普利司通轮胎培训手册00
普利司通轮胎保养、安全及保修手册说明书
IncludingTires with Run-Flat TechnologyREPLACEMENT MARKET PASSENGER and LIGHT TRUCK TIRESTIRE MAINTENANCE, SAFETY and WARRANTY MANUAL Associated BrandsEffective December 20162Congratulations! You have just purchased quality tires from a BRIDGESTONE dealer.To ensure optimum tire performance and reduce the risk of a tire failure, Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, LLC strongly recommends you read and follow all maintenance and safety information contained in this manual. In addi-tion, we recommend periodic inspection and maintenance, if necessary, by a qualified tire service professional.CONTENTSTire Care Basics: Infl ate. Rotate. Evaluate. ......................... 3Tire Maintenance and Safety Information ............................. 8Tire Failure While Driving ...................................................... 8Tire Infl ation Pressure .. (8)Tips For Safe Tire Infl ation (10)Tips For Safe Loading (11)Tire Damage, Inspection and Service Life ........................... 11Tire Manufacture Date .. (13)Tire Repairs (13)Tire Mounting and Other Servicing ...................................... 15High Performance, Low Aspect Ratio Tires .. (16)Winter Tires (16)High Speed Driving ............................................................. 17Tire Speed Ratings . (17)Tire Spinning (19)Radial Tire Rotation (19)Tire Replacement and Tire Mixing ....................................... 20Your Spare Tire . (21)Tire Storage (22)Tire Service Customer Satisfaction (22)Tire Registration ................................................................. 22RFT Tires with Run-Flat Technology .................................... 23RFT Infl ation Pressure (23)Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) (23)Run-Flat or Low Tire Pressure Operation (24)Distance—How Far You Can Drive (25)Special Service and Repair Issues ...................................... 25Reference Information .......................................................... 27Tire Sidewall Labeling (27)Uniform Tire Quality Grading ............................................... 29Limited Warranty (30)Customer, Vehicle, and Tire Identification .......................... 31Recommended Inflation Pressure ......................... Back Cover Tire Maintenance Record ...................................... Back Cover 4C E R T30psi20psi 4This chart shows you how underinfl ation can create an overload on tires.Check your tire pressure every month to make sure it’s up to specifi cation, especially before long trips or carrying extra weight.Serious personal injury or death may result from a tire fail-ure. Many tire failures are preceded by vibration, bumps, bulges or irregular wear. If a vibration occurs while driving your vehicle or you notice a bump, bulge or irregular wear,It is not often that a properly maintained tire will “blow out” while you are driving. More commonly, if in pressure is lost, it will be gradual. If you do experience a blowout or sudden tire failure, the following informationDriving on tires with improper in•Under-ininternal structural damage.•Over-inFigure 1: EXAMPLE—Tire and Loading Information Placard9Figure 2: EXAMPLE—Tire Information Placard Maximum Pressure Indicated on the Tire Sidewall: This is the maximum permissible in ation pressure for the tire only. The vehicle manufacturer’s recommended tire pressures may be lower than, or the same as, the maxi-mum pressure indicated on the tire sidewall. The vehicle manufacturer’s speci cation of tire pressure is limitedto your particular vehicle and takes into account your vehicle’s load, ride, and handling characteristics, among other criteria. Since there may be several possible vehicle applications for a given tire size, a vehicle manufacturer may choose a different in ation pressure speci cation for that same size tire on a different vehicle. Therefore, always refer to the in ation pressure speci cations on the vehicle tire information placard and/or in your vehicle owner’s manual.Different Tire Pressures for the Front and Rear Tires: For some vehicles, the recommended front and rear in a-tion pressures may be different (such as in the example shown in Figure 2). Make sure you take this into account during in ation pressure checks and when rotating tires. Pressure Loss: Tires can lose 1 psi (7 kPa) per month un-In ating an unsecured tire is dangerous. If it bursts, it could be hurled into the air with explosive force resulting in serious personal injury or death. Never init is secured to the vehicle or a tire mounting machine.Driving your vehicle in an overloaded condition is danger-ous. Overloading causes excessive tire heat build-up and internal structural damage. This can cause a tire failure - (even after the load is reduced) - which could lead to seriousDriving on damaged tires is dangerous. A damaged tire can suddenly fail causing serious personal injury or death. Have your tires regularly inspected by a qualiservice professional.Tires Produced Prior to 2000: The last three (3) digits of the serial code identify the week and year of production. For example, a tire with a code ending in “329” would likely have been produced in the 32nd week of 1999, but possibly produced in 1989. If in doubt, consult a quali ed tire service professional.TIRE REPAIRSSAFETY WARNINGDriving on an improperly repaired tire is dangerous. An improper repair can be unreliable or permit further damage to the tire. The tire may suddenly fail, causing serious personal injury or death. A complete inspection and repairof the tire and the puncture hole is lled with aThis helps ensure that the in-terior of the tire is adequately sealed to prevent in ation pressure loss and prevents contamination of the steel belts and other plies from the elements (such as water)Tell the tire service professional if you have used an aerosol xer to ina highly volatile gas. Always remove the valve core outdoors, away from sources of excessive heat,Removing and replacing tires on wheels can be dangerous. Attempting to mount tires with improper tools or proce-dures may result in a tire explosion causing serious per-sonal injury or death. This is only a job for a qualiWinter driving presents special challenges for vehicle mobility. The use of winter tires (including studs and chains)—while improving traction performance in snow and ice—requires special care with regard to acceleration,Driving at high speed is dangerous and can cause an ac-cident, resulting in serious personal injury or death.•Regardless of the speed and handling capabilities of your18•The tire’s speed rating is void if the tire is repaired,retreaded, damaged, abused, or otherwise altered from its original condition. Thereafter, it should be treated as a non-speed rated tire.•Non-speed rated tires are usually for ordinary passenger car or light truck service and not for high speed driving.•For winter tires used in cold weather conditions, it is generally acceptable to apply a tire with a lower speed rating than your original tires; however, speed should be reduced accordingly. All winter tires should be the same speed rating. Some vehicles have speci c recommen-dations regarding winter tire use; consult your vehicle owner’s manual and tire information placard. See “Win-ter Tires” in this manual.These speed ratings are based on standardized laboratory tests under speci c, controlled conditions. While these tests may relate to performance on the road, real-world driving is rarely identical to any test conditions. Your tire’s actual speed capability may be less than its rated speed since it is affected by factors such as in ation pressure, load, tire condition (including damage), wear, vehicle condition (including alignment), driving conditions, and duration at which the speed is sustained. Use the following chart to compare the speed ratings of tires. Remember: reg-erdless of the tire’s speed rating, drivers should obey speed limits and adjust their speed based on traf c, weather,vehicle and road conditions.The tire’s speed rating designation appears on the tire side-wall with the tire size. Examples:P275/40ZR17 max > 149 mph (240 km/h) ****P275/40R17 93W max = 168 mph (270 km/h)P275/40ZR17 93W max = 168 mph (270 km/h)P275/40ZR17 93Y max = 186 mph (300 km/h)P275/40ZR17 93(Y) max > 186 mph (300 km/h) *****In standardized laboratory tests that relate to highway speeds. Actual tire speed and performance capability Speed Speed Category*Symbol mph km/hM 81 130Q 99 160R 106 170S 112 180T 118 190U 124 200H 130 210V 149 240Z** >149>240W 168 270Y 186 300(Y)*** >186>300dit om ,Spinning a tire to extract a vehicle stuck in mud, ice, snow, or wet grass can be dangerous. A tire spinning at a speed-ometer reading above 35 mph (55 km/h) can in a matter of seconds reach a rotation speed capable of disintegrat-Driving your vehicle with an improper mix of tires is dangerous. Your vehicle’s handling characteristics may be seriously affected. You could have an accident resulting in serious personal injury or death. Consult your vehicleCheck inin ation pressure when using your spare tire can result in serious personal injury or death. See “Tire Insure” in this manual.Mounting a “temporary use” tire on a wheel which is not speci cally designed for it, or placing another type tire on a wheel designated for temporary use can be dangerous. Your vehicle’s handling characteristics can be seriously af-Improper storage can damage your tires in ways that may not be visible and can lead to a failure resulting in serious personal injury or death.TIRES with RUN-FLAT TECHNOLOGY If your vehicle is equipped with Bridgestone or Firestone brand RFT tires, this chapter presents speci c maintenanceSerious personal injury or death may result from a tire fail-ure or accident due to improper run-operation. Read and follow the instructions below, and the other maintenance and safety recommendations elsewhere25DISTANCE—HOW FAR YOU CAN DRIVERFT tires are capable of operating up to the distance of 50 miles (80km) at a maximum speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) in run-flat or low pressure operation. However, the distance capability may be less (or more) depending upon the actual vehicle application and specific operating conditions.Factors affecting run-flat or low tire pressure operating distance include vehicle speed, load, and maneuvering; the amount of inflation pressure loss; the extent of any tire damage; and ambient temperature. To maximize the dis-tance capability in a run-flat or low pressure condition:•Reduce vehicle speed as much as safely and reasonablypossible. Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h).• Avoid abrupt or aggressive acceleration, braking, or cornering maneuvers as much as safely and reasonably possible. Avoid pot holes and other road hazards.Higher vehicle loads (such as with more passengers or cargo) and higher ambient temperatures decrease the dis-tance capability of an RFT tire in run-flat or low pressure operation.Note:•If the sidewall of the RFT tire specifies a run-flat or low pressure distance limitation, do not exceed the specified distance.•The distance capability of the vehicle is limited to the distance capability of the specific RFT tire that is operat-ing in a run-flat or low pressure condition.•For original equipment specification RTF tires applied to vehicles originally equipped with these tires, see the vehicle owner’s manual for distance limitations during run-flat or low pressure operation.If in doubt about the distance capability of an RFT tire, do not exceed 50 miles (80 km) in run-low or low pressure operation. Seek tire service as soon as possible to minimize tire damage.SPECIAL SERVICE and REPAIR ISSUESAuthorized RFT Service Centers Because of the advanced technology and design of RFT tires and the required tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS), only qualified tire service professionals with the proper equipment and training should service RFT tires. For instance, the use of tire mounting equipment that is unsuitable for an RFT tire may damage the tire beyond repair. Therefore, it is recommended to go to an authorized Bridgestone or Firestone brand tire retailer for service and replacement.Call toll-free 1-800-847-3272 or visit to locate the nearest Bridgestone or Firestone brand retailer.. r-il-he e n -r d r- w yhe d yInspection after Run-Flat or Low Pressure Operation Following run-flat or low tire pressure operation, or in the event of any other tire damage or unusual condition, it is very important to obtain a proper and complete tire evaluation as soon as possible.RotationFollow the vehicle manufacturer’s recommenda-tions, or rotate every 5,000 miles (8,000 km) per the recommendations in this manual (see “Radial Tire Rota-tion”). In some cases, TPMS devices require reprogram-ming with each tire rotation.RFT Tire ReplacementDo not replace or mix RFT tires with conventional tires, unless on an emergency/temporary basis. Conventional tires do not have run-flat capability and the handling characteristics of the vehicle with these tires may be different. If a conventional tire is used on an emergency/ temporary basis, verify that its size, load capacity, inflation pressure, and speed rating specifications meet the require-ments of the vehicle. Replace any conventional tire with the proper RFT tire as soon as possible.RFT Tire Damage and RepairNo tire, regardless of its design or quality is indestructible. RFT tires can be ultimately rendered unusable due to a puncture or other road hazard as well as from improper low tire pressure operation. Some punctures may be repaired under certain restrictions and prescribed procedures. An im-proper repair is unsafe and will void the Limited Warranty. When driven fl at or with low pressure, factors affecting reparability include vehicle speed, load, and maneuvering; the amount of inflation pressure loss; and ambient tem-perature. In any situation, the extent and location of direct damage from a puncturing object or other road hazard are also critical factors.RFT tires are not repairable in any of the following situations:•If the tire was operated with infl ation pressure less than 15 psi (100 kPa).• Abrasion or other damage is present on the exterior tread, sidewall or bead areas.• Abrasion, wrinkling, or separation is present on the tire interior.• Any condition or damage is present that disqualifies repair of a conventional tire.A qualifi ed tire service professional should fully inspect your tire, inside and out, to determine if the tire can be repaired. Tire damage is not always visible from the outside and the tire must be removed from the wheel for a complete inspection. For more information, see “Tire Repairs” in this manual.l low26Figure 3: Typical Passenger Tire MarkingsFigure 4: Typical Light Truck Tire Markings2728Tire Size, Load Range, Load Index, and Speed Symbol:DOT Symbol and Tire Identi cation Number: The “DOT” symbol constitutes a certi cation that the tire conforms to applicable U.S. Department of Transportation motor vehicle safety standards (for tires). Following the “DOT” symbol is the tire identi cation number, also knownas the DOT serial number or code. For example:(a)DOT Symbol(b)Plant of Manufacture Code(c)Tire Size Code(d)Tire Manufacturer’s Code(e)Week of Production (01-53)(f)Year of Production (last two digits of year)**For tires produced from 2000-on. In the example above,the tire was produced in the 18th week of 2000. For tires produced prior to 2000, there is one digit in group (f) which identi es the last digit of the year of production, i.e. “329”would likely signify the 32nd week of 1999, but could pos-sibly signify the 32nd week of 1989. If in doubt, consult a quali ed tire service professional.The DOT symbol and tire identi cation number can be found on at least one sidewall near the wheel. The other sidewall may have a partial serial code that excludes (e) and (f) above.Maximum Load and Ination: The maximum load and maximum in ation pressure is marked on each sidewall in metric and English units. For example:MAX LOAD 685 kg (1510 lbs) AT 240 kPa (35 psi) MAX PRESSNote: The load and in ation values marked on the tiresidewall are maximum permissible values for the tire only. Never assume that these values are the actual recommended load capacity or tire pressure values for your vehicle. See “Tire In ation Pressure,” “Tips for Safe Tire In ation,” and “Tips for Safe Loading” in this manual.Ply Composition and Materials: The actual number of plies in the sidewall and tread area and the generic name(s) Examples: Tire Size Load Speed Load Index Symbol Range Figure 3 P215/65R15 95 H --Figure 4 LT235/85R16 114/111 Q D DOT EL CB DKE 1800(a)(b) (c) (d) (e) (f)*wa u les per r r a e29ol:n e, 9” os- a d n X y e s) eof their cord material(s) are marked on at least one side-wall. For example:TREAD 2 PLY POLYESTER + 2 STEEL SIDEWALL 2 PLY POLYESTERRadial: Radial ply tires will have the word “radial” on at least one sidewall. An “R” in the tire size designation also indicates radial ply construction.Tubeless or Tube Type: Tires are marked as either “tube-less” or “tube type,” whichever is applicable, on at least one sidewall.UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADINGThe Uniform Tire Quality Grading (“UTQG”) standards are intended to assist you in making an informed choice in your purchase of passenger car tires by providing information indicating relative performance of these tires in the areas of tread wear, wet braking traction (straight-ahead), and tem-perature resistance. All passenger car tires must conform to federal safety requirements in addition to these grades.Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on thewear rate of the tire when tested under controlled condi-tions on a speci ed government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and one half (1½ ) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and may depart signi -cantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.Traction The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C. Those grades represent the tire’s ability to stop onwet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on speci ed government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete.Warning: The traction grade assigned to a tire is based onstraight-ahead braking traction tests, and does not include acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning, or peak traction characteristics.TemperatureThe temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under con-trolled conditions on a speci ed indoor laboratory testwheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessivetemperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle SafetyTires with Run-Flat TechnologyMAINTENANCE RECORDI n s p e c ti o n R o t a ti o n B a la n c eMileage Date Retailer。
2014年普利司通的轮胎知识
2014年普利司通的轮胎知识普利司通的轮胎知识Q：请问导致轮胎起鼓的原因有哪些？A：导致轮胎起鼓的原因有以下三个方面：1、制造原因：包括胎体帘布帘线密度不均或胎侧胶厚薄不均。
2、安装原因：胎圈部位帘线被划断，起鼓对应胎圈部位有明显划痕、帘布断裂。
3、使用原因：擦伤、撞伤、刺伤、垫伤及划伤等。
通常会在起鼓对应部位内、外侧留下伤痕。
但由于橡胶为弹性体，在特定情况下可能帘线受损而橡胶表面没有伤痕。
Q：对于轮胎的充气压力需要注意哪些问题？A：轮胎的充气压力，应根据不同的使用条件进行适当的调整：1、一般在市区行驶，可参考汽车厂家在车体上标识的气压。
2、经常行驶于恶劣路面时，应将气压适当提高。
否则易损伤胎侧，带来安全隐患。
3、经常在高速行驶，也应将气压适当提高，以降低轮胎爆胎的几率（高速行驶时，轮胎生热主要来源是胎侧频繁的变形）。
4、一般轿车轮胎充气压力在2.0到2.5之间，均属正常，但应根据您自己的感觉以及使用条件做适当调整。
5、另外，气压过高或过低，都会导致轮胎早期损坏，影响安全。
Q：请问175/65R14轮胎能升级到185/65R14的轮胎吗？(A：1、轮胎升级的基本原则是要“保持轮胎外直径（轮胎高度）基本不变”，否则可能影响速度表的准确性。
2、185/60R14轮胎的外直径与175/65R14轮胎的外直径差距较大，不建议更换为此规格。
3、如希望为爱车进行升级，可升级为185/60R14规格的轮胎，但仍然需要实车检测。
:4、为确保升级得当，建议到专业轮胎店（如：普利司通“车之翼”）咨询。
Q：请问哪些情况会导致轮胎爆胎。
爆胎后，能否从胎面看出是否属于爆胎？A：轮胎爆胎一般有以下几个主要原因①轮胎受到外力（撞击、刺穿等）作用，使轮胎严重破坏。
②车辆长时间超轮胎的设计速度行驶，或超负荷使用。
③轮胎充气压力过低。
④轮胎充气压力过高。
轮胎爆破一般在胎侧受到破坏的情况比较多见，如是胎面受到严重外伤而导致轮胎爆破，应该能够从胎面看到外物的切入点。
普利司通技术说明
普利司通技术说明一、轮胎轮廓设计（一）技术核心1、动态平衡轮廓理论普利司通轮胎轮廓设计的核心是动态平衡轮廓理论。
传统的设计理论是自然平衡轮廓理论，这种理论让轮胎在静止充气状态达到受力最佳，但是当轮胎在使用即滚动状态下，由于离心力、负载的作用，轮廓会发生变化，静态平衡轮廓就不是最佳状态了。
而动态平衡轮廓理论通过模拟轮胎滚动状态，使的轮胎轮廓在滚动状态下达到最佳状态。
动态平衡轮廓和静态平衡轮廓的轮胎形状差异（虚线为静态平衡轮廓）这种最佳状态表现为：（1）钢丝带束层所受张力平均分配，从而使轮胎的胎面与地面接触更加充分，导致对地抓着力、抗湿滑性、滚动阻力、高速性能的大幅度上升。
传统理论设计的轮胎接地状态，胎面与地面接触不充分动态平衡理论设计的轮胎接地状态，胎面与地面接触比较充分（2）动态平衡轮廓的轮胎因为轮廓形状设计的合理，轮胎子口部位在充气压力的作用下向上抬起，减少了子口部位和轮辋的应力作用，耐久性能更好；传统设计理论的轮廓子口部位往往被充气压力压向轮辋，当子口部位不断曲挠变形的时候很容易损坏，耐久性能不佳。
2、BBB设计理论BBB设计理论是在动态平衡轮廓理论基础上发展起来的，它的目的是在保持轮胎总体良好性能的基础上把轮廓缩小，从而达到有效降低轮胎成本、提升轮胎性价比的效果。
一般轮胎的直径和宽度都是按照国际标准值设计，如果小于标准值就会造成轮胎体积偏小，负载能力和刚性不足，影响安全性和操作性能。
但是BBB设计技术的应用可以使轮胎的直径和宽度都小于标准值（仍然在标准值的下限范围之内），它的原理就是通过特定程序的计算，得出轮胎轮廓的几个关键点，然后依据这几个点按照特定的方法绘制出轮廓，使的整个轮胎的胎肩和子口这两个轮胎最关键的部位处于最佳平衡状态，并且在轮胎的体积缩小的情况下仍然保证足够的刚性，满足车辆操纵的需求。
BBB设计使的轮胎比普通轮胎具有明显的成本优势，并且性能也犹有过之。
（二）技术优势普利司通轮胎轮廓设计的两大支柱就是动态平衡轮廓理论和BBB设计理论，这两种理论综合运用，用最小的资源消耗达到最佳的性能，具有巨大的竞争优势：1、在使用相同的骨架材料和胶料的情况下，普利司通技术的轮胎具有更好操纵性、安全性、低滚阻、抗湿滑性。
普利司通轮胎培训手册00
有条件的尽量立放
路漫漫其悠远
平放不整齐（超过10个）
堆放过多会导致轮胎变 形、并口，长时间堆放 轮胎时，上部的轮胎和 下部的轮胎应每月至少 互换一次。
普利司通轮胎培训手册00
二.轮胎的使用与保养—1.轮胎的存放
2.如果水平堆放轮胎，建议参照以下标准：
堆放过多会导致轮胎变形、并口，长时间堆放轮胎时，上部的轮 胎和下部的轮胎应每月至少互换一次。
强度没有 明显差异
制作不良
胎体帘线遭撞击 后发生永久变形
普利司通轮胎培训手册00
三.轮胎的缺陷鉴定—2.异常磨损 磨耗产生原因
【参考橡皮摩擦现象】
【轮胎实际磨耗现象】
磨损程度是由压力（ｆ）和滑动量（δ）决定
发生磨耗的条件
橡皮摩擦情况
轮胎磨耗情况
上下压力
滑动量
擦拭情况
橡皮屑量
车辆移动情况 轮胎磨耗情况
4. 确认轮胎轮辋是否匹配
路漫漫其悠远
普利司通轮胎培训手册00
二.轮胎的使用与保养—3.轮胎的安装
5.装胎时应在轮胎胎圈部位涂抹润滑膏， 以减少装胎阻力及初装充气压力。
6.装胎时上、下胎圈不得同时装入轮辋。安装 低扁平率轮胎或特殊轮胎（如：RFT轮胎）必须 使用专用设备和工具(为避免损坏胎圈和轮辋， 必须使用防护套)。装胎时不得损坏胎圈,以免 影响气密性及发生爆胎事故。
红点，轮胎RFV性能高点
磨耗标记，推荐轮胎使用的磨耗 标准
普利司通轮胎培训手册00
一.基础知识—5.轮胎原材料
轮胎的原材料
橡胶
添加剂
帘布 钢丝
路漫漫其悠远
天然橡胶 丁苯橡胶
丁基橡胶
钢丝帘布
橡胶
纤维帘布
轮胎知识学习培训资料(PPT 41页)
多 多 多 恶 高
21
三.轮胎的缺陷鉴定—2.异常磨损 不良因素可以造成异常磨耗
22
三.轮胎的缺陷鉴定—3.脱层
脱层主要原因
制造
成型时各部件之间没有压实 半成品部件表面有油污或异物
使用
超负荷或超速度（轮胎的设计速度）行驶 低气压碾轧
脱层鉴定方法
脱层界面
表面光滑 有粘状物或异物
明显的撕裂痕迹或线痕
造成轮胎单一方向磨损 降低轮胎寿命 车辆抖动、增加噪音
14
二.轮胎的使用保养—轮胎的保养
换位举例
交叉换位
四轮换位推荐里程为 1W公里。
循环换位
注意： 轮胎实施换位后，需 要进行四轮定位
15
二.轮胎的使用保养—4.轮胎的保养
3.轮胎修补（轿车轮胎）
轮胎发生损伤后，部分情况可以进行修补后继续使用。 ◆ 可修补范围：
内外侧有 无
无伤痕
起鼓是常见的问题，有经验的鉴 定人员无需借助复杂设备，通过 眼观手摸即可以实施准确的鉴定。
沿周向等半径，手用 力顶住胎体左右移动
安装不良
使用不当
感觉起鼓部 位厚度略薄 或强度稍弱
制作不良
强度没有 明显差异
胎体帘线遭撞击 后发生永久变形
19
三.轮胎的缺陷鉴定—2.异常磨损 磨耗产生原因
轮辋 原因
安装 原因
轮缘曲线不合格 直径超标准 初装压力大（一般大于40PSI） 胎圈相对于轮辋胎圈座歪斜 没有润滑
安装爆胎示意图
25
三.轮胎的缺陷鉴定—5.爆胎
爆胎鉴定方法
轮辋直径大于标准；轮缘曲 线不合格；轮辋严重锈蚀或 变形
球带尺测 量
无异常
轮辋原因
轮胎培训资料
轮胎的磨损和损伤会影响车辆的制动距离和操控性能，进而影响行车安全。因此，保持轮胎的良好状态对保障行车安全至关重要。
传递驱动力与制动力
轮胎通过与地面的摩擦力传递驱动力和制动力，帮助车辆启动、加速、减速和停车。
轮胎的作用与重要性
胎面
轮胎的基本构造与组成
胎侧
胎圈
气密层
轮胎的分类与命名
轿车轮胎、商用车轮胎、工业车辆轮胎、工程机械车辆轮胎等。
按用途分类
按花纹分类
按结构分类
按气压分类
条形花纹、羊角花纹、复合花纹、块状花纹等。
有内胎轮胎和无内胎轮胎。
高压胎、低压胎和中压胎。
02
轮胎选购与使用
选购轮胎的要点与技巧
根据车辆制造商提供的规格指南，选择适合自己车辆的轮胎。
确定车型和规格
针对不同的驾驶需求，如舒适性、操控性、湿地抓地力等，选择适合的轮胎。
更换周期
轮胎的使用寿命与更换周期
充气
定期检查轮胎气压，按照车辆制造商提供的胎压数值进行充气。建议每月至少检查一次胎压，确保其保持在正常范围内。
胎压监测
使用胎压监测系统可以实时监测轮胎气压，及时发现异常情况。如果胎压不足或过高，胎压监测系统会发出警报提示驾驶员。
轮胎的充气与胎压监测
03
轮胎维护与保养
2023-10-26
《轮胎培训资料》
contents
目录
轮胎基础知识轮胎选购与使用轮胎维护与保养轮胎安全与环保
01
轮胎基础知识
支撑车辆载荷
轮胎作为车辆与路面接触的唯一部件，承载着车辆的重量，帮助车辆在行驶过程中和空气动力学性能直接影响车辆的行驶性能，如操控性、稳定性和舒适性。
轮胎知识学习培训资料
轮胎的使用寿命与更换周期
轮胎使用寿命
轮胎的使用寿命取决于多种因素，如行驶里程、使用年限、行驶环境等。一般来 说，轮胎的使用寿命在5-10万公里左右，但不同品牌和型号的轮胎使用寿命存在 差异。
更换周期
轮胎的更换周期通常在行驶里程达到一定值时进行，如6万公里、8万公里等。此 外，如果轮胎出现磨损、老化、损坏等情况，也需要及时更换。
04 轮胎安全使用与注意事项
轮胎的速度等级与载重指数
速度等级
轮胎的速度等级是指轮胎在规定条件下能够承受的最大速度 ，通常以字母表示，如S、T、H等。不同速度等级的轮胎适 用不同的车辆和行驶条件，选择正确速度等级的轮胎对于确 保行车安全至关重要。
载重指数
轮胎的载重指数是指轮胎在规定气压下能够承受的最大载重 ，通常以数字表示，如95、100、120等。载重指数越大，轮 胎承受的重量越大，选择正确载重指数的轮胎能够确保车辆 在满载时的安全性和稳定性。
绿色轮胎的发展与环保要求
发展
绿色轮胎采用环保材料，降低轮胎对环境的影响。
环保要求
国际和国内对轮胎的环保标准不断提高，推动绿色轮胎的发展。
谢谢聆听
D
02 轮胎使用与保养
轮胎的安装与拆卸
• 总结词：掌握正确的轮胎安装和拆卸方法对于确保 安全和延长轮胎使用寿命至关重要。
轮胎的安装与拆卸
安装步骤 检查轮胎和轮毂是否匹配，确认轮胎的规格和方向。
清洁轮毂和轮胎，确保没有异物和残留物。
轮胎的安装与拆卸
• 使用正确的工具和力量进行安装，避免损坏轮胎或轮毂。
轮胎的主要性能指标
A
摩擦系数
表示轮胎与地面之间的摩擦力大小，直接影响 车辆的制动和操控性能。
抗滑性能
普利司通轮胎培训手册-00
力下降，导 致轮胎安全 倍数降低
三.轮胎的缺陷鉴定—5.爆胎
其它
防老剂
防焦剂
增塑剂
+
增粘剂
配合剂
+
帘布
工
+艺
胎圈钢丝
二.轮胎的使用与保养—1.轮胎的存放
1.轮胎存放
◆轮胎不得与油类、易燃品、化学腐蚀品混放，以免造成轮胎发粘或软化。 ◆轮胎应存放在室内、没有阳光直射及雨淋的地方。 ◆防止外物(钉子、石块、金属及玻璃碎片等)损坏轮胎。 ◆按照“先入先出”的原则进行存货的周转。 ◆轮胎应在存放架上立放，如没有存放架，也必须在地面上立放，以免造成胎圈并口，致使充气困难。
12 1
2
5 13
14
一.基础知识—4.轮胎标识
编号
项目
英文标识
中文含义
1 商标
BRIDGESTONE
普利司通（轮胎品牌）
2 规格
215/55R17 93V
轮胎规格标识
3 轮胎结构
STEEL BELT RADIAL
钢丝带束层子午线
4 无内胎
TUBELESS
无内胎
5 生产编号
1ULM JAF 4205
4. 确认轮胎轮辋是否匹配
二.轮胎的使用与保养—3.轮胎的安装
5.装胎时应在轮胎胎圈部位涂抹润滑膏， 以减少装胎阻力及初装充气压力。
6.装胎时上、下胎圈不得同时装入轮辋。安装 低扁平率轮胎或特殊轮胎（如：RFT轮胎）必须 使用专用设备和工具(为避免损坏胎圈和轮辋， 必须使用防护套)。装胎时不得损坏胎圈,以免 影响气密性及发生爆胎事故。
中文含义 标准轮辋：6J
3C认证标识
中国制造
1轮胎基础知识普利司通
6.00-12 165/70R13
轻载及载重 6.50-16LT
6.50-16
6.50-16 6.50-16LT
胎
215/75R14LT LT215/75R14 215/75R14C 215/75R14LT
轿车胎〔GB〕： 斜交胎：
6.00 - 轮胎的公称断面宽 6英寸 12 - 轮辋的名义直径 12英寸
轮胎、轮辋的分类及规格标识
• 子午胎： 165/70R13 79T
•
165 – 轮胎的公称断面宽 165mm
•
70 – 轮胎断面的高宽比〔扁平比〕
•
R – 子午胎〔RADIAL〕
•
13 – 轮辋名义直径 13英寸
•
79 – 负荷指数
•
T – 速度等级 T = ຫໍສະໝຸດ 90 km/h• 轻载及载重胎
•
斜交胎：
按有无内胎分类
有内胎轮胎
无内胎轮胎
有无内胎轮胎的主要区别：
区分
胎里
胎里橡胶
有内胎型 无内胎型
内衬胶 气密层
天然橡胶 卤化丁基胶
轮胎着合直径与 轮辋直径的配合
非过盈配合
过盈配合
气门嘴
内胎气门嘴 轮辋气门嘴
无内胎轮胎在性能上的优势：
①. 避免内胎故障（例如内胎漏气） ②. 轮胎被刺穿后避免空气快速泄漏 ③. 轮胎内压缩空气直接与轮辋接触，散热效率高 缺点：
1.出色的驱动力和制动 力.
2.强大的牵引力。
铺装路面，高速
普通路面，非铺 装路面
1. 纵 纹 提 供 转 向 稳 定 性
并有助于防止侧滑。 2. 横 纹 改 善 了 驱 动 力 、
制动力及牵引力。
普通路面，非铺 装路面
普利司通轮胎培训手册
2023-10-26
普利司通轮胎培训手册
CATALOGUE
目录
普利司通公司介绍普利司通轮胎基础知识普利司通轮胎使用与保养普利司通轮胎常见问题及解决方案普利司通轮胎的发展趋势与未来展望普利司通公司对员工的培训与发展计划
普利司通公司介绍
01
创立于1930年，总部位于日本东京。
由石桥正二郎先生创建，已有超过80年的历史。
职业发展规划与晋升机制
01
职业发展路径
为员工提供明确的职业发展路径和晋升通道，让员工看到在公司的发展前景。
02
内部晋升
鼓励员工通过内部晋升机制获得晋升，提高员工的工作满意度和忠诚度。
公司对员工的福利待遇与关爱措施
为员工提供五险一金，保障员工的基本生活需求。
五险一金
年终奖金
带薪年假
节日福利
根据员工年度表现发放年终奖，激励员工努力工作。
轮胎更换周期与更换方法
普利司通轮胎常见问题及解决方案
04
原因驾驶习惯不当道路条件恶劣轮胎质量问题解决方案改善驾驶习惯，如保持稳定的车速、避免急刹车等选择合适的道路，避免过于颠簸的路面与经销商协商更换新轮胎
轮胎磨损过快的原因及解决方案
原因长时间使用道路条件恶劣轮胎质量问题解决方案定期检查轮胎，及时更换磨损严重的轮胎避免在恶劣路况下行驶与经销商协商更换新轮胎
01
02
03
轮胎更换周期
一般情况下，轮胎的使用寿命为3-5年或行驶里程达到5-8万公里时需要更换一次。实际更换周期还需根据车辆使用情况、行驶路况和胎压等因素综合考虑。
轮胎更换方法
首先将车辆停放在安全的地方，用千斤顶将车辆顶起，卸下轮胎并将新轮胎安装到轮毂上，然后放下车辆并充气至合适的胎压。最后检查轮胎是否安装正确并调整车辆的悬挂系统。
BRIDGESTONE 或 FIRESTONE 品牌车载胎维护、安全和保修手册说明书
TIRE MAINTENANCE, SAFETY andWARRANTYMANUALORIGINAL EQUIPMENTPASSENGERand LIGHT TRUCK TIRESIncluding Tires with Run-Flat Technology30 psi20 psidriver’s-side door edge or door jamb area.Example:Serious personal injury or death may result from a tire failure. Many tire failures are preceded by vibration, bumps, bulges or irregular wear.you notice a bump, bulge or irregular wear, have your tires and It is not often that a properly maintained tire will “blow out”you are driving.will be gradual.failure, the following information should be helpful:SAFETY WARNINGDriving on tires with improper inflation pressure is dangerous.• Under-inflation causes excessive tire heat build-up and internal structural damage.•Over-inflation makes it more likely for tires to be cut, punctured, or broken by sudden impact.These situations can cause a tire failure, even at a later date, which could lead to serious personal injury or death.Consult the vehicle tire information placard and/or owner’s manual for the recommended inflation pressures.In addition to tire damage, improper inflation pressure may also:• Adversely affect vehicle ride and handling.• Reduce tire tread wear.• Affect fuel economy.Therefore, follow these important recommendations for tire and vehicle safety, mileage, and economy:• Always keep the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended inflation pressure in all your tires,including the spare.• Check their pressure monthly and before long trips or carrying extra weight.Y our vehicle’s tire information placard and/or owner’s manual will tell you the recommended cold inflation pressure for all your tires, including the spare.Examples of placards are shown in Figures 1 and 2.Y our placard may look differently and have dif-ferent tire and loading information than that shown in either of the figures.You must check the driver’s-side door edge or door jamb area for the actual placard that applies to your vehicle.For questions about locating or understanding the tire information placard, consult your vehicle owner’s manual or ask a qualified tire service professional.Figure 1:EXAMPLE—Tire and Loading Information PlacardInflating an unsecured tire is dangerous.hurled into the air with explosive force resulting in serious per-sonal injury or death.the vehicle or a tire mounting machine.Driving your vehicle in an overloaded condition is dangerous. Overloading causes excessive tire heat build-up and internal structural damage.date, which could lead to serious personal injury or death.Driving on damaged tires is dangerous.denly fail causing serious personal injury or death.tires regularly inspected by a qualified tire service professional.Driving on an improperly repaired tire is dangerous.repair can be unreliable or permit further damage to the tire. tire may suddenly fail, causing serious personal injury or death.A complete inspection and repair of your tire in accordance withT ell the tire service professional if you have used an aerosol fixer to inflate/seal the tire.volatile gas.sources of excessive heat, flame, or sparks and completely Removing and replacing tires on wheels can be dangerous. Attempting to mount tires with improper tools or procedures may result in a tire explosion causing serious personal injury or death.Winter driving presents special challenges for vehicle mobility. The use of winter tires (including studs and chains)—while improving traction performance in snow and ice—requires spe-cial care with regard to acceleration, braking, cornering, and Driving your vehicle with an improper mix of tires is dangerous. Y our vehicle’s handling characteristics can be seriously affected. Y ou could have an accident resulting in serious personal injury or death.Driving at high speed is dangerous and can cause a vehicle acci-dent, including serious personal injury or death.Spinning a tire to remove a vehicle stuck in mud, ice, snow, or wet grass can be dangerous.reading above 35 mph (55 km/h) can in a matter of seconds reach a speed capable of disintegrating a tire with explosiveCheck inflation pressure before use.tion pressure when using your spare tire can result in serious personal injury or death.manual.Mounting a “temporary use”cally designed for it, or placing another type tire on a wheel des-ignated for temporary use can be dangerous.dling characteristics can be seriously affected.Improper storage can damage your tires in ways that may not be visible and can lead to a failure resulting in serious personal injury or death.RFT TIRES with RUN-FLAT TECHNOLOGY If your vehicle is equipped with Bridgestone or Firestone brand RFT tires, this chapter presents specific maintenance and safe-ty issues associated with these tires that are in addition to those covered elsewhere in this manual.What is RFT? Run-Flat Technology tires are extraordinary tires that utilize specially designed components to temporarily support your vehicle in the event of inflation pressure loss, such as from a puncture.This gives you the ability to drive to a convenient and safe location to change your tire (if equipped with a spare) or have it inspected for possible repair or replacement.Naturally, certain run-flat and low pressure operating limitations apply, which varies according to the specific self-supporting tire design.Like all tires, during normal operation, they must be properly inflated and maintained.Regardless of the design or quality, no tire is indestructible.RFT—How to Identify:Bridgestone and Firestone brand tires are marked on the sidewalls, near the wheel, with the RFT logo (shown above).RFT INFLATION PRESSURELike other tires, RFT tires need proper inflation pressure maintenance for safe operation and to achieve the maximum tire life and performance.Check inflation pressures monthly and before long trips or carrying extra e an accurate tire gauge and check pressures when the tires are cold.Follow the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendation for inflation pres-sure settings as indicated on the vehicle tire information placard and/or in the vehicle owner’s manual.Do not forget the spare, if applicable.See “Tire Inflation Pressure”in this manual.TIRE PRESSURE MONITORINGSYSTEM (TPMS)A functioning tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) must be used with your RFT tires.Because these tires ride so well even without inflation pressure, the TPMS may be necessary to alert you of an inflation pressure loss condition.When alerted, follow the instruc-tions in your vehicle owner’s manual and see “Run-Flat or Low Tire Pressure Operation,”the following section in this manual.The vehicle or TPMS manufacturer may advise checking the TPMS regularly to confirm it is in working order.In addition, aSerious personal injury or death may result from a tire failure or accident due to improper run-flat or low tire pressure operation. Read and follow the instructions below, and the other mainte-nance and safety recommendations elsewhere in this manual.P215/65R15 95 H —LT235/85R16 114/111 Q DREFERENCE INFORMATIONTIRE SIDEWALL LABELINGA lot can be learned by reading the tire’s sidewall.The following figures show typical information on the sidewall of passenger (Figure 3) and light truck tires (Figure 4):Figure 3:TypicalPassenger TireMarkingsFigure 4:TypicalLight Truck TireMarkingsTire Size,Load Range,Load Index,and Speed Symbol:Tire SizeLoad Speed Load ExampleIndex Symbol Range Figure 3 Figure 4Including ELIGIBILITY。