2010年东南大学考博英语试题题型及考博心得
考博英语单选及完型分析、词汇语法
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18-郑州大学 2011
[1]定语从句关系代词
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19-中国科学院 2013
无
20-中南大学 2013
[1]陈述句式；[2]名词性从句；[3]陈述句式；[4]倒装句式； [5]形容词/名词搭配
★★
核心语法统计
[1]动词相关：21 处；[2]从句相关：6 处；[3]代词相关：6 处； [4]句式/句序相关：15 处；[5]其他相关：9 处
13-武汉大学 2013 14-西安交通大学 2013 15-西北大学 2011
16-厦门大学 2013
语法点
语法核心度
[1、2]定语从句关系代词
★
[1]不可数名词修饰；[2]定冠词/不定冠词
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无
无
无
[1]强调句；[2]动词不定式；[3]定语从句；[4]虚拟语气 If 倒 装；[5]非谓语动词/形容词；[6]倍数修饰表达；[7]陈述句式； [8、9]不定代词；[10]连词；[11]情态动词；[12]不定代词；[13] 定语从句关系代词
第一部分 全国考博英语真题题型数据统计分析
育明教育通过对全国 100 多所考博院校真题分析，选取了北京大学等共 20 所高校近三 年来的试卷，具有广泛的代表性，列表如下：
年份
2013 2012 2011
院校 北京大学、北京航空航天大学、华东师范大学、南京大学、山东大学、上海交通大学、 四川大学、武汉大学、西安交通大学、厦门大学、浙江大学、中国科学院、中南大学 北京师范大学、复旦大学、华中科技大学、吉林大学 重庆大学、西北大学、郑州大学
数量低于 5（次）的部分。
从上表可得出如下结论： （1）词义考察占据绝对比重，比重均值达 76.3%。育明教育认为，掌握词义，特别是 名词、动词、形容词等主要实词类别的词义，是实现单选、完型高正确率的重要保障。 （2）短语考察以“动．词．+．介．词．”“介．词．+．名．词．+．介．词．”形式为主。说明掌握介词短语，特 别是介词与动词、名词搭配的短语是提高单选、完型正确率的保障。 （3）词汇考察绝．大．部．分．以识．别．词．义．为主，极少涉及词形辨析、近义辨析等专业英语测 试中经常出现的题型。说明扩大词汇量，特别是熟练掌握积极词汇的常见义非常重要。 （4）绝大部分院校对语法、搭配考察较少，如有 10 个院校考察语法题量少于 5 题/卷， 8 个院校考察搭配题量少于 5 题/卷。从另一个侧面说明目前考察词义仍是重点，其要义是“看 得懂就能做得出”。
考博英语模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Sentence Transformation 4. Cloze 5. Proofreading 6. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The doctor’s ______ is that she’ll soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.A．agnosticismB．anticipationC．diagnosisD．prognosis正确答案：D解析：prognosis(对病情的)预断；agnosticism不可知论；anticipation预期，预料；diagnosis诊断。
2．It is ______ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his hearing will remain forever unspoken.A．uncommunicativelyB．acceptablyC．tacitlyD．taciturnly正确答案：C解析：题意为：相关方面默然达成一致意见：拜访过他的人没有跟他讲的话以后也谁也不许说出去。
tacitly沉默地，默然地；uncommunicatively不爱说话的；acceptably可以接受地；taciturnly(指人)沉默寡言地。
3．______ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.A．A complimentB．Pal adulatoryC．FlatteryD．Praise正确答案：C解析：题意为：奉承话并非出自真诚的、深刻的仰慕，更多情况下是出自一种利己主义的期望，期望自己被某个重要人物或名人认同。
东南大学考博英语辅导：考博英语阅读训练
东南大学考博英语辅导：考博英语阅读训练China reins in economic expansion China's growth in fixed-asset investment and its money supply slowed considerably in August，providing firm evidence that the government's tightening measures were reining in the country's rapid economic expansion.Urban fixed-asset investment in August rose21.5per cent compared with a year ago，a marked slowdown from the30.5per cent expansion from January through July and the slowest for a single month since December2004.M2，the broad indicator for money supply，rose17.9per cent last month compared with 18.4per cent in July and June.China's economy has been growing at a record pace，expanding by11.3per cent in the second quarter.Beijing officials and many economists are concerned that such growth rates are not sustainable in the longer term.The latest economic data，which were released by Qiu Xiaohua，commissioner of China's National Bureau of Statistics，suggest Beijing has been able to control excessive lending and investment to sectors such as real estate that are especially at risk of overheating.Beijing is using a combination of monetary and administrative controls in its attempts to moderate growth.Since late April，China's central bank has twice raised benchmark lending rates and bank reserve requirements.Yesterday it also mopped up a record Rmb225bn（$28.3bn）in its regular open market operations.Su Ning，the deputy central bank governor，said this week at an international conference in Beijing that the country's money supply was slowing dramatically as a result of these measures.At the same time，China's leaders are trying to control unnecessaryproduction-for instance by limiting land rights and enforcing environmental standards in key industries such as steel，cement and automobiles.Beijing is also worried about overlending to urban property projects，including residences，offices and industrial parks，and the threat it could lead to artificially high prices and excess supply.While trying to temper credit and investment growth，Beijing is also attempting to stimulate consumer spending，since it believes a strong middle class will be a key driver of future growth.China's statistics body said August retail sales were up13.8per cent，a rate consistent with that of the previous two months.Demand for oil products，jewellery，automobiles and building has been particularly strong.一、参考译文：8月份中国固定资产投资及货币供应量增长速度明显放缓，这有力地证明，政府的紧缩举措，正在抑制中国经济的迅速扩张。
医学博士英语真题及答案
2010 医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let's begin with question Number 1.1. A. She's looking for a girl.B. She needs a new purse.C. She's going to give a birthday party.Sample AnswerA B C DD. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She bears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He'll go to see Mr. White at 10:30.B. He'd like to make an earlier appointmentC. He'd like to cancel the appointment.D. He'd like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B. To work one more day as chairman.C. To think twice before he makes the decision.D. To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn't do anything in particular.B. She send a wounded person to the ER.C. She had to work in the ER.D. She went t skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man's mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B. It feels like a kind of unsteadinessC. It feels as if she is falling down.D. It feels as if she is goingaround.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B. John himself should be blamedC. John has a dog that barks a lot.D. John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult,B. The chemistry homework is fun.C. The math homework is difficult.D. The math homework is fun.I2. A. His backache.B. His broken leg,C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B. Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C. Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles14. A. Saturday morning, B. Saturday night.C. Sunday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He's lost his notebook.B. His handwriting is messy.C. He'll miss class later this week.D. He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B. He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D. He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B. He had his gallbladder inflamed.C. He was suffering from influenza.D. He had developed a big kidney stone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn't be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B. To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C. To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D. To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B. The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C. The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D. The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080,D. More than 60,008.23. A. Seven-hour sleeper gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B. Five-hour sleepers gained mote weight over t/me than 7-hour ones.C. Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D. Short-sleepers consume fewer calories than long sleepers:24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B. Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C. Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D. Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep,25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B. She asks too many questions.C. She is always considerate of my feelings.D. She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor B. A teaching assistant.C. A Ph.D. student. D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no. B. They usually say yes.C. They usually wait and see.D. They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident. B. Their brains grow too fast.C. They are psychologically dependent.D. Their brains are still immature in some areas .30. A. Be easy on your teen. B. Try to be mean to your teen.C. Say no to your teen when necessary.D. Don't care about your teen's feelings.Part II. Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can best complete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. inoculatedD. intoxicated33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don't have definite proof.A. suspend B: supervene C. supervise D. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer besatisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the properly rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligent D, intelligible38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the general public.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following statements has a word or. phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark. the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET,41. The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42. It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43. He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44. The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitment C; honesty D. talent45. He left immediately on the pretext that hah ad to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. circumstance46. The nurse was filled with remorse for not believing her.A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47. The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48. Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49. The doctor ruled out Friday's surgery for the patient's unexpected complications.A, confirmed B. facilitated C. postponed D. cancelled50. It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.' A. cautious B. motionless C: calm D. alertPart IlI Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed below the passage, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at least 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or {he disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only 6l pounds.A person with anorexia first develop joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in theblood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman's breathing, heartbeat,, and. blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, sometimes causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may suffer from fearfulness or continued deep sadness. Called depression. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 . lf it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A, specifically B. purposely C. particularly D .passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54, A. When B. While C . As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A, good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C motion D. action :60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this section there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, 13, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emitThe independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don't fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have sort ofbiological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation andResearch Agency's site at Portan Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. "If you have a developing nervous system, it's known to be more susceptible to environmental insults," he says. "So if phones did prove to be hazardous -- which they haven't yet -- it would be sensible."In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain. "What we've found is an effect, but we don't know if it's hazardous," he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children's exposure would be greater. "There's a lot less tissue in the way, and the skull is thinner, so children's heads are considerably closer," he says.Stewart's report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. "The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary," says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. "But we accept that it's difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body."61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, it does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in term ofA. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UKA. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stewart's planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones' energy emissions65. Which of the following can be the best candidate for the title of the passage?A. Brain Wave.B. For Adults Only.C. Catch Them Young.D. The Answer in the Air.Passage TwoAdvances in cosmetics dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and mom openly today than even in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile's ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs, voluptuous nudes, or middle-classfamily members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains (like the torturers inmartyrdom and crucifixion scenes) may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator of Yale University's Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples of Leonardo's Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the "Smiley Face" logo perfected (though not invented) in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R. Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarilyindicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to be openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public. "Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the 'true' smile," and .therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow's beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These corner-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one's favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except "Have a nice day"?66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A. people would not have been as happy as they are today .B. the rate of facial birth defects would not have declinedC. there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile et not in the portraits or pictures is decidedbyA. one's internal sense of the external worldB. one's identity or social positionC. one's times of existenceD. all of the above68. Trumble's study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB. the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB. further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70. At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB. an identical smile for everybodyC. future changes in life styleD. the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the help of penicillin made by theAllies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from- bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffiel , a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Thee Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler's desk, Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recenttranslation of Morrell's own diary .I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillinjumped out at me," he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got thedrug. At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies; German and Czechoslovakian: teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. "It's generally accepted that it was no good," says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infectious if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. "My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy position as Hitler's doctor, would only have used pure stuff." And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright's investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such as Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children."I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries," says Wainwright. 'I'm saying thiswould have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler's doctor and the higher echelons of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.""We can never be certain it saved Hitler's life," says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler's henchmen, Reinhard Heydrich, otherwise known as the "Butcher of Prague died from blood poisoning after surviving a car-bomb assassination attempt. "Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicaemia," says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf HitlerA. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an injection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, Hitler's personal doctorA. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third ReichA. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain penicillin75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B. Morrel Loyal to His German Premier?C. Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs?D. Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn't involve huffing andpuffing as you burn off calories, Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while themachine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body's effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine."And it is not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition aschildren develop, while patients remover from injury, or during pregnancy, And since it uses radiowaves rather than X-rays, Tapp's device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that is not fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body's volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject's volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body's resistance. But this method does not take body shape into account -- so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That is because skinny legs -- with a lower cross-sectional area -- will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower -- rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp's method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designedA. to picture the body's hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is thatA. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78. Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C, A water tank.D. All of the above.79. In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scannerA. quickens the pace of the patient's rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80. For scanning, all the subject has to do isA. take up a form of workout in the gymB. mm round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. stand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula atuniversities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject.Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint yon see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science, Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as "nerd" or "technocrats", generalists are often criticized for being too "soft" or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering.81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see。
东南大学考博英语题型分析
2015东南大学考博英语分析一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、东南大学考博英语题型Part1：词汇15个，15分Part2：阅读5篇每篇4小题，40分(前2篇较容易，后三篇出自专业8级试题)40分Part3：英汉，汉英翻译共25分（中译英：出自专业8级，15分；英译中：较简单，10分）Part4：作文，20分三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷78.doc
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷78(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence. Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologists, geologists and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from diseases that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them. Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, diseases such as polio, measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these diseases may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease. In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine our world could exist, but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled. Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society, however, they were not present until scientists discovered them. Because of the contribution of scientists, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprises our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph the author implies that we______.（分数：2.00）A.would not survive without scienceB.take the amenities of science for grantedC.could have raised the standards of living with scienceD.would be free of disease because of scientific with advances(2).The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate______.（分数：2.00）A.how science has been developedB.what science means to societyC.what the nature of science isD.how disease affects society(3).Nothing, according to the author, can match the invention of the computer in terms of______.（分数：2.00）A.powerB.noveltyC.benefitsplexity(4).The author seems to be unhappy about______.（分数：2.00）A.people's ignorance of their cultureB.people's ignoring the amenities of scienceC.people's making no contributions to societyD.people's misunderstanding of scientific advance(5).The author's tone in the passage is______.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.cognizantC.appreciativeD.paradoxicalDrinking wastewater? The idea may sound distasteful, but new federally funded research says more Americans are doing so —whether they know or not —and this reuse will be increasingly necessary as the U. S. population expands. Treated wastewater poses no greater health risks than existing water supplies and, in some cases, may be even safer to drink, according to a report released by the National Research Council, " We believe water reuse is an option to deal with growing water scarcity, especially in coastal areas," says Jorg Drowes, an engineering professor at the Colorado School of Mines. "This can be done reliably without putting the public at risk," he says, citing technological advances. He says it's a waste not to reuse the nation's wastewater, because almost all of it is treated before discharge. This water includes storm runoff(径流)as well as used water from homes, businesses and factories. In many places, the report says, the public does not realize it's drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastewater somewhere upstream. For example, wastewater discharged into the Trinity River from Dallas/Fort Worth flows south into Lake Livingston, the source for Houston's drinking water. Despite the growing importance of this reuse, the report says there's been no systemic analysis of its extent nationwide since a 1980 study by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). Alan Roberson of the American Water Works Association says wastewater reuse is common, so the council's report is important but not surprising. Roberson expects this recycling will continue to increase, especially for irrigation and industrial needs. He says it will take longer to establish potable(适于饮用的)uses because of public nervousness about drinking wastewater, however treated. "We have to do something to address water scarcity," says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at the non-profit Environmental Working Group. " Less than 10% of potable water is used for drinking, cooking, showering or dishwashing. We flush it down the toilet, literally. " Technologies exist to safely treat the water, she says, although some are expensive. The report says water reuse projects tend to cost more than most water conservation options but less than seawater desalination(脱盐)and other supply alternatives. It calls on the EPA to develop rules that set safe national standards.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements would Jorg Drewes agree to?（分数：2.00）A.Water reuse may eventually put the public at risk.B.Water reuse is preferable to wasting water.C.Water reuse is far from a solution to water shortage.D.Water reuse is possible only after greater tech advances.(2).Lake Livingston is mentioned to show that the public______.（分数：2.00）A.Accepts the fact of drinking wastewater calmlyB.Is concerned about the safety of the drinking waterC.Does not believe that wastewater is safe to drinkD.Is not aware of the nature of their drinking water(3).According to Alan Roberson, ______.（分数：2.00）A.It is not safe to drink wastewaterB.The report has surprised the publicC.the report helps build up public confidenceD.The public has yet to accept drinking wastewater(4).Olga Naidenko's remarks emphasize______.（分数：2.00）A.The recent progressB.The existing problemsC.The new perspectiveD.The potential risks(5).What does the report suggest to the EPA?（分数：2.00）A.Weighing different water conservation options.B.Exploring new technologies to treat wastewater.C.Setting up national standards for water reuse.D.Monitoring water supplies at a national level.Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of the precipitation in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it could be illegal to supply it as drinking water. Studies in Switzerland have found that rain is laced with toxic levels of atrazine, alachlor and other commonly used crop sprays. "Drinking water standards are regularly exceeded in rain," says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. The chemicals appear to have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds. Both the European Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide in a liter of drinking water. But, especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm, rain can contain much more than that. In a study to be published by Muller and his colleague Thomas Bucheli in Analytical Chemistry this summer, one sample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2, 4-dinitrophenol, a widely used pesticide. Previously, the authors had shown that in rain samples taken from 41 storms, nine contained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter, one of them around 900 nanograms. In the latest study, the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a long dry spell, particularly when local fields had recently been sprayed. Until now, scientists had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields. Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge under — ground water may be adding to the danger. This water often contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials, such as bitumen sheets, to prevent vegetation growing. He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water, which is not usually treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the Swedish scientists, the pesticides in rain______.（分数：2.00）A.exceed those in crop spraysB.can be traced back to crop spraysC.are not as toxic as they used to beD.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor(2).Muller and Bucheli found that 2, 4-dinitrophenol______.（分数：2.00）A.is widely used in agricultureB.exceeded atrazine in the rain samplesC.can be measured in the units of nanogramsD.was far in excess of limit in drinking water(3).Scientists used to hypothesize that______.（分数：2.00）A.groundwater was safe for drinking waterB.herbicides and pesticides were harmlessC.pesticides contaminated groundwater exclusivelyD.rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water(4).Muller warns us not ____ .（分数：2.00）A.to tap groundwater for drinking waterB.to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheetsC.to let the first flush of rain recharge underground waterD.to divert the first flush of rain into sewers without removing its herbicides and pesticides(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Drinking WaterB.Rainwater and Underground WaterC.Agriculture and PesticidesD.Falling PesticidesAlthough speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans, the interchange also takes place in many other ways. A person may relay his or her feelings, thoughts, and reactions through body positioning, body contact, body odors, eye contact, responsive actions, habits, attitudes, interests, state of health, dress and grooming, choice of life-style, and use of talents — in fact, through everything the individual says or does. In turn, every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five senses and personal biorhythm system. An individual screens, selects, regulates, and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices. Some of these choices are automatic; some are subconscious because of habit, block, or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awareness, priority of need, and control of this process. The person with a behavior disorder is shut off from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans. His or her mind is confused, and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts, needs, and emotions, and unable to make himself or herself understood. Sometimes the person may feel that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand. Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems, he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others. The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others, so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay, the messages received are threatening ones. The causes of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person's processing of information. Sometimes a block is physical, as in deafness, mental retardation, brain tumor, or hardening of the cerebral arteries. However, the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person's emotional system. Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings. They usually occur in childhood before good communicative skills are learned, and they are connected to individual symbolism. Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening, it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual. Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways, he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.（分数：10.00）(1).The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communication______.（分数：2.00）A.is characterized by two features, form and meaningB.is mainly conducted through speech and writingC.is of two functions, stimulation and responseD.takes two forms, verbal and nonverbal(2).In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with______.（分数：2.00）municative abilityB.external and internal messagesrmation and mental processingD.conscious and subconscious awareness(3).Shut off from the communicative flow, the person with a behavior disorder______.（分数：2.00）A.is unable to focus attention on internal problemsB.is isolated in internal problemsC.relays threatening messagesD.all of the above(4).Which of the following is universal according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Neural blocks.B.Physical blocks.C.Cerebral blocks.D.Emotional blocks.(5).The passage ends with______.（分数：2.00）A.the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorderB.the importance of acquiring good communicative skillsC.the significance of eliminating early emotional blocksD.the warning of emotional blocks common in childhood。
博士生英语考试真题试卷
博士生英语考试真题试卷一、词汇与语法（共10题）1. The new discovery ______ a significant impact on the field of medicine.A. makes.B. has.C. gives.D. takes.答案：B。
解析：“have an impact on...”是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”，这里主语是“the new discovery”，为第三人称单数，所以用“has”。
2. She was so ______ in her work that she didn't notice the time passing.A. absorbed.B. attracted.C. drawn.D. concentrated.答案：A。
解析：“be absorbed in...”是固定短语，意为“专心于……”；“be attracted to...”表示“被……吸引”；“concentrate on”（集中精力于），这里需要用“absorbed”。
3. It is essential that every student ______ a good command of English.A. has.B. had.C. have.D. will have.答案：C。
解析：在“It is essential that...”句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，“should”可以省略，所以这里用“have”。
4. The committee ______ of fifteen members.A. consists.B. composes.C. makes up.D. is made up.答案：A。
解析：“consist of”表示“由……组成”，主动形式；“be made up of”也表示“由……组成”，但为被动形式；“compose”的用法是“be composed of”，这里主语是“the committee”，所以用“consists”。
【推荐】考博英语面试常见问题及答案word版本 (7页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==考博英语面试常见问题及答案其实考博英语复试最大的一个问，也是最根本的一个问题就是：首先你得先通过考博英语初试，这才有可能面对考博英语复试问题。
下面是小编为大家带来的考博英语面试常见问题及答案，欢迎阅读。
第一部分：传统面试问题 (Sample Traditional Interview Questions)1、What can you tell me about yourself?(关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么?)这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者 MBA。
下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。
大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。
销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。
不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。
我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。
”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that Icould sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I’m very competitive and it means a lotto me to be the best.2、 What would you like to be doing five years aftergraduation?(在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么?)你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。
考博英语(阅读理解)模拟试卷116(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷116(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionThat people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night”effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect. Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.1．What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A．To what extent it can trouble people.B．What role it has played in evolution.C．What circumstances may trigger it.D．In what way it can be beneficial.正确答案：D解析：本题可参照文章的第2段。
博士面试英语常见问题
博士面试英语常见问题When faced with the challenge of finding a suitable graduate school, many students think about how to improve their chances of admission. One effective way to increase your chances is to prepare for a graduate school interview. Here are some common questions that may be asked during a graduate school interview in English:1. Why are you interested in this field?2. What have you done to prepare for a career in this field?3. What are your academic achievements and practical experiences in this field?4. Who are your academic influences and what have they taught you?5. What are your long-term goals?6. Have you considered other career options?7. What makes you unique and competitive as a graduate student?8. How do you plan to contribute to the field in the future?9. What do you know about our graduate school and its programs?10. What do you hope to learn during your studies at our graduate school?In addition to these questions, your interviewer may also ask you to present a technical presentation, discuss a research project, or answer questions related to your research. It is important to be prepared for these questions and to communicate clearly and effectively during the interview. Practice interviews can help you improve your communication skills and prepare you for the challenges of a graduate school interview.。
全国各大院校考博英语试题题型汇总
人民大学： Part 1 词汇20%(40题);
中国考博辅导首选学校
Part 2 阅读理解 30% (30题，6篇) Part 3 翻译 E-C 10%;C-E 10% Part 4 写作 A letter 10% B essay 20% 清华大学 Part 1 词汇20%(40题); Part 2 阅读理解 40% (20题，5篇) Part 3 完形10% 20题 Part 4 翻译 E-C 10%; Part5 写作 20% 不少于300字 北京师范大学： Part 1 听力 15% Section A Section B: 07年 Section A 5statements Section B 5 short conversation Section C 1 interview 08年 Section A 5 news reports 对题项判断正误 Section B Tolk one/two Talks and questions Part 2阅读理解 30% (30题，6篇) Part 3 翻译和写作 55% Section A 翻译40%： E-C C-E Section B 写作 15% summary 120-150字 北京航空航天大学 Part1 听力 20分 SectionA 10分 SectionB 10分 passage Part 2 阅读理解 30分 4篇 Part3 vocabulary 10分 Part4 cloze 10分 Part5 translation 15分 translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Part6 15分 150字 中南大学： 卷一：Part 1 英语应用 词汇10%(20题);完形10%(20题) Part 2 阅读理解 40% (20题，5篇) 卷二：Part 3 翻译 英译汉10%(划线部分);汉译英10%(一段)
10年博士入学考试-基础英语
华东政法大学2010年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷第一部分基础英语试题Part I: Grammar & Vocabulary (10%)Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1.1.To most people, marriage is a_______ affair.A. love-and-hatredB. now or neverC. win-win situationD. give-and-take2.We tried to settle the argument but ________ nothing.A. finishB. completedC. endedD. accomplished3.We should settle our difference by ______________ not by war.A. assignmentB. compromiseC. securityD. appointment4.Tramps as pioneers? It seemed absurd. I kept _____ the idea _____.A. pondering, aboutB. mulling, aboutC. thinking, ofD. speculating, on5.People become _____ the place they live in.A. associated withB. attached toC. appreciative ofD. attachable with6.Since the days of Columbus, America has been another name for opportunity,where one seems to accomplish _______.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. little7.No matter how difficult the problem is, he can handle it _____.A. at equal easeB. of equal easeC. with equal easeD. from equal ease8.The successful tramps would be ______ the pioneers.A. equalB. equal ofC. equal toD. equals9.I t’s likely for the outstanding ones to stand out ______ the rest.A.offB. ofC. fromD. aboveB.10.It’s human nature to _____ wealth ____ reach and neglect happiness already______.A.crave, within, within reachB.crave for, out of, in handC.chase after, beyond, beyond reachD.seek after, within, out of hand11.___ her surprise, migrant workers are __________.A.Out of, a tough and hard-working lotB.To, a diligent and cheerful lotC.To, diligent and tough lots.D.Out of, tough and hard-working lot12.When asked whether it’s the ______ he is _____, the answer, after some ____, isinvariably the same.A.money, after, hesitantB.money, craving for, thoughtC.money, chasing after, considerateD.money, craving, thinking13.Resourceful as the general was, he let ____ spread that he would attack on acertain day next month.A. the wordB. wordC. a wordD. words14.The ______ would perish in a world of fierce competition.A.adaptableB. adaptedC. inadaptableD. adaptive15.It’s easy for the tramps to ______ temper and get _____ with the steady job.A.lose, sickB. control, fed upC. lose, fed upD. control, sick and tired16.We genuinely ______ your opinion and your suggestion.A. appreciate ofB. valueC. evaluate asD. estimate about17.The Empire State Building is a famous______ on the New York skyline.A.stumbling blockB.stepping blockndmarkD.spring board18.The teacher tried to _____ the new boy ____ by letting him say something abouthis hometown.A. draw…forB. draw…backC. draw… awayD. draw… upon19.The grass was ____ with dew. Drops of water _______ in the sun.A.full, sparkledB.wet, sparkledC.filled, gleamedD.abundant, gleamed20.What he said last night is ______ a nuisance than it should be.A. more ofB. less thanC. just asD. more likePart II: Reading Comprehension (15%).Direction: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Passage One:Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguish the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change.The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first. Economic advances second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so thatby 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.21. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?(A) The Byzantine Empire was a unique case in which the usual order of military and economicrevival preceding cultural revival was reversed.(B) After 810 Byzantine economic recovery spurred a military and, later, cultural expansion thatlasted until 1453.(C) The eighth-century revival of Byzantine learning is an inexplicable phenomenon, and itseconomic and military precursors have yet to be discovered.(D) The revival of the Byzantine Empire between the eighth and eleventh centuries shows culturalrebirth preceding economic and military revival, the reverse of the commonly accepted order of progress.22. The primary purpose of the second paragraph is which of the following?(A) To establish the uniqueness of the Byzantine revival(B) To show that Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens are examples of cultural, economic,and military expansion against which all subsequent cases must be measured(C) To suggest that cultural, economic, and military advances have tended to be closelyinterrelated in different societies.(D) To argue that, while the revivals of Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens were similar,they are unrelated to other historical examples23. It can be inferred from the passage that by the eleventh century the Byzantine military forces(A) had reached their peak and begun to decline(B) had eliminated the Bulgarian army(C) were comparable in size to the army of Rome under Augustus(D) were strong enough to withstand the Abbasid Caliphate’s military forces24. In the third paragraph, the author most probably provides an explanation of the apparent connections among economic, military, and cultural development in order to(A) suggest that the process of revival in Byzantium accords with this model(B) set up an order of events that is then shown to be not generally applicable to the case ofByzantium(C) cast aspersions on traditional historical scholarship about Byzantium(D) suggest that Byzantium represents a case for which no historical precedent exists25. Which of the following does the author mention as crucial evidence concerning the manner in which the Byzantine revival began?(A) The Byzantine military revival of the 860’s led to economic and cultural advances.(B) The Byzantine cultural revival lasted until 1453.(C) The Byzantine economic recovery began in the 900’s.(D) The revival of Byzantine learning began toward the end of the eighth century.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,000.The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizer’s excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, th ough producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless.” Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo.For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of children’s productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of children’s worth.Yet “expulsion of children from the ‘cash nexus,’although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,” Zelizer maintains. “was also part of a cultural process ‘of sacralization’ of children’s lives.” Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.In stressing the cultural determinants of a child’s worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “sociological economics,” who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences,” these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: thepower of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their “exchange” or “surrender” value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.26. It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the(A) earnings of the person at time of death(B) wealth of the party causing the death(C) degree of culpability of the party causing the death(D) amount of money that had been spent on the person killed27. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800’s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who(A) needed enormous amounts of security and affection(B) required constant supervision while working(C) were important to the economic well-being of a family(D) were unsuited to spending long hours in school28. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) review the literature in a new academic subfield(B) present the central thesis of a recent book(C) contrast two approaches to analyzing historical change(D) refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon29. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following statements was true of American families over the course of the nineteenth century?(A) The average size of families grew considerably(B) The percentage of families involved in industrial work declined dramatically.(C) Family members became more emotionally bonded to one another.(D) Family members spent an increasing amount of time working with each other.30. Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of children’s worth EXCEPT changes in(A) the mortality rate(B) the nature of industry(C) the nature of the family(D) attitudes toward reform movementsQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent to the Black population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918.It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of the cotton industry following the boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits,” the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery-blacksmiths, masons, carpenters-which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence.The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries – tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs.Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question.31. The author indicates explicitly that which of the following records has been a source ofinformation in her investigation?(A) United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930(B) Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930(C) The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910(D) The federal census of 191032. In the passage, the author anticipates which of the following as a possible objection to herargument?(A) It is uncertain how many people actually migrated during the Great Migration.(B) The eventual economic status of the Great Migration migrants has not been adequately traced.(C) It is not likely that people with steady jobs would have reason to move to another area of thecountry.(D) It is not true that the term “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits” actually encompasses theentire industrial sector.33. According to the passage, which of the following is true of wages in southern cities in 1910?(A) They were being pushed lower as a result of increased competition.(B) They had begun t to rise so that southern industry could attract rural workers.(C) They had increased for skilled workers but decreased for unskilled workers.(D) They had increased in large southern cities but decreased in small southern cities.34. The author cites each of the following as possible influences in a Black worker's decision to migrate north in the Great Migration EXCEPT(A) wage levels in northern cities(B) labor recruiters(C) competition from rural workers(D) voting rights in northern states35. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) support an alternative to an accepted methodology(B) present evidence that resolves a contradiction(C) introduce a recently discovered source of information(D) challenge a widely accepted explanationPart III: Directions: Translate the following Chinese sentences into English on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10%):1. 分析人士对浮动的美元会走向何方看法不一。
2010医博统考听力题答案原文
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let's begin with question Number 1.1. A. She's looking for a gift. B. She needs a new purse.C. She's going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She bears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her tight ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear tings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He'll go to see Mr. White at 10:30. B. He'd like to make an earlier appointmentC. He'd like to cancel the appointment.D. He'd like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign tight away.B. To work one more day as chairman.C. To think twice before he makes the decision.D. To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn't do anything in particular. B. She send a wounded person to the ER.C. She had to work in the ER.D. She went t skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man's mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around. B. It feels like a kind of unsteadinessC. It feels as if she is falling down.D. It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree. B. John himself should be blamedC. John has a dog that barks a lot.D. John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult. B. The chemistry homework is fun.C. The math homework is difficult.D. The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg,C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B. Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C. Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D. Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles14. A. Saturday morning, B. Saturday night.C. Sunday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He's lost his notebook. B. His handwriting is messy.C. He'll miss class later this week.D. He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B. He has just undergone an operation.C. He has just recovered from an illness.D. He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs. B. He had his gallbladder inflamed.C. He was suffering from influenza.D. He had developed a big kidney stone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn't be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B. To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C. To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D. To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B. The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C. The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D. The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68, 000. B. More than 60, 800.C. More than 60, 080,D. More than 60, 008.23. A. Seven-hour sleeper gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B. Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C. Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D. Short-steepers consume fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B. Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C. Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D. Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B. She asks too many questions.C. She is always considerate of my feelings.D. She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor B. A teaching assistant.C. A Ph.D. student. D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no. B. They usually say yes.C. They usually wait and see.D. They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident. B. Their brains grow too fast.C. They are psychologically dependent.D. Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen. B. Try to be mean to your teen.C. Say no to your teen when necessary.D. Don't care about your teen's feelings.Paper OnePart Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension:1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. C7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文Transcript of Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once.After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: " What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerABCD Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. M: You said that you wanted to go shopping this evening. What do you want to get?W: I think I Want to get my mom a new purse for her birthday.Q: What does the woman mean?2. W: My ears are always ringing. Day and night I can’t sleep.M: Which is your bad ear?W: My right ear hurts.Q: Why does the woman have trouble sleeping?3. M: My tooth is bothering me. When can I see Dr. White?W: How about tomorrow? Is 10:30 OK?M: isn’t there anything earlier?W: No. but I will call you if there is a cancellation before then.Q: What does the man mean?4. W: Are we going to be late?M: We will be unless we hurry.W: When does the show start?M: At 8:30. We’ve got 15 minutes to get there.Q: What time is it now?5. M: I can’t find the instant soup.W: Did you look next to the canned soup?M: I looked there. But there isn’t anything on the shelf.W: Why don’t you try the spice section? It ought to be there.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?6. M: I’ve a headache. I am resigning from the job of chairman right now. I can’t stand it another day.W: Do you really mean that you want to quit?M: Well, maybe, I’ll give it a second thought.Q: What is the man going to do?7. W: Did you do anything over the weekend?M: Not much. What did you do?W: I had planned to go skiing. But I wound up working in the ER.Q: What did the woman do over the weekend?8. W: We understand that you are not attending school.M: I’ve been attending, but, I’ve been sick recently.W: You’ve attended only three days since last July.M: Three days? No. it’s been morn than that.W: We are going to have to take away your visa.Q: What is the woman?9. M: Does the dizziness feel like spinning or is it just a kind of unsteadiness?W: It feels like spinning.M: How would you describe it? Is it as if the room is going around or do you feel as if it is you that is going around?W: I feel the latter.Q: How does the woman describe her dizziness?10. W: Did you know that John failed in the math exam?M: Yes. And he blamed it on bad luck. But I really think he is barking up the wrong tree.Q: What does the man imply?11. M: Catherine, how is the math homework coming?W: That’s a piece of cake. But the chemistry homework is really a hard nut to crack.Q: What does the woman mean?12. W: What’s the problem?M: I’ve had an itching rash on my body, and arms and legs for the last two months.W: Can you describe it?M: It’s pink with red oval spots.Q: What has brought the man here?13. M: I’d like to ask you about your past medi cal history. Can you tell me if you had any childhood diseases?W: When I was small, I had measles, chickenpox and whooping cough. But I don’t think I ever had German measles.Q: What diseases did the woman have when she was small?14. W: If you go to the football game on Saturday night and concur or play on Sunday, you won’t have much time to study.M: Oh, well, I can do that the weekend after this one.Q: When does the man plan to study?15. M: I need to be absent from class on Friday morni ng because I have a doctor’s appointment. And I need to borrow someone’s notes.W: Well, you can certainly borrow mine, if you don’t mind my messy handwriting.Q: What is the man’s problem?Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. ConversationW: HelloM: Hello.W: So, did you have a comfortable night?M: No, not really.W: Sorry to hear that. And how are you feeling at the moment?M: A bit better.W: You don’t feel sick at all?M: No, I’m okay.W: That’s good. Are you having si ps of water?M: No.W: Would you like some?M: Well, I don’t really feel like.W: Ah, you can’t drink anything at the moment.M: The nurses have been giving me mouth washes.W: Yes, I think you will begin to pick up as the day goes on. And we’ll carry on giving you something to ease the discomfort. Does it hurt much?M: Well. it does when I move about.W: Right, but the sooner we have you on the move, the quicker you’ll start to heal. So, we’ll have you sitting in the chair this afternoon. Enjoy the sunshine.M: OK, I can’t say that 1 am really looking forward to that.W: Mm, you have a pretty big gall stone, the gallbladder is quite inflamed. There was a lot of infection around it and inside it. Well it’s out now. So no need to worry about it. It won’t cause you any more trouble.M: Mm.W: Any more questions? Or anything we can do for you?M: No, I think I’m okay. I’m feeling a bit weak at the moment. Oh, when will my wife be able to come and see me? The nurses told me befo re, but I can’t remember.W: The visiting hours are from 6 to 8 in the evening.M: Okay, thank you. She’ll be here tonight in that case.W: Fine, well, I’ll be stopping to see you tomorrow.M: Thank you.Questions:16. What is true about the man in the conversation?17. What was wrong with the man?18. How is the man feeling now?19. What is the man supposed to do according to the doctor’s orders?20. What are the hospital’s visiting hours?Passage OneHere’s a dreamy weight-lo ss plan: take a nap. That’s the message from work by Sanjay Pate, 1 at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. His study of more than 68,000women has found that those who sleep less than 5 hours a night gain more weight over time than those who sleep 7 hours a night.Controlling for other differences between the groups, Patel found that women who sleep5hours or less gained 0. 7 kilograms more on average over 10 years than 7-hour sleepers. The short-sleeping group was also 32 per cent more likely to have gained 15 kilograms or more, and 15 per cent more likely to have become obese.Significantly, the short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than those who slept 7 hours, says Patel, who presented his results this week at the American Thoracic Society International Conference in San Diego, California. This finding overturns the common view that overeating among the sleep-deprived explains such weight differences.Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep may be the reason behind the weight gain,Patel suggests. "It obviously also suggests that getting people to sleep more might he a relatively easy way to help people lose weight," he says,Questions:21. What did Patel’s study indicate?22. How many subjects did Patel have in his study?23. According to Patel’s study, which of the following is not tree?24. According to Patel, what might be the reasons behind the weight differences ?25. What suggestion would Patel give to those who want to lose weight?Passage TwoI am th e meanest mother in the neighborhood. I’m too strict. I ask too many questions. No one else’s parents are as different as I am, Don’t I know that all the cool kids are out until 2:00 or 3:00 in the morning and can go wherever they want? This is the point of view of my 16-year-old daughter. Although she is frequently annoyed when I try to gather what I consider basic information - about where she’s going, who’s driving, and what the plan is for getting home — I know she is also relieved that someone is watching out for her. Discipline— or, to use today’s more popular phrase, setting limits takes on a whole new meaning when your child hits adolescence. "When kids are young and do something unsafe, parents have no trouble saying no," says Daniel Kindlon, Ph. D. , assistant professor of child psychology at the Harvard School of Public Health, who has two daughters, 15 and 12. "You don’t care that your two-year-old cries if you don’t let him put the fork in the toaster. But saying yes to your teen can almost becom e a reflex, because you so desperately want to avoid conflict. " New research confirms what parents have known all along: Adolescents simply lack the ability to make smart decisions consistently. For example, peer relationships — which are so important to teenagers—can easily overwhelm the need to be safe. Scientists have discovered that this has to do with the way the human brain grows. During the teen years, the brain develops rapidly, but some areas mature much earlier than others. But you have to hold the line. Your teen is secretly counting on you to do so. And too much is at stake if you don’t.Questions:26. What would the speaker’s daughter least likely say about her mother?27. What does Daniel Kindlon do?28. According to Kindlon, how do p arents usually respond to their teen’s requests?29. Why are adolescents unable to make smart decisions consistently according to scientists?30. What would the speaker advice parents to do?。
2009-2010学年东南大学研究生第一学期A班学位英语期末考试真题
2009-2010学年第一学期A班学位英语期末考试试题PartⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what war said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once: After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you maxi read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is, the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) At the office. B) In the waiting room. C) At the airport. D) In a restaurantFrom the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) They went a long way to attend the party.B) They didn't think much of the food and drinks.C) They knew none of the other guests at the party.D) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.2. A) To the bookstore. C) To the market.B) To the dentist's. D) To the post office.3. A) Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness.B) She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions.C) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.D) She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician.4. A) Tom is usually talkative. C) Tom has dozens of things to attend to.B) Tom has a very bad temper. D) Tom is disliked by his colleagues.5. A) To pickup the woman from the library.B) To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C) To find out more about the topic for the seminar.D) To get the seminar schedule for the woman.6. A) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.B) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore.C) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore.D) The man doesn't want to sell his textbooks to the woman.7. A) Attend a conference.B) Give a speech.C) Meet his lawyer.D) Make a business trip.8. A) Jessie always says what she thinks.B) Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind.C) Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss.D) Jessie should know the marketing director better.9. A) Heien is talkative.B) Helen is active.C) Helen is sociable.D) Helen is quiet.10. A) Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman.B) Jimmy is not serious in making decisions.C) Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house.D) Jimmy's words are often not reliable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.D) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.12. A) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C) They will become too hard to plough.D) People will find it hard to protect the soil.13. A) The farmers there have brought it under control.B) The factories there have found a good use for it.C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.D) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) A business corporation.B) The universe as a whole.C) A society of legal professionals.D) An association of teachers and scholars.15. A) Its largest expansion took place during that period.B) Its role in society went through a dramatic change.C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones.D) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.16. A) Private donations.B) Government funding.C) Grants from corporations.D) Fees paid by students.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war.B) He was interested in the study of wild animals.C) He started the organization Heifer International.D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world.18. A) To help starving families to become self-supporting.B) To make plans for the development of poor communities.C) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals.D) To distribute food to the poor around the world.19. A) They should help other families the way they have been helped.B) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors.C) They should submit a report of their needs and goals.D) They should provide food for the local communities.20. A) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world.B) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.C) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology.D) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America.Part II Reading ComprehensionPassage OneQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:A nine-year-old schoolgirl single-handedly cooks up a science-fair experiment that ends up debunking（揭穿．．．的真相）a widely practiced medical treatment. Emily Rosa’s target was a practice known as therapeutic（治疗）touch (TT for short), whose advocates manipulate patients’“energy field”to make them feel better and even, say some, to cure them of various ills. Yet Emily’s test shows that these energy fields can’t be detected, even by trained TT practitioners（行医者）. Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation, Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare, “Age doesn’t matter. It’s good science that matters, and this is good science.”Emily’s mother Linda Rosa, a registered nurse, has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade. Linda first thought about TT in the late ‘80s, when she learned it was on the app roved list for continuing nursing education in Colorado. Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U.S.) don’t even touch their patients. Instead, they waved their hands a few inches from the patient’s body, pushing energy fields around until they’re in “balance.” TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds, relieve pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals, at up to $70 an hour, the smooth patients’ energy, sometimes during surgery.Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide such proof, TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing—something they haven’t been eager to do, even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field. (He’s had one taker so far. She failed.) A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocent fourth-grader? Says Emily: “I think they didn’t take me very seriously because I’m a kid.”The experiment was straightforward: 21 TT therapists stuck their hands, palms up, through a screen. Emily held her own hand over one of theirs—left or right—and the practitioners had to say which hand it was. When the results were recorded, they’d done no better than they would have by simply guessing. if there was an energy field, they couldn’t feel it.16. Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced?A) TT has been in existence for decades.B) Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.C) TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals.D) More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.17. Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because ____________.A) they didn’t take the offer seriouslyB) they didn’t want to risk their careerC) they were unwilling to reveal their secretD) they thought it was not in line with their practice18. The purpose of Emily Rosa’s experiment was ____________.A) to see why TT could work the way it didB) to find out how TT cured patient’s illnessC) to test whether she could sense the human energy fieldD) to test whether a human energy field really existed19. Why did some TT practitioners a gree to be the subjects of Emily’s experiment?A) It involved nothing more than mere guessing.B) They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.C) It was more straightforward than other experiments.D) They sensed no harm in a little girl’s experiment.20. What can we learn from the passage?A) Some widely accepted beliefs can be deceiving.B) Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.C) Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners.D) The principle of TT is too profound to understand.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality.Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years —and remains so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture. A 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 millioo pounds of manure(粪)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. Every year, the city authorities had to remove an average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets, It made cars smell of roses.Cars were also wonderfully flexible. The main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley bus (电车). But that required fixed overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexible, The car could go from any A to any B, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. Rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote.However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, experts have predicted—wrongly—that the car boom was about to end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American market had become saturated, at one car for every 2.25 people, and so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.He was wrong, Between 1970 and 1990, whereas America’s population grew by 23%, the aumber of cars on its roads grew by 60%, There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in Japan, one for every 5.3 in Britain. Around 550 million cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each yearworldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly, because people want it to.26. As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that ________.A) poor people can’t afford itB) it is too expensive to maintainC) too many people are using itD) it causes too many road accidents27. According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ________.A) it didn’t break down as easily as a horseB) it had a comparatively pleasant odorC) it caused less pollution than horsesD) it brightened up the gloomy streets28. What impact did the use of cars have on society?A) People were compelled to leave downtown areas.B) People were able to live in less crowded suburban areas.C) Business along trolley and rail lines slackened.D) City streets were free of ugly overhead wires.29. Mr.Flink argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because ________.A) the once booming car market has become saturatedB) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more seriousC) expensive motorways are not available in less developed countriesD) people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources30. What’s wrong with Mr.Flink’s prediction?A) The use of automobiles has kept increasing worldwide.B) New generations of cars are virtually pollution free.C) The population of America has not increased as fast.D) People’s environmental concerns are constantly increasing.1. Can the Computer Learn from ExperienceComputers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship chess, which is a fairly accurate yardstick for measuring the computer’ s progress in the ability to learn from experience.Because the game requires logical reasoning, chess would seem to be perfectly suited to the computer .all a programmer has to do is give the computer a program evaluating the consequences of every possible response to every possible move, and the computer will win every time. In theory this is a sensible approach; in practice it is impossible. Today, a powerful computer can analyze 40 000 moves a second. That is an impressive speed. But there are an astronomicalnumber of possible moves in chess — literally trillions. Even if such a program were written (and in theory it could be given enough people and enough time), there is no computer capable of holding that much data.Therefore, if the computer is to compete at championship levels, it must be programmed to function with less than complete data. It must be able to learn from experience, to modify its own program, to deal with a relatively unstructured situation—in a word, to “think” for itself . In fact, this can be done. Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world champion chess players, but several have beaten human players of only slightly lower ranks. The computers have had programs to carry them through the early, mechanical stages of their chess games. But they have gone on from there to reason and learn, and sometimes to win the game.There are other proofs that computers can be programmed to learn, but this example is sufficient to demonstrate the point. Granted , winning a game of chess is not an earthshaking event even when a computer does it . But there are many serious human problems which ban be fruitfully approached as games. The Defense Department uses computers to play war games and work out strategies for dealing with international tensions. Other problems—international and interpersonal relations , ecology and economics , and the ever-increasing threat of world famine—can perhaps be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent computers .Notes1. check:a game played on a checkerboard by two players ,each using 12 pieces2. ecology:the relationship between organisms and their environment 生态关系，生态学Reading comprehension1 The purpose of creating chess-playing computers is __________A to win the world chess championB to pave the way for further intelligent computersC to work out strategies for international warsD to find an accurate yardstick for measuring computer progress2 Today , a chess-playing computer can be programmed to ________A give trillions of reponses in a second to each possible move and win the gameB function with complete data and beat the best playersC learn from chess-playing in the early stage and go on to win the gameD evaluate every possible move but may fail to give the right response each time3 For a computer to “think” , it is necessary to ________A mange to process as much data as possible in a secondB program it so that it can learn from its experiencesC prepare it for chess-playing firstD enable it to deal with unstructured situations4 The author’s attitude towards the Defense Department is____A criticalB unconcernedC positiveD negative5 In the author’s opinion,______A winning a chess game is an unimportant eventB serious human problems shouldn’t be regarded as playing a gameC ecological problems are more urgent to be solvedD there is hope for more intelligent computersPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the ___61__ half of the 19th century; most of ___62___ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S. the day-nursery movement received great ___63___ during the First World War, when ___64___ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented（前所未有）numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were establishes ___65___ in munitions（军火）plants, under direct government sponsorship. ___66___ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose ___67___, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, ___68___, Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control ___69___ the day nurseries, chiefly by ___70___ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The ___71___ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were ___72___ called upon to replace men in the factories. On this ___73___ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools. ___74___ $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities ___75___ this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared ___76___ in day-care centers receiving Federal ___77___. Soon afterward, the Federal government ___78___ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later ___79___ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their ___80___ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.61. A) latter B) late C) other D) first62. A) those B) them C) whose D) whom63. A) impetus B) input C) imitation D) initiative64. A) sources B) abundance C) shortage D) reduction65. A) hardly B) entirely C) only D) even66. A) Because B) As C) Since D) Although67. A) unanimously B) sharply C) predominantly D) militantly68. A) therefore B) consequently C) however D) moreover69. A) over B) in C) at D) about70. A) formulating B) labeling C) patenting D) licensing71. A) outset B) outbreak C) breakthrough D) breakdown72. A) again B) thus C) repeatedly D) yet73. A) circumstance B) occasion C) case D) situation74. A) regulating B) summoning C) allocating D) transferring75. A) expanded B) facilitated C) supplemented D) compensated76. A) by B) after C) of D) for77. A) pensions B) subsidies C) revenues D) budgets78. A) prevalently B) furiously C) statistically D) drastically79. A) abolished B) diminished C) jeopardized D) precluded80. A) nurseries B) homes C) jo 0bs D) children参考答案1、C They knew none of the other guests at the party.2、B To the dentist’s3、C Dr.Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.4、A Tom is usually talkative.5、D To get the seminar schedule for the woman.6、A The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.7、B Meet his lawyer.8、A Jessic always says what she thinks.9、D Helen is quiet.10、D Jimmy’s words are often not reliable.11、C It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.12、B They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.13、C The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.14、D An association of teachers and scholars15、A Its largest expansinon took place during that period.16、B Government funding.17、C He started the organization Heifer International.18、A To help starving families to become self-supporting.19、A They should help other families the way they have been helped.20、B It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.16. 正确答案为C)。
考博英语阅读十大解题思路
考博英语阅读十大解题思路考博英语阅读十大解题思路考博英语阅读理解是考博英语复习的重中之重，熟悉考博英语的题型和基本解题思路，会在复习中取得事半功倍的效果。
店铺列出了一些简单的解题思路和题型与技巧，供大家参考借鉴。
一、细节题1、题干上有五个W一个H提问。
2、题干中明确会提到的时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。
3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。
4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。
5、解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。
做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身返回原文：1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。
3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词或同义词返回原文。
4、通过长难句返回原文。
二、句子理解题1、标志：题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话，重要的不是上下文，而是句子本身。
2、步骤：1)重点是返回原文，对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。
正确(不能推)理解句子的深刻含义。
2)若该句话的含义不能确定，则适当依据上下文进行判断。
局部含义有整体含义决定。
3)一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系，只不过用其他短语表达。
3、错误选项特征：推的过远，做题时注意把握理解度。
4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。
三、主旨大意题1、标志：best title， main idea， main problem，conclusion，mainly disguss， mainly deal with或者问作者的写作目的purpose, the author intends to do sth, a digest of利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题，不管是出现在什么位置，都把他作为最后一题来做。
2、方法：1)段落少，用串线法。
2)快速作文法：两个选项难以分辨的时候，用这两个选项做作文，快速给出提纲。
3、选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选范围过宽的信息。
四、态度题1、标志：题干中出现attitude ，believe ，consider， deam，regard，deem2、作者态度可以分为三大类：1)正态度：支持，乐观，赞同2)客观、中立、公正3)反对、批评、怀疑3、等价选项都不选4、有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)5、识别作者态度：方法一：可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断。
考博面试英语问题
考博面试英语问题(总6页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--考博面试英语问题这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于考博面试英语问题的文档，希望对你能有帮助。
第一部分：传统面试问题(Sample Traditional Interview Questions) 第一部分：传统面试问题(Sample Traditional Interview Qu1、What can you tell me about yourself(关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么)这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者 MBA。
下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。
大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。
销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。
不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。
我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。
”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the storeand specifically asked for me to help them. I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、 What would you like to be doing five years after graduation(在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么)你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。
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2010年东南大学考博英语试题题型及考博心得
又到了一年考博准备报名时，去年11月我参加了东南大学2010年的考博，就此分享点英语感受。
我看过东南2006年以前的考博英语真题，感觉不太对我的路子，单选阅读难，但是考场上看到10年的英语试题时感觉“单选”和“阅读”都比较简单，我04年过的四六级，此后很少考英语考试，都感觉比较容易。
随便找本书，做做各个学校的真题就好（不少考题是重复了以前的真题，不一定是东南的，清华北大的很有参考意义），其余部分差不多。
唯独“汉译英”和“作文”部分出乎我的意料。
首先“汉译英”两个小题，第一个小题属于现代汉语，比较正常。
第二小题就比较变态了，部分大概原文如下：“我不敢走进大师的精神世界，因为据说大凡走尝试进大师精神世界的人都会迷失。
齐康先生宛如仙人，鹤发童颜，站在建筑艺术山峰之巅，撷天地之真善美，炼建筑艺术之仙丹。
”都是这个味的。
作文：plagiarism is often found in universities. houw do you think we author authority to prevent it. （大概是这样，意思没错了）听过考大家的抱怨，绝大多数考生对此的印象是：除了第一个单词不认识，其他都认识。
如果你也是这样，考场上是不是很悲剧？
我的建议：汉译英的那道题，估计工科考博的没几个人擅长，所以大家都很难翻译好，而且那道题的分值不多，尽量翻译下就好。
关键是作文，20分（应该没记错），不认识的话只能靠猜了，我也是猜的，至于怎么猜，大家都很聪明，应该不用我废话了，呵呵，反正考博考的一般是跟学校、学术现象联系紧密的话题。
最后，希望我的打字有意义，祝大家好运！。