北大2006年考博士英语真题及答案

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(完整word版)北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析

Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%）Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably completethe sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet。

11． Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” for human being is a question thata wide solution.A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D。

seeks for12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control， it is sometimesa bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A．accustomed to split and dividedB．accustomed to splitting and dividingC．accustomed to split and dividingD．accustomed to splitting and divided13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value。

A。

at itself B。

as itself C。

on itself D。

in itself14． us earlier, your request to the full.A。

北京大学考博英语试题及答案解析

专业 ▪ 权威 ▪ 轻松 ▪ 快乐
北大考博英语历年真题
北京大学 2013 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part One: Listening Comprehension
Section A (10%) Directions: In this section you will hear 3 passages. Each passage will be read only ONCE. At
the US
Romanti 1830s British It is centered on strong B9 and imagination rather
cism
–
and B8 than B10 thought.
1870s
American works also focus on the B11 and on human
the end of each passage, there will be a pause. Listen carefully to the passages and then answer the questions that follow. Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 1. Which of the following statements is true about heart disease? A. It kills 2.6 million people all over the world each year. B. It is a major disease in Western countries. C. It is caused by the blood supply that nourishes the heart muscle. D. It can cause the blood vessels to become blocked. 2. What can we learn from the study in England and Scotland? A. There are more meat and fish eaters than vegetarians in the study. B. 32% of the people in the study are vegetarians. C. People who have normal blood pressure and a healthy weight-are eligible for the study. D. No vegetarians died from heart disease in the study. 3. What did Tracy Parker from the British Heart Foundation suggest? A. Eating more vegetables would result in a healthy heart. B. Vegetarians should eat foods high in saturated fat and salt, too. C. We should try to avoid meat in our diet. D. Vegetarians had better eat meat to compensate for any lost vitamins and minerals. Passage Two Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard. 4. Which of the following statements in NOT true about the Chinese version of James Joyce’s novel Finnegans Wake? A. It took the translator 8 years to translate. B. It was so popular among readers that a second edition was being printed. C. The first run of 8,000 copies sold out in less than a month. D. It was one of the bestsellers in Shanghai last week. 5. What did the translator Ms. Dai say about her work? A. Her work was not faithful to the original intent of the novel. B. She had tried to make her work as complex as the original. C. She had tried to make her work easy to understand. D. She was not surprised that her work had become a hit in the country. 6. How did some critics explain the “Finnegans Wake” phenomenon in China? A. It’s because the stream of consciousness style was warmly received by Chinese readers. B. It’s because the demand for translation of foreign-language novels exploded. C. It’s because the translation of the highbrow novel tickled some Chinese readers’ vanity.

北京大学博士英语试题及答案

北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The company has been ________ for over a century.A. establishedB. establishingC. to establishD. being established答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, the match will be held as ________.A. planB. plannedC. planningD. to plan答案：B3. The professor suggested that we ________ a meeting to discuss the issue.A. arrangeB. arrangedC. arrangingD. will arrange答案：A4. The book is worth ________.A. to readB. readC. readingD. being read答案：C5. The problem is too difficult for us ________.A. to solveB. solvingC. solvedD. being solved答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每题3分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

The rise of artificial intelligence has brought about significant changes in various industries. Companies are now using AI to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer experiences. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, there are concerns about job displacement and privacy issues.6. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The impact of AI on industriesB. The benefits of AIC. The concerns about AID. The advancement of technology答案：A7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of AI?A. Improved efficiencyB. Reduced costsC. Enhanced customer experiencesD. Increased job opportunities答案：D8. What is the concern associated with AI?A. Job displacementB. Increased efficiencyC. Reduced costsD. Enhanced customer experiences答案：A9. What can be inferred from the passage?A. AI is only used in certain industries.B. AI is a threat to privacy.C. AI is being embraced by companies.D. AI has no benefits.答案：C10. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To promote AIB. To criticize AIC. To inform about AID. To encourage debate about AI答案：C三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In the past, people used to believe that the world was flat. However, with the discovery of new lands and the development of navigational tools, this belief was gradually __11__.11. A. changedB. alteredC. modifiedD. transformed答案：A12. The explorers' voyages led to a __12__ understanding of the world.A. clearB. distinctC. preciseD. accurate答案：D13. As a result, the concept of a spherical Earth became__13__.A. acceptedB. acknowledgedC. recognizedD. known答案：A14. Today, we take for granted the fact that the Earth is round, but in the past, it was a __14__ idea.A. revolutionaryB. radicalC. groundbreakingD. innovative答案：A15. The __15__ of the Earth's shape has had a profound impact on science and exploration.A. realizationB. perceptionC. understandingD. comprehension答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题10分）16. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大变化。

北京航空航天大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析

北京航空航天大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案及解析Part ⅠListening Comprehension(略)Part ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 121．【答案】D【解析】关于心理学家对思考过程的看法可以在文章第一段找到：Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone，but that one's muscles also participate．由此可知，精神活动包括思考，不仅仅表现为大脑的活动，肌肉也会参与。

A、B、C三项与题意不符。

本题正确答案为D。

22．【答案】A【解析】根据文章第二段的“Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body”可知，正确答案为A。

23．【答案】C【解析】作者在第三段以“there is a very good reason for it”引出了“One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates，so to speak，in its performance”。

只有参与到表演中人们才能享受音乐。

因此正确答案是C。

24．【答案】C【解析】作者在最后一段指出肌肉的参与和精神思考的过程是同一种方式，“but this participati on is less obvious because it is less pronounced”以一个转折表明肌肉的参与并不明显。

北大考博真题英语答案解析

北大考博真题英语答案解析北大考博是中国高等教育领域的重要考试之一，英语是其中的一门科目。

随着竞争的激烈，考生对于北大考博英语真题的解析和答案掌握变得尤为重要。

本文将针对北大考博英语真题进行深入解析，帮助考生更好地准备考试。

首先，我们先来看一道真题，然后对其进行解析。

以下是一道典型的北大考博英语阅读理解题：Passage 1It is tempting, but misleading, to picture the history of African-Ameri-cans hid-den, waiting passively for progress to come. In fact, what we find over and over again in black history is the story of black people shaping their own lives and destinies. At the heart of this struggle has been the quest for education, knowledge, and just treatment— issues that have defined a people fighting for dignity and opportunity.Which of the fol-lowing would be the best title for the passage?A. The Struggles of African-AmericansB. The Importance of EducationC. African-American HistoryD. Resilience and Progress解析：本题是一道主旨题，要求找出这篇文章的最佳标题。

我们可以通过文章的主要内容和观点来选择正确答案。

北京大学2003-2006年博士研究生入学考试英语真题

北京大学2003-2006年博士研究生入学考试英语真题北京大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语真题Part Ⅰ Structure and Written ExpressionDirections:In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. 1. Recognizing the shortage of time available to spend with their children, working, mothers sometimes take ______ in the concept of "quality time".A. refugeB. prideC. placeD. action2. The term "New Australians" came into vogue in the 50s and 60s, which implied that the goal of immigration was assimilation and that migrants would place their new-found Australian identity ahead of the ______ context from which they had come.A. athleticB. ethicC. aestheticD. ethnic3. Scholarships are too few to ______ the high-school graduates who deserve a college education.A. meetB. accommodateC. compromiseD. adopt4. The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to ______ students' enthusiasm in learning English.A. hold backB. hold offC. hold downD. hold over5. The robber tried to ______ the stolen goods from the house he had broken into, but was caught by the guards.A. make away withB. make off forC. get outD. get through6. The editors said they must report to the world how Beijing has ______ pollution and improved the quality of the environment.A. cut upB. cut offC. cut downD. cut out7. If drug abuse, prostitution, pollution, environmental decay, social inequality, and the like ______, more is required than an increased police presence or a fresh coat of paint.A. are to eliminateB. are eliminatedC. are to be eliminatedD. are being eliminated8. This toothed whale has a large, square head with ______ the so-called spermaceti.A. cavity to containB. cavity containingC. the cavity for containingD. a cavity that contains9. ______, the market will have to overcome some of the highest hurdles. It's seen in a long time.A. But to happen in that orderB. But for that in order to happenC. But in order that to happenD. But in order for that to happen10. With its anti-terrorism campaign taking ______ over anything else, thegovernment is extending its job and running in more affairs.A. superiorityB. priorityC. majorityD. polarity11. The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income has increased ______, and is continuing to increase.A. substantiallyB. successfullyC. succinctlyD. sufficiently12. China's economic reform is aimed at separating enterprises from the government. It has been implemented for almost 20 years, but breakthroughs ______.A. have been made yetB. have yet to makeC. have yet to be madeD. to have yet made13. Several trial efforts in the 1980s proved that it was financially ______ to restore old buildings.A. feasibleB. probableC. beneficiaryD. passable14. Unloved and unwanted youngsters may be tempted to run away from home to escape their problems, ______ bigger ones in cities plagued with crime, drugs, and immorality.A. have only foundB. only findingC. only foundD. only to find15. If the struggle for a sustainable society _____, we must have some vision of what we are aiming for.A. is to succeedB. has succeededC. succeedsD. succeeded16. A trap _____ disguise is what has come to be called a Trojan Horse, from the ancient story of the gift of the wooden horse from the Greeks.A. offered as a gift inB. offers a gift inC. offering a gift toD. offered a gift of17. Telecommuting is a new form of work _____to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home.A. that affording those unable previouslyB. affords those who were previously unableC. affording those previously unableD. afforded those previously unable18. _____ the passage of light, many new plastics are processed using technologies rivaling those used in the manufacture of computer chips.A. For the better ofB. Permitting betterC. To better permitD. It is better for19. The Flower Market in San Francisco is _____, and it was established in the 1930's.A. home of the second largest flower market in the countryB. home to the country's second largest flower marketC. the second flower market in the country's homeD. the home to the second country's large flower market20. The loyalty of dogs to their masters has earned _____ "man's best friend".A. the nickname ofB. them the nicknameC. a nicknameD. nicknamesPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage One(1) Gerald Feinberg, the Columbia University physicist, once went so far as to declare that "everything possible will eventually be accomplished." Well, that of course left only the impossible as the one thing remaining for daring intellectual adventurers to whittle away at Feinberg, for one, thought that "they'd succeed even there."(2) It was a point worth considering. How many times in the past had certain things been said to be impossible, only to have it turn out shortly thereafter that the item in question had already been done or soon would be. What greater cliche was there in the history of science than the comic litany of false it-couldn't-be-dones; the infamous case of Auguste Comte saying in 1844 that it would never be known what the stars were made of, followed in a few years by the spectroscope being applied to starlight to reveal the stars' chemical composition; or the case of Lord Rutherford, the man who discovered the structure of the atom, saying in 1933 mat dreams of controlled nuclear fission were "moonshine." And those weren't even the worst examples. No, the huffiest of all it-couldn't-be-done claims centered on the notion that human beings could actually fly, either at all, or across long distances, or to the moon, the stars, or wherever else.(3) There had been so many embarrassments of this type that about mid-century Arthur C. Clarke came out with a guideline for avoiding them, which he termed Clarke's Law: "When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong."(4) Still, one had to admit there were lots of things left that were really and truly impossible, even if it took some ingenuity in coming up with a proper list of examples. Such as. "A camel cannot pass through the eye of a needle." (Well, unless of course it was a very large needle.) On "It is impossible for a door to be simultaneously open and closed." (Well, unless of course it was a revolving door.)(5) Indeed, watertight examples of the really and truly impossible were so exceptionally hard to come by that paradigm cases turned out to be either trivial or absurd. "I know I will never play the piano like Vladimir Horowitz," offered Milton Rothman, a physicist, "no matter how hard I try". Or, from Scott Lankford, a mountaineer "Everest on roller skates."21. The false it-couldn't-be-dones in science are comic because ______.A. they are cliches, repeated too often by scientistsB. they are almost always proved to be wrong by later scientific researchC. they are mocked at by later generationsD. they provide material for good comedies22. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author uses the case of a camel passing through the eye of a needle to prove his point that there are things impossible to accomplish.B. That a scientist cannot play the piano like one of the best pianists is not a proper illustration to prove that in science there are things impossible to accomplish.C. Scott Lankford challenges the idea that mountaineers can never climb the Everest on roller skates.D. People now laugh at their predecessors for denying the possibility of human flight.23. Through this passage, the author wants to ______.A. show us that scientists in the past years have made a lot of misjudgmentsB. praise those scientists who dared to challenge the impossibleC. emphasize the great potential of the scientific research made by human beingsD. analyze what is possible and what is impossible through scientific effortsPassage Two(1) Since the lineage of investigative journalism is most directly traceable to the progressive era of the early 1900's, it is not surprising that the President of the United States at the time was among the first to articulate its political dimensions. Theodore Roosevelt called investigative reporters "muckrakers," after a character from John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress who humbly cleaned "the filth off the floor." Despite the misgivings implied by the comparison, Roosevelt saw the muckrakers as "often indispensable to the well-being of society".(2) There are in the body politic, economic and social, many and grave evils, and there is urgent necessity for the sternest war upon them. There should be relentless exposure of and attack upon every evil man, whether politician or businessman.(3) Roosevelt recognized the value-laden character of investigative journalism. He perceived correctly that investigative reporters are committed to unearthing wrongdoing. For these journalists, disclosures of morally outrageous conduct maximize the opportunity for the forces of "good" to recognize and do battle with the forces of "evil".(4) So, the current folklore surrounding investigative reporting closely resembles the American ideal of popular democracy. Partly a product of its muckraking roots, this idealized perspective is also an outgrowth of the commonly perceived effects of exposes published in the early 1970's. The most celebrated of these exposes were the news stories that linked top White House officials to Watergate crimes. These stories were widely held responsible for the public's loss of confidence in the Nixon administration, ultimately forcing the President's resignation.24. When the author talks about the political dimensions of the investigative journalism he refers to ______.A. John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and one of its characters "Muckrakers"B. its function of cleaning the dirt off the floor in public placesC. its relentless exposures of political and social evilsD. its indispensable status to the well-being of society25. Roosevelt's comparison of investigative reporters to "muckrakers" shows his view that these reporters ______.A. were treated lowly in the societyB. reduced journalism to a humble jobC. should be praised highly for their contributions to the societyD. did unpleasant but necessary work26. By using the word "folklore", the author suggests that ______.A. people tend to romanticize what is thought to be American popular democracyB. investigative journalism enhances democracy and freedomC. people often circulate the stories they read from investigative reportsD. investigative reports have difficulty in convincing people as truth27. The Watergate incident is mentioned to show ______.A. journalism has a tangible effect on politicsB. the Watergate incident is an abuse of the political powerC. journalism subverts legitimate political powerD. the victory of American freedom of speechPassage Three(1) Viewed from a star in some other corner of the galaxy, Earth would be a speck, a faint blue dot hidden in the blazing light of our sun. While our neighbors Venus and Mars would reflect a fairly even glow. Earth would put on a little show. Earth's light would brighten and dim as it spins, because oceans, deserts, forests and clouds which are all too small to be seen from such a distance, reflect varying amounts of sunlight. The variations, it turns out, are so strong and distinctive that surprising amount of information could be taken from a simple ebb and flow of light. Scientists at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study conducted a detailed study of Earth's reflections as a way for human scientists to learn about distant planets that may be like our own.(2) "If you looked at our solar system from far away, and you looked at the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, one of the quickest ways to see that Earth is unique, which is by looking at the light curve," said Ed Turner, professor of astrophysics and a co-author of the study. "Earth has by far the most complicated light curve." The standard thinking in the field had been that most of the information about an Earth-like planet would come from spectral analysis, a static reading of the relative component of different colors within the light, rather than a reading of changes over time. Spectral analysis would reveal the presence of gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and oxygen, in the planet's atmosphere. Looking at the change in light over time does not replace spectral analysis, but it could greatly increase the amount of information scientists could learn, said Turner. It may indicate, for example, the presence of weather, oceans, ice or even plant life.28. "Earth would put on a little show" means: as it spins, ______.A. Earth is a more active planet than Venus and MarsB. Earth reflects a brighter light curve than Venus and MarsC. Earth shows oceans, deserts, forests and clouds, while Venus and Mars don'tD. Earth reflects sunlight in an ebb-and-flow manner29. Spectral reading of the light reflected by an Earth-like planet ______.A. can tell us the components of that planet's atmosphereB. can locate oceans and forests on that planetC. can show what the weather on that planet is likeD. is the quickest way to study its light curve30. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Scientists at the Princeton University want to find that distant planets are like our Earth.B. Among all the terrestrial planets Earth's light curve is the most complicated.C. Spectral study of the light will see no development of itself because it is static.D. Spectral reading is used as a supplementary method to the study of the change in light over time.Section BDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)(31) A couple of months ago, Singaporean officials unintentionally made cinematic history. They slapped an NC-17 rating on a film, which means children under 17 cannot see it, not because of sex or violence or profanity, but because of bad grammar. Despite its apparently naughty title. Talking Cock, the movie is actually an innocuous comedy comprising four skits about the lives of ordinary Singaporeans. The censors also banned a 15-second TV spot promoting the flick. (32) All this is because of what the authorities deemed "excessive use of Singlish."(33) Given the tough crackdown, you would expect Singlish to be a harmful substance that might corrupt our youth, like heroin or pornography. But it's one of Singapore's best-loved quirks, used daily by everyone from cabbies to CEOs. (34) Singlish is simply Singaporean slang, whereby English follows Chinese grammar and is liberally sprinkled with words from the local Chinese. Malay and Indian dialects.I like to talk cock, and I like to speak Singlish. It's inventive, witty and colorful.(35) Singlish is especially fashionable these days among the younger generation, in part because it gives uptight Singapore a chance to laugh at itself. But the government is not amused. It doesn't like Singlish because it thinks it is bad language and bad for Singapore's image as a commercial and financial center.Part Three Cloze TestDirections: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) It is a dream world, where chemists can turn a sow's ear into a silk purse, where bioengineers can put a little bit of a sheep into a wolf, or vice versa, and where the life-styles of the rich are beamed by satellite (36) every upwardly mobile village on the planet. Thanks to science and technology, more people are consuming a more amazing array of worldly goods than at any time in history.But beneath the surface all is not well. Like Oscar Wilde's fictional creation Dorian Gray, who stayed forever (37) while a portrait of him in the attic aged horribly. The modern economy masks a disfigured planet. The engine of consumptionhas scarred the land and stained the sea, (38) away at the foundations of nature and threatening to destroy humanity's only means of survival. Today's elderly, born at the beginning of last century, started life in a world (39) about 50% of its ancient forests still standing. Though far from pristine, it was a world of oceans and land masses teeming with all kinds of life. But those who will be born after the turn of the millennium will (40) of age to find that previous generations have squandered and defiled their inheritance, foreclosing some options even as new ones were created. Our grandchildren may have (41) to conveniences that further reduce the drudgery of everyday life, but they will also inherit a planet with less than 20 % of its original forests (42) , with most of the readily available freshwater already spoken for and much of the arable (43) under plough. They will inherit a stressed atmosphere and an unwanted legacy of toxic waste in the soil and water. Missing from the estate will be countless species, most (44) out before even (45)_ catalogued by scientist. Part Four ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (—) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (—). Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)(46) Clonaid, a company associated by a group that believes extraterrestrials created mankind, announced Friday that it had produced the first clone of a human being. According to the spokeswoman, it is a baby girl who appears to have been born healthy.(47) As we know, cattle, mice, sheep and other animals have been cloned in the past years with mixing success. (48) All cloned animals have displayed defects later in life. (49) Scientists fear same could happen with cloned humans. (50) The company Clonaid is viewed skeptical by most scientists, who doubt the group's technical ability to clone a human being. (51) But the Clonaid spokeswoman said an dependent expert will confirm the baby's clone status through DNA testing.(52) Clonaid is lead by Brigitte Boisselier a former deputy director of research at the Air Liquide Group, a French producer of industrial and medical gases. (53) Clonaid is also linked to a sect called the Raelians whose founder, Claude V orihon, describes himself for a prophet and calls himself Rael. (54) The group believes cloning could extend human life for hundred of years. In fact, Clonaid has been racing the Italian fertility doctor Severion Antinori to produce the first cloned baby. (55) Antinori said in last month he expected one of his patients to give birth to a cloned baby in January.Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (15%)Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet2003年北京大学博士研究生入学考试真题答案Part One Structure and Written Expression1. A2. D3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. B Part Two Reading Comprehension21. B 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B Part Three Cloze Test36. to 37. young 38. eating 39. with40. come 41. access 42. intact 43. land44. wiped 45. beingPart Four Proofreading46. by→with 47. mixing→mixed48. All→Some 49. same→the same50. skeptical→skeptically 51. will→was going to52. lead→led 53. for→as54. hundred→hundreds 55. inPart Five Writing略2004年北京大学博士研究生入学考试真题Part Ⅰ Structure and Written ExpressionDirections:In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are ______, exist only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive2. Brooding and hopelessness are the ______ of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A. occupationsB. promisesC. frustrationsD. transactions3. What ______ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward4. ______ considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manB. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban manC. No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manD. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man5. Not until the 1980's ______ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens6. The buttocks are ______ most other parts in the body.A. likely less to cause fatale damage thanB. likely less causing fatal damage toC. less likely to cause fatal damage thanD. less likely to cause fatal damage to7. The concept of internet, ______ has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances8. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to ______ the idea of applying for study in the United States.A. reduceB. yieldC. relinquishD. waver9. His request for a day off ______ by the manager of the company.A. was turned offB. was turned downC. was put downD. was put away10. The index of industrial production ______ last year.A. raised up by 4 percentB. rose up with 4 percentC. arose up with 4 percentD. went up by 4 percent11. Please ______ if you ever come to Sydney.A. look at meB. look me upC. look me outD. look to me12. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A. a sharp set-backB. severe set-backC. a severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up13. By the end of the year 2004, he ______ in the army for 40 years.A. will have servedB. will serveC. will be servingD. will be served14. ______ there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. smith ______ the invitation to visit that area.A. If he knew, would have declinedB. If he had known, would declineC. Had he known, would declineD. Had he known, would have declined15. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could ______.A. hear somebody mournB. hear somebody mourningC. hear somebody mournedD. hear somebody, had been mourning16. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out ______.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best routeD. something that to be the best route17. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even ______.A. to consider supporting itB. considering to support itC. to considering to support itD. considering supporting it18. Among the first to come and live in North America ______, who later prospered mainly in New England.A. had been Dutch settlersB. Dutch settlers were thereC. were Dutch settlersD. Dutch settlers had been there19. The cargo box has a label ______ on it. Please handle it with care.A. "flexible"B. "break"C. "fragile"D. "stiff"20. ______ we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A. Much asB. As muchC. More asD. As well as Part Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWhat Makes a "Millennial Mind"?(1) Since 1000 AD, around 30 billion people have been born on our planet. The vast majority have come and gone unknown to all but their friends and family. A few have left some trace on history: a discovery made, perhaps, or a record broken. Of those, fewer still are remembered long after their death. Yet of all the people who have lived their lives during the last 1000 years, just 38 have achieved the status of "Millennial Minds" that's barely one in a billion. Those whose lives Focus has chronicled have thus become members of possibly the most exclusive list of all time. And choosing who should be included was not easy.(2) From the beginning, the single most important criterion was that the "Millennial Minds" are those who did more than merely achieve greatness in their own time, or in one field. Thus mere winners of Nobel Prizes had no automatic right to inclusion, nor artists who gained fame in their own era, but whose reputation has faded with changing fashion. The achievements of the genuine "Millennial Mind" affect our lives even. now, often in ways so fundamental that it is hard to imagine what the world was like before.(3) Not even transcendent genius was enough to guarantee a place in the Focus list. To rate as a "Millennial Mind", the life and achievements also had to cast light on the complex nature of creativity: its origins, nature and its personal cost.21. The first paragraph tells us that ______.A. Focus had a list of "Millennial Minds" worked out in secretB. Focus had compiled a biographical book of the lives of "Millennial Minds"C. Focus's list of the "Millennial Minds" consists of a strictly selected fewD. Focus tried hard to exclude most of the famous lives from the list of the "Millennial Minds"22. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Nobel Prize winners are not qualified for the "Millennial Minds".B. A "Millennial Mind" needs only to have a great influence on the lives of the people of his time.C. Only those whose achievements still greatly affect our lives today can be included in the list of the "Millennial Minds".D. The "Millennial Minds" are those who have changed human lives so much。

北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析电子教案

Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%）Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question thata wide solution.A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A．accustomed to split and dividedB．accustomed to splitting and dividingC．accustomed to split and dividingD．accustomed to splitting and divided13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself14．us earlier, your request to the full.A.You have contacted…we could comply withB.Had you contacted…we could have complied withC.You had contacted…could we have complied withD.Have you contacted…we could comply with15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious theirpsychology. No one can shield himself such an influence.A. on…by…atB. by…for…inC. from…in…onD. through…with…from17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create.A. boreB. boredC. boredomD. bordom18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lackedB. lackingC. for lack ofD. lack of19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine.A. that have toB. have toC. having toD. has to20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it.A. none the worseB. none the betterC. never worseD. never better21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color.A. cried out for…cried out forB. cry out for…cry out forC. had cried out for…cried out forD. had cried out for…cry out for22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very .A. triggerB. meagerC. vigorD. linger23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much being detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized24. We admire his courage and self-confidence.A. can butB. cannot onlyC. cannot butD. can only but25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed tonotice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundatingB. imitatingC. immolatingD. insulating26. you promise you will work hard, support you to college.A. If only…will IB. Only…I willC. Only if…will ID. Only if…I will27. It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt invention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern withB. any concern aboutC. any concern inD. any concern at28. One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolvedB. absolvedC. dissolvedD. solved29. People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, live less in retirement or bailed by the government.A. in…for…upB. for…on…outC. by…in…onD. on…for…out30. The country s deficit that year to a record 1698 billion dollarsA. soaredB. souredC. soredD. sourcedPart Three: Close Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose ONE best word for each numbered blank. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31 was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe that’s because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been 33 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly 34 copies. These days, high-quality copies are 35 . According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.I’d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won’t do much harm. But even as I’ve heard over the past decade that things weren’t 36 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year’s numbers have been worse. Maybe it’s time to admit that we may never find a way to 37 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract.“The nature of intellectual property,”he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s things.”31. A. As B. Same C. Thus D. So32. A. stagnating B. declining C. increasing D. stultifying33. A. taking B. robbing C. stealing D. pirating34. A. upgraded B. inferior C. ineffective D. preferable35. A. numerous B. ubiquitous C. accessible D. effortless36. A. so B. this C. that D. much37. A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile D. equate38. A. Based B. Capitalizing C. Reflecting D. Drawing39. A. match up with B. fill in C. fit into D. set up40. A. constraints B. consciousness C. norm D. etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension(20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crab’s claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A．D．, Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body’s four “humors,”brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B．C．concluded: “There is no treatment.”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “apoplexies”(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mind—as it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,”and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity.”At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,” belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness belie ved to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributed cancer—notably of the breast and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes. William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine”judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy.”In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,”and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,”Sontag wrote, “to aestheticize”cancer.41. According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians .A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumors42. Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A. Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB. In the past, people did not fear cancerC. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD. Some physicians believed that one s own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43. Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease”?A. Modern cancer care is very effectiveB. There is a lot more cancer nowC. People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44.“Neurasthenia”and diabetes are mentioned because .A. they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “disease of civilization”C. people dread them very muchD.they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45. As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. The care and management of cancer have development over timeB. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC. Cancer s identity has never changedD. Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassage TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U．S．economy had become “very distorted.”In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force”—was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,”increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas”was a central theme of John Edwards’s 2004 and 2008 presidential runs.) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation’s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2005 report to investors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U．S．consumer”or “the UK consumer”, or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Street’s swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit. And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.46. According to the passage, the U．S．economy .A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industrial economies47. Which of the following statement about today’s super-elite would the passage support?A. Today’s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB. Today’s super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselvesC. They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competitionD. They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality48. What can be said of modern technological innovations?A. They have lifted many people into the middle class.B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich.C. They have led to a rise of income inequality.D. They have benefited the general public.49. The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath .A. have compromised the rich with the non-richB. have enriched the plutocratic eliteC. have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD. have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich50. The primary purpose of the passage is to .A. present the financial imbalance in the U．S．B. display sympathy for the working classC. criticize the super elite of the Unite StatesD. appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U．S．Passage ThreeCharles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Ja n．1, has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch”that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece was intended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas.The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Ja n．10), until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it. Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks.Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,”took place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first in a new Director’s Lecture Series.Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality. Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species.”Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended. In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975.The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species”occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On the Origin of Species”as an “abstract”of the ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the larger work.This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable.Though others thought about evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea. In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea, something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have—such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea. Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species,”was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said.“Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “Darwinism.”51. According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is great in that.A. it was the most studied by later scientistsB. it had significant ideas about evolutionC. it was the first to talk about evolutionD. it was well received by the public52. Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch”to later printings of his book in an attempt to .A. credit the ideas about evolution before hisB. claim himself as the father of evolutionC. introduce his grandfather to the readerD. summarize his predecessors work53. In Friedman s view, Darwin s originality lies in .A. his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB. his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC. the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D. the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution54. We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in .A. a much larger bookB. a 400page bookC. scientific termsD. plain language55. Scientific discovery requires all the following Expect .A. coming up with a new ideaB. understanding the significance of the ideaC. making claims to the idea by writing booksD. convincing others of the correctness of the idesPassage FourMany adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isn’t the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brain’s ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest”sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. You’ll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire,resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well.For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them. It’s a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile”memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the mind’s long-term cache.56. According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?A. To sleep for an average period of time.B. To sleep deeply without dreaming.C. To sleep less than needed.D. To sleep modestly.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B. When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C. Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system.D. Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.58. Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”?A. It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B. It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C. Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REM sleep.D. Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when your brain is waking up.59.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B. Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C. You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s sleep.D. Long term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.60. What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?A. High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B. Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long term memory.C. Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D. High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.Part V: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets )immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:eg. 1(61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) begun beganeg. 2(62) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up .Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3(63) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (63)notWal-Mart announced Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”that allows customers to submit orders online and pick up their items few hours later in their local store. (62) The move is not revolutionary—Sears and Nordstrom, as instance, already have similar programs.(63) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sell more products. (64) Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the Web customer. (65) Encourage customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. (66) Best Buy offers both store pickup and “ship to store,”where items are shipped free from a local store. Ace Hardware, J．C．Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the others offering “ship to store”programs.In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected to be nationwide by June, customers can select from among 40,000 items online. (68) They will send a text message or e-mail alerting them when the order is ready, which usually takes about four hours.(69) “Not only we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but we also saw it as a way to drive incremental traffic to the stores, and incremental sales,”said Steve Nave, senior vice president and general manager of Walmar t．Com.(70) The program will include about 40000 items likewise electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods. (71) As of now, it does not include groceries, though M r．Nave did dismiss that possibility.(72) “We’re not ready to talk today about everything that’s going on in grocery,”he said“What we’ve tried to do is (73) focus on those categories where customers are most likely to be willing to make the purchase after they touch it or look at it.(74) This is a convenient play, trying to figure out what are the things that are going to drive more customers into the stores.”Wal-Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the time customers would have to wait for ship-to-store items, to four to seven days, from seven to 10 days.Part VI: Writing (15%)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words. Write it nearly on the Answer Sheet (2).In China, minimum wage becomes higher in many places. But people disagree over its benefits and drawbacks. Supporters say it increases the worker’s standard of living, while opponents say it increase unemployment. What do you think?Part II Structure and Written Expression（20%）11.【A】A项admits of“容许，有……的可能”；B项requires of“要求，要求得到”；C项needs of“满足需要”；D项seeks for“寻找，追求，探索”。

2006年6月北京地区研究生学位英语真题及答案

2006年６月１８日（A）Part II Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A ( 0.5 point each)21. The girl was fortune enough to live under the care of an involved father and a loving mother.A sympatheticB convictedC concernedD separated22. There is compelling evidence that pollution is responsible for many deadly diseases, such as cancer.A convincingB controversialC consistentD contradictory23. The advantage of the latest model will manifest itself in improved efficiency and protection of eye-sight.A investB concentrateC plungeD exhibit24. All the recommendations and advice will be considered in earnest before any action is taken.A beforehandB seriouslyC unanimouslyD enthusiastically25. Somet imes you have to take what is said on line with a grain of salt, otherwise there would be too much news.A completelyB willinglyC theoreticallyD skeptically26. Industrialized countries are on the cutting-edge of the trend of globalization that is spreading worldwide.A extreme frontB effective qualityC underlying forceD fierce opponent.27. The huge profit from patent rights forces many companies to develop new products on their own.A secretlyB independentlyC jointlyD readily28. In spite of his diminishing influence, this senior scientists has a say in some important issues.A expandingB piercingC decreasingD lasting29. It has been scientifically proved that man does have some inherent abilities that other species don’t possess.A geneticB internalC peculiarD inborn30. The young Galileo carried on his experiments, turning a deaf ear to his father’s plea.A suspendedB continuedC fulfilledD completed.Section B (0.5 point each)31. Too much time has ____since we worked on this project.A circulatedB elapsedC occupiedD detached32. The girl fresh from college finally received a job ___ she had been expecting.A requestB pleaC suggestionD offer33. However busy we are, we’ll try to get back home ___ the dinner on the eve of the Lunar New Year.A in time forB in exchange forC in store forD in return for34. Some difficult choices involving life and death are simply outside the ___ of economic analysis.A dimensionB scaleC domainD space35. China’s economy, which was now on the brink of collapse, was beginning to ___after the implementation of reform and opening-up .A pay offB take offC leave offD drop off36. After a month or so, she came to dislike the subject and wished she had not ___it ____.A put..upB given ..upC taken …upD made …up37. It is considered a crime to ___ an election of any kind by bribing voters.A fabricateB launchC populateD manipulate38. Visitors to this plateau are likely to have a ___ headache for the first five years.A splittingB slappingC slicingD sprawling39. The central government is intensifying efforts to popularize ___education in rural localities.A voluntaryB impulsiveC instinctiveD compulsory40. They are studying what kind of preferences might ___ this surging demand for home-made TV sets.A take a fancy toB bring into playC give rise toD grow out ofPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Nobody likes taking exams; exams in your own language can be stressful enough but somehow exams in a foreign language always seem to cause more worry and anxiety. Well, the good news is that, if you 41 some simple steps, taking English language exams can be really quite 42 . It won’t exactly be fun, but it certainly shouldn’t give you too many headaches or sleepless nights.If you are planning to 43 one of the well-known exams such as Cambridge First Certificate, you will probably find that there’s a preparation course 44 at a school near you. Check that the school has a good 45 of exam success and that the teacher is 46 . It is a good idea to ask if you will be given homework and 47 your written work will be marked by a teacher who knows the level of English 48 by the exam.If you take an exam preparation course your teacher will give you all the information you need and you will find that 49 in a class helps you to study more effectively. But you will still need to 50 in a lot of work yourself (after all, the teacher can’t take the exam for you.)41. A mind B walk C follow D keep42. A fascinating B painless C enjoyable D marvelous43. A have B prepare C participate D take44. A possible B available C offering D existing45. A management B foundation C expectation D record46. A experience B experiencing C experienced D experiences47. A how B that C what D whether48. A required B determined C corresponded D accorded49. A going B coming C being D getting50. A put B act C sit D give41. [C] follow 42. [B] painless 43. [D] take 44. [B] available 45. [D] record46. [C] experienced 47. [D] whether 48. [A] required 49. [C] being 50. [A] putPart IV Reading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage 1There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in the logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh,president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, it’s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not just gam es anymore. These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it’s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A desc ription of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knee and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?51. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A Those that help people learn more about computers.B Those that teach the features of the earth.C Those that provide special training for writers online.C Those that provide special training for pilots.52. According to one study, most computer and online games_________A allow the players to take part in killing acts.B teach the players to be antisocial.C make the players forget the real life results.D that young people liked contain violence53. What do es the underlined word “dismember” in Paragraph 4 mean?A To kick somebody out.B To cut somebody into pieces.C To dismiss somebodyD To stab a knife into somebody54. Many studies have suggested that ___________A more and more young people enjoy cruel computer games.B violence in computer games makes their players more aggressive.C there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer games.D simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence.55. The autho r uses “ television advertising” as an example to show that __________A other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life.B computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real life.C the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeD there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real life.56. The best title for the passage is _____________A The Dark Side of Computer Games.B Computer Games ----- Advantages and DisadvantagesC The Development of Violent Computer Games.D A Study on the Influence of ComputerGamesPassage TwoThe collapse of the Earth’s magnetic field----which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures----appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’s lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster; despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world’s largest effort at tracking the field’s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea of how this would e volve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather,” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “I’m personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the missi on.”No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. The process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car’s generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reversals. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.57. According to the passage, the Earth’s magnetic field has _________A begun to change in the opposite direction.B been weakening in strength for a long time.C caused the changes on the polarities.D misguided many a man and animal58. During the tr ansition of the Earth’s magnetic field__________A the compass will become useless.B man and animals will be confused as to directions.C the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappear.D the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger.59. According to the experts, the reversal of the Earth’s magnetic field would ____A destroy almost all the creatures on the EarthB cause some species extinctions on the Earth.C not be as disastrous as the previous one.D cause no big trouble for man and animals.60. According to the passage, ________________A we should not worry about the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field.B the Earth’s magnetic field will not change for at least 2,000 years.C the Earth’s magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidly.D the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field can be controlled by modern science.61. The author says “…the public has no reason to panic” because ___________A the transition is still thousands of years away.B the new transition will come 780,000 years from now.C the transition can be precisely predicted by scientists.D the process of the transition will take a very long time to finish.62. The transition of the Earth’s magnetic field is possible caused by _________A the flows of melted iron inside the EarthB the periodical movement of the Earth.C the mechanical energy of the solar systemD the force coming from outer space. Passage ThreeThe terror ist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that in today’s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the vent happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morals of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren’t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear th at is disproportionate with the actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violent becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn’t what you do, but it’s how it’s covered that determines the effect.” For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening’s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group’s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has t aken a hostage. It’s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,” says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity （无处不在）of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it’sthe only tactic they have available to them. “They don’t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don’t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,” says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one be heading （斩首）can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD. “You haven’t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, te rror, and making us all feel bad, you’ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”63. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?A Terrorist attacks.B The increase of military conflicts.C Advances in nuclear weapons.D Prosperity of the media.64. The goal of psychological warfare is to __________A change the ideology of the opponent.B win a battle without military attacks.C generate a greater sense of fear.D bring about more physical damage.65. According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because ________A psychological terrorism is a tactic.B terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat.C the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threat.D publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat.66. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that ___________A means determines effectsB hostage crises are prevalentC psychological terrors remain harmlessD the American media is effective67. Terrorists hold an individual as a hostage to ___________A scare the publicB demonstrate their crueltyC manipulate the government concernedD show their group power68. In this passage the author __________A emphasizes the great impact of psychological warfare.B criticizes the violence of terrorism.C calls for an end to psychological warfare.D opposes the hostage crisis. Passage FourIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall’s entering classes---- the first since Katrina----will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their situations. Many of the most selective schools require students----who increasingly are applying to multiply institutions---to make their choices by May1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications---about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell inside its recruitment schedule. Dillard won’t release numbers, but spokeswoman Naureen Larkins says applications weredown and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of las t year’s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane Univ ersity, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class---- 1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to please admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni （校友会）around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year’s level. Dillard, to o, is freezing tuition. It’s also hosting town meetings in target cities and region s nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September “to turn away from the majority of the hurricane season,” Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane , among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admission officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, ‘I want to be a part of the action,” says Stieffel, noting that Loyola’s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come,” he says.69. The word “Katrina” in Para. 1 probably refers to ____________A a hurricaneB an admission officialC a universityD a student70. It can be learned from the passage that __________A most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutions.B more students are applying to multiple institutions.C all students are required to make their institution choices by May, 1.D university trustees make decisions on enrollment.71. The following statements are all true EXCEPT______A Tulane University also saw drops in applications this year.B Xavier University fell behind its recruitment schedule.C applicants to Xavier university fell by about half of last year’s record.D Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions.72. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are both ____A freezing tuitionsB extending applications deadlines.C hosting meetingsD increasing scholarships73. Tulane University enjoyed an increase in applicants due to its ______________A new enrollment policies.B aggressive recruitment scheduleC academic positionD financial situation74. The passage is mainly concerned with ___________A the drops of the applicants of universities.B the dilemma of the admission officials.C the usual rules of college admissions.D the effects of the hurricane.Passage FiveA store exposure to crime does not diminish when the store is closed. On the contrary, as night falls, criminals are on the move looking for the best crime opportunity. This period of time is, in fact, critical. Owners generally rely only on the presence of physical barriers and electronic security. But they do not seem to be able to stop a determined effort by a group of professional criminals.When closes, commercial stores can be attacked in many different ways such as :Three-minute burglary. It involves attacking a glass front door or a window at night, smashing a display case, and stealing merchandise left out of safes. This type of criminals has little concern about the alarm system: They intend to be gone before any reaction is made to the alarm signal. In the United States, this type of burglary represents nearly 75% of all the burglary events n the jewelry industry.Ramming. It means driving into a store by smashing the front windows or doors. It has also been a practice used by criminals to gain access to valuable merchandise.Safecracking. It involves attacking a safe and stealing its contents. It should not be left out as a risk for store owners, but it makes up for a very small percentage of closed store crimes. This type of crime is decreasing as a result of the high security safes and alarm systems.Robbery is not frequent during closing time, but always represents a threat to store owners. Criminals may in fact decide to take them (or family members) hostage when at home and force them back to the store.To reduce the risks for a closed store crime to occur, the following reduction strategies are recommended:Safes. Time locks on safes, which allow opening only at specified times, can be considered as an added source of protection. Making use of different safes for high value merchandise can also reduce potentially heavy losses.Exterior and interior lighting. This is essential, as it remains one of the most effective weapons against burglary, theft and armed robbery. Lights should be positioned at strategic points and exterior lights should be protected against damage.Security systems. Detection and security systems are extremely important. Another interesting device is the smoke screen system. Once activated, this system, within seconds, fills a small area with a thick but harmless smoke, thus preventing criminals from seeing and forcing them to flee.75. A store exposed to crime at day time __________A is less likely to be attacked with the presence of physical barriers at night.B seems to invite a group of professional criminals at night.C creates the best crime opportunity at night.D is more likely to be broken into at night.76. Three-minute burglars do not worry much about the alarm system because _________A they know how to destroy the alarm system.B they know how to stay away from the alarm system.C they can finish their work within a short period of time.D they have made sure that no policeman is around at that time.77. Which of the following crimes is most commonly found in the jewelry industry?A RammingB RobberyC SafecrackingD Three-minute burglary.78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of reducing safecracking?A Bigger safesB Alarm systemsC High security safesD Time locks on safes.79. The smoke screen system is mainly used to ___________A prevent criminals from running out of stores.B prevent criminals from opening the safes.C force the criminals to give in to the police.D force the criminals to run out of the stores.80. The passage is mainly about _____A a comparison of different alarm systems.B various store crimes and strategies against them.C the relations between store locations and crime rates.D the importance of security systems in preventing crimes.Paper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Social progress has done away with the need for backbreaking work and has provided time and leisure for personality development. With it, indeed because of it, today the middle-class family expects each of its members to develop his unique personality, and so does each individual, more or less, himself. This new obligation of the family to provide a setting for the development of a unique personality makes family consensus extremely difficult, if not impossible. Nothing is more problematic for a small group of quite different, unique individuals than to live in close quarters, in close harmony with each other. Besides, the necessity of cultivating teenagers’ moral character adds to the difficulty in parenting.Section B ( 15 minutes, 10 points)人们经常抱怨“就医难，学费难”，可另一个值得注意的问题是大学毕业生就业难。

考博英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编6.doc

考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：4，分数：90.00)（北京大学2006年试题） Last year French drivers killed【1】than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely【2】the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon【3】3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success; the government plants to install 500【4】radar devices this year. So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses【5】the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year's London bombing, in which video cameras【6】a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month【7】the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, internet and phone data for "anti-terror"【8】In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were【9】to give up some civil liberty to improve【10】.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（北京大学2006年试题）Any parent with a child【1】the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you【2】technology has crept into nearly【3】aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a【4】in point. "It's the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise," says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has【5】un-veiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5,【6】Animal Scramble, which is due【7】stores in September. In【8】, the firm will soon release Hyper Jump. "Play and technology are【9】," says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents'Choice Foundation. "There's【10】putting the genie back in the bottle.)"（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（中国矿业大学2007年试题） The Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for【1】. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the "chonta-durre" palm and a drink of "chicha". When the sun has【2】over the river, some of the younger women go【3】their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【4】maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are【5】for drinking water and for "chicha". Later they have to【6】the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【7】day involves much the same【8】. The men, who may have been hunting during the night,【9】the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or "atarraya" net. In January after the rains,【10】men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【11】, in August and September, they sow a【12】crop. Four months after each【13】, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【14】, and after the babies are【15】in their hammocks they discuss the day's events.（分数：30.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(11).【11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(12).【12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(13).【13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(14).【14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(15).【15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（中国矿业大学2006年试题） Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. Currently,【1】, the term usually refers【2】an electronic device that can【3】a series of tasks according to a set of instructions. In 1953 there were only about 100 computers 【4】use in the world. Today hundreds of millions of computers are【5】in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable【6】. Modern desktop【7】computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million dollar【8】of computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion operations per second. These computers are used not【9】for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most or the automated【10】required by small business. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are generally used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business application.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________。

2006年高考北京卷英语试题及参考答案

2006年普通高校招生全国统一考试英语试题北京卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至16页，第Ⅱ卷17至18页，共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1. 答题前考生务必分别将答题卡Ⅰ和答题卡Ⅱ上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写，用2B铅笔将准考证号对应的信息点涂黑。

2. 答试卷第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡Ⅰ上对应题目的答案选中涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准。

如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其他答案项。

在试卷上答题无效。

3. 答试卷第Ⅱ卷时，必须用黑色笔迹的签字笔按题号顺序答在答题卡Ⅱ的红色框答题区域相对应位置内，未在对应的答题区域内做答或超出答题区域做答均不得分。

在试卷上答题无效。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共115分）第一部分：听力理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1. 5分，共7. 5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

1. What size does the woman want?A. Size 8.B. Size 10.C. Size 12.2. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a post office.B. In a hotel.C. In a bank.3. Why is the man going to New York?A. To live there.B. To visit a friend.C. To have a vacation.4. What are they going to do?A. Play tennis.B. Go swimmingC. Do some cleaning.5. What is the man doing?A. Making an announcement.B. Making an appointment.C. Making an invitation.第二节（共15小题：每小题1. 5分，共22. 5分）听下面6段对话或独白。

北京大学考博英语真题及答案.docx

Part Two: Structure and Written Expression20Directions: In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.21.The nuclear family __________ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A. refers toB. definesC. describesD. devotes to22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe thatelderly Americans are________ by social isolation and loneliness.A. reproachedB. favoredC. plaguedD. reprehended23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ________ the quality of interpersonal relationship.A. ascendsB. compelsC. enhancesD. prefers24.In the past 50 years, there ________ a great increase in the amount of research_____on the human brain.A. was⋯ didB. has been⋯ to be doneC. was⋯ doingD. has been⋯ done25. “I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like. ”“ Wetold you not to eat at a restaurant.You’d better _______ at home when you are not in theshape. ”A. to throw up⋯ to eatB. throwing up⋯ eatingC. to throw up⋯ eatD. throwing up⋯ eat26. Parent shave to show due concerns to theirchildren’s creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably _______ their enthusiasm and aspirations.A. hold backB. hold toC. hold downD. hold over27.According to psychoanalysis, aperson ’s attention is attracted ________ by the intensity of different signals ________ by their context, significance, andinformation content.A. not less than ⋯ asB. as⋯ justasC. so much⋯ asD. not so much⋯ as 28.They moved to Portland in1998 and lived in a big house, _______ to the south.A. the windows of which openedB. the windows of it openedC. itswindows opened D. the windows of which opening29.The lady who has_______ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to bea distant relation of his.A. put him upB. put him outC. put him onD. put him in30.By standers,_______,_________ as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered with dust, looking dazed31.Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US________ closed for an apparent security review.32.American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game ______the legendary O’ Neal,who ______ the “ GreatWall ”at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.-A. in head of, ran onB. in head of, ran intoC. ahead of, ran ontoD. ahead of, ran into33.Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in _________ computers.A. abstractB. obsoleteC. obstinateD. obese34.She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house“I. actually think there ’s something about the______ of paper that feels morecomforting. ”She said.A. tangibilityB. tanglednessC. tangentD. tantalization35. “ Theysaid what we alwaysknew, ”said an administration source,___________.A. he asked not to be namedB. who asked not to be namedC.who asked not be named D. who asked not named36.In Germany, the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recently_______their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A. muscledB. movedC. mushedD. muted37.He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has leftthe country_______.38.The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he isa terrorist_______.A. who is pure and simpleB. being pure and simpleC.pure and simple D. as pure and simple39.This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and toa rapid and terrible ________ in the character of the population.A. determinationB. deteriorationC. desolationD. desperation40._______ a declining birthrate, there will be an over-supply of 27,000 primary school places by 2010, _______ leaving 35 school sidle.B. Coupling with, equivalent toC. Coupled with, equivalent toD. Coupling with, equals toPart Three: Reading Comprehension 10Passage One The HeroMy mother ’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German. Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had never the less all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted,“ It the’s armistice. The war is over. ”For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.41. Where was thenarrator family’s when this story took place?A. In Germany.B. In Hungary.C. In the United StatesD. In New York.42.His grandfather ____________.A. could not speak and read English well enoughB. knew nine languages equally wellC. knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to GermanD. loved German best because it made him think of home43.His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because ________.A. it was war time and Germans were their enemyB. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC.it was easier to get newspapers in English in AmericaD. nobody else read newspapers in German during the wartime44. The narrator mother’s wanted her brother to go to fight in the war,because________.A. like everybody else at the wartime, she was verypatriotic B. she hated the war and the Germans very muchC. all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be likethem D. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage TwoWaking Up from the American DreamsThere has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of“ Wal-Martization of”America, which refers to the attempt of America ’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, they ’ costlyre in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift work to subcontract or sand temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India. The result has been an erosion of one ofAmerica ’s most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their life times. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middleclass as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decriedschools in’adequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45. The American dream in this passage mainly refers to____________.A. there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB. Americans can always move up the pay ladderC. American young people can have access to college, even they arepoor D. the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs46.Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to___________.A. hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB. outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home andabroad C. hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD. dismantle the career ladder and stop peopl’s mobilityupward 47. Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?A. Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B. Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S.C. More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D. Although people know how to restore American mobility, it ’s difficult to change the present situation.Passage Three Seniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And theyare willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major real-estate developer shave broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburbanretirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer,Fran Mc Carthy asks: “ Whoever thought that suburban flight would beroundtrip? ”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging--- social isolation. In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.48.Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________.A. they find there are too many crimes in the suburbsB. unlike the flats in the city, their country house have stairs to climbC. they are no longer interested in playing golfD. in the city, they have more social and cultural life againstloneliness 49. From the passage we can infer that_________.A. the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of constructionwith senior retireesB. a life in the downtown city is expensive, and most of those retirees who movedback into the city are very well-offC. with more older people living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautifulD. very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis50. Fran Mc Carthy ’s question means: nobody ever thought that__________.A. people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB. suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take roundtripC. suburban flight years ago would go in circlesD. senior people ’s moving back into the city would take place all over theUnited StatesDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your ownEnglish the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answerson ANSWERSHEET(2)15(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says. There searchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine thepatient ’s emotional statejust before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results witha control group of uninjured people.(52)Despite widespread belief in“ roadrage, ”anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53)Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries–those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or trafficaccidents–also showed strong associations with anger.(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury, said” the study ’s lead author.Part Four: Cloze Test10Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numberedblank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET (2).Last year French drivers killed(56)_______ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely(57)________ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation ’s high ways since 2003, which experts reckon(58)_______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans toinstall 500(59)______radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses(60)_______ the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But lastyear ’s London bombing,in which video cameras(61)________a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spuraseachange. A month(62)_______ the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for“ anti-terror” (63) a.InBritish poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were(64)_______ to give up some civil liberty toimprove(65)________.Part Five: Proof reading 10Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash(/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash(/). Put your answer on ANSWERSHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(66)begun beganeg.2(67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely) had (they)eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68)But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once amajor component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.(70)Canny college officials,in turn, have found a tactical way to response.(71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages forentire senior class, they essentially recreate anapplicant class’s rank.(72)The process has left them exasperating.(73)“weIf’ relooking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that theyare among the best in their school, with a rank wedon’t necessarily know that, said” Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six: Writing15Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topicgiven below. Write it neatly on ANSWERSHEET(2).Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled:“ WeShould No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics The”.article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people inthePeople ’s Congress or thePeople ’s Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced to do so. What do you think?56. fewer 57. to 58. saved 59. more 60. as 61. played 62. after 63. purposes 64.ready/ willing 65. security北京大学 2006 年博士入学考试试题答案Listening0.5each)1-5BCAAD6-10BADCA11-15CBADA16-20BDCB ＣC1:immune C11:insufficientC2:range C12:accidentsC3:quarter C13:wheelC4:uninterrupted C14:shiftC5:tossing C15:riskC6:destined C16:deterioratesC7:claim C17:snatchC8:fooling C18:skepticalC9:deprivation C19:substituteC10:correlation C20:insomniaStructureandwrittenexpression1pointeach)21-25accdd26-30adaab 31-35cdbab 36-40abcbcReading1pointeach)41-45ccbda 46-50cbdbaParaphrasing:(3pointseach)51.According to new research, getting angry adds to the chances of gettingphysically hurt, particularly for male.52.even people generally believe that people easily get angry when driving on the road, but anger didn ’t have much/anything to do with injuries from traffic accidents,/ but not many injuries from traffic accidents are the results of anger on the road.53.It is not at all surprising that anger is a very important reason for peoplewho intentionally hurt themselves.54.We see this strong link between anger and injury more in men than in women, but different races of people did not show much variation.55.People do not know yet why anger is associated with injury.Cloze:(1pointeach)56.Fewer57.To 58.Saved 59.More 60.As 61.Played 62.After63.Purposes 64.Ready 65.SecurityProofreading:(1pointeach)66.Highly-high 67.Pore-poreover 68.Anything-something 69.Better-good70.Response-respond 71.Forentire-foranentire 72.Exasperating-exasperatedbS73.With-without 74.Strategy-thestrategy 75.And-butWriting:(15points)。

2006年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2006年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．In the information age, the messages the average Westerner is______with are not religious but commercial.A．bombarded’B．exposedC．struckD．covered正确答案：A解析：bombarded意为“炮轰，轰击”，如Enemy positions were bombarded before our infantry attacked(炮轰敌军阵地之后，我步兵开始进攻)，be bombarded with意为“受到……的轰击”；exposed意为“使暴露，受到”，常用be exposed to 形式；struck意为“打，撞击”，be struck with意为“给……留下深刻印象”；covered 意为“覆盖，保护”，be covered with意为“覆盖着”。

句意是，在这个信息时代，每个西方人都受到了大量信息的轰击，这种信息不是宗教方面的而是商业方面的。

所以正确答案是A选项。

2．______my return, I learned that my supervisor had gone to the lab and would not be back for several hours.A．ForB．InC．OnD．To正确答案：C解析：句意是，我一回来就得知我导师刚走，而且几小时后才能回来。

词组on one’s return表示“某人一回来就……”，所以正确答案是C选项。

2006年医学考博英语真题附答案

2006年医学考博英语真题附答案31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.B.endorsedC.cashed cash a check以支票兑换现款D.endowed捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。

32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school ___ her raceA.. by virtue of .依靠, 由于B.in accordance withC.with respect toD.on account of 由于33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A..standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗ing up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现C.sitting in参加D.filling in34The witness was.___ by the judge for failing to answer the questionA. sentencedB.threatenedC.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,要求, 催D.jailed监禁35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried.publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上A..put off 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻ugh off v.用笑摆脱C.pay off v. 报复, 赢利 y offv.解雇, 停止工作,休息, 划出36.It is sheer （完全的; 十足的） ___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestigen.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise 天堂C.prideD.privacy秘密, 私事In such matters, privacy is impossible.在这类事情中, 保密是不可能的。

北京大学考博英语真题2000-2004年答案

北京大学考博英语真题2000-2004年答案北大考博英语2000-2004真题答案2000年试题答案Part I structure and written expression1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D6.D7.C8.C9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.A 23.C24.A 25.CPart II reading comprehension26.B 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.D 40.A41. Charm is a gift born with people. People who have charm used to make others happy. Charm grows with use and creates a pleasant, summer-like atmosphere for others. Charm is also decided by the taste and tact of the person who has it.42. When you are with charming people, you can feel it. But it is not something that everyone can have. To be charming, one needs a born quickness of sense and mind, and charming people have a way with people that are uniquely their own and cannot be taught or trained.43. Tricks like wrinkling nose or tossing hair are not charming. On the contrary, they can frighten nervous people away (make them uncomfortable) and want to run away and hide from such unnatural ap proach. But, on the other hand, charm has something to do with one’s ability to feel for others. This is an instinct most people have, and if one cares for others, such awareness will grow.44. The generosity of charming people does not demand a return of generosity from others; it is an offer of pleasant company without asking for repay; and it is given free without waiting after testing whether the recipient is worth the kindness.45. Charm shows itself in the form of casual, yet graceful, easy manners. Such ease and grace do not come because one happens to be young, but are the result of a mature, confident and peaceful personality.Part III Cloze46. them 47. observations 48. not 49. mind 50.another 51.as 52. than 53. forces 54. only 55.how Part IV Proofreading56. (has) been (used) 57. lack----absence 58. explain-----stand59. of-----for 60. rests-------rest 61. (from) being (a)62. unmeasured-----unmeasurable 63. (in) the (human) 64. those----are65. thought-----made 66.(that) which (I) 67.its------their 68.wishful----wishfully69.outgrow----outgrown 70.as 去掉71. (extent) does (it) 72. the----in 73. (unthinking) like 74.giving----gives75. imaginative (persons)------imaginary (persons)2001年答案Part I Structure and Written Expression1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.D7.A8.D9.C 10.A11.B 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A21.D 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.BPart II Reading Comprehension26.C 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.C 31.C 32.B 33.B 34.D35.A 36.D 37.C 38.D 39.C 40.B41. The most common work in life provides a person with a great deal of opportunities to make effort and improve himself.42. One’s happiness and success depend on one’s doing his duties well and faithfully.43.Those who think carefully about reality will find that fortune or success belongs to those who work hard.44. Few of the greatest men believe in genius. They have achieved their success also through common sense and perseverance as other successful men have.45. Some even believe that a genius is only a person with concentrated common sense.Part III Cloze46.between 47.for 48.another 49.as 50.how 51.there52.parents 53.importance 54.likely 55.thanPart IV Proofreading56.become------becoming 57.thousand-----thousands 58.(that) of (all)59.(have) the (fossils) 60.into-----through 61.though去掉62.(exposed) to (the) 63.(disintegrate) in (the)64.(chemicals) that (change) 65.when----as 66.in-----on67.(if) a (huge) 68.towered-----towering 69.where-----that70.(out) to (sea) 71.(bodies) into (the) 72.(the) cities (of)73.remarkably------remarkable 74.for 去掉74.leave-----leaving2002年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.D 42.C 43.C 44.B 45.C 46.B 47.C 48.A49.A 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.B 55.C 56.C57.A 58.A 59.B 60.CPart III Reading Comprehension61.D 62.B 63.D 64.D 65.C 66.A 67.B 68.C 69.D70.A71. People trying to prolong their lives and seek for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are actually defeating themselves inwardly.72. It becomes possible for one to extend one’s life by medical means. But such life has lost its dignity and value, just like over-used resources or powerless politics.73. These views are not to show anger towards medicine, nor do they mean any rude fighting against the victory of medicine.74.Therefore, the most successful time of medicine becomes the beginning of a hard situation.75. Medicine has made people’s expectations to it too high, and people let their expectations grow unlimitedly without realizing it.Part IV Cloze76.all 77.feeling/emotion 78.telling 79.impossible 80.another81.imagined 82.out 83.risk 84.for 85.reducedPart V Proofreading86.impersonate----impersonating 87.flashing----flash 88.speed----speeding89.is-----was 90.as-----than 91.mere-----merely 92.apologizing---apology93.whom----which 94.with----in 95.(was) not (mine)2003年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.A 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.A 46.C 47.C 48.D 49.D50.B 51.A 52.C 53.A 54.D 55.A 56.A 57.C 58.C59.A 60.BPart III Reading Comprehension61.B 62.A 63.C 64.C 65.D 66.A 67.A 68.D69.A 70.B71. A few months ago, government officials of Singapore did something that was quite historic in the movie industry, but they did not do it on purpose.72. The reason why the Singaporean government didn’t allow children under 17 to watch the movie and banned the 15-second advertisement was that the government officials thought that the movie used too much Singaporean English.73. If you take the strict action against the movie into account, you would think that Singlish was something harmful like drugs or obscene materials that might lead young people astray.74.Singlish is just slang English spoken in Singapore, in which Chinese grammar is applied and it is freely mixed here and there with words from local Chinese, Malay and Indian dialects.75.Singaporean English is especially popular nowadays among young people, partly because the language gives worried, nervous and anxious Singaporeans a chance to make fun of themselves. Part IV Cloze76.to 77.young 78.eating 79.with e 81.access82.intact nd 84.wiped 85.beingPart V Proofreading86. by----with 87.mixing----mixed 88.all-----some 89.(fear) the (same)90.skeptical----skeptically 91. dependent----independent92.lead----led 93.for----as 94.hundred----hundreds 95.in去掉2004年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.B 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.D 46.C 47.C 48.C 49.B50.D 51.B 52.A 53.A 54.D 55.B 56.B 57.A 58.A59.C 60.APart III Reading Comprehension61.C 62.D 63.A 64.C 65.D 66.B 67.A 68.B69.D 70.B71. It is useful for people not be so frightened and sad when they get to know that they are caught up with a serious illness.72. Medical researchers, who believe in Calen, an ancient Greek doctor, have discovered that depression can cause other illnesses or exacerbate the illnesses that have already existed.73. Once people have recognized what illness they get, it will deteriorate.74. It is natural for one to be greatly concerned about his illness; however, it will be reasonable for one to have good confidence that he can overcome it.75.Even if one is caught up with the most serious illness, such as AIDS, it does not necessarily follow that one will die of it soon.Part IV Cloze76. dead 77. funeral 78. afterlife 79. when 80. with 81.and 82.grave 83.by 84. for 85. secondPart V Proofreading86.could----can 87.( find) it (easier) 88.taking-----taken89.implications----implication 90.transform------change 91.reflecting---reflection92.wide----widely 93.and去掉94.while去掉95.like-----as考博英语怎么复习？/yingyu_fuxi.html考博英语真题汇总专题/kaobo_zhenti.html 2012考博英语词汇/kaobo_yingyu_cihui.html2012考博英语作文模板/kaobo_yingyu_zuowen.html2012医学考博专题/yixue_kaobo.html 2012医学考博英语/yixue_kaobo_yingyu.html2012医学考博英语听力/yixue_yingyutingli.html。

2006年北京大学考博英语真题

2006年北京大学考博英语真题Part One: Listening ComprehensionThere are 3 sections in this part.In sections A and B you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then choose thecorrect answer for each question. Mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET. Section A: Conversations (5%)Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversationscarefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, youwill be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.1. Which is NOT the purpose of Mr. Lewis’ visit?A. To see friends.B. To give concerts.C. To vacation.D. To give private lessons.2. What kind of cello did Mr. Lewis use when he was eight?A. A full-sized cello.B. A half-sized cello.C. A two-thirds-sized cello.D. It is not mentioned.3. What is true about Mr. Lewis’ cello?A. He always takes it with him.B. It was made by his uncle.C. He borrowed it from his uncle.D. He got a seat free for his cello.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.4. What is the main purpose of the research?A. To make preparations for a new publication.B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.C. To know how housework is shared.D. To investigate what people do at the weekend.5. What does the man do on Fridays?A. He goes to exercise classes.B. He goes sailing.C. He goes to the cinema.D. He stays at home.6. On which day does the couple always go out?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.D. Any weekday.7. Which personal detail does the man give?A. Surname.B. First name.C. Address.D. Age.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation,you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.8. What conclusion can we draw about Mike before he went to the camping school?A. He was eager to do the course.B. He had done outdoor activities.C. He enjoyed life in the open.D. He was reluctant and timid.9. Mike participated in all the following activities EXCEPT _________.A. hiking.B. canoeingC. swimmingD. camping10. Which of the following words is most appropriate to describe Mike after the camping school?A. Independent.B. Strong.C. Determined.D. Persistent.Section B: Talks (50)Directions: In this section, you will hear several talks. Listen to the talks carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk. At the end of the talk, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the talk.11. What happened on January 27th, 1967?A. Three men were injured during a fire.B. One man died during the fire accident.C. A fire started inside a spaceship.D. A spaceship was launched.12. What happened in 1981?A. The space program was suspended,B. Five men were injured during an accident,C. The accident occurred before the rehearsal.D. No accident happened that year.13. What does the talk say about accidents?A. Accidents are unavoidable.B. Accidents can be avoided.C. Human beings are always careless.D. There should be more precautions.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following talk. At the end of the talk, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the talk.14. BBC’s weather forecast is a program.A. seldom watchedB. little knownC. newD. popular15. Weather observations come from all the following sources EXCEPT _________A. computersB. satellitesC. the groundD. radar16. What does the talk say about BBC's forecasters?A. They read from script.B. They are professional.C. They use a map for presentation.D. They care about their clothes.17. What does the talk say about British television viewers?A. They remember what they saw on weather forecasts.B. They like talking about weather instead of watching.C. They pay more attention to the style of the presenters.D. They watch and remember what is necessary.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following talk. At the end of the talk, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions,Now listen to the talk.18. Which is NOT showing an increase this year?A. Number of tourists,B. Holiday travelers.C. Shopping.D. Dining and entertaining.19. What does the talk say about this year's business travelers?A. There are fewer business travelers.B. There are more business travelers.C. The number remains the same as last year's.D. It is not mentioned in the talk.20. Which is the largest single visitor expenditure?A. Hotel accommodation.B. Meals.C. Shopping.D. Entertainment.Section C: Spot Dictation (10%)Directions: in this section you are going to hear a report on the strong link between sleep and fatal accident. Some words are taken out and you are expected to fillin the missing words as you listen. The report will be read TWICE and you will have one minute to check your work. Then put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). Now listen to the report.Inadequate rest means a weaker (C1) system, laying the body open to a whole (C2) of illnesses. On the average a man needs seven hours of sleep a day and a woman seven and a (C3) hours. Six hours of (C4)_________sleep is better than ten hours of (C5)____________ and turning, however. People who sleep less than six hours a night are (C6)____________ for an early death.Some people (C7)__________________that they can get by with little sleep when necessary. But experts think these people are (C8) themselves.Between sleep (C9) and fatal accidents there is an obvious (CI0)___________. People who get (C11) _____ sleep or poor quality sleep have a higher risk of (C12)____________ on the road. They are more likely to fall asleep at the (C13)______________ and kill people or get killed. Professional drivers and (C14) workers are most likely to take the (C15) .The performance at work also (CI6) _____________because of sleep deprivationThe pressures of work deprive people of sleep. To make it up, they try to (C17)___________ catnaps. But experts are a little (C18)_______________about the benefits of catnapping. They tell us that the catnap can never be a (C19)_____________for proper sleep. For victims of (C20) , catnapping in the day is the worst thing they can possibly do.(This is the end of listening comprehension.)Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%)Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.21. The nuclear family a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A. refers toB. definesC. describesD. devotes to22. Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are _________by social isolation and loneliness.A. reproachedB. favoredC. plaguedD. reprehended23. In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ________ the quality of interpersonal relationship.A. ascendsB. compelsC. enhancesD. prefers24. In the past 50 years, there _________ a great increase in the amount of research _______ on the human brain.A. was...didB. has been.., to be doneC. was.., doingD. has been...done25. “I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like ________.”“We told you not to eat at a restaurant. You'd better _________ at home when you are not in the shape.”A. to throw up... to eatB. throwing up... eatingC. to throw up.. eatD. throwing up.. eat26. Parents have to show due concerns to their children's creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably __________ their enthusiasm and aspirations.A. hold backB. hold toC. hold downD. hold over27. According to psychoanalysis, a person's attention is attracted ________ by the intensity of different signals ________ by their context, significance, and information content.A. not less than asB. as...just asC. so much...asD. not so much as28. They moved to Portland in 1998 and lived in a big house, to the south.A. the windows of which openedB. the windows of it openedC. its windows openedD. the windows of which opening29. The lady who has ________ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his.A. put him upB. put him outC. put him onD. put himin30. Bystanders, , ________as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered With dust, looking dazed31. Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US ________ closed for an apparent security review.A. ConsulationB. ConstitutionC. ConsulateD. Consular32. American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game _________ the legendary O’Neal, who _________ the “Great Wall” at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.A. in head of, ran onB. in head of, ran intoC. ahead of, ran ontoD. ahead of, ran into33. Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in __________ computers.A. abstractB. obsoleteC. obstinateD. obese34. She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house. “I actually think there's something about the _________ of paper that feels morecomforting,” she said.A. tangibilityB. tanglednessC. tangentD. tantalization35. “They said what we always knew,”said an administration source, _________________.A. he asked not to be namedB. who asked not to be namedC. who asked not be namedD. who asked not named36. In Germany, the industrial giants DaimlerChrysler and Siemens recently ________their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A. muscledB. movedC. mushedD. muted37. He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has left the country ________.A. energizedB. enervatedC. nervedD.enacted38. The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is a terrorist __________.A. who is pure and simpleB. being pure and simpleC. pure and simpleD. as pure and simple39. This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible ________ in the character of the population.A. determinationB. deteriorationC. desolationD. desperation40._______ a declining birth rate, there will bean over-supply of 27;000 primary school places by 2010, _________ leaving 35 schools idle.A. Coupled with, equals toB. Coupling with, equivalent toC. Coupled with, equivalent toD. Coupling with, equals toPart Three: Reading Comprehension .I. Directions: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions.For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices: in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneThe HeroMy mother’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany, Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German: Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first worldwar broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin: In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged: him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language :newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted, When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the: crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted, “It’s the armistice. The war is over.” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.41. Where was the narrator's family when this story took place?A. In Germany.B. In Hungary.C. In the United States.D. In New York42. His grandfather ___________.A. could not speak and read English well enoughB. knew nine languages equally wellC. knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to GermanD. loved German best because it made him think of home43. His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because ________.A. it was war time and Germans were their enemyB. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC. it was easier to get newspapers in English in AmericaD. nobody else read newspapers in German during the war time44. The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war, because _________.A. like everybody else at the war time, she was very patrioticB. she hated the war and the Germans very muchC. all her friends had relatives in War and she wanted to be like themD. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage TwoWaking Up from the American DreamThere has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of “WaI-Martization”of America, which refers to the attempt of America's giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, they’re costly in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift work to subcontractors and temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India.The result has been an erosion of one of America's most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their lifetimes. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middle class as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools' inadequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45. The American dream in this passage mainly refers to ________.A. there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB. Americans can always move up the pay ladderC. American young people can have access to college, even they are poorD. the labor force is not trapped in 10w-wage and dead, end jobs46. Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to ________.A. hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB. outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroadC. hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD. dismantle the career ladder and stop people's mobility upward47. Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?A. WaI-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B. Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S..C. More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D. Although people know how to restore American mobility, it's difficult to change the present situation.Passage ThreeSeniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major real-estate developers have broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer, Fran McCarthy asks: “Who ever thought that suburban flight would be round trip?”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to 75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging-,social isolation. In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.48. Retired seniors are moving back into the city because__________.A. they find there are too many, crimes in the suburbsB. unlike the flats in the city, their country house have stairs to climbC. they are no longer :interested in playing' golfD. in the city, they have more social and cultural life against loneliness49. From the passage we can infer that __________.A. the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retireesB. “a life in the downtown city is expensive; and most of those retirees who moved back into the city are very well-offC. with more older people living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautifulD. very soon the American suburban areas will-face their low population crisis50. Fran McCarthy’s question means: nobody ever thought that __________.A. people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB. suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take round tripC. suburban flight years ago would go in. circlesD. senior people's moving back into the city would take place all over the United StatesII. Directions: Read the following, passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts, Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). (15%)(51) Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says.The researchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient's emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.(52) Despite widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53) Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries - those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents – also showed strong associations with anger.(54) The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for-men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.(55) Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” said the study’s lead author.Part Four: Cloze Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Last year French drivers killed (56) ______ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades~ Credit goes largely (57) ______ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon (58) _______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500 (59) _______ radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to Io0k at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses (60) _______ the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year's London bombing, in which video cameras (61) _______ a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change, A month (62) the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecomsto store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for “anti-terror” (63)_________. In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were (64) ________to give up some civil liberty to improve (65) _________.Part Five: Proofreading (10%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Examples:eg. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (66) begtm beganeg. 2 (67) Scarcely they settled themselves in, their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (67) (Scarcely) had (they) eg. 3 (68) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (68) not(66) Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country. (67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68) But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.(70) Canny college officials, in turn, have found a tactical way to response.(71) Usinp, broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially recreate an applicant's class rank.(72) The process has left them exasperating.(73) “If we’re looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school, with a rank we don’t necessarily know that,” said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74) Admissions directors say strategy can backfire. When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six: Writing (15%)Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic givenbelow.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled: “We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics”. The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People's Congress or the People's Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced, to do so. What do you think?。

2006北航考博英语真题及答案

2006年北京航空航天大学考博英语试题Part I Listening Comprehension(略)Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted in direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.21. Some psychologists maintain that thinking is______.A. not a mental processB. more of a physical process than a mental actionC. a process that involves your entire bodyD. a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain22. Few people are able to listen to familiar music without ______.A. moving some part of their bodyB. stopping what they are doing to listenC. directing the orchestra playing itD. wishing that they could conduct music properly23. Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to ______.A. hear the musicB. appreciate the musicC. enjoy the music fullyD. completely understand the music24. According to the selection, muscle participation in the process of thinking is ______.A. deliberateB. obviousC. not readily apparentD. very pronounced25. The best title for this selection is ______.A. An Ear for MusicB. Music AppreciationC. How Muscles Participate in Mental ActsD. A Psychological Definition of the Thinking ProcessPassage 2Laziness is a sin----everybody knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be moreharmful than that, and it is often caused by more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes panning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating-rescheduling their day.Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was "goofing off". Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone "lazy" to build the car to stove we buy, particularly if that "laziness" were cause by the worker's taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being "lazy"----- that is, taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.26. The main idea of this passage is that ______.A. laziness is a moral sinB. there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazyC. laziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problemsD. lazy people do more careful work27. The passage states that ______.A. laziness is a diseaseB. some people appear lazy because they are insecureC. laziness is more beneficial than harmfulD. a good definition of laziness is emotional illness28. Which of the following conclusion does the passage support? ______A. The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.B. Most of the time laziness is a virtue.C. Most assembly line workers are lazy.D. Most insecure people are lazy.29. The final paragraph is ______.a. gloomy B. humorous C. serious D. ironical30. "Goofing off" as used in paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. wasting timeB. sleepingC. workingD. chatting with friendsPassage 3The idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play "Rossum's Universal Robots". (The word "robot" comes from the Czeeh word for drudgery, robota.) Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Lang's silent masterpiece "metropolis" to the withering C-3PO in "Star Wars" and the ruthless assassin of "Terminator". Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, coloring our views of the future.But now Japan's industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed toconceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked on the stage and accepted its own plaque.At two and a half feet tall, Sony’s QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. It is falls over, it gets up and resumes where it left off. It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed.In 2004, Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instrument’s valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan.Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the world's robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal, making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, and window-washers, which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.31. In paragraph 1 the author introduces this topic by relating ______.A. the idea of humanoid robotsB. Karl Capek's creation of robotsC. Hollywood's production of robot filmsD. the origin of and popular movies about robots32. According to the author's description, Asimo ______.A. is a four-legged robotB. seems more like a human being than a machine in actionC. seems more like a machine than a human being in actionD. is in a sort of animal form33. Sony’s QRIO could perform all the following tasks EXCEPT ______.A. walking everywhere freelyB. understanding some words uttered by peopleC. finding its wayD. continuing walking after it stumbles34. From the passage we may infer that Toyota’s Partner ______.A. is much better than any other robotsB. is no more than a mechanic deviceC. may be put into mass productionD. may speak like man35. Judging from the context, this passage is probably written ______.A. in 2004B. in 2005C. between 2003~2004D. between 2004~2005Passage 4Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold bout 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, bout 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucking into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permitsorganic existence.The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and sore vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climate extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and Magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf Coast.36. A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water ______.A. expands on freezingB. is a great solventC. is like ammoniaD. has a very high heat capacity37. From this passage, we may conclude that ______.A. ocean and land masses are equalB. ocean masses are smaller than land massesC. it is difficult to get fresh water from the oceanD. none of the above is correct38. By “hydrosphere” the author means ______.A. the moisture in the airB. the part of the earth covered by waterC. the Milky WayD. the frozen waters of the earth39. Fish can survive in the oceans because ______.A. there are currents in the oceanB. ice floatsC. evaporation and condensation create a water cycleD. water absorbs heat40. “Anomaly”, as used in the second paragraph, means ______.A. state of being anonymousB. abnormalityC. characteristicD. propertyPart III Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part, there are 20 sentences with four choices below each sentence. Choose the best one from the 4 choices. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells explored with zest the future possibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by modern technology.A. inspirationB. enthusiasmC. fantasyD. endeavor42. Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made from special clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.A. conventionalB. uniqueC. genuineD. crude43. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their heads and ran into the elevator.A. pouredB. dismayed C panicked D. trembled44. The English language contains a(n) ______ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinaryconversation.A. altitudeB. latitudeC. multitudeD. attitude45. The wealth of a country should be measured ______ the health and happiness of people as well as the material goods it can produce.A. in line withB. in terms ofC. in regard withD. by means of46. Radar is used to extend the ______ of man's senses for observing his environment, especially the sense of vision.A. validityB. liabilityC. capacityD. intensity47. We are writing to the manager ______ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.A. with the exception ofB. with the purpose ofC. with reference toD. with a view to48. They made detailed investigations to ______ themselves with the needs of the rural marketA. adhereB. acknowledgeC. acquaintD. activate49. Probably there's a good reason for her absence, as she doesn't usually stay away from work.A. ConspicuouslyB. ProspectivelyC. incidentallyD. Presumably50. I was ______ in my reading, and didn't at first hear the doorbell ring.A. immuredB. immersedC. busyD. infatuated51. Ten minutes later, the police came and ______ the crowd.A. dismayedB. dispersedC. dismountedD. distressed52. There are ______ differences between theory and practice.A. legibleB. ladenC. radicalD. medieval53. Will you ______ my article to find out whether I've made any mistakes?A. look afterB. look throughC. look upD. look into54. When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means he had to keep ______ of current events in the country.A. accountB. traceC. recordD. track55. The flashing red light served as a ______ of danger ahead.A. predictorB. cautionC. precautionD. prevention56. According to the weather forecast, which is usually ______, it will snow this afternoon.A. accurateB. dullC. awkwardD. tedious57. If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage, his uncle might ______ it for him.A. redeemB. amendC. resembleD. appeal58. His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing cultural diversity of the United States.A. conflictB. refinementC. varietyD. movement59. She was artful and could always get round her parents in the end.A. playB. deceiveC. confuseD. annoy60. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.A. honestlyB. appropriatelyC. intelligiblyD. flexiblyPart IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: Decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Who won the World Cup 2004 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? (61) ______ an event takes place, newspapers are on the street (62) ______ the details whenever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to (63) ______ the news.Newspapers have one basic (64) ______, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to (65) ______ it. Radio, television, and (66) ______ inventions broughtcompetition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication (67) ______, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the (68) ______ and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are (69) ______ and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers (70) ______ of the latest news, today's newspapers (71)______ and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices (72) ______ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very (73) ______, Newspapers are sold at a price that (74) ______ even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main (75) ______ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The (76)___ in selling advertising depends on newspaper's value to advertisers. This (77)_____ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends (78) ______ on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment (79) ______ in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as a source of information (80) ______ the community, city, county, nation and world ---- and even outer space.61. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D. Before62. A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given63. A. gather B. spread C. carry D. bring64. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose65. A. make B. publish C. know D. write66. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other67. A. However B. And C. Therefore D. So68. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed69. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed70. A. inform B. be informed C. to be informed D. informed71. A. entertain B. encourage C. educate D. edit72. A. on B. through C. with D. of73. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose74. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in75. A. source B. origin C. course D. finance76. A. way B. means C. chance D. success77. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured78. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something79. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered80. A. by B. with C. at D. aboutPart V Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Writing the translation on the ANSWER SHEET (2).Artificial intelligence and virtual reality are tow computer-related technologies that may cast large shadow on education. Much of school planning may be done not by human agents but by programs created by human agents; and much of what was once accomplished by textbooks and occasional field trips will now be performed in virtual reality. One can ask: what is the truth value of the materials prepared entirely by non-human entities?In a turnabout from previous trends, the acquisition of credentials may become less important. Individuals will be able to educate themselves (largely if not wholly) and to exhibit their mastery in a simulated setting. Why pay $120,000 to go to law school, if one can "read law" as in early times and then demonstrate one's legal skills via computer simulation? Or learn to fly a plane by similar means, for that matter?Technology has revolutionized the world in which schools operate. Now it's time for education to catch upto change.Part VI Writing (15points)Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words on the following topic on the ANSWER SHEET (2).Space Research2006年参考答案21-25 DACCC26-30 BBACA31-35 DBACB36-40 CCBCB41-45 BDCBD46-50 DCCDB51-55 BCDDB56-60 AACBC61-65 CBADC66-70 BADCD71-75 CBBCA76-80 DCABDPart V Translation人工智能和虚拟现实是两种与电脑有关的技术，他们可能对教育产生重大影响。

2014—2016年北京大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题及参考答案

2014—2016年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题及参考答案高清版2014真题02年部分II. Reading Comprehension (25 points)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job; and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. “Contact us before writing application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae, or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is , of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also, an indication of growing importance of the curriculum vitae.(or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “JustA. there is lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB. there are so many top-level jobs availableC. there are so many people out of workD. the job history is considered to be a work of art .18. In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would .A. write an initial letter giving their life historyB. pass some exams before applying for a jobC. have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD. keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview19. Later, as one went on to apply more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter.something that would attract attention to one’s applicationa personal opinion about the organization one was trying to join something that would offered that person reading ita lie that one could easily get with telling20. The job history has become such an important document because .A. there has been a decrease in the number of jobs advertisedB. there has been an increase in the number of “qualified” job huntersC. jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD. the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated2Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophyare left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then , most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings.The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC’s response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School.Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finis their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result fromgreater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.21. By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time, .A. most of them died of some sicknessB. their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobsC. most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD. most of their grants run out22. Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESRC, because the completion rate of its PhD students’ theses within four years is lower than.A. 25%B. 40%C. 39%D. 10%23. All the following statements are the arguments against ESRC’s policy except .A. all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negativeB. there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.C. many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses.D. some polytechnics are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance24. The ESRC would prefer .A. that the students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchers.B. to see higher standards of PhD students’ theses and more ambitious doctoral topicsC. more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD students.D. that PhD students were less modest in their aims25. what the ESRC can do is to .A. force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB. try to persuade universities to change their waysC. dictate the standard of thesis required by external examinersD. note that students want more research training and less elaborate styleof thesis3Influenza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to the economy, hits hardest the young and the elderly, and is most dangerous for people over the age of 65. influenza is mainly a seasonal illness of the winter months, though in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and the Pacific it can occur all the year round.The damaging effects of influenza can be prevented by immunization, but constant changes of antigenic specificity of the virus necessitate a different composition of the vaccine from one year to another. The network of WHO Collaborating Centers for Influenza and national institutes carries out influenza surveillance activities to monitor the evaluation of influenza virus strains, and WHO hold an annual consultation at the end of February to recommend the composition of the vaccine for the forthcoming epidemiological season. These recommendations are published immediately in the Weekly epidemiological record.Vaccination each year against influenza is recommended for certain high-risk populations. In closed or semi-closed settings, maximum benefit from immunization is likely to be achieved when more than three-quarters of the population are vaccinated so that the benefit of “herd immunity” can be exploited. Special care should be taken of the following groups:--adults and children with chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems requiring regular medical follow-up or who had beenhospitalized during the previous year, including children with asthma; --residents of nursing homes and other establishments for patients of any age with chronic medical conditions;--all people over the age of 65.Physicians, nurses, and other personal in primary and intensive care units, who are potentially capable of transmitting influenza to high risk persons, should be immunized; visiting nurses and volunteer workers providing home care to high-risk persons should also be included.26. This passage .A. concerns the damaging effects of influenzaB. mentions the steps of fighting against the harmful effects of influenzaC. emphasizes the worry expressed by all age groupsD. both A and B27. That a different component part of the vaccine is necessary is principally due to the variable change of .A. virusB. strainC. antigenD. immunization28. Which has been done by World Health Organization in combating the bad effects of influenza?A. supervising the assessment of influenza virus strains.B. Holding meetings twice a year to provide the latest data concerning the composition of the vaccines.C. Publishing the related information in a WHO almanac.D. Stressing the importance of preventing influenza for people living in tropical areas of Asia.29. According to the passage, high-risk persons exclude which of thefollowing kinds of people ?A. Children suffering from asthma.B. The elderly with chronic pulmonary diseases.C. Middle aged people with chronic heart diseases.D. Nurses taking special care of the sick.30. In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?A. A surgery book.B. A psychology bookC. An epidemiology book.D. An obstetrics book4In science the meaning of the word “explain”suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science can not really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really”are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, we have told all thee is to tell.”Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has itsproper place, hence one can conclude that objects fall to the ground because that is where they belong, and smoking goes up because that is where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.31. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is .A. to explain why things happenB. to explain how things happenC. to describe self-evident principlesD. to support Aristotelian science32. what principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?A. The speculations of ThalesB. The forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravityC. Aristotle’s natural scienceD. Galileo’s discoveries33. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is .A. disapproved of by most modern scientistsB. in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how”things happenD. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why ”things happen34. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea .A. that there are mysterious forces in the universeB. that man can not discover what forces “really” areC. that there are self-evident principlesD. that we can discover why things behave as they do35. Which of the following is the topic most likely to be discussed right after the passage?A. The most recent definition of “explain”B. The relationship between science and religionC. The limitations of scienceD. Galileo and the birth of modern science. 5Some weeks ago, riding in a cab from Boston to Cambridge, my driver turned and asked me what I did for a living . “Teach English”, I said. “Is that so? ”The young man continued. “I was an English major”But then, instead of chatting idly about Joyce or dropping the subject altogether, this driver caught me short. “You guys,”he said, turning back so that his furry face pressed into the glass partition, “ought to be shot”I think he meant it . The guilty party in this present state of affairs is not really the academic discipline. It is not the fault of English and philosophy and biology that engineering and accounting and computer science afford students better job opportunities and increased flexibility in career choice. Literature and an understanding of, say, man’s evolutionary past are as important as ever. They simply are no longer perceived in today’s market as salable. That is a harsh economic fact. And it is not only true in the United States. Employment prospects for liberal arts graduates in Canada, for example, aresaid to be the worst since the 1930s.What to do? I think it would be shortsighted for colleges and universities to advise students against majoring in certain subjects that do not appear linked (at least directly) to careers. Where our energies should be directed instead is toward the development of educational programs that combine course sequences in the liberal arts with course in the viable professions. Double majors---one for enrichment, one for earning one’s bread---have never been promoted very seriously in our institutions of higher learning, mainly because liberal arts and professional-vocational faculties have long been suspicious or contemptuous of one another. Thus students have been directed to one path or the other, to the disadvantage of both students and faculty.A hopeful cue could be taken, it seems to me, from new attempts in the health profession(nursing and pharmacy, for example), where jobs are still plentiful, to give the humanities and social sciences a greater share of the curriculum. Why could not the traditional history major in the college of arts and sciences be pointed toward additional courses in the business school, or to engineering, or to physical therapy? This strategy requires a new commitment from both the institution and the student and demands a much harder look at the allocation of time and resources. But in an age of adversity, double majors are one way liberal arts students can more effectively prepare for the world outside.36. What is the chief purpose of double majors?A. To help graduates of history major become successful businessmen.B. To provide liberal arts graduates with a method of meeting effectively the challenge in employment.C. To extend their knowledge learnt in the college.D. To moderate the tension between liberal arts and vocational faculties.37. In paragraph 1, the sentence “You guys ought to be shot” shows that at heart the driver .A. felt greatly regretted about the major he had chosenB. felt a deep hatred for all the English teachers in his former collegeC. complained that his teachers hadn’t taught him how to survive in this competitive society.D. held a deep contempt in the author because of his scholastic manner38. It can be inferred from the passage that the blame for the present state of affairs lies in the fact that .A. the course sequences themselves are unreliable.B. more and more students start to select science majorsC. almost none of the specialties the students major in might be salable in today’s marketD. the opportunities of employment are scarce for graduates of non-science majors39. The obstacles in course sequences in academic schooling are indicated in all of the following EXCEPT .A. the misguidance of major-selection in some of the institutions of higher learningB. the current curriculum couldn’t keep up with the development of thesocietyC. the inharmonious relation among the teaching facultiesD. the authorities of higher learning attach only little importance to course sequences40. This passage can best be titled as .A. Harsh Economic FactB. Double Majors, a Way OutC. Careers, Schooling fro BetterD. Market for Graduates6Does an unborn baby know his mother’s voice? psychology professor Anthony DeCasper advised an ingenious experiment to find out. He placed padded earphones over a newborn’s ears and gave him a bottle nipple attached to a closed rubber tube. Changes in pressure in the tube switched channels on a tape recorder. If the baby paused extra long between bursts of sucking, he heard on channel; if he paused shorter than average, he heard the other. The baby now had the ability, in effect to change channels.DeCasper found that newborns choose the recording of their mother’s voice over that of another woman’s. The baby, however, has no innate interest in his father’s voice, which is heard in the womb only from time to time, while the mother’s voice is ever present. Within two weeks after birth, however, the baby can recognize Dad’s voice too.A newborn is even attuned to the cadence and rhythm of his native language. In a French study using a setup similar to DeCasper’s, French babies given the choice between French and Russian words responded more to the sound of French.Brian Satt, a research specialist in clinical psychology, has parents sing a lullaby-like “womb song”to their babies. The unborn baby often develops a specific, consistent movement pattern when its song is sung. According to Satt, most parents can calm a fussy newborn with the song most of the time, which is a prize worth more than rubies to a new parent.He is roused by a heavy jolt. His mother has tripped and fallen heavily on one hip. He is much too well cushioned to experience any injury, but her pain and the fear that she may have hurt him floods both their bodies with adrenaline and other stress-related hormones. He cries and kicks vigorously, a cry never heard because there is no air to make sound. As she recovers the stress hormones ebb away, and he calms down too.41. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the unborn baby in the passage?A. An unborn baby can occasionally hear his father’s voice.B. Dc. Casper’s approach proved absolutely effective in a French experiment.C. An unborn baby is able to identify the tone and rhythm of his native language.D. Parents are able to soothe a fussy newly-born baby.42. According to the author, an unborn baby .A. is unable to identify his mother’s lullaby after birthB. is able to identify his mother’s voice rather than that of others’C. is able to help release adrenaline and other stress-related hormonesD. is able to distinguish French accent from Russian accent43. It is known from the passage that .A. mother’s stress, anger, shock or grief might not hurt the unborn baby in the wombB. an unborn baby’s cry might never be heard because of the particular condition of the womb.C. lullabies are the most precious means to young parentsD. an unborn baby has to move at intervals in the womb44. The author believes that the reaction of an unborn baby to his mother’s voice .A. belongs to one of the natural tendenciesB. is an indication which shows an unborn baby can use all his senses after birthC. is but a physiological circulation of any human beingD. is the most important factor which leads an unborn baby to the survival in the womb45. It can be assumed that the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discussed .A. the development of the baby in his mother’ s wombB. the well-developed taste buds of the babyC. the fact that the baby remains motionless just as what he performs in the first month of his mother’s pregnancyD. the fact that the baby can start to use some of his senses by the last few weeks of pregnancyⅢ. Translation and Writing (55 points)Part A TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese (30 points):Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. Engineering has been defined as the creative application of “scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination.” The term engineering is sometimes more loosely defined, especially in Great Britain, as the manufacture or assembly of engines, machine tools, and machine parts. Associated with engineering is a great body of special knowledge; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. The function of the scientist is to know, while that of the engineer is to do. The scientist adds to the store of verified, systematized knowledge of the physical world; the engineer brings this knowledge to bear on practical problems. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and systems analysis.2Although for the purpose of this article English literature is treated as being confined to writings in English by natives or inhabitants of the British Isles, it is to a certain extent the case that literature---and this is particularly true of the literature written in English---knows nofrontiers. Thus, English literature can be regarded as a cultural whole of which the mainstream literatures of the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada and important elements in the literatures of other commonwealth countries are parts. It can be argued that no single English novel attains the universality of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace. Yet in the Middle ages the Old English literature was influenced and gradually changed by the Latin and French writings, eminently foreign in origin in which the churchmen and the Norman conquerors expressed themselves. From this combination emerged a flexible and subtle linguistic instrument exploited by Geoffrey Chaucer and brought to supreme application by William Shakespeare.Translate the following into English (10 points):从二十世纪中叶起，名国政府对科学技术的重视引起了各级教育机构的响应，理论科学和应用科学的巨大进步也激起了人们学习自然科学的兴趣，科学技术因此有了飞速的发展。

北京大学博士英语试题及答案

北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，然后回答1-5题。

The rise of digital technology has transformed the way welive and work. It has also changed the way we communicate. In the past, people mainly relied on face-to-face communicationor letters to convey messages. However, with the advent ofthe internet and smartphones, instant messaging and social media have become the primary means of communication for many.1. What is the main topic of the passage? (4分)A. The impact of digital technology on communication.B. The history of communication methods.C. The importance of face-to-face communication.D. The disadvantages of social media.2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a communication method mentioned? (4分)A. Face-to-face communication.B. Letters.C. Instant messaging.D. Radio broadcasts.3. What does the passage imply about the future of communication? (4分)A. It will become more personal.B. It will rely more on digital technology.C. It will return to traditional methods.D. It will become less frequent.4. What is the purpose of the passage? (4分)A. To inform readers about new communication technologies.B. To persuade readers to use traditional communication methods.C. To describe the history of communication methods.D. To analyze the effects of digital technology on communication.5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? (4分)A. The passage argues that digital technology has had a negative impact on communication.B. The passage suggests that digital technology has made communication more efficient.C. The passage states that people no longer use face-to-face communication.D. The passage claims that the internet and smartphones have replaced all other communication methods.二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence. Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank.6. The company has decided to ________ its employees with the latest technology.A. equipB. qualifyC. supplyD. provide7. Despite the heavy rain, they ________ the mountain successfully.A. climbedB. ascendedC. roseD. lifted8. The new policy will ________ a significant impact on the economy.A. haveB. takeC. makeD. get9. She is ________ to be the best candidate for the job.A. likelyB. probableC. possibleD. potential10. The book is ________ interesting that I can hardly put it down.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着人工智能的发展，许多传统行业正在经历转型。

北大2007-10年考博英语试题(正规)

北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part One: Listening Comprehension略Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%)Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.21．_________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together.[A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive[C] Were they arriving [D] Were they to arrive22．_________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.[A] He would leave school [B] He left school[C] He had left school [D] He has left school23．Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________.[A] to be shown [B] to have been shown[C] to have shown [D] being shown24．__________ that should be given priority to.[A] It is the committee has decided [B] It is only the committee has decided[C] It is what the committee has decided [D] It is what has the committee decided25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work.[A] less local free-spiritedness than [B] less local free-spiritedness than to[C] to less local free-spiritedness than to [D] less to local free-spiritedness than to26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again.[A] has treated spectators with [B] has treated spectator for[C] has treated spectators [D] has treated spectators to27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports.[A] as hardly culturally enriching as [B] as hardly enriching culture as[C] hardly as culturally enriching as [D] hardly as cultural enriching as28. The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, __________, is money.[A] as is it across the country [B] as it is across the country[C] as it were across the country [D] as were it across the country29．Nearly all trees have seeds that fall to the earth, take root, and eventually __________.[A] generate new seeds [B] new seeds generated[C] generates new seeds [D] new seeds are generated30. The well-maintained facility in San Francisco _________ leagues in virtually every sport.[A] were home to [B] was the home of [C] was home to [D] was home of31. Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading, and their scores have improved only __________.[A] marginally [B] marvelously [C] martially [D] markably32. I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had __________ us accidentally on his way out of the town or if he'd been deliberately tasked.[A]crashed on [B]bumped into [C]fallen against [D]puzzled about33. In previous time, when fresh meat was in short __________, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.[A] storage [B] reserve [C] supply [D] provision34. The hospital denies ther e is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reid’s __________ about health problems.[A] allegiance [B] alliance [C] allegations [D] alliteration35. The organization issued a cry of alarm last week, citing ―__________ evidence‖ that those children are not receiving the same quality of education as their richer peers.[A] comparing [B] completing [C] compelling [D] composing36. Since no one could __________ his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist.[A] encode [B] decipher [C] clear [D] identify37．Many Fine Art graduates take __________ professional practice as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty.[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] in38. The statement said the people of Srebrenica __________ to the presidents of the United States and France to help halt the offensive.[A] aroused [B] ascribed [C] acclaimed [D] appealed39. The professor stopped for a drink and then __________ with his lecture on the Indian culture.[A] proceeded [B] processed [C] preferred [D] presented40. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not __________ close examination.[A] put up with [B] keep up with [C] stand up to [D] look up toPart Three: Reading ComprehensionI.Directions: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneIn science the meaning of the w ord ―explain‖ suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces ―really‖ are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, ―is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathe dral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.‖ Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.41. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is __________.[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists[B] in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward ―how‖ things happen[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directe d toward ―why‖ things happen42. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that __________.[A] there are self-evident principles[B] there are mysterious forces in the universe[C] man cannot discover what forces ―really‖ ar e[D] we can discover why things behave as they do43. The expression ―speculated on‖ (line 4) means __________ .[A] considered [B] suspected [C] expected [D] engaged in buying and selling Passage TwoThe concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As oneexample, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.44. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because __________.[A] it is essential to personal freedom in American society[B] it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge[C] personal health choices help cure most illnesses[D] wrong decisions could lead to poor health45. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because __________.[A] current medical knowledge is still insufficient[B] there are many factors influencing our decisions[C] people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends[D] few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life46. According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on __________.[A] personal decisions [B] society’s laws[C]friends’ opinions[D] statistical evidencePassage ThreeFor gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.47. Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of a longitudinal research?[A] The subjects may become irritated at repeated testing.[B] The participants in the study may not stay in one place for many years.[C] The behavior of a subject in the study may be measured continuously for many years.[D] Social changes may be reflected in the behaviors of the subjects participating in the study.48. The word ―contingent‖ in the third paragraph probably means __________.[A] dependent [B] consecutive [C] determined [D] continual49. Which of the following statements is true?[A] The subjects in a cross-sectional research are not of the same age group.[B] The methods of study in longitudinal research will not change over time.[C] Longitudinal research is reliable only in seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development.[D] Cross-sectional methods are not usually adopted in studying, for example, the changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period.50.One of the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research is that __________.[A] the latter usually focuses on only one subject, while the former involves groups of subjects[B] the former can be free from the influence of social changes[C] the latter can be free from the influence of social changes[D] the former costs less money and takes less timeII.Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). (15%) (51) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future.History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. (52) Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for the individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive. (53) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. (54) History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation.The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (55) A nation’s history must be bo th the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.Part Four: Cloze Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).In Microsoft’s latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded (56) __________ its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good (57) __________, with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of bribery and their peers (58) __________ unethical behavior.Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, which can sell (59) __________ more than $2,200, from Microsoft.A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the (60) __________ had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers (61) __________ wrote about technology and other subjects that could be (62) __________ by the new operating system, like photography and, oddly, parenting.But while those on Microsoft’s mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusiasm, many (63) __________ bloggers soon objected – not because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the (64) __________ rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept (65) __________ gifts from companies they cover.Part Five: Proofreading (10%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Examples:eg. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (66) begun beganeg. 2 (67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre whenthe curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (67) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3 (68) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (68) not(66) Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion—a 9.4 percent jump from 2005.(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who fared best.(68) Stanford's $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(69) "There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest," said Martin Shell, Stanford's vice president for development. (70) "This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends."(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million.(72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. (73) Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education.(74) Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.(75) Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.Part Six: Writing (15%)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a lawful institution in China and is still very popular.The Chinese government has a department in charge of TCM and there are a lot of TCM hospitals and pharmaceutical factories in the country.Yet TCM is never short of opponents, including fierce opponents calling for its abolition.Please comment on the controversial status of TCM.Structure and Written Expression: (1 point each)21-25 D B A C D 26-30 D C B A C31-35 A B C C C 36-40 B B D A CReading: (1 point each)41-45 C C A D C 46-50 D C A A DParaphrasing: (3 points each)51. It is helpful for us to remember that history is very important to a country just as memory is very important to a person. / If we remember that history is just as important to a country as memory is to a person, it will be very helpful to us.52. To know oneself very well is the necessary first step before one can control oneself. This is true for both the nation and the individual.53. A nation that is fully aware of the twists and turns of history has the power to resist using military power, which will bring tragic results.54. History is never final but open to revision. People can always rewrite history.55. Not only people who study history should take a nation’s his tory as their guide and field of study, but the ordinary citizens should also do so.Cloze: (1 point each)56. with 57. will 58. of 59. for 60. company61. who 62. affected 63. other 64. same 65. expensive Proofreading: (1 point each)(66) recorded record (67) for as(68) rose raised (69) invest (in)(70) from (an) unbelievably (71) two second(72) national(ly) (73) account (for) about(74) small(er) (75) economics economy。

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北大2006年考博士英语真题及答案2006北大考博士英语真题PartOne:ListeningcomprehensionThereare3sectionsinthispart.InsectionAandByouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullya ndthenchoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.MarkyourchoicesonyourANSWERSHEET. SectionA:Conversations5Questions1to3arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven1 5secondstoanswerthequestions.1.WhichisNOTthepurposeofMr.Lewis’visit?A.Toseefriends.B.Togiveconcerts.C.Tovacation.D.Togiveprivatelessons.2.WhatkindofcellodidMr.Lewisusewhenhewaseight?A.Afull-sizedcello.B.Ahalf-sizedcello.C.Atwo-thirds-sizedcello.D.Itisnotmentioned.3.WhatistrueaboutMr.Lewis’cello?A.Healwaystakesitwithhim.B.Itwasmadebyhisuncle.C.Heborroweditfromhisuncle.D.Hegotaseatfreeforhiscello.Questions4to7arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven2 0secondstoanswerthequestions.4.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheresearch?A.Tomakepreparationsforanewpublication.B.Tolearnhowcouplesspendtheirweekends.C.Toknowhowhouseworkisshared.D.Toinvestigatewhatpeopledoattheweekend.5.WhatdoesthemandoonFridays?A.Hegoestoexerciseclasses.B.Hegoessailing.C.Hegoestothecinema.D.Hestaysathome.6.Onwhichdaydoesthecouplealwaysgoout?A.Friday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.D.Anyweekday.7.Whichpersonaldetaildoesthemangive?A.Surname.B.Firstname.C.Address.D.Age.Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven 15secondstoanswerthequestions.8.WhatconclusioncanwedrawaboutMikebeforehewenttothecampingschool?A.Hewaseagertodothecourse.B.Hehaddoneoutdooractivities.C.Heenjoyedlifeintheopen.D.Hewasreluctantandtimid.9.MikeparticipatedinallthefollowingactivitiesEXCEPT______________.A.hikingB.canoeingC.swimmingD.camping10.WhichofthefollowingwordsismostappropriatetodescribeMikeafterthecampingschool?A.Independent.B.Strong.C.Determined.D.Persistent.SectionB:Talks5Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegive n15secondstoanswerthequestions.11.WhathappenedtoJanuary27th,1967?A.Threemenwereinjuredduringafire.B.Onemandiedduringthefireaccident.C.Afirestartedinsideaspaceship.D.Aspaceshipwaslaunched.12.Whathappenedin1981?A.Thespaceprogramwassuspended.B.Fivemenwereinjuredduringanaccident.C.Theaccidentoccurredbeforetherehearsal.D.Noaccidenthappenedthatyear.13.Whatdoesthetalksayaboutaccidents?D?BPiCs?XSA.Accidentsareunavoidable.B.Accidentscanbeavoided.C.Humanbeingsarealwayscareless.D.Thereshouldbemoreprecautions.Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegive n20secondstoanswerthequestions.14.BBC’sweatherforecastisa________program.A.seldomwatchedB.littleknownC.newD.popular15.WeatherobservationscomefromallthefollowingsourcesEXCEPT________.putersB.satellitesC.thegroundD.radar16.WhatdoesthetalksayaboutBBC’sforecasters?A.Theyreadfromscript.B.Theyareprofessional.C.Theyuseamapforpresentation.D.Theycareabouttheirclothes.17.WhatdoesthetalksayaboutBritishtelevisionviewers?A.Theyrememberwhattheysawonweatherforecasts.B.Theyliketalkingaboutweatherinsteadofwatching.C.Theypaymoreattentiontothestyleofthepresenters.D.Theywatchandrememberwhatisnecessary.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegive n15secondstoanswerthequestions.18.WhichisNOTshowinganincreasethisyear?A.Numberoftourists.B.Holidaytravelers.C.Shopping.D.Diningandentertaining.19.Whatdoesthetalksayaboutthisyear’sbusinesstravelers?A.Therearefewerbusinesstravelers.B.Therearemorebusinesstravelers.C.Thenumberremainsthesameaslastyear’s.D.Itisnotmentionedinthetalk.20.Whichisthelargestsinglevisitorexpenditure?A.Hotelaccommodation.B.Meals.C.Shopping.D.Entertainment.SectionC:SpotDictation10Directions:Inthissectionyouaregoingtohearareportonthestronglinkbetweensleepandfatalaccident .Somewordsaretakenoutandyouareexpectedtofillinthemissingwordsasyoulisten.ThereportwillbereadTWICEandyouwillhaveoneminutetocheckyourwork.Thenputyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET(2).Inadequaterestmeansaweaker(C1)___________system,layingthebodyopentoawhole(C2)_____ _____ofillnesses.Ontheaverageamanneedssevenhoursofsleepadayandawomansevenanda(C3) ____________hours.Sixhoursof(C4)_________sleepisbetterthantenhoursof(C5)__________an dturning,however.Peoplewhosleeplessthansixhoursanightare(C6)________foranearlydeath.Somepeople(C7)___________thattheycangetbywithlittlesleepwhennecessary.Butexpertsthinkth esepeopleare(C8)________themselves.Betweensleep(C9)________andfatalaccidentsthereisanobvious(C10)_________.Peoplewhoget (C11)________sleeporpoorqualitysleephaveahigherriskof(C12)________ontheroad.Theyaremo relikelytofallasleepatthe(C13)_________andkillpeopleorgetkilled.Professionaldriversand(C14)_ __________workersaremostlikelytotakethe(C15)________.Theperformanceatworkalso(C16)__ ________becauseofsleepdeprivation.Thepressuresofworkdeprivepeopleofsleep.Tomakeitup,theytryto(C17)________catnaps.Butexp ertsarealittle(C18)____________aboutthebenefitsofcatnapping.Theytellusthatthecatnapcannev erbea(C19)_________forpropersleep.Forvictimsof(C20)_________,catnappinginthedayisthewo rstthingtheycanpossiblydo.PartTwo:StructureandWrittenExpression20Directions:Ineachquestiondecidewhichoffourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentencei finsertedattheplacemarked.MarkyourchoicesontheANSWERSHEET.21.Thenuclearfamily__________aself-contained,self-satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motheran dchildren.A.referstoB.definesC.describesD.devotesto22.Somepollsshowthatroughlytwo-thirdsofthegeneralpublicbelievethatelderlyAmericansare____ ____bysocialisolationandloneliness.A.reproachedB.favoredC.plaguedD.reprehended23.Inadditiontobetteringgroupandindividualperformance,cooperation________thequalityofinterp ersonalrelationship.A.ascendspelsC.enhancesD.prefers24.Inthepast50years,there________agreatincreaseintheamountofresearch_____onthehumanbr ain.A.was…didB.hasbeen…tobedoneC.was…doingD.hasbeen…done25.“Im usthaveeatensomethingwrong.Ifeellike_____.”“Wetoldyounottoeatatarestaurant.You’dbetter_______athomewhenyouarenotint heshape.”A.tothrowup…toeatB.throwingup…eatingC.tothrowup…eatD.throwingup…eat26.Parentshavetoshowdueconcernstotheirchildren’screat ivityandemotionaloutput;otherwisewha ttheythinkbeneficialtothekidsmightprobably_______theirenthusiasmandaspirations.A.holdbackB.holdtoC.holddownD.holdover27.Accordingtopsychoanalysis,aperson’sattentionisattracted________bytheintensityofdifferents ignals________bytheircontext,significance,andinformationcontent.A.notlessthan…asB.as…justasC.somuch…asD.notsomuch…as28.TheymovedtoPortlandin1998andlivedinabighouse,_______tothesouth.A.thewindowsofwhichopenedB.thewindowsofitopenedC7U O:`naC.itswindowsopenedD.thewindowsofwhichopening29.Theladywhohas_______foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhi s.A.puthimupB.puthimoutC.puthimonD.puthimincd30.Bystanders,_______,_________astheywalkedpastlinesofambulances.A.bloodyandcoveredwithdust,lookingdazedB.bloodiedandcoveredwithdust,lookeddazedC.bloodyandcoveredwithdust,lookeddazedD.bloodiedandcoveredwithdust,lookingdazed31.HongKongwasnotatargetforterrorattacks,theGovernmentinsistedyesterday,astheUS_______ _closedforanapparentsecurityreview.A.ConsulationB.ConstitutionC.ConsulateD.Consular32.AmericanfanshaveselectedYaoinavotefortheAll-Stargame______thelegendaryO’Neal,who__ ____the“GreatWall”attheweekendastheRocketsbeattheLosAngelesLakers.-A.inheadof,ranonB.inheadof,ranintoC.aheadof,ranontoD.aheadof,raninto33.Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandt heexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin_________computers.A.abstractB.obsoleteC.obstinateD.obese34.Shealwaysprintsimportantdocumentsandstoresabackupse tatherhouse.“Iactuallythinkthere’ss omethingaboutthe______ofpaperthatfeelsmorecomforting.”Shesaid.A.tangibilityB.tanglednessC.tangentD.tantalization35.“Theysaidwhatwealwaysknew,”saidanadministrationsource,___________.A.heaskednottobenamedB.whoaskednottobenamedC.whoaskednotbenamedD.whoaskednotnamed36.InGermany,theindustrialgiantsDaimlerChryslerandSiemensrecently_______theirunionsintosi gningcontractsthatlengthenworkhourswithoutincreasingpay.A.muscledB.movedC.mushedD.muted37.Hearguesthatthepolicyhasdonelittletoeasejoblessness,andhasleftthecountry_______.A.energizedB.EnervatedC.NervedD.enacted38.Themorepeoplehearhisdementedrants,themoretheyseethatheisaterrorist_______.A.whoispureandsimpleB.beingpureandsimpleC.pureandsimpleD.aspureandsimple39.Thisexpansionofrightshasledtobothaparalysisofthepublicserviceandtoarapidandterrible_____ ___inthecharacterofthepopulation.A.determinationB.deteriorationC.desolationD.desperationU[~~CVV40._______adecliningbirthrate,therewillbeanover-supplyof27,000primaryschoolplacesby2010,_ ______leaving35schoolsidle.sto B.Couplingwith,equivalenttoC.Coupledwith,equivalenttoD.Couplingwith,equalstoPartThree:ReadingComprehension10PassageOne TheHeroMymother’sparentscamefromHungary,butmygra ndfathercouldtracehisorigintoGermanyandalsoh ewaseducatedinGermany.Althoughhewasabletoholdaconversationinninelanguages,hewasmost comfortableinGerman.Everymorning,beforegoingtohisoffice,hereadtheGermanlanguagenewspa per,whichwasAmericanownedandpublishedinNewYork.MygrandfatherwastheonlyoneinhisfamilytocometotheUnitedStateswithhiswifeandchildren.Hestill hadrelativeslivinginEurope.Whenthefirstworldwarbrokeout,helamentedthefactthatifmyuncle,hiso nlysonhadtogo,itwouldbecousinfightingagainstcousin.Intheearlydaysofthewar,mygrandmotherb eggedhimtostoptakingtheGermannewspaperandtotakeanEnglishlanguagenewspaper,instead.H escoffedattheidea,explainingthatthefactitwasinGermandidnotmakeitaGermannewspaper,butonl yanAmericannewspaper,printedinGerman.Butmygrandmotherinsisted,forfearthattheneighborsm ayseehimreaditandthinkhewasGerman.So,hefinallygaveuptheGermannewspaper.Oneday,theinevitablehappenedandmyuncleMiltonreceivednoticetojointhearmy.Mygrandparents wereveryupset,butmymother,hislittlesister,wasexcited.Nowshecouldboastabouthersoldierbrothe rgoingofftowar.Shewastenyearsoldatthetime,andmyuncle,realizinghowhewasregardedbyhislittle sisterandherfriends,wentoutandboughtthemallservicepins,whichmeantthattheyhadalovedoneint heservice.Allthelittlegirlsweredelighted.Whenthedaycameforhimtoleave,hiswholeregiment,inthei runiforms,lefttogetherfromthesametrainstation.Therewasabandplayingandmymotherandherfrien dscametoseehimoff.EachoneworeherservicepinandwavedasmallAmericanflag,cheeringtheboys, astheyleft.Themomentcameandthesoldiers,allveryyoung,noneofwhomhadhadanytraining,butwhohadnever thelessallbeenissueduniforms,boardedthetrain.Thebandplayedandthecrowdcheered.Thetraingr oanedasifitknewthedestinytowhichitwastakingitspassengers,butitsoonbegantomove.Stillcheerin gandwavingtheirflags,thebandstillplaying,thetrainslowlydepartedthestation.Ithadgoneaboutathousandyardswhenitsuddenlygroundtoahalt.Thebandstoppedplaying,thecrow dstoppedcheering.Everyonegazedinwonderasthetrainslowlybackedupandreturnedtothestation.It seemedaneternityuntilthedoorsopenedandthemenstartedto fileout.Someoneshouted,“It’sthearmi stice.Thewarisover.”Foramoment,nobodymoved,butthenthepeopleheardsomeonebarkordersatt hesoldiers.Themenlinedupandformedintotwolines.Theywalkeddownthestepsand,withthebandpla yingbehind,paradeddownthestreet,asreturningheroes,tobewelcomedhomebytheassembledcrow d.Thenextdaymyunclereturnedtohisjob,andmygrandfatherresumedreadingtheGermannewspape r,whichhereaduntilthedayhedied.41.Wherewasthenarrator’sfamilywhenthisstorytookplace?A.InGermany.B.InHungary.C.IntheUnitedStatesD.InNewYork.42.Hisgrandfather____________.A.couldnotspeakandreadEnglishwellenoughB.knewninelanguagesequallywellC.knewanumberoflanguages,butfeltmorekintoGermanD.lovedGermanbestbecauseitmadehimthinkofhome43.HisgrandmotherdidnotwantherhusbandtobuyandreadnewspapersA.Coupledwith,equalinGerman,because________.A.itwaswartimeandGermansweretheirenemyB.theneighborswouldmistakethemaspro-GermanC.itwaseasiertogetnewspapersinEnglishinAmericaD.nobodyelsereadnewspapersinGermanduringthewartime44.Thenarrator’smotherwantedherbrothertogotofightinthewar,because________.A.likeeverybodyelseatthewartime,shewasverypatrioticB.shehatedthewarandtheGermansverymuchC.allherfriendshadrelativesinwarandshewantedtobelikethemD.shelikedtohaveabrothershecouldthinkofasaheroPassageTwo WakingUpfromtheAmericanDreamssds Therehasbeenmuchtalkrecentlyaboutthephenomenonof“Wal-Martization”ofAmerica,whichrefers totheattemptofAmerica’sgiantWal-Martchainstorecompanytokeepitscostatrock-bottomlevels.For years,manyAmericancompanieshaveembracedWal-Mart-likestratagemstocontrollaborcosts,suc hashiringtemps(temporaryworkers)andpart-timers,fightingunions,dismantlinginternalcareerladd ersandoutsourcingtolowerpayingcontractorsathomeandabroad. Whilethesetacticshavetheadmir ableoutcomeofholdingdownconsumerprices,they’recostlyinother ways.Morethanaquarterofthelaborforce,about34millionworkers,istrappedinlow-wage,oftendead-endjobs.Manymiddle-incomeandhigh-skilledemployeesfacefeweropportunities,too,ascompanies shiftworktosubcontractorsandtempsagenciesandmovewhite-collarjobstoChinaandIndia.TheresulthasbeenanerosionofoneofAmerica’smostcherishedvalue:givingitspeopletheabilitytomo veuptheeconomicladderovertheirlifetimes.Historically,mostAmericans,evenlow-skilledones,were abletofindpoorlypaidjanitorialorfactoryjobs,thengraduallyclimbedintothemiddleclassastheygainedexperienceandmovedupthewagecurve.Butthenumberofworkersprogressingupwardbegantoslipi n1970s.Upwardmobilitydiminishedevenmoreinthe1980sasglobalizationandtechnologyslammed blue-collarwages.RestoringAmericanmobilityislessaquestionofknowingwhattodothanofmakingithappen.Expertsha vedecriedschools’inadequacyforyears,butfixingthemisalong,arduousstruggle.Similarly,therehav ebeenplentyofwarningsaboutdecliningcollegeaccess,butfindingfundswasdifficulteveninerasoflar gesurpluses.45.TheAmericandreaminthispassagemainlyrefersto____________.A.therearealwayspossibilitiesofferedtopeopletodevelopthemselvesinthesocietyB.AmericanscanalwaysmoveupthepayladderC.Americanyoungpeoplecanhaveaccesstocollege,eventheyarepoorD.thelaborforceisnottrappedinlow-wageanddead-endjobs46.Wal-Martstrategy,accordingtothispassage,is to___________.A.hiretempsandpart-timerstoreduceitscostB.outsourceitscontractstolowerpriceagenciesathomeandabroadC.holddownitsconsumerpricebycontrollingitslaborcostsD.dismantlethecareerladderandstoppeople’smobilityupward47.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A.Wal-Martizationhasbeensuccessfulinkeepingcostsatrock-bottomlevels.B.Upwardmobilityforlow-skilledworkershasbecomeimpossibleintheU.S.C.Morebusinessopportunitiesaregiventolow-costagenciesinChinaandIndia.D.AlthoughpeopleknowhowtorestoreAmericanmobility,it’sdifficulttochangethepresentsituation.PassageThree SeniorsandtheCity Tensofthousandsofretireesarepullingupstakesinsuburbanareasandfashioningtheirownretirementcommunitiesintheheartofthebustlingcity.Theyarelookingforwhatmostolderpeo plewant:ahomewithnostairsandlowcrimerates.Andtheyarewillingtoexchangeregularweeklygolfti meforrichculturalofferings,youngneighborsandplentyofgoodrestaurants.Spyinganopportunity,ma jorreal-estatedevelopershavebrokengroundonurbansitestheyintendedtomarkettosuburbanretire es.Theseseniorsarealreadychangingthefaceofbigcities.Onedeveloper,FranMcCarthyasks:“Who everthoughtthatsuburbanflightwouldberoundtrip?”Thetrickleofolderfolksreturningtothecityhasgrownintoasteadystream.Whilesomecities,especiallyt hosewithfewculturalofferings,haveseenanexodusofseniors,urbanplannerssayothershavebecom eretireesmagnets.Between1999and2000,thepopulationof64-to-75-year-oldsindowntownChicag orose17percent.Austin,NewOrleans,andLosAngeleshaveseendouble-digitincreasesaswell.Ther emaybehiddenhealthbenefitstocityliving.Astudyrevealsthatmovingfromsuburbstothecitycanward offthebyproductofaging---socialisolation.Inthenextsixyears,downtownsareexpectedtogroweveng rayer.Foraffluentretirees,citylifeisanincreasinglypopularoption.48.Retiredseniorsaremovingbackintothecitybecause____________.A.theyfindtherearetoomanycrimesinthesuburbsB.unliketheflatsinthecity,theircountryhousehavestairstoclimbC.theyarenolongerinterestedinplayinggolfD.inthecity,theyhavemoresocialandculturallifeagainstloneliness49.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_________.A.thereal-estatedevelopershavebrokentheiroriginalcontractsofconstructionwithseniorretireesB.alifeinthedowntowncityisexpensive,andmostofthoseretireeswhomovedbackintothecityarevery well-offC.withmoreolderpeoplelivinginthecity,thecitywillbecomegrayandlessbeautifulD.verysoontheAmericansuburbanareaswillfacetheirlowpopulationcrisis50.FranMcCarthy’squestionmeans:nobodyeverthoughtt hat__________.A.peoplewhomovedoutofthecitydecadesagonowwouldmovebackB.suburbandwellerswhenmovingbackintothecitymusttakeroundtripC.suburbanflightyearsagowouldgoincirclesD.seniorpeople’smovingbackintothecitywouldtakeplaceallovertheUnitedStatesDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaning ofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2)15(51)Beingangryincreasestheriskofinjury,especiallyamongmen,newresearchsays.Theresearchersgathereddataonmorethan2,400accidentvictimsatthreeMissourihospitals.Theyint erviewedeachsubjecttodeterminethepatient’semotionalstatejustbeforetheinjuryand24hoursearlie r,gatheringdataonwhetherthepatientsfeltirritable,angryorhostile,andtowhatdegree.Thentheycom paredtheresultswithacontrolgroupofuninjuredpeople.(52)Despitewidespreadbeliefin“roadrage,”angerdidnotcorrelatewithinjuriesfromtrafficaccidents.(53)Notsurprisingly,angerwasstronglyassociatedwithinjuriesinflicteddeliberately.Butotherinjuries –thoseneitherintentionallyinflictednorfromfallsortrafficaccidents–alsoshowedstrongassociations withanger.(54)Thecorrelationsweresignificantlyweakerforwomenthanformen,buttherewerenodifferencesbyr ace.Theauthorsacknowledgethattheirdatadependonself-reports,whicharenotalwaysreliable.(55)Whyanger correlateswithinjuryisnotknown.“Icanspeculatethattheangermayhavepromptedso mebehaviorthatledtotheinjury,ormayhavesimplydistractedtheperson,leadingindirectlytotheinjury,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor.PartFour:ClozeTest10Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenfillineachnumberedblankwithONEsuitable wordtocompletethepassage.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2).LastyearFrenchdriverskilled(56)_______than5,000peopleontheroadsforthefirsttimeindecades.C reditgoeslargely(57)________the1,000automatedradarcamerasplant edonthenation’shighwayssi nce2003,whichexpertsreckon(58)_______3,000liveslastyear.Success,ofcoursebreedssuccess:t hegovernmentplanstoinstall500(59)______radardevicesthisyear.Soitgoeswithsurveillancethesedays.EuropeansusedtolookatthesecuritycameraspostedinBritishc ities,subwaysandbuses(60)_______theseedsofanOrwellianworldthatwaslargelyunacceptablein ContinentalEurope.Butlastyear’sLondonbombing,inwhichvideocameras(61)________akeyrolein identifyingtheperpetrators,havehelpedspuraseachange.Amonth(62)_______theLondonattacks, halfofGermanssupportedEU-wideplanstorequireInternetprovidersandtelecomstostorealle-mail,In ternetandphonedatafor“anti-terror”(63)______.InaBritishpoll,73percentofrespondentssaidtheyw ere(64)_______togiveupsomecivillibertytoimprove(65)________.PartFive:Proofreading10Directions:Inthefollowingpassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,ONEineachnumberedandunde rlinedpart.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addaword,orjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossit withaslash(/)andwritethecorrectwordbesideit.Ifyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthewo rds(inbrackets)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutwithaslash(/).Putyouran sweronANSWERSHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)Themeetingbegun2hoursago.CorrectionputontheANSWERSHEET(2):(66)begunbeganeg.2(67)Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.CorrectionputontheANSWERSHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely)had(they)eg.3(68)NeverwillInotdoitagain.CorrectionputontheANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not(66)Applicationfilesarepiledhighlythismonthincollegesacrossthecountry.(67)Admissionsofficersa reporingessaysandrecommendationletters,scouringtranscriptsandstandardizedtestscores.(68)Butanythingismissingfrommanyapplications:aclassranking,onceamajorcomponentinadmissi onsdecisions.Inthecat-and-mousemaneuveringoveradmissiontoprestigiouscollegesanduniversities,(69)thousa ndsofhighschoolshavesimplystoppedprovidingthatinformation,concludingitcouldharmthechance softheirverybetter,butnotbest,students.(70)Cannycollegeofficials,inturn,havefoundatacticalwaytoresponse.(71)Usingbroaddatathathigh schoolsoftenprovide,likeadistributionofgradeaveragesforentireseniorclass,theyessentiallyrecreat eanapplicant’sclassrank.(72)Theprocesshasleftthemexasperating.(73)“Ifwe’relookingatyoursonordaughterandyouwantustoknowthattheyareamongthebestintheirsc ho ol,witharankwedon’tnecessarilyknowthat,”saidJimBock,deanofadmissionsandfinancialaidatS warthmoreCollege.(74)Admissionsdirectorssaystrategycanbackfire.Whenhighschoolsdonotprovideenoughgeneralinformationtorecreatetheclassrankcalculation,(75) manyadmissionsdirectorssaytheyhavelittlechoiceandtodosomethingvirtuallynoonewantsthemtod o:givemoreweighttoscoresontheSATandotherstandardizedexams.PartSix:Writing15Directions:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.Writeitneatlyon ANSWERSHEET(2).R ecently,anewspapercarriedanarticleentitled:“WeShouldNoLongerForceGongLiandZhangYimo utoTakePartinNationalPolitics”.Thearticlearguedthatsomeartistsandfilmstarsareunwillingorunqu alifiedtorepresentthepeopleinthePeople’sCongressorthePeople’sPoliticalConsultativ eConferenc e,andtheyshouldnotbeforcedtodoso.Whatdoyouthink?56.fewer57.to58.saved59.more60.as61.played62.after63.purposes64.ready/willing65.security北京大学2006年博士入学考试试题答案Listening0.5each)1-5BCAAD6-10BADCA11-15CBADA16-20BDCBＣC1:immune C11:insufficientC2:range C12:accidentsC3:quarter C13:wheelC4:uninterrupted C14:shiftC5:tossing C15:riskC6:destined C16:deterioratesC7:claim C17:snatchC8:fooling C18:skepticalC9:deprivation C19:substituteC10:correlation C20:insomniaStructureandwrittenexpression1pointeach)21-25accdd26-30adaab31-35cdbab36-40abcbcReading1pointeach)41-45ccbda46-50cbdbaParaphrasing:(3pointseach)51.Accordingtonewresearch,gettingangryaddstothechancesofgettingphysicallyhurt,particularlyfo rmale.52.evenpeoplegen[size=5][/size]erallybelievehatpeopleeasilygetangrywhendrivingontheroad,bu tangerdidn’thavemuch/anythingtodowithinjuriesfromtrafficaccidents,/butnotmanyinjuriesfromtraff icaccidentsaretheresultsofangerontheroad.53.Itisnotatallsurprisingthatangerisaveryimportantreasonforpeoplewhointentionallyhurtthemselv es.54.Weseethisstronglinkbetweenangerandinjurymoreinmenthaninwomen,butdifferentracesofpeo pledidnotshowmuchvariation.55.Peopledonotknowyetwhyangerisassociatedwithinjury.Cloze:(1pointeach)56.Fewer57.To58.Saved59.More60.As61.Played62.After63.Purposes64.Ready65.SecurityProofreading:(1pointeach)66.Highly-high67.Pore-poreover68.Anything-something69.Better-good 70.Response-respond71.Forentire-foranentire72.Exasperating-exasperatedbS 73.With-without74.Strategy-thestrategy75.And-butWriting:(15points)。

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