07-西进西进

The dispossessing of the Indians
Removal Act of 1830
Expulsion: to “cast off their savage habits and become an interesting, civilized, Christian community”
Land: Attraction and Disposition
Come all you good farmers that on your plow depend. Come listen to a story, come listen to a friend: Oh, leave your fields of childhood, you enterprising boys: Come travel west and settle on the plains of Illinois. Illinois, it is as fine countree as ever has been seen, If old Adam had traveled over that, perhaps he could say the same, “All in the garden of Eden, when I was but a boy, There was nothing I could compare with the plains of Illinois.”
out of the land office, and if the sticker was prosecuted and fined, the settlers paid the expenses by common consent among themselves
report from Elkhorn Creek, Wisconsin in 1835
The Dispossessing of the Indians
The Man who dispossesses the Indians
President Andrew Jackson (1828-1835)
“The Indian Fighter”
President Jackson
“the most ardous part of my duty, and I
The Significance of the westward expansion
The USA as it is now: territorial, economic and political The Manifest Destiny theory: from the Puritans, American Revolutionaries
watched
over it with great vigor”
Indians in the eyes of the whites
“deficient in intellectual and moral culture” a people who did not furnish “their share of the advancement of society and the prosperity of the world” “There is little of this in the constitution of our savages. Like the bear, and deer, and buffalo of his own forests, an Indian lives as his father lived, and dies as his father died. He never looks around him, with a spirit of emulation, to compare his situation with that of others, and to resolve on improving it.”
The Louபைடு நூலகம்siana Purchase
April 30, 1803 Over 800,000 square miles - nearly 600 million acres 15 million dollars (an average of only four cents an acre) acquired peacefully The transfer took place on December 20, 1803. 15 states would be created from it: Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, Wyoming, South Dakota, Texas, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana and New Mexico.
US Land Distribution Policy
Year Minimum Auction Price per Acre Minimum Unit in Acres
1796
1800
$2.00
$2.00
640
320
1804
1820
$2.00
$1.25
160
80
1832
$1.25
40
Selling and Possessing Land
Rectangular Survey system
6 square miles in 36 plots of 640 acres (1 s/m) the rectangular map of western cities (without town green and meeting house of the New England area)
Perhaps you have a few acres that near
your friends’ adjoin,
Your family is growing large, for them
you must provide,
Come leave your fields of childhood,
The westward expansion:
first period 1787 Northwest Ordinance: banning slavery in states west of Ohio River
The Louisiana Purchase
1803: Louisiana purchased
The ousting of the Indians
Indians as buffer states in north ( Britain) and south (Spain)

Tecumseh’s
effort
in
Pan-Indian
Movement (1812-13); Alcoholism; bribery and estrangement
The Public Auction The Squatters (earlier settlers of the West) The Claims Clubs
The Claims Club
If a speculator should bid on a settler’s
farm, he was knocked down and dragged
An introductory course on American Studies
Lecture 7:
West, West
1. The territorial expansion
2. The dispossessing of Indians
3. The population move and land
Issues at hand in
Louisiana Purchase America’s worry: another European power on the continent France’s doubt: no need for a new empire in north America; money for wars with Britain; fear of American help with Britain
distribution
4. The Manifest Destiny
The westward expansion:
first period
1784 Land Ordinance: self-government on equal basis for
western settlers; west divided into territories temporarily governed by settlers abolition of slavery recommended but defeated
English visitor on Indian Removal, 1832
We were at Washington at the time that the measure for chasing the last of several tribes of Indians from their forest homes was canvassed in Congress and finally decided upon by the fiat of the President. If the American character may be judged by their conduct in this matter, they are most lamentably deficient in every feeling of honor and integrity. You will see them one hour lecturing their mob on the indefeasible rights of man, and the next driving from their homes the children of soil, whom they have bound themselves to protect by the most solemn treaties. F. Trollope, Domestic Manners of the Americans, 1832

The Purchase
Secured one third of the entire territory
Secured permanent navigation on the Mississippi;
Secured withdrawal of a major European power from north America
for 15 million
USD
The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana change hands
1763: France to Spain
1800: Spain to France -----------------------------------the “unconstitutional” move of Jefferson
The Trial of Tears
The trail of tears
The Five Civilized Tribes of Southwest: the Creeks, Chickasaws, Seminoles, Cherokees
The Trail of Tears
Choctaws,
your enterprising boys, Come travel west and settle on the plains of Illinois.
The Migration Westward
The Frontier and the Land Office
Land disposition