. It willonly discourage the reading habit.Subscribe, in your child’ s name, to magazines.Encourage older children to read the newspaper and current events magazines, to keep up the reading habit over the summer and develop vocabulary. Ask them what they think about whatthey ’ ve read, and listen to what they say.1.Parents must help children read during the summer because ________.A.the summer holiday is too long a time for themB.reading is a kind of relaxation for childrenC.some of the reading skills may be lost if they stop readingD.children can enjoy the pleasure of childhood2.What does the underlined phrase "turn your nose up at” probably mean?A.Get interested in.B.Show one ’ s dislike for.C.Think highly of.D.Lose interest in.3.In oder to build children's capacity for thought and insight, parents should ______.A.subscribe to magazines in the child’ s nameB.read the same book the child is reading and discuss itC.let children choose what they want to readD.turn off the TV4.What does the passage mainly tell about?A.Some summer reading tips for parents.B.Some useful advice on reading for children.C.What kinds of books to read in summer.D.How to teach children to read.7、 Have you got the information taught by your teacher in class? Have you understood what you saw on the screen? Maybe everyone has their own learning style.Generally speaking, we gather information with our minds and bodies in different ways, such as seeing, hearing and doing. Then our brains deals with that information, organizing it and connecting it to things we are already aware of. In other words, our brains will deal with the information in different ways. Sometimes we think in pictures or words. Sometimes we remember details or the big pictures.For different people, their learning styles are different too. One person may find it hard to make out the information in written forms but easy to know it immediately in an oral description. However, another person might find difficulties with the picture but the written message.Now scientists say there exist seven basic learning styles.·Linguistic: These people learn through listening, reading, speaking and writing.·Logical: These people learn with formula (公式) and principles (原理).·Visual: These people learn by seeing what they are studying.·Musical: These people learn well when information is presented through music.·Kinesthetic: These people learn from movement and physical activities.·Intrapersonal: These people learn best by linking new information directly with their own experiences.·Interpersonal: These people learn well by working with others.Therefore, if you know what learning style is your strength, you can balance your weakness, and get a more successful learning experience.1.From the passage, we know that our brains ______.A.deal with the information in different waysB.send out the information in the same wayanize information with our bodiesD.gather information in the same way2.A visual learner usually learns _____.A.through listening and speakingB.by seeing what he is learningC.from movement and physical activitiesD.by linking new information with his experience3.A musical learner will find it easy to learn ______.A.with formulas and principlesB.by working with othersC.through reading and writingD.through music he hearsA.learn more successfullyB.gather more informationC.understand more quicklyD.exchange information better8、 In 2015 a paper published in a science magazine reported on the personality types of peopleliving in various London districts. Extroverts ( 外向的人 ), the researchers who wrote it haddiscovered, favored Richmond. Those who were most open to experience gathered in Hackney.People in Barnet scored lower than average on emotional stability.What this study did not address was whether someone’ s home range reflects their personality traits or imposes them. In other words, is what is going on“ nature培育”)? orHowever,“nurture” (in a piece of research just published, Dr. Holtmann of Otago University, in New Zealand, and hiscolleagues have filled that gap — at least, they have filled it for dunnocks.The dunnock is a European bird. It has, though, been introduced to New Zealand and itspopulation has boomed there. It is a well-studied species, and, in particular, some beingmeasurably bolder (更大胆的 ) and more tolerant of potential threats, such as nearby humanbeings, than others. The team’ s research area was the Botanic Garden in Dunedin. This is open tothe public, but some areas are more frequented by visitors than others. Dunnocks have smallterritories, so it was possible to measure the amount of human disturbance in a given territory withreasonable precision. And, by wrapping each of the dunnocks in the garden with colour-codedbands it was possible to identify individuals by sight. Altogether, the researchers looked at 99 ofthem.They worked out a bird’ s level of threat tolerance by the simple method of walking towards it,and then measuring how close one could get before the bird flew away. They did this several times foreach bird every breeding season, and repeated the process over the course of three seasons.A particular bird’ s flight distance (ie, how closely it could be approached before it departed)was, they found, consistent within a breeding season. From season to season most birds got a littlebolder— probably as they learnt more about the world and what they could safely get away with.But this increase in boldness with age was small compared with the different starting points of boldthat, on average, birds’ flight distances were inversely correlated负相关) (with the level of human disturbance in their territories. This was a consequence of disturbed territories being settledby bold birds, and undisturbed territories by shy ones.In the case of dunnocks, then, nature wins over nurture. Dr. Holtmann was able to show that personalities match circumstances, rather than being created by them. Dunnocks can recognizewhich places suit them best, and choose to settle in them shortly after they are fully fledged (羽翼丰满 ). Most likely, that is happening in London districts, too.1.What does the underlined words “ that gap ” in the second paragraph refer to?A.What the paper published in 2015 failed to handle.B.Why extroverts favour certain areas in London district.C.How Dr. Holtmann involved dunnocks in his study.D.What the former and latter study have in common.2.From Paragraph 3, we can know that dunnocks ________.A.are native to New ZealandB.have distinct personalitiesC.are bolder than human beingsD.can be easily identified by its color3.What conclusion did Dr. Holtmann draw from his study?A.It ’ s nurture rather than nature that matters in the case of dunnocks ’ behaviour.B.Birds ’ flight distances were in proportion to human disturbance in their territories.C.Dunnocks choose their habitats wisely in the first place rather than adapt to them.D.Bold birds and shy birds alike settle in undisturbed territories in the botanic garden.4.What is the author ’ s purpose in writingepassage?thA.To argue that circumstances cultivate certain personalities.B.To entertain readers with some funny facts about dunnocks.C.To present the finding of a scientific research about dunnocks.D.To confirm the assumption that personalities match circumstances.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案： 1.B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析： 1.细节理解题。
哈尔滨2019高考英语：阅读理解练习(3)及解析或解析
哈尔滨2019高考英语：阅读理解练习（3）及解析或解析阅读细节理解篇******[201***深圳第二次调研]词数：322体裁：说明文难度：3KANDAHAR,Afghanistan–--Afghansburnedtiresandchanted“DeathtoAmerica”afterU.StroopsfiredMonday(April12,2017)onacivilianbusnearKandahar,killingfourpe opleandwoundingmorethanadozen.Afghanistan’spresidentaccusedNATOofbreakingitscommitmenttosafeguardcivilianlives.TheattackangeredAfghanofficialsandthepublicinKandahar,theTaliban’sbirthplace,anddealtablowtoU.SandNATOeffortstowinpopularsupportforacomingoffens ivetodrivetheinsurgents(叛乱分子)fromthebiggestcityinthesouth.NATOexpressedregretforthelossofcivilianlivesand saiditwasinvestigating.Nearly200Afghansblockedhighwaywheretheshootingoccurred,burningtires,firingw eaponsandchanting“DeathtoAmerica”andotherslogans.Theyalsocalledfortheouster(forcingsomebodyoutofapasition)ofAfgh anPresidentHamidKarzai,aKandaharnativewhohasbeenappealingforthepeopleheretosupp orttheU.S-ledcampaignagainsttheTaliban.“TheAmericansareconstantlykillingourciviliansandthegovernmentisnotdemandin ganexplanation,”protesterMohammadRazaqsaid.“WedemandjusticefromtheKarzaigovernmentandthepunishmentofthosesoldiersresponsi ble.”Kandahar,acityofaboutahalfmillionpeople,isnominallyundergovernmentcontrol,b uttheTalibanhavesteppedupinfiltration(浸润),stagingattacksandthreateninglocalpeople.“Theseforeignershavetheirenemies,butkillingAfghansisnottheanswer,”saidAbdulHadi,whosellshomemadeherbalmedicineinapublicmarket.Hesaidinternational forcesshouldpublishascheduleoftheirpatrols(巡逻)soAfghanscankeepoutoftheway.“Betteryet,IwouldliketoseethemleaveAfghanistan,”headded.HajiZahir,whorunsatransportfirm,saiditwastimeforU.S.andotherforeignforcesto withdrawfromthecountry.“Theysaytheywanttobringsecurity.Itisalllies,lies.TheykillAfghans.Thatisnot thewaytobringsecurity,”Zahirsaid.46、Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelyconcludethat.A、AmericansoldiersarekillingTalibanseffectivelyB、AngerrisesasUStroopskill4AfghansonabusC、NATOexpressedgreatdissatisfactionwithAmericantroopsD、AfghanPresidentHamidKarzairequiredNATOtowithdraw47、TheunderlinedwordinParagraph5nominallymostprobablymeans.A、completelyunknowntothepeopleintheworldB、partiallywell-knowntothepeopleacrosstheglobeC、bearingthenameofafamouspersonaroundtheworldD、officiallydescribedassomething,whenthisisnotreallytrue48、AsforNATOsoldiers’rudeaction,AbdulHadiis.A、absolutelyangryandupsetB、alittlepleasedbutimpatientC、veryangryanddissatisfiedD、impatientbutbearable49、Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A、NATOtroopscancompletelycontrolAfghanistanB、NATOtroopscanbringsecuritytoAfghanistanC、AfghanswillacceptNATO’scontrolsoonerorlaterD、it’simpossibleforNATOtoconquerAfghanistananditspeople50、Whichstatementis true accordingtothepassage?A、NATOfailstowinpopularsupportforacomingoffensive.B、KandaharisthemostimportantcityinAfghanistan.C、NATOhasreallybroughtsecuritytoAfghanistan.D、NATOtroopswillwithdrawfromAfghanistaninthenearfuture.这是一篇新闻报道，讲述美军士兵枪杀四名阿富汗平民引起阿富汗人民的愤怒之情。
2019年高考英语真题专题16 阅读理解说明类
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题16 阅读理解说明类一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷I，C】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练(解析)-科普知识与现代技术(1)
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-科普知识与现代技术（1）AyearagoAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hi swife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,a ndthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmeric answhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift—$7,000,alegacy(遗产)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially，”saysDave. ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveunexpectedlegacyfromth eHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000. ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million—theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm. ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theythr ivedon(喜欢)comparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore，checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparent scouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything，”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden,“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatch es’wishthattheirlegacy—alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents—shouldenrichthewholecommunity(社区)andlastforgenerationstocome. Neighborshelpingneighbors—thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.【出处：济南中学2018寒假练习】体裁：夹叙夹议话题：本文主要介绍了一对关心邻里、无私奉献的夫妻。
2019届高考英语阅读理解精选细做：科技类
科技类1、 A buld-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunat ely, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It's delicate.B.It's expensive.C.It's complex.D.It's portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet's center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form .A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet2、After ye ars of research and testing, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It’ s an interesting and exciting new improvement in today’ s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve our natural resources.The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car’ s engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that’s not how it works. The 144volt battery pack is actually recharged through the energy that i s produced when the car’s brakes are used. This is referred to as “regenerative braking”, because it generates electricity.Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time, this helps it use less gas than a regular car. When the driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probabl y wouldn’t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashes a warning on its computer screen that says, “I am low on gas”. When it completely runs out, the warning reads, “YOU ARE NOW OUT OFGAS!” Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.The hybrid car will be put on the market.B.Hybrid cars run faster than regular cars.C.When the hybrid car stops at a traffic light, the driver will get a warning.D.The burning of fossil fuels is one of the largest sources of air pollution.2.According to the passage, the word “hybrid” refers to ________.ording to the passage, the word "hybrid" refers to ________.A. a high-tech discoveryB.energy savingC.a new inventionD.a combination of two things3.“Regenerative breaking” is an important process of the hybrid car because ________.A.it allows the car to come to a quick stopB.it gives the driver a smoother rideC.it produces energy to charge the batteryD.it can control the speed of the car4.Which of the following is right about the EPA?A.They designed hybrid cars.B.They outlawed (宣布……为不合法) the burning of fossil fuels.C.They set important guidelines that help control pollution.D.Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals.5.Which of the following is the reason for developing hybrid cars?A.They use less gas than regular cars.B.They' re safer to drive than most cars.C.They're more modern than other cars.D.They cost less than regular cars.3、Getting stitched(缝合)up by Dr.Robot may one day be reality.Scientists have created a robotic system which did just that in living animals without a real doctor pulling,the strings.Much like engineers are designing self-driving cars,the medical research is part of a move towardautonomous surgical robots,removing the surgeon’s hands from certain tasks that a machine might perform all by itself.Doctors wouldn’t leave the bedside they’re supposed to watch,plus they’d handle the rest of the surgery. In small tests using pigs,the robotic arm performed at least as well,and in some cases a bit better,as some competing surgeons in stitching together intestinal(肠的)tissue.“The purpose wasn’t to replace surgeons,”said Dr.Kim who led the project.“If you hav e all intelligent tool that works with a surgeon,can it improve the outcome? That’s what we have done.”If you’ve heard about machines like the popular Da Vinci system,you might think robots already are operating.Not really.Today many hospitals offer,robot-assisted surgery where surgeons use the machinery as tools that they control by hand,typically,to operate through tiny openings in the body.But robot-assisted surgery has been controversial,as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.Kim’s team at Children’s Sheikh Zayed Institute invented the new STAR system—it stands for Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot—works sort of like a programmable sewing machine.They added sensors to help guide each stitch and tell how tightly to pull.But the approach wasn’t perfect.In the living animals,the robot took much longer and made a few stitching mistakes while the surgeon sewing by hand made none.Kim said the robot can be sped up.Fie hopes to begin human studies in two or three years.1.What’s the best title for the text?A.A new robotic systemB.A new-style way of stitchingC.The newly-designed driverless vehiclesD.Robot surgeons one step closer to reality2.What will surgeons do when Dr.Robot is used in surgery?A.They can help pull the strings.B.They rest at the bedside.C.They join in when necessary.D.They perform other surgery.3.Some people are against using robots in surgery probably because_________.A.they can be out of controlB.they will take shorter timeC.they may be expensive to useD.they are likely to cause great pain4.What can we infer from the text?A.Dr.Robot can take the place of surgeons.B.Dr.Robot will be developed at a fast pace.C.Dr.Robot has been tested with human trials.D.Dr.Robot can free doctors’hands i n the operation.4、 A hybrid electric vehicle (混合动力车) or HEV is a vehicle driven by the combination of petrol engine and electric motor. Terrence has been driving a HEV for five years. He really doesn’t understand why more people aren’t accepting them. “I probably spend about $ 7 a day on petrol,” the taxi driver told news. com. au. In his previous conventional vehicle Terrence said he was spending up to $ 30 a day on petrol, meaning he saves almost $ 6000 every year.The Toyota spokesman said this was quite a high saving and official tests estimate (估计) an average driver would only save about 33 percent off their current bill. This means a driver paying $ 30 a day on petrol would see their bill drop to about $ 20 using the hybrid. “A taxi driver that drives in built-up areas and spends little time on highways will notice a higher fuel saving,” he said. “Low speeds allow the electric motors to be used more and the petrol engine used less.”While some people are skeptical about how reliable hybrids are, Terrence said he had never run out of power. His Camry cost about $ 34,000 and so after five years, it’s nearly paid for itself. “For cab drivers, it’s a real advantage because of the cost-effectiveness,” he said.Terrence has no complaints about the car. “I l ove it, the calm and quietness of it, the simplicity of it—you just jump in and go. The maintenance(保养)is really low. But the only difficulty is finding someone to service the car as there are not many experienced mechanics(机修工).”Terrence said it’s “extraordinary” that more drivers aren’t buying more hybrid electric vehicles and that governments are not encouraging this more. “I think people have a view that you have to plug it in, which is not true. A lack of information about the cars may be stopping people from taking the plunge. It’s not promoted at all for the public to understand—it’s simplifying the actual owning of a car—you don’t have to do so many things to own it and run it, it’s just so much simpler. Why wouldn’t the government promote such a thing?”1.How much does an average driver save each day by driving a hybrid, according to the Toyota spokesman?A.$30B.$20C.$10D.$72.Terrence’s problem with his HEV at the moment is about the ________.A.speedB.powerC.priceD.service3.When saying “extraordinary”, Terrence thinks it is ________.A.understandableB.wonderfulC.doubtfulD.unbelievable4. What does Terrence think prevent the popularity of hybrid cars?A.The difficulty in servicing the car.B.The restriction of the government.C.The lack of information about HEV.D.The inconvenience with charging the car.5、Humans have been keeping animals as pets for tens of thousands of years, but Dr. Jean-Loup Rault, an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, believes new companions are coming: robot pets.“Technology is moving very fast,” Rault told ABC News, “The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet, and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.”This may not sit well with pet lovers. After all, who would choose a plastic toy over a lovely puppy? But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it: “You don’t have to feed it, you don’t have to walk it, it won’t make a mess in your house, and you can go on a holidaywithout feeling guilty.” The technology also benefits those who are allergic to pets, short on space, or fearful of real animals.It’s not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones. But studies do suggest that we can bond(紧密联系)with these smart machines. People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories. It’s the same with robots. When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aibo in March 2014, owners in Japan held funerals.As an animal welfare researcher, Rault is concerned about how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals. “If we become used to a robotic companion that doesn’t need food, water or exercises, perhaps it will change how humans care about other living beings.” He said.So are dogs and cats a thing of the past, as Rault predicts? For those who grew up with living and breathing pets, the mechanical kind might not do. But for our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future in which lovely pets ne edn’t have a heartbeat might not be a far-fetched dream.1.What does the underlined part “sit well with” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Be refused by.B.Be beneficial to.C.Receive support from.D.Make a difference to.2.Who is fond of keeping robot pets?A.Those who are not fearful of real animals.B.Those who grew up with living beings.C.Those who will develop strong bond with their machines.D.Those who are often exposed to smart technology.3.What may be the best title for the text?A.Robot pets are comingB.The popularity of robot petsC.Living pets are dying outD.The advantages of robot toys6、Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space, but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.Robots make great explorers on planets, moons, and other landing areas. Aside from the earth, just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe, making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand. Plus there would be complications with radiation, weather, and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.Robots are designed for collecting scientific data. Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals, analyzing ground samples, and finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots.The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans, but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. Moreover, robots have no problems working for hours on end. Robots never c omplain, they don’t require food or water, and they never need a bathroom break.Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars’ history.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.The Development of RobotsB.The Discovery of Space ExplorationC.No Robots, No Space ExplorationD.Robots Are Used in Space Exploration2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A.The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.B.It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.C.Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars.D.Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.3.The underlined word “withstand” most probably means “______”A.remainB.bearC.defeatD.develop4.What is the writer's attitude in this passage?A.Negative(消极的)B.Critical(批判性的)C.Subjective(主观的)D.Objective(客观的)7、US private rocket company SpaceX has announced that two private citizens have paid to be sent around the Moon. The mission (任务) is planned for late 2018. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said, "This presents an opportunity for humans to return to deep space for the first time in 45 years."The two unnamed people will fly aboard a spaceship which is set for its first unmanned test flight later this year. The co-operation of America's NASA space agency had made the plan possible. Mr. Musk said, "The two passengers will travel faster and further into the solar system than any before them." Like the Apollo astronauts before them, these individuals will travel into space carrying the hopes and dreams of all humankind, driven by the universal human spirit of exploration."We expect to conduct health and fitness tests, as well as begin initial training later this year. The first mission would be unmanned, and the next one―with crew―was expec ted in the second quarter of 2018," the rich businessman and inventor said, "The first passengers are entering this with their eyes open, knowing that there is some risk here. They're certainly not childish, and we'll do everything we can to reduce that risk, but it's not zero."The space tourists would make a circle around the Moon, scanning the lunar surface and then going well beyond. However, the mission will not involve a lunar landing. "If NASA decided totake part in a lunar fly-by mission, then the agency would have privilege," Mr. Musk said. The US has not sent astronauts to the Moon since the early 1970s.1.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.The two tourists can't afford to fly around the moon.B.Space travels are rooted in the spirit of human exploration.C.Initial training is expected to be conducted at the beginning of 2018.D.The two tourists are expected to fly at a slow speed.2.The agency has privilege because ______A.it needs co-operation with Mr. MuskB.it has previous technical skillsC.it will be able to remove all the risksD.it has to make money for research3.Where can you most probably read the text?A.In a textbook.B.In a science fiction.C.In a travel brochure.D.On a news website.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.The Coming Moon Trip of Two Private CitizensB.An Opportunity to Explore Space for the First TimeC.A Paid Trip Planned by SpaceX to 'Land on the MoonD.Two Unmanned Missions of Circling around the Moon8、 A 10-year-old boy rides his bicycle slowly to a busy crossing. In front of him, cars and SUVs speed by, without pausing. He waits for a gap in traffic. When he sees one, he pushes off, gaining speed. But by the time he's halfway across, a car is almost coming in front of him. He makes it to the other side—but just barely. This scene usually happens across the country, but in this case, it occurred in a completely safe environment.The bike is stationary. The street is actually a laboratory at the University of Iowa, surrounded by three huge screens. The ‘‘ cars ’’ are 3-D virtual images. And the entire process is observed byresearchers who are trying to understand the factors that put children at risk when crossing the street on a bike or on foot.Crossing the street is one of the first experiences in a child's life. The researchers in Iowa are looking to learn more about that decision-making process with the goals that include giving parents information that could help them when they’re discus sing safety with young children. The risks children face on the road are real: 531,340 children were injured in 2014 on a bicycle.Most of the data the team has collected focus on children crossing the street on bicycles. Researchers record when kids believe it's safe to cross the street, children in the 10-12-year-old group often are actually close to adults in terms of the gaps they think safe to cross. The problem is how well they are able to act on those judgements.“Their timing of movement is not as good as adults,” Plumert, one of the researchers said. "They delay when they start crossing. As a result,they actually have less time to spare before the next car comes."When adults anticipate(预见) a gap in traffic after an approaching car passes, they'll actually begin crossing while that car is still in front of them. Children wait until that first car hasgone by completely, giving them less time to cross before the next car nears.1.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?A.An experiment being done on kids riding bikes.B.An accident which happened at a busy crossing.C.A scene which was filmed on a country road.D.A terrible case made up by a group of researchers.2.What does the underlined word "stationary" most probably mean?A.Moving slowly.B.Speeding up.C.Remaining still.D.Being in danger.3.What can we infer from the third paragraph?A.Riding a bicycle poses a risk to children.B.Crossing a street on foot is very safe to kids.C.Parents know little about safety on the road.D.Drivers often fail to spot the cycling children.4.What is the result of the experiments?A.Children’s judgement on distance is usually not correct.B.Children usually cross while the car is still in front of them.C.Children can’t wait for the approaching cars to pass by.D.Children have less time to cross by waiting for the cars to go by completely.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D解析：1.推理判断题。
2019年英语阅读理解及答案解析高考题目.doc
AShay asked, “Do you think they’ll let me play?” Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.Shay’s father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting much. The boy looked around and said, “We’re losing by six runs (分) and the game is in the eighth inning (局).I guess he can be on our team and we’ll try to put him in to bat in the final inning.Shay struggled over to the team’s bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart. The boys saw the father’s joy at his son being accepted.In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shay’s team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In the top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field. Even though no hits came his way, he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field. In the bottom of the final inning, Shay’s team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game?Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch (投) came and Shay missed. The pitcher again again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in , Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.The pitcher could have easily thrown he ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game .Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates, The audience and the players from both teams started screaming,“Shay, run to first! ”Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base, wide-eyed and shocked..Everyone should, “Run to second!” Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second.By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team,who had a chance to be the hero for his team fir the first time,could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he understood the pitcher’s intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head.All were screaming，“Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay.” Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted, “Shay, run to third.” As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet, crying,“Shay, run home！”Shay ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who the who won the game for his team.That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and humanity into this world. Shay didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!66.Not expecting much, Shay’s father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because the father_________.A. noticed some of the boys on the field were heistingB. guessed his presence would affect the boy’s decisionC. learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay wellD. understood Shay did need a feeling of being accepted67. In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys _________.A. believed they were sure to win the gameB. would like to help Shay enjoy the gameC. found Shay was so eager to be a winnerD. fell forced to give Shay another chance68. The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head, probably because that boy________.A. was obviously aware of the pitcher’s purposeB. looked forward to winning the game for his teamC. failed to throw the ball to the second basemanD. saw that Shay already reached second base69. Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay’s becoming the hero for his team?A. The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.B. The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him.C. The opposing players failed to stop his running to home.D. One of the opposing players ran to help him.70. What to you think is the theme of the story?A. True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.B. Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled.C. Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents.D. The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.A2“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton（骨骼）in the closet（衣橱）?” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for steal ing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family history isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t your great-great-grandfath er a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica cut iin before things g rew worse.After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother san k in a faint（晕倒）, waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “You just destroyed the school’s skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “They’re both crazy,” she thought.56. According to Jessica’s mother, “a skeleton in the close” means ______.A. a family honorB. a family secretC. a family storyD. a family treasure57. What can we learn about some Australians’ ancestors form Parag raph 2?A. They were brought to Australia as prisoners.B. They were the earliest people living in Australia.C. They were involved in some crimes in Australia.D. They were not regarded as criminals in their days.58. Jessica’s mother fell down into a faint because she was ______.A. knockedB. frightenedC. injuredD. surprised59. Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home?A. She was curious about it.B. She planned to keep it for fun.C. She needed it for her school task.D. She intended to scare her parents.60. Jessica’s parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because ______.A. they were crazyB. they were over excitedC. they realized their misunderstandingD. they both thought they had won the quarrelA3In early autumn I applied for applied for admission to college. I wanted to go nowhere but to Cornell University,but my mother fought strongly againsnst it. When she saw me studying a photograph of my father on the sports ground of Cornell,she tore it up.“You can’t say it’s not a great university,just because Papa went there.”“That’s not it at all.And it is a top university.”She was still holding the pieces in her hand. “But we can’t afford to send you to college.”“I wouldn’t dream of askin g you for money.Do you want me to get a job to help suppont you and Papa?Things aren’t that bad,are they?”“No,”she said. “I don’t expect you to help support us.”Father borrowed money form his rich cousins to start a small jewellery shop,His chief customers were his old college friends.To get new customers,my mother had to help.She picked up a long-forgotten membership in the local league of women,so that she cound get to know more people. Whether those people would turn into customers was another question. I knew that my Parents had to wait for quite a long time before their small investment (投资) could show returns.What’s more ,they had not wanted enough to be roch and successful ；otherwise they cound not possibly have managed their lives so badly.I was torn between the desave to help them and change,their lives,and the determinstion not to repeat their mistakes.I had a strong belief in my power to go what I wanted.After months of hard study I won a full college scholarship（奖学金）.My father could hardly contain his pride in me,and my mother eventually gave in before my success.53.The author was not allowed to go to Cornell University mainly because his father grduated from the universityA.his mother did not thinks it a great universityB.his parents needed him to help support the familyC.his parents did not have enough money for him54.The father srarted his small shop with the money from .A.a local leagueB.his universityC.his relativesD.his college friends55.Why did the mother renew her membership in the league?A.To help with her husband’s busine ssB.To raise money for her sonC.To meet her long-forgotten friendsD.To better manage her life56.According to the text,what was the author determined to do in that autumn?A.To get a well-paid job for himselfB.To improve relations with his motherC.To go to his dream universityD.To carry on with his father’s businessA4They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls, the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident, and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes(路线).During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes（尖状物）that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.Wellman’s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they n ever talked about climbing. “He knew that was how I got injured.” Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend’s life.“Your partner can save your life —you can save your partner’s life,” Wellman said as the pair received congra tulations from friends. “There are real close ties.”64. Which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in climbing Half Dome?A. To climb up to remove the spikes.B. To climb it twiceC. To do 5,000 pull-ups up the rope.D. To lock the rope in place.65. Why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?A. Corbett was poorly trained.B. Wellman had lost interest in climbing.C. Corbett didn’t want to hurt Wellman.D. Wellman hadn’t decided whether to climb again.66. What do we know about Wellman?A. He climbed Half Dome by himself.B. He was disabled in a traffic accident.C. He stopped rock-climbing for some time.D. He was saved by Corbett during the climb.67. The main idea of the text is that .A. two heads are better than oneB. friendship is precious in lifeC. the disabled should never give upD. a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeatedA5There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckers. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets. Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds. The new bucket was very proud of itself. It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled (溢出). The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path.Sometimes the new bucket would say, “See how capable I am! How good it is that the gardener has me towater the flowers every day! I don't know why he still bothers with you. What a waste of s pace you are!”And all that the old bucket could say was, “I know I’m not very useful, but I can only do my best.I’m happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me, at least.”One day, the gardener heard that kind or conversation. After watering the flowers as usual, h e said, “You both have done your work very well. Now I am going to carry you back. I want you to look carefully along the path.”Then the two buckets did so. All along the path, they noticed, on the side where the new bucket was carried, there was just bare (光秃秃的) earth; on the onther side where the old bucket was carried, there was a joyous row of wild flowers, leading all the way to the garden.56. What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?A. DirtyB. DarkC. Worn-outD. Plain-looking.57. What was the old bucket ashamed of?A. His past.B. His aging.C. His manner.D. His leaking.58. The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly toA. laugth at the old oneB. take pity on the old oneC. show off its beautiful looksD. praise the gardener’s kindness59. Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener?A. Because it was used to keep a balanceB. Because it stayed in its besr conditionC. Because it was taken as a treasureD. Because it had its own functionA6In the fall of 1985. I was a bright-eyed ghl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later I am later I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college an the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic---and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 81. Our home was a complete zoo---a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full-time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant talking as few as one class each semester.The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, But I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree！I am not special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when you’re looking at a big challeng e from the outside it looks huge, but when you’re in the midst of it,it just seems normal. Everything you want won’tarrive in your life on one day. It’s a process. Remember；little steps add up to big dreams.41. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was tobeA. a writerB. a teacherC. a judgeD. a doctor42. Why did the author quit school in her second year of college?A. She wanted to study by herself.B. She fell in love and got married.C. She suffered from a serious illness.D. She decided to look after her grandma.43. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5?A.She was buy yet happy with her family life.B.She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.C.She wanted to remain a full-time housewife.D.She was too confused to make a correct choice.44.What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?A.Failure is the mother of success.B.Little by little ,one goes far.C.Every coin has two sides.D.Well begun ,half done.45.Which of the following can best describe the author ?A.Caring and determine.B.Honest and responsible.C.Ambitious and sensitive .D.Innocent and single-minded.A1篇阅读理解66. D 推理判断题。
2019年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题16-科普类说明文(含答案解析)
专题十六阅读理解之科普类说明文1.【2015·湖北卷】DThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Mea nwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to makea round-trip to Mars.63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station【解析】试题分析：这是一篇说明文。
2019高考英语全国II卷阅读理解
2019高考英语全国I I卷阅读理解（带解析）（总5页）--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可--内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小-2019高考英语全国II卷阅读理解【2019全国II】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMy Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系歹U）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt's about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out % of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21.Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl22.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. CosmopolitanB. MatildaC. After DarkD. The Stand23.What kind of book is Gone Girl）A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.B"You can use me as a last resort（选择），and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲木昆球）club.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on 1■■ At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,"Alright. Yes, I'll do it."I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kidswhile the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?24.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph I ? A.She knows little about the club.B.She isn't good at sports.C.She just doesn't want to volunteer.D.She's unable to meet her schedule.25.What does the underlined phrase"tug at the heartstrings"in paragraph2 meanA. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deedsD. Provide advice.26.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.She'll work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.27.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.3：C. It enables her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.CMarian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report."I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know"Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself, "she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for selfreflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology," said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.29.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30.What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. He's fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. He's familiar with the barkeeper.31.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.DBacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution（解决方案）.“We don't give the students any brea ks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than'Are you working towards your goal' Basically,it's Tve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product."Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响）on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readyinga workable solution to test in space.32.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A.They are hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear different forms.D.They damage the instruments.33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A.To strengthen teacher-student relationshipsB.To sharpen students' communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.D.To link space technology with school education34.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designsC. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.35.What is the best title for the text?A.NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B.Space: The Final Homework Frontier.C.Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.答案及解析：A［答案］21, C 22. C 23, D ［解析］【士章大意】这是一篇说明文。
2019高考英语试题分项版解析 专题16 科普类说明文(含解析)
专题16 科普类说明文2019高考题D【2019·全国I】We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。
2科普研究类高考真题阅读
高考真题阅读理解专题二科普研究类2019年Passage 1 2019全国卷Ⅰ，8分话题：智能键盘身份识别技术词数：236 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typing.C. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A. It’ll be environment-friendly.B. It’ll reach consumers soon.C. It’ll be made of plastics.D. It’ll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.Passage 2 2019全国卷Ⅲ，8分话题：猴子会算术词数：315 Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher.values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them.B. They named them.C. They trained them.D. They measured them.33How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle.B. By touching a screen.C. By watching videos.D. By mixing two drinks.34. What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Science.2018年Passage 1 2018北京，8分话题：无人驾驶汽车词数：476Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars （and rightfully so）, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions（排放）and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车）services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbonemissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can.A. help deal with transportation-related problemsB. provide better services to customersC. cause damage to our environmentD. make some people lose jobs2. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A. Safety.B. Side effects.C. Affordability.D. Management.3. What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed.B. Replaced.C. Shared.D. Reduced.4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars？A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.Passage 2 2018天津，10分话题：3D打印机打印书屋词数：360There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food.Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to "re-create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same," freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability (可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson,a professor at Columbia University, said, "Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content,like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand."ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can usethem, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients，because meat and milk products may easily go bad.Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.1. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.B. It saves time and effort in cooking.C. It improves the cooking conditions.D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?A. It solves food shortages easily.B. It quickens the transportation of food.C. It needs no space for the storage of food.D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.3.According to Paragraph 4, 3D printed food .A. is more available to consumersB. can meet individual nutritional needsC. is more tasty than food in supermarketsD. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A. The printing process is complicated.B. 3D food printers are too expensive.C. Food materials have to be dry.D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.5.What could be the best title of the passage?A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New TechnologyB. A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC. The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table2017年Passage 1 2017全国卷Ⅰ，8分话题：太阳能蒸馏器词数：300A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5′×5′sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container —perhaps just a drinking cup —to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up —and out —the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. It’s delicate.B. It’s expensive.C. It’s complex.D. It’s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase "the water catcher" in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheet’s center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheet Passage 2 2017全国卷Ⅱ，8分话题：植物如何进行自我保护词数：289 When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to "overhear" the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietly.D. It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by "the tables are turned" in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The world is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than before.C. The world is more complex than it seems.D. People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.Passage 3 2017全国卷Ⅲ，8分话题：老年人安全驾车研究词数：314The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named "DriveLAB"in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health andwell-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: "For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others."But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to."Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: "The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.""For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that."We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel."1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older drivers’problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A. A New Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC. Driving Services for EldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road Passage 4 2017天津，12.5分话题：自主驾驶车辆的交通法规词数：334This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles (自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the "death valley" of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property (财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel —to check email, say —the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash."The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving," says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. "The liability (法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all," says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human "be watchful and monitoring the road" at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. "When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars," Merat says. "You know —no driver." Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however."The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here," says Calo.1. What does the phrase "death valley" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．A place where cars often break down.B．A case where passing a law is impossible.C．An area where no driving is permitted.D．A situation where drivers’role is not clear.2．The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to .A．stop people from breaking traffic rulesB．help promote fully automatic drivingC．protect drivers of all ages and racesD．prevent serious property damage3．What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.B. It should be the main concern of law makers.C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D. It should involve no human responsibility.4．Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in .A. SingaporeB. the UKC. the USD. Germany5．What could be the best title for the passage?A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughC. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road AccidentsPassage 5 2017北京，8分话题：人工智能词数：446Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论)，put it this way: "If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预)，we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire."A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind offirewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams —yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just "switch them off" as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 〖JP2〗1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, "Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine." However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced (中子诱导)nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.2012—2016年Passage 12016全国卷Ⅲ，8分词数：349Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories."The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media," says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. "They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer."Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility,。
2019年北京卷高考英语阅读题真题解析
2019年北京卷高考英语阅读题真题解析在2019年高考英语试卷的阅读部分中，北京卷的题目给出了一系列有关环境保护的文章。
本文将对该卷的阅读题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对这些问题。
Passage 1文章主旨：介绍了一项新型节能技术——“可穿戴空调”。
根据科学家的研究，它能够在不浪费能源的条件下提供个人化的温度控制。
该文使用了“先例引证”的写作结构，通过引用学者的意见和实验证据来证明这种新技术的可行性。
首先，作者提到了科学家对目前空调技术导致能源浪费的批评，然后引用了研究结果，证明可穿戴空调的节能优势。
通过对文中细节的解析，我们可以得出以下答案：1. According to the passage, what have scientists criticized traditional air conditioning for?（问题1：根据文章，科学家对传统空调提出了什么批评？）Scientists have criticized traditional air conditioning for wasting energy.2. What is the advantage of wearable air conditioning?（问题2：可穿戴空调的优势是什么？）The advantage of wearable air conditioning is personalized temperature control without energy waste.Passage 2文章主旨：介绍了一个名为“狼人”的游戏，该游戏由一名北大学生研发，结合了游戏和社交的元素，让人们能够在游戏中体验积极的社交互动。
该文为一篇说明文，解释了“狼人游戏”的规则和背后的设计理念。
作者用清晰而详细的语言描述了游戏的玩法、游戏角色的分配以及游戏中的社交互动。
通过阅读该文，我们可以找到以下答案：1. What is the purpose of the game "Werewolf"?（问题1：狼人游戏的目的是什么？）The purpose of the game "Werewolf" is to provide a platform for positive social interaction.2. What is the unique feature of "Werewolf"?（问题2：狼人游戏的特点是什么？）The unique feature of "Werewolf" is the combination of gaming and socializing.Passage 3文章主旨：介绍了一个名为“绿色校园计划”的环境保护项目，在该项目中，学生们主动参与到环境保护的行动中来，通过种植树木和建设校园花园等活动，改善了他们所在学校的环境。
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（现代科技）李仕才【话题导读】灯柱伞是一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱，这样人们在忘记带雨伞时就不会挨淋了。
LampbrellaYou can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. ①But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t t hink that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.The designer says he ②come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street ad saw the street lamps ③lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.” he said.The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella ④on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers p edestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.⑤In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on my street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.灯柱伞你不会每次都预测到大雨到来或者记得带上雨伞。
但设计师Mikhail Belvacv认为出门前忘记看天气预报不应该导致你淋湿。
这就是他创造灯柱伞的原因，一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱。
设计师说他在俄罗斯街头看到人们被雨水淋湿之后提出了这个想法。
“有一次，我在圣彼得堡中央街上开车，看到淋湿的人们躲到亮着的路灯下躲雨。
我想在街灯上安装一盏伞蓬一定很合适。
”他说。
灯柱伞是一盏外形标准的街灯配有一个雨伞蓬。
它内部有根据需要可自动开闭的电动马达。
传感器保证了无论何时下雨可向行人提供遮蔽。
除了下雨传感器，在玻璃纤维的街灯里也安装有可以检测是否有人需要灯柱伞的360°运动传感器。
如果有三分钟没有人用她就会自动关闭。
据设计者称，灯柱伞会以相对低的速度移动，因此不会对行人造成伤害。
除此之外，它会接地以避免可能的雷击。
每个路灯伞会为多位行人提供足够的遮蔽。
它安装在离地面2米高的地方，它唯一的不足是可能给高个子行人带来危险。
尽管还没有把这种产品付诸生产的计划，Belyacv最近把他的发明介绍给了墨西哥政府并且坚持这个发明将会安装在我的街道上，因为那儿人流量大却并不提供避雨的檐篷。
重点单词:1. canopy ['kænəpɪ] n.天篷；华盖；遮篷2. pedestrian [pi'destriən] n.行人；步行者3. fiberglass ['faɪbɚ,glæs] n. 玻璃纤维；玻璃丝重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.但设计师Mikhail Belvacv认为出门前忘记看天气预报不应该导致你淋湿。
该句中that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet为宾语从句，其中forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out味宾语从句中的主语。
result in结果，导致。
如：My English teacher doe sn’t know playing football is my hobby.我的英语老师不知道踢足球是我的爱好。
A minimal error or deviation may result in wide divergence.失之毫厘，谬以千里。
2. come up with追赶上；比得上；想出。
如：I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。
I had to run to come up with her.我不得不跑着去追她。
3. light up照亮；点烟；开街灯或车灯；（使）变得喜悦。
如：Drivers who forget to light up at night often cause accidents.晚上忘记开车灯的司机常常出车祸。
He took his time lighting up a cigarette.他不慌不忙地点了一支烟。
Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up.突然，我看到官员脸上露出了得意的神色。
4. on demand 要求。
如：Passengers must show their tickets on demand.查票时乘客须出示车票。
5. in addition to除......之外。
如：In addition to French, he has to study Japanese.除了法语外，他还得学日语。
名句背诵：Imagination is more important than knowledge. (Einstein)想象力比知识更为重要。
(爱因斯坦)【话题解读】“现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。
科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。
总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。
点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。
“现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
【相关词汇】I.写作单词1.accquire v.获得，得到2. advance v.进展；进步； n.进展；进步；前进→ advanced adj.先进的，高级的3. advantage n.优点4. challenge n.挑战5. convenient adj.便利的，方便的→ convenience n.方便，便利6. debate n.& v.争论7. explore vt.探索→ exploration n.检测；探险8. expose vt.揭露9. matter vi.有关系；要紧10. predict v.预言；预先；预报→ prediction n.预测，预告→ predictor n.预言家11. disturb vt.打扰；扰乱；使心神不宁12. provide vt.提供13. replace v.取代14. support vt.& n.支持，赞助→ supporter n.支持者；拥护者Ⅱ.阅读识记单词15.cover vt.采访；报道；遮掩；盖上16.breakthrough n .重大进展，突破17.broadcast n .广播节目；vt. 广播18.connect vt.连接，把……联系起来19.convenience n .方便20.download v.下载21.experiment n.实验22.feature n.特写；花絮23.globe n .地球仪；地球24.hopeful adj.有希望的；有前途的25.instant adj.立即的；即时的26.intelligent adj. 智能的→ intelligence n.智力；理解力27.mobile adj. 移动的28.process n.& vt. 过程；加工，处理29.spread v .传播；蔓延；流传30.scientific adj. 科学的→ science n.科学→ scientist n.科学家31.signal n.信号32.update vt.更新；使现代化33.system n .系统；体系34.technology n .技术35.worldwide adj. 遍及全球的，世界范围的III.高频短语1. catch on了解；理解；流行2. come out出版；发行；结果是3 have access to使用；接通；可以利用4. have an effect on/upon对……有影响5. keep in touch with与……保持联系6. keep pace with跟上7. land on the moon登月8. log in/on登录；进入9. shut down/off关掉10. with the development of随着……的发展I．阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。