Mine Ventilation under MSHA Regulation
改进矿井通风管理方案的应用
0引言矿井通风系统不仅必须保障井下人员的健康和安全，而且必须符合管理机构的要求。
矿井通风系统的日常管理是实现通风系统各项目标的关键。
通风管理系统用于提供、测量和控制整个矿井通风网络的气流数量和质量。
通风管理程序由一个迭代的框架组成，通过该框架，矿井通风部门维护通风符合监管机构和公司政策的制度。
它由结构化的文件组成，形成了对系统进行审核的标准化程序和指南，并在出现异常情况时提供纠正措施，从而维护一个更安全、更高效的系统。
正确实施通风管理计划将带来显著的效益，包括提高操作效率、提高安全性、提高工程效率、减少设备(风扇、门、调节器、管道等)维护成本和减少能源消耗成本。
质量管理将使采矿作业能够在地下环境条件变得不安全之前积极应用缓解技术，从而摆脱不良的影响的做法。
本文中的案例研究将证明通风管理项目的直接效益。
1通风管理程序结构质量管理程序被定义为组织通过提供质量保证和控制来满足性能期望的工具，并通过改进系统过程控制提供优化性能的手段[1,2]。
质量管理计划由7项基本要求支持，用于评估公司满足监管要求的能力及其内部政策:目的、政策、计划、实施、测量、审查和改进。
通风管理系统由一系列文件组成，这些文件描述了矿井通风系统的审计和控制方法，以确保系统满足所有法规和安全要求[1]。
通风管理系统的结构主要有五种文件类型:标准和规范、实施规程、实施程序、工作指导书和实施方式(如图1所示)。
这些文件提供了应用审计、核查和纠正程序以确保矿井通风系统的指导方针在合规标准。
图1通风管理系统的典型结构iso9000质量体系手册定义了作业指导书、程序和操作规程[1]。
作业指导书是指指示人们完成什么任改进矿井通风管理方案的应用尹智伟（大同煤矿集团铁峰煤业有限公司，山西右玉037200）摘要：通风管理系统的目的是通过建立和合并关于矿井通风系统日常操作的结构化计划、程序和过程，确保井下工人的健康和安全。
本文介绍了如何制定和实施通风管理方案，以确保法规的遵守，提高安全，提高作业效率。
吉利克肤腺强壮冷波清晰喷墨清洁剂说明书
SAFETY DATA SHEETIssuing Date: 18-Mar-2015Revision Date: 18-Mar-2015Version 11. IDENTIFICATIONProduct Name Gillette Clincal Endurance Cool Wave Clear Gel Product ID:96889637_RET_NGProduct Type:Finished Product - Consumer (Retail) Use Only Recommended Use Personal Beauty Care Product ManufacturerThe Procter & Gamble Company Sharon Woods Innovation Center 11510 Reed Hartman Highway Cincinnati OH 45241+1 513 626-2500E-mail Address Emergency TelephoneTransportation (24 HR)CHEMTREC - 1-800-424-9300(U.S./ Canada) or 1-703-527-3887Mexico toll free in country: 800-681-95312. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION"Consumer Products", as defined by the US Consumer Product Safety Act and which are used as intended (typical consumer duration and frequency), are exempt from the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). This SDS is being provided as a courtesy to help assist in the safe handling and proper use of the product.This product is classifed under 29CFR 1910.1200(d) and the Canadian Hazardous Products Regulation as follows:.Eye Damage / Irritation Category 2B Flammable Liquids Category 3Signal Word WARNINGHazard StatementsCauses eye irritationFLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPORHazard pictograms3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTSIngredients are listed according to 29CFR 1910.1200 Appendix D and the Canadian Hazardous Products Regulation 4. FIRST AID MEASURESFirst aid measures for different exposure routes Eye contactIF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.Skin contact None under normal use.Ingestion Not an expected route of exposure. If swallowed:. Clean mouth with water and afterwards drink plenty of water.InhalationNone under normal use.Most important symptoms/effects,acute and delayedMay cause eye irritation.Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary Notes to PhysicianTreat symptomatically.5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURESFlammable properties Flammable liquid and vaporSuitable extinguishing media Water. Dry chemical. Alcohol-resistant foam. Carbon dioxide (CO 2).Unsuitable Extinguishing Media Do not use a solid water stream as it may scatter and spread fire.Special hazardFumes may catch fire.Precautionary Statements -PreventionKeep container tightly closed K e e p a w a y f r o m h e a t /s p a r k s /o p e n f l a m e s /h o t s u r f a c e s . — N o s m o k i n g Wash hands thoroughly after handlingPrecautionary Statements -ResponseIn case of fire: Use water, CO2, dry chemical, or foam for extinctionIF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsingIf eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention Precautionary Statements -StorageNonePrecautionary Statements -DisposalDispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulation Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC)NoneChemical NameSynonymsTrade SecretCAS-No Weight %Calcium chloride (CaCl2), dihydrate -No 10035-04-8 1 - 5Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane-No556-67-20.1 - 1.0Special protective equipment for fire-fighters As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent) and full protective gear.Specific hazards arising from thechemicalNone.6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESPersonal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresPersonal precautions None under normal use conditions.Advice for emergency responders Use personal protective equipment as required.Environmental precautions Do not discharge product into natural waters without pre-treatment or adequate dilution. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning upMethods for containment Prevent product from entering drains. Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.Methods for cleaning up Contain spillage, and then collect with non-combustible absorbent material, (e.g. sand,earth, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite) and place in container for disposal according tolocal / national regulations (see section 13).7. HANDLING AND STORAGEPrecautions for safe handlingAdvice on safe handling Keep container closed when not in use. Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces andsources of ignition. Never return spills in original containers for re-use. Use personalprotective equipment as required. Keep out of the reach of children.Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesTechnical measures/Storage conditions Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition. Store away from other materials.Storage Conditions Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Store in acool/low-temperature, well-ventilated, dry place away from heat and ignition sources. Incompatible products None known.8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTIONControl parametersExposure Guidelines Exposure guidelines are not relevant when product is used as intended in a householdsetting.Exposure controlsEngineering Measures Manufacturing Sites:Ensure adequate ventilationDistribution, Workplace and Household Settings:Not applicablePersonal Protective EquipmentEye Protection Manufacturing Sites:Safety glasses with side-shieldsDistribution, Workplace and Household Settings:No special protective equipment requiredHand Protection No special protective equipment requiredSkin and Body Protection No special protective equipment requiredRespiratory Protection No special protective equipment required9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESPhysical State @20°C liquidAppearance clear gelOdor characteristicOdor threshold No information availableProperty Values NotepH value 3 - 5Melting/freezing point No information availableBoiling point/boiling range No information availableFlash point 30 °C / 86 °F Closed cupEvaporation rate No information availableFlammability (solid, gas)No information availableFlammability Limits in AirUpper flammability limit No information availableLower Flammability Limit No information availableVapor pressure No information availableVapor density No information availableRelative density No information availableWater solubility slightly solubleSolubility in other solvents No information availablePartition coefficient: n-octanol/water No information availableAutoignition temperature No information available.Decomposition temperature No information available.Viscosity of Product No information availableVOC Content (%)Products comply with US state and federal regulations for VOC content in consumerproducts.10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITYReactivity None under normal use conditions.Stability Stable under normal conditions.Hazardous polymerization Hazardous polymerization does not occur.Hazardous Reactions None under normal processing.Conditions to Avoid Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.Materials to avoid None in particular.Hazardous Decomposition Products None under normal use.11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATIONProduct InformationInformation on likely routes of exposureInhalation No known effect.Skin contact No known effect.Ingestion No known effect.Eye contact Avoid contact with eyes. Irritating to eyes.Delayed and immediate effects as well as chronic effects from short and long-term exposure Acute toxicity No known effect.Skin corrosion/irritation No known effect.Serious eye damage/eye irritation Irritating to eyes.Skin sensitization No known effect.Respiratory sensitization No known effect.Germ cell mutagenicity No known effect.Neurological Effects No known effect.Reproductive toxicity No known effect.Developmental toxicity No known effect.Teratogenicity No known effect.STOT - single exposure No known effect.STOT - repeated exposure No known effect.Target Organ Effects No known effect.Aspiration hazard No known effect.Carcinogenicity No known effect.12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION EcotoxicityThe product is not expected to be hazardous to the environment.Persistence and degradability No information available.Bioaccumulative potential No information available.Mobility No information available.Other adverse effects No information available.13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSWaste treatmentWaste from Residues / Unused Products Disposal should be in accordance with applicable regional, national and local laws and regulations.Contaminated packaging Disposal should be in accordance with applicable regional, national and local laws andregulations.California Hazardous Waste Codes(non-household setting)331Disposal recommendations Products covered by this MSDS, in their original form, when disposed from a commercialfacility as waste, are ignitable hazardous waste, D001, according to Federal RCRAregulations(40 CFR 261). Disposal should be in accordance with Local, State and Federalregulations.14. TRANSPORT INFORMATIONDOTUN no UN1993UN Proper shipping name Flammable liquid, n.o.sDescription UN1993, Flammable liquid, n.o.s (Ethanol, Isopropanol), 3, IIIHazard Class3Packing Group III128Emergency Response GuideNumberIMDGUN Number UN1993UN Proper shipping name Flammable liquid, n.o.s.Description UN1993, Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (Ethanol, Isopropanol), 3, IIITransport hazard class(es)3Packing Group IIIEmS-No F-E, S-EIATAUN no UN1993UN Proper shipping name Flammable liquid, n.o.s.Description UN1993, Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (Ethanol, Isopropanol), 3, IIIHazard Class3Packing Group IIIERG Code3L15. REGULATORY INFORMATIONU.S. Federal RegulationsSARA 313Not applicable for consumer useCERCLANot applicable for consumer useFood and Drug Administration (FDA)The product described in this Material Safety Data Sheet is regulated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act and is safe to use as per directions on container, box or accompanying literature (where applicable)Clean Air Act, Section 112 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) (see 40 CFR 61)Not applicable for consumer useClean Water ActNot applicable for consumer useCalifornia Proposition 65This product is not subject to warning labeling under California Proposition 65.U.S. State Regulations (RTK)Not applicable for consumer useInternational InventoriesUnited StatesProduct is a personal care product and regulated under FDA.CanadaThis product is in compliance with CEPA for import by P&G.LegendTSCA - United States Toxic Substances Control Act Section 8(b) InventoryCEPA - Canadian Environmental Protection ActPerfumes contained with the products comply with appropriate IFRA guidance.16. OTHER INFORMATIONIssuing Date:18-Mar-2015Revision Date:18-Mar-2015Reason for revision Initial Release.DisclaimerThe information provided in this Safety Data Sheet is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication. The information given is designed only as a guidance for safe handling, use, processing, storage, transportation, disposal and release and is not to be considered a warranty or quality specification. The information relates only to the specific material designated and may not be valid for such material used in combination with any other materials or in any process, unless specified in the textEnd of SDS。
采矿专业外语常用词汇
1、美国长壁开采Aggressive 积极的gateroad回采巷道abutment pressure支承压力Sophisticated精致natural roof caving自然冒顶longwall mining 长壁开采Panel layout 盘区布置underground coal mining 地下开采Single longwall mining 单一走向长壁开采infrastructure 基础设施radical根本的In term of用...（术语）来routinely日常的norm准则、规范、标准rigid严格的Depreciate 贬值，跌价state-of-the-art最先进的continue miner 连续采煤机Frame supports 节式支架multi-slicing 多分层incentive刺激，鼓励Fully-mechanized综合机械化plow刨煤机shearer采煤机room-pillar 房柱开采2、Design consideration盘区设计Dedicate奉献complimentary赞美（依赖、依存）dictate支配（决定）amortize分期偿还contiguous邻近的isolate孤立的fiscal财政的handle操纵、处理（开采）overhaul彻底检修、详细检查attitude态度、看法、概念anomaly异常、反常prevail优于、盛行bleeder放血者、泄水孔边界回风巷suppression抑制、阻止。
生长susceptible易受影响的impede阻碍，妨碍，阻止Everything being equal 其它条件完全相同（1）Armored face conveyor（AFC）:刮板输送机（2）stage loader：转载机（3）belt conveyor：胶带输送机（4）ground control：岩层控制（5）determination：决心（6）gob：采空区（7）shield（s）:支架（8）fracture：裂隙（9）perpendicular（to）:垂直3、strata mechanics岩石力学Slice切片，分层void（gob）空洞convergence集中，收敛platy阔、宽、扁平Crack裂缝adjacent邻接intact未收接触、原封不动roof control 顶板控制Abutment pressure支承压力portion部分、一份surface subsidence地表沉陷Immediate roof直接顶caved zone冒落带overburden上覆岩层gateroad回采巷道Expansion ratio膨胀比bulking factor膨胀系数continuous deformation zone 弯曲下沉带Soil zone土壤带（表土层）coal seam煤层main roof老顶face area 采场（stope）回采（工作面）headgate 运输平巷tailgate回风平巷4、panel development盘区巷道掘进/发展Impromptu临时的quote引用，印证revenue税收tolerate忍受，容忍strategy战略Amend修正，改正stipulate规定，约定neutral中立的，空当位置accordingly因此Scope范围incompliance不顺从，不服从prevail优于（+ing）占优的downside下侧5、shield support-general 掩护支架概述Prerequisite（for）先决条件，必要条件tandem串联（的），前后排（的）,纵列（的）Rear后面（的）destinctive独特的，区别的cease（to）停止，中止Underuse为充分利用的（受拉）lemniscate双纽线assembly装置，装配，使用Kinematical运动学的spherical球形的caving shield掩护梁debris碎片，岩屑Top coal caving mining放顶煤开采frame 节式chock支撑式chock shield支撑掩护式Shield掩护式6、支架设计/选择shield supports-design/selectionDevote致力于，努力，贡献restriction限制，约束asymmetric不对称的，不均匀的Shield盾牌，掩护体，掩护支架ergonomically从人体工学角度prior（to）先前，优先Compatible适应torsional扭转的，扭曲的overrate估计过高，定额高Positive 积极地，确定的，绝对的roof load顶板载荷paramount最高的，首要的Structural结构的stationary固定的，禁止的impact影响in this respect 在这方面For one thing举一例子in addition to除。
正做-专业英语(L11)讲义
LESSON 11 Methods of Dust Control
[教学内容] Introduction Ventilation Water sprays Dust collectors
LESSON 11 Methods of Dust Control
ae[r教os学o目l 的浮]质(气体中的悬浮微粒,如烟,雾 m要互ic求熟ro学练fl生翻o等r译熟a)记的专 程业 度词汇，达到英文与中文相
areersopsioral t[o'εrəyrə微sɔ呼植l]吸物的群 Micarborfalosrioan[,maikr磨əu损'flɔ:rə]
respirbaotorirnyg['respərə打tə眼ri；] 钻进；钻探
abraseioxtnra[əc'tbioreniʒən开] 采
borinlgongwall extraschteioanrer longwall
பைடு நூலகம்
LESSOTNh1e1 yMeathroidss oef Dfursot Cmontraol combination of
Tnhaetnuartaulralnadtminodsuphsetrrieatlhsaot uwrecberseathe
conintacilnusdninotgocnolynidtsengassaetoiouns,csomnsotkiteusen, ts butvaollscoalnaircgeacnutimvibtye,rssooifllsiqauniddasnadnsdosli,d Tphaeratnincadletusm.raiTclhraeostfmeloaorrase.pkhneorwenthbaytthweegeneric bclki[Tacoqnrdnoheunoʒndea悬方火iswidydt'itnhnnei浮面山aatednrubnrius微的活seciyadskenott粒原动]tirstnfohirsaotnn的因、oeallb(amis[ig产，沙dm,unkoeaɔsteup生这土nncaraandceol有包和ereosermtrnisotioc自括微'cbsosilelnineaon然：植nicʃaslraəlslgymnut方凝物.[i]edoT压'ieε面结群tinhnnsə缩aeogur又、。ge；səfmraens有烟凝osbaɔas结ete工气lur]oor；.ersl业、uas冷lso. f 我凝 sa们)nd,呼ss,m吸aon的kde自ms,然ivcor大olcfl气aonr中iac. ，ac不tiv仅ity包, so含il气s a态nd成 分g，ene而ric n且am还e 通包用名含类大属名量aer的oso液l 浮质体(气和体中固的悬体浮微微粒粒,如烟。, 它雾们) m统icro一flor名a 微称植物为群 悬浮微粒。
专业外语增加翻译部分
LESSON 1IntroductionMine ventilation involves the control of the atmospheric environment. This requires control of the air quality and air movement to satisfy the requirements for the health, safety and comfort of mine workers. Minimum standards are set out in the various states mines regulation. Some are descriptive, specifying the standards required (eg. Victoria), and some are prescriptive, detailing exactly how the standards are to be achieved (eg. W.A.).说明矿山通风涉及到对大气环境的控制。
这需要控制空气的质量和运动，以满足矿工的健康、安全和舒适性要求。
许多州的矿山条例中都提出了（关于空气的质量和运动方面的）最低标准。
有些是叙述性的，指明必需的标准（例如，维多利亚加拿大港市)。
有些是说明性的，详细严密地叙述如何达到这些标准（例如）Purposes of Mine VentilationProperly engineered control of the mine atmosphere is required to:provide fresh air (oxygen) for men to breatheprovide a source of oxygen for internal combustion engines in machinerydilute atmospheric contaminants to acceptable levelsmaintain temperature and humidity within acceptable limitsremove atmospheric contaminants from the mine.矿山通风的目标从工程技术来讲，正确控制矿山空气需要：提供新鲜的空气（氧气）工，供人呼吸提供氧气来源，供给各种机械上的内燃机。
浅析矿井通风系统安全性评价指标体系的建立
浅析矿井通风系统安全性评价指标体系的建立陈 宇(昆明煤炭科学研究所，云南 昆明 650041)摘 要矿井通风系统是矿井生产系统的重要组成部分，在矿井安全生产中占据重要的地位。
矿井通风系统不仅是矿井安全生产的重要保障，同时对矿井节能降耗和抗灾能力也非常重要。
因此，要评价一个矿井通风系统的安全性，必须建立一种合理的、有效的矿井通风系统评价指标体系。
关键词矿井 通风系统安全性 评价指标体系中图分类号 TD724 文献标识码 A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-2801.2019.01.039A Brief Analysis of the Establishment of Safety Evaluation Index System of Mine Ventilation SystemChen Yu(Kunming Institute of Coal Science, Yunnan Kunming 650041)Abstract: Mine ventilation system is an important part of mine production system, which plays an important role in mine safety production. Mine ventilation system is not only an important guarantee for mine safety production, but also very important for mine energy saving, consumption reduction and disaster resistance. Therefore, in order to evaluate the safety of a mine ventilation system, a reasonable and effective evaluation index system must be established.Key words : mine ventilation system safety evaluation index system收稿日期2018-05-21作者简介 陈宇（1985-），男，汉族，陕西户县人，昆明煤炭科学研究所安全工程师，本科，研究方向：煤矿安全。
MineSafety煤矿安全大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：煤矿安全文献、资料英文题目：Mine safety文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14附录：外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：Mine safetyCoal mining historically has been a hazardous occupation but, in recent years, tremendous progress has been made in reducing accidental coal mine deaths and injuries.the main aspect is as following：⑴ Safety of mine ventilation•Purposes of Mine Ventilation•Properly engineered control of the mine atmosphere is required to: •provide fresh air (oxygen) for men to breathe•provide a source of oxygen for internal combustion engines in machinery •dilute atmospheric contaminants to acceptable levels•maintain temperature and humidity within acceptable limits•remove atmospheric contaminants from the mine.Mine ventilation is twofold in purpose: first, it maintains life, and secondly it carries off dangerous gases. The historic role of ventilation was to provide a flow of fresh air sufficient to replace the oxygen consumed by the miners working underground. Today's mine ventilation primarily deals with noxious gases (mainly generated by trackless equipment underground).Canaries are said to have been used to detect gas in coal mines in the earlystages of coal mining. This sensitive bird would be taken into the workings and, if it perished, the colliers would immediately leave the mine.In the 1920s the hand-turned fans were replaced with air-powered small turbine fans. Large fans of the suction type were placed on the surface and gradually increased in size. Air from surface compressors was piped into the mine to power machinery and to assist in ventilation.Unless the air is properly distributed to the face, the mine ventilation system is not performing its primary function [1]. While it has always been recognized that this last part of ventilation is the most import, it is also the most difficult to achieve.The primary means of producing and controlling the airflow are also illustrated on Figure 1. Main fans, either singly or in combination, handle all of the air that passesthrough the entire system.These are usually, but notnecessarily, located onsurface, either exhaustingair through the system asshown on Figure 1 or,alternatively, connected todowncast shafts or mainintakes and forcing air into and through the system. Because of the additional hazards of gases and dust that may both be explosive, legislation governing the ventilation of coal mines is stricter than for most other underground facilities. In many countries, the main ventilation fans for coal minesare Figure 1. Typical elements of a main ventilation systemrequired, by law, to be placed on surface and may also be subject to other restrictions such as being located out of line with the connected shaft or drift and equipped with "blow-out" panels to help protect the fan in case of a mine explosion.Stoppings and Seals:In developing a mine, connections are necessarily made between intakes and returns. When these are no longer required for access or ventilation, they should be blocked by stoppings in order to prevent short-circuiting of the airflow. Stoppings can be constructed from masonry, concrete blocks or fireproofed timber blocks. Prefabricated steel stoppings may also be employed. Stoppings should be well keyed into the roof, floor and sides, particularly if the strata are weak or in coal mines liable to spontaneous combustion. Leakage can be reduced by coating the high pressure face of the stopping with a sealant material and particular attention paid to the perimeter. Here again, in weak or chemically active strata, such coatings may be extended to the rock surfaces for a few metres back from the stopping. In cases where the airways are liable to convergence, precautions should be taken to protect stoppings against premature failure or cracking. These measures can vary from "crush pads" located at the top of the stopping to sliding or deformable panels on prefabricated stoppings. In all cases, components of stoppings should be fireproof and should not produce toxic fumes when heated.As a short term measure, fire-resistant brattice curtains may be tacked to roof, sides and floor to provide temporary stoppings where pressure differentials are low such as in locations close to the working areas.Where abandoned areas of a mine are to be isolated from the currentventilation infrastructure, seals should be constructed at the entrances of the connecting airways. If required to be explosion-proof, these consist of two or more stoppings, 5 to 10 metres apart, with the intervening space occupied by sand, stone dust, compacted non-flammable rock waste, cement-based fill or other manufactured material. Steel girders, laced between roof and floor add structural strength. Grouting the surrounding strata adds to the integrity of the seal in weak ground. In coal mines, mining law or prudent regard for safety may require seals to be explosion-proof.Doors and airlocks：Where access must remain available between an intake and a return airway, a stopping may be fitted with a ventilation door. In its simplest form, this is merely a wooden or steel door hinged such that it opens towards the higher air pressure. This self-closing feature is supplemented by angling the hinges so that the door lifts slightly when opened and closes under its own weight. It is also advisable to fit doors with latches to prevent their opening in cases of emergency when the direction of pressure differentials may be reversed. Contoured flexible strips attached along the bottom of the door assist in reducing leakage, particularly when the airway is fitted with rail track.Ventilation doors located between main intakes and returns are usually built as a set of two or more to form an airlock. This prevents short-circuiting when one door is opened for passage of vehicles or personnel. The distance between doors should be capable of accommodating the longest train of vehicles required to pass through the airlock. For higher pressure differentials, multiple doors also allow the pressure break to be shared between doors. Mechanized doors, opened by pneumatic or electrical means are particularlyconvenient for the passage of vehicular traffic or where the size of the door or air pressure would make manual operation difficult. Mechanically operated doors may, again, be side-hinged or take the form of rollup or concertina devices. They may be activated manually by a pull-rope or automatic sensing of an approaching vehicle or person. Large doors may be fitted with smaller hinged openings for access by personnel. Man-doors exposed to the higher pressure differentials may be difficult to open manually. In such cases, a sliding panel may be fitted in order to reduce that pressure differential temporarily while the door is opened. Interlock devices can also be employed on an airlock to prevent all doors from being opened simultaneously.Cfd applied to ventilation sys tems：Due to recent advances in computer processing power CFD has been used to solve a wide range of large and complex flow problems across many branches of engineering (Moloney et. al. 1997/98/99). The increase in processor speed has also enabled the development of improved post processing and graphical techniques with which to visualize the results produced by these models. Recent research work has employed CFD models, validated by scale and full-scale experiments, to represent the ventilation flows and pollutant dispersion patterns within underground mine networks. In particular, studies by Moloney (1997) demonstrated that validated CFD models were able to successfully replicate the ventilation flows and gaseous pollutant dispersion patterns observed within auxiliary ventilated rapid development drivages. CFD has proven a capable method by which to identify detailed characteristics of the flow within critical areas such as the cutting face. The results produced by the CFD models were able to demonstrate the relativeefficiency of the different auxiliary ventilation configurations in the dilution, dispersion and transport of the methane and dust from the development face. Further recent studies by Moloney et. al. (1999) have demonstrated that such validated CFD models may be used to simulate the airflow and pollutant dispersion data for a wide range of mining and ventilation configurations. Each simulation exercise produces large sets of velocity, pressure and pollutant concentration data.⑵ Fires Methods of ControlFires that occur in mine airways usually commence from a single point of ignition. The initial fire is often quite small and, indeed, most fires are extinguished rapidly by prompt local action. Speed is of the essence. An energetic ignition that remains undetected, even for only a few minutes, can develop into a conflagration that becomes difficult or impossible to deal with. Sealing off the district or mine may then become inevitable.The majority of fires can be extinguished quickly if prompt action is taken. This underlines the importance of fire detection systems, training, a well-designed firefighting system and the ready availability of fully operational firefighting equipment. Fire extinguishers of an appropriate type should be available on vehicles and on the upstream side of all zones of increased fire hazard. These include storage areas and fixed locations of equipment such as electrical or compressor stations and conveyor gearheads. Neither water nor foam should be used where electricity is involved until it is certain that the power has been switched off. Fire extinguishers that employ carbon dioxide or dry powders are suitable for electrical fires or those involving flammable liquids.Deluge and sprinkler systems can be very effective in areas of fixed equipment, stores and over conveyors. These should be activated by thermal sensors rather than smoke or gas detectors in order to ensure that they are operated only when open combustion occurs in the near vicinity.Except where electricity or flammable liquids are involved, water is the most common medium of firefighting. When applied to a burning surface, water helps to remove two sides of the fire triangle. The latent heat of the water as it vapourises and the subsequent thermal capacity of the water vapour assist in removing heat from the burning material. Furthermore, the displacement of air by water vapour and the liquid coating on cooler surfaces help to isolate oxygen from the fire.⑶ Methods of Dust ControlThe three major control methods used to reduce airborne dust in tunnels and underground mines: ventilation, water, and dust collectors.Ventilation air reduces dust through both dilution and displacement. The dilution mechanism operates when workers are surrounded by a dust cloud and additional air serves to reduce the dust concentration by diluting the cloud. The displacement mechanism operates when workers are upwind of dust sources and the air velocity is high enough to reliably keep the dust downwind.① Dilution Ventilation. The basic principle behind dilution ventilation is to provide more air and dilute the dust. Most of the time the dust is reduced roughly in proportion to the increase in airflow, but not always. The cost of and technical barriers to increased airflow can be substantial, particularly where air already moves through ventilation ductwork or shafts at velocitiesof 3,000 ft/min or more.②Displacement Ventilation. The basic principle behind displacement ventilation is to use the airflow in a way that confines the dust source and keeps it away from workers by putting dust downwind of the workers. Every tunnel or mine passage with an airflow direction that puts dust downwind of workers uses displacement ventilation. In mines, continuous miner faces or tunnel boring machines on exhaust ventilation use displacement ventilation. Enclosure of a dust source, such as a conveyor belt transfer point, along with extraction of dusty air from the enclosure, is another example of displacement ventilation. Displacement ventilation can be hard to implement. However, if done well, it is the most effective dust control technique available, and it is worth considerable effort to get it right. The difficulty is that when workers are near a dust source, say, 10 to 20 ft from the source, keeping them upwind requires a substantial air velocity, typically between 60 and 150 ft/min. There is not always enough air available to achieve these velocities.③ Water sprays. The role of water sprays in mining is a dual one: wetting of the broken material being transported and,airborne capture. Of the two, wetting of the broken material is far more effective.Adequate wetting is extremely important for dust control. The vast majority of dust particles created during breakage are not released into the air, but stay attached to the surface of the broken material. Wetting this broken material ensures that the dust particles stay attached. As a result, adding more water can usually (but not always) be counted on to reduce dust. For example, coal mine operators have been able to reduce the dust from higher longwallproduction levels by raising the shearer water flow rate to an average of 100gpm. Compared to the amount of coal mined, on a weight basis, this 100gpm is equivalent to 1.9% added moisture from the shearer alone. Unfortunately, excessive moisture levels can also result in a host of materials handling problems, operational headaches, and product quality issues, so an upper limit on water use is sometimes reached rather quickly. As a result, an alternative to simply adding more water is to ensure that the broken material is being wetted uniformly.⑷ Mine DrainageWater invades almost every mine in the form of ：direct precipitation (rain and snow), surface runoff, underground percolation. Flows of water have an important effect on the cost and progress of many mining operations and present life and property hazards in some cases.Means of Mine-water Control（Mine Drainage）:As shafts and other mine openings extend below the water table, water is likely to be encountered and to seep into the openings to an extent depending upon the area of rock surface exposed, the hydrostatic pressure, and other factors. In order to continue mining operations, it is therefore necessary to lower the ground water level in the vicinity of the mine by artificial means to keep the workings free of water as well as preventing the flow of surface water into the (surface or underground) mine. This operation is known as mine drainage.Means of mine drainage are limited by circumstances and objectives. The following types of mine-water control can be used singly or more effectively in combination:① Locate shafts or excavations in best ground and protect from direct water inflow from surfaces.② Divert or drain water at or near surface.③Reduce permeability of rock mass by grouting with special types of cement, bentonite and liquid chemical grouts (water sealing).④ Case or cement exploration drill holes.⑤Drill pilot holes in advance of work wherever there may be sudden influents at rates potentially inconvenient.⑥Dewater bedrock at depth by pumping through dewatering wells or from an accessible place in the mine.。
矿井通风安全工程
•
牢记安全之责，善谋安全之策，力务 安全之 实。202 0年10 月19日 星期一2 时6分3 3秒Mo nday , October 19, 2020
•
相信相信得力量。20.10.192020年10月 19日星 期一2 时6分33 秒20.1 0.19
谢谢大家！
江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院安全教研室
•
树立质量法制观念、提高全员质量意 识。20. 10.1920 .10.19 Monday , October 19, 2020
•
人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。0 2:06:33 02:06:3 302:06 10/19/2 020 2:06:33 AM
•
江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院安全教研室
六、矿井通风发展历史 Ventilation History (WORD) 1. 600-800 B.C. Greek miners and Roman Empire
often had twin shafts; (natural ventilation) 2. 1556 year .Georgius Agricola (German), A
•
踏实肯干，努力奋斗。2020年10月19 日上午2 时6分2 0.10.19 20.10.1 9
•
追求至善凭技术开拓市场，凭管理增 创效益 ，凭服 务树立 形象。2 020年1 0月19 日星期 一上午2 时6分3 3秒02:06:3320 .10.19
•
严格把控质量关，让生产更加有保障 。2020 年10月 上午2时 6分20. 10.1902 :06October 19, 2020
江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院安全教研室
矿井通风与防尘
1 专业词汇-矿井通风
风量分配 air distribution
掘进工作面风流 air current at heading face
采煤工作面风流 air current along the working face; air flow along the working face
Terminology for Mine Ventilation 进风风流 intake air current; intake airflow; intake air
可燃性气体 inflammable gas; combustible gas 矿井空气调节 mine air conditioning 风量 air quantity; airflow; air volume 需风量 required airflow; required air quantity; air requirement
China University of Mining and Technology
Terminology for Mine Ventilation
Terminology for Mine Ventilation 矿井通风 mine ventilation
矿井空气 mine air
新鲜空气 fresh air; ventilating air
串联通风 series ventilation
压入式通风 forced ventilation; forced draught; blowing ventilation 抽出式通风 exhaust ventilation
Terminology for Mine Ventilation
上行通风 ascensional ventilation 下行通风 descensional ventilation 独立风流 separate air current; separate airflow
煤矿方面外文翻译资料
Conveyor belt entry fire hazards and controlH. Verakis & M. HockenberryU.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Triadelphia, West Virginia, USA ABSTRACT: A fire in a coal mine conveyor belt entry represent a major safety and health risk to miners. Fighting belt entry fires can be a commanding effort. If there is a failure of one aspect in the fire fighting needs such as a dissimilar hose-valve connection, then it can result in the inability to extinguish a fire. Fire incident data compiled over nearly 30 years for underground coal mines shows that fires in belt entries account for 15-20 percent of the total number of fires. Fires in the belt entries of coal mines have resulted in injuries and fatalities. New regulations have been promulgated that require an unplanned fire not extinguished within 10 minutes of discovery to be reported to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). A fire that is not extinguished within several minutes may take hours or days to extinguish or may require sealing a section or the mine in some cases. The current fire protection regulations in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 30, Part 75 are designed to prevent or control the fire hazards present in a belt entry. These requirements and other factors affecting belt entry fires are discussed, including fire detection and warning, fire suppression devices, type and location of fire fighting equipment, waterlines, and cleanup and removal of combustible materials. The fire suppression systems used to extinguish/control a belt fire and the effect of ventilation on the propagation of conveyor belt fires are also discussed.1IntroductionA fire occurring in an underground coal mine conveyor belt entry represents a major safety and health risk to miners. If the fire is small when discovered, it most likely will be extinguished before becoming a major conflagration. Fighting a conveyor belt entry fire can be a commanding effort and failure of one aspect can result in losing control of extinguishing the fire.Fire incident data compiled over nearly 30 years for underground coal mines show that fires in belt entries account for 15-20 percent of the total number of fires. Fires in the belt entries of coal mines have resulted in injuries and fatalities. Most of the fire incident data compiled was obtained from mine operator reports of underground coal mine fires lasting 30 minutes or longer. Prior to December 8, 2006, an unplanned underground mine fire not extinguished within 30 minutes of discovery was to be reported by the mine operator to MSHA. However, beginning December 8, 2006, new MSHA regulations (1) require a mine operator to report an unplanned underground mine fire that is not extinguished within 10 minutes of discovery. A fire that is not extinguished within several minutes may take hours or days to extinguish or may require sealing a section or the mine in some cases. The current fire protection regulations in 30 CFR Part 75 are designed to prevent or control the fire hazards present in a belt entry. These requirements and other factors affecting belt entry fires are discussed which include fire detection and warning, fire suppression devices, type and location of fire fighting equipment, waterlines, and cleanup of combustibles. The fire suppression systems used to extinguish/control a belt fire and the effect of ventilation on the propagation of conveyor belt fires are also discussed. 2Conveyor Belt Fire Incident DataA large amount of data has been collected and analyzed on underground coal mine fires (2), (3), (4). The data shows over the past 30 years that fires in conveyor belt entries continue to represent about 15 to 20 percent of all underground coal mine fires. More recent fire incident data for conveyor belt entries in U.S. underground coal mines has been summarized by year, 1980-2005 (4). As indicated in Figure 1, which is prepared from the 1980-2005 data on ignition sources indicated in Francart’s paper (4) and the MSHA presentation on “Reducing Belt Entry Fires in Underground Coal Mines” (5), there were 63 conveyor belt entry fires. Of the 63 fires, friction at the belt drive and along the belt served as the ignition source for 36 percent. Frictional heating continues to be a most common ignitionsource in underground coal mine conveyor belt entry fires.drive18%cutting & welding8%18%3%not determinedFigure 1 – Ignition Sources for U.S. Underground Coal Mine Belt Entry Fires, 1980-2005The data published in Francart’s paper (4) preceded the more recent underground coal mine conveyor belt fire that12th U.S./North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2008 – Wallace (ed)ISBN 978-0-615-20009-5occurred in the Aracoma Alma Mine No. 1 on January 19, 2006. According to the MSHA Investigation Report (6), the fire occurred as a result of frictional heating when the longwall belt became misaligned in the 9 Headgate longwall belt takeup storage units. This frictional heating ignited accumulated combustible materials. Twenty-nine miners were working underground in the Aracoma Alma Mine No. 1 at the time. During the evacuation process, two of the twelve miners from 2 Section became separated from the remainder of the crew when they encountered dense smoke. Initial attempts to locate the two missing miners and extinguish the fire were unsuccessful. The two miners died as a result of the fire. The remaining twenty-seven miners working underground escaped safely. The fire was eventually brought under control by mine rescue teams and the two deceased miners were found two days later on January 21, 2006. In addition to the MSHA report, an overview of the Aracoma Alma Mine No. 1 fire was presented by Francart (7) to the federal Technical Study Panel on the Utilization of Belt Air and the Composition and Fire Retardant Properties of Belt Materials in Underground Coal Mining ().Subsequent to the conveyor belt fire data presented in Francart’s paper (4), an analysis was made of the MSHA database information reported for underground coal mine fires for 2006 through July 2007 (8). There were two reported underground coal mine belt entry fires in 2006, one of which was the Aracoma Alma Mine No.1 fire. There were two reported underground coal belt entry fires that occurred in the period January to June 2007 and each one lasted less than 30 minutes.3Belt and Other Combustible Fire HazardsThe potential risk of fire in a conveyor belt entry of an underground coal mine is high. No coal mine using conveyor belt haulage is immune from a fire involving the conveyor belt. In a conveyor belt entry there is an abundant supply of combustible materials including the conveyor belt itself, coal and coal fines, grease and oil and possibly wooden supports. Belt entry fires have occurred from various sources of ignition as shown in Figure 1. It doesn’t take much time for a conveyor belt fire to build in intensity and create a potentially lethal atmosphere. Conveyor belt fires have burned as much as 610 meters (2000 feet) of belting. A conveyor belt that has poor resistance to fire will spread flames along the exposed surfaces of the belt and eventually ignite other combustibles such as the coal. As the belt fire progresses and extends to other combustibles, the concentrations of toxic gases increase to potentially lethal levels. The mine ventilation can be disrupted from a propagating conveyor belt fire. The disruption of the ventilation can introduce a threat of explosion from the accumulation of methane and the release of flammable gases. As an example, mine rescue teams fighting a conveyor belt fire at the Marianna Mine were withdrawn because high levels of methane accumulated, posing the threat of explosion (9). Large-scale conveyor belt tests have shown the magnitude of the fire hazard, including the various flammability characteristics of conveyor belting as affected by the ventilating airflow and the potential of the fire to spread to other combustibles (10), (11), (12), and (13). These large-scale conveyor belt fire tests have shown that a ventilating airflow of about 92 meters per minute (300 feet per minute) is optimum for flame propagation. Figure 2 shows the propagation of a conveyor belt fire during a large-scale test at the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) Lake Lynn Laboratory.Increasing the fire resistance of the conveyor belting and limiting the amount of combustibles in the belt entry are among the measures that will reduce the potential for a disastrous fire. As a matter of fact, the accumulation of combustible materials was the most frequently cited underground coal mine safety standard (30 CFR 75.400) by MSHA enforcement personnel in 2006(). Cleanup of combustible materials, particularly the extraneous coal is one of the most important fire safety measures in a belt entry.The federal Technical Study Panel on the Utilization of Belt Air and the Composition and Fire Retardant Properties of Belt Materials in Underground Coal Mining has made recommendations that encompass conveyor belt entry and conveyor maintenance and improved fire resistant standards for conveyor belting. Information on the Panel’s recommendations and final report may be found on MSHA’s website at/BeltAir/BeltAir.aspFigure 2 – Propagation of a Conveyor Belt Fire during a Large-scale Test at the NIOSH Lake Lynn Lab4Fire Protection RequirementsThere are extensive MSHA regulations addressing belt conveyor fire protection and control in 30 CFR, Part 75, Subpart L, Fire Protection (14). The regulations address slippage and sequence switches, fire resistant conveyor belting, fire detection and warning systems, fire hose and waterlines including suitable fittings, and automatic firesuppression equipment. For underground coal mines thatuse belt air to ventilate working sections there are fire protection requirements specified in the MSHA regulations under Part 75, Subpart D Ventilation (15). Another source is the U.S. Department of Labor eLaws® which include an MSHA Fire Suppression and Fire Protection Advisor. This Advisor provides minimum fire protection requirements for underground coal mine electrical equipment which includes conveyor belts(/elaws/msha/fire/fire_3.asp).The MSHA regulations pertaining to conveyor belt fire protection and control are minimum requirements intended to reduce the incident of fire in a belt entry and to control a fire should one develop. Of primary importance are properly designed and maintained fire detection and fire suppression systems. The requirements for the use and installation of fire suppression systems, including water deluge, water sprinklers, foam generator, and dry powder chemical systems are specified in 30 CFR, Part 75, SubpartD (14). The importance of properly designed fire suppression systems, particularly as the use of wider belts increases, is one of the outcomes from on-going large-scale research being conducted by NIOSH in partnership with MSHA on the suppression of conveyor belt fires. The design of a fire suppression system must include measures to appropriately cover wider belts with the fire suppressing agent and to address the effect of higher rates of airflow where employed in belt entries. Also, early fire detection through the use of carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke detectors, is critical to alerting miners and attending to a fire incident and can mean the difference between extinguishing a fire and having to contend with a fire that has grown out of control. Another key component is waterlines used with a fire hose for fighting a fire in a belt entry. Waterlines shall be capable of delivering 189 liters (50 gallons) of water a minute at a nozzle pressure of 3.5 kilograms per square centimeter (50 pounds per square inch). This is a minimum performance standard specified in 30 CFR, Part 75.1100-1(a) and is commonly referred to as the “50/50” rule. The length, size and type of hose affect compliance with this performance standard because water flowing through a hose will create pressure loss along the hose due to friction. The magnitude of this friction pressure loss will depend upon the water flow rate and the length, size and type of hose (16).Undoubtedly, those measures needed to reduce the hazards of conveyor belt entry fires are prevention, early detection, improved belt fire resistance, proper response and communication, extinguishment, and proper maintenance and examinations. Another source of detailed information for fire prevention and control in underground coal mine belt entries is the National Fire Protection Association Standard 120 (17). Other key factors are preparedness and proficient response to a fire in a belt entry. An excellent source for fire preparedness is the report “Fire Response Preparedness for Underground Mines” prepared by Ron Conti, et. al. (18). 5Cost of Belt Entry FiresThere are inherent costs associated with a conveyor belt entry fire, especially if the fire is not quickly extinguished. These costs can encompass lost production days, costs for extended work hours, extinguishment costs for chemical agents and equipment, costs of sealing a section of the mine or the mine itself, and costs for rehabilitation of the affected area(s).The effect and impact of the Marianna Mine fire is an example of the expenses that are incurred in fighting a belt-entry fire. Personnel and equipment from nearby mines were brought to the mine to fight the fire. Food, lodging, and wages were provided for these personnel by the mine operator. When the rescue teams were withdrawn, all equipment was left in the mine, and mines that loaned the equipment were reimbursed. More than 30 boreholes were drilled in an attempt to form underground seals for controlling the fire by using materials pumped from the surface. Access rights were purchased from landowners, and roadways were cleared and built so that drilling equipment could be installed. Material was pumped into the mine through the boreholes in an attempt to create underground seals. When this attempt to extinguish the fire failed, the entire mine was sealed. During the 30 days between the discovery of the fire and sealing of the mine, the direct cost of the fire fighting efforts was reported to have been between $5 and $6 million. Costs other than the fire fighting efforts not included in this $5 to $6 million amount would significantly increase the total cost of the Marianna Mine fire. The annual lost revenue at the time of the fire in 1988 would have been about $24 million. Miner benefits were maintained for a time following the mine shutdown. Underground mining supplies, equipment, and firefighting equipment owned by the mine operator were left underground when personnel were withdrawn. The cost of this abandoned mining equipment alone was in the millions of dollars. Of the 327 employees employed at the Marianna mine site, only a few remained employed in mining. In the case of the Marianna underground coal mine conveyor belt entry fire that occurred in 1988, the significant cost impact was the permanent sealing and closing of the mine and the loss of resources.6SummaryA primary fire hazard in a conveyor belt entry is the belt itself. The fire resistant level of a conveyor belt will have a significant impact on the occurrence and extent of a belt entry fire, should one develop. The first line of defense in strictly limiting the propagation of fire involving a conveyor belt is to use a conveyor belt of high fire resistance. The safety measures discussed for conveyor belt fire protection and control are systems that encompass redundancy. Early detection of a fire is paramount to determining the nature of a fire incident and subsequent warning of miners. Nonetheless important are all the other requirements and measures that address slippage and sequence switches, fire hose and waterlines, automatic firesuppression equipment, cleanup of combustibles, proper maintenance, communications, and fire response and preparedness. The combination of all the safety elements discussed is intended to reduce the hazard of conveyor belt entry fires. The success in this endeavor will not only result from the regulations, policies and technologies employed, but also from the dedication of the mine operator and miners to belt entry fire safety.ReferencesConti, Ronald, S., Chasko, Linda, L., Wiehagen, William, J., and Lazzara, Charles, P., “Fire Response Preparedness for Underground Mines,” National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Information Circular 9481, 2005.DeRosa, Maria, I., “Analysis of Mine Fires for All U.S.Underground and Surface Coal Mining Categories: 1990-1999, U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9470, 2004.Fires,” U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 9570, 1995.Francart, W.J., “Reducing belt entry fires in underground coal mines,” 11th U.S./North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Mutmansky & Ramani (eds),2006.Francart, W.J., Overview of a Fatal Mine Fire, Aracoma Alma Mine #1, occurred on January 19, 2006, presentation at the Technical Study Panel on the Utilization of Belt Air and the Composition and Fire Retardant Properties of Belt Materials in UndergroundCoal Mining, May 16, 2007, Salt Lake City, Utah. Lazzara, Charles, P., and Perzak, Frank, J., “Conveyor Belt Flammability Studies,” Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Institute on Coal Mining Health, Safety and Research, August 1990.Marianna Mine No. 58 (ID No. 36-00957), Beth Energy Mines, Inc., Mine Safety and Health Administration Report of Investigation, Mine Fire, Marianna Borough, Washington County, Pennsylvania, March 7,1988.MSHA Program Policy Letter No. P06-V-2, “Interpretation of 30 CFR 75.1100-1 and 2 Regarding Water DeliveryCapability of Coal Mine Waterlines When Fighting aFire with a Fire Hose and Nozzle,” 2006.MSHA, “Reducing belt entry fires in underground coal mines,” presentation made to the Technical Study Panel on the Utilization of Belt Air and the Composition and Fire Retardant Properties of Belt Materials in Underground Coal Mining, March 29, 2007, Pittsburgh, PA.MSHA database for reported underground coal mine fires from 2006 through July 2007.National Fire Protection Association, Standard 120, “Standard for Fire Protection and Control in Coal Mines,” Quincy, MA, 2004 Edition.Perzak, Frank, J., Litton, Charles, D., Mura, Kenneth, E., and Lazzara, Charles, P., “Hazards of Conveyor Belt Pomroy, William, H. and Carigiet, Annie, M.,“Analysis of Underground Coal Mine Fire Incidents inthe United States From 1978 Through 1992,” U.S,Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9426, 1995. Report of Investigation, Fatal Underground Coal Mine Fire, Aracoma Alma Mine #1, Aracoma Coal Company, Inc. Stollings, Logan County, West Virginia, I.D. N0. 46-08801, occurred January 19,2006, U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety & Health Administration, 2007.U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30, Part 75, Subpart L, Fire Protection, July 1, 2007.U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30, Part 75, Subpart D, Ventilation, Section 75.350, 75.351, and75.352, July 1, 2007.U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30, Part 50, Section 50.2 Definitions, 50.2h(6), July 1, 2007. Verakis, Harry, C., “Reducing the Fire Hazard of Mine Conveyor Belts,” Proceedings of the Fifth U.S. MineVentilation Symposium, Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME), 1991.Verakis, Harry C and Dazell, Robert, W., “Impact of Entry Air Velocity on the Fire Hazard of Conveyor Belts,”Proceedings of the Fourth International Mine Ventilation Congress, July 1988.。
矿井通风安全隐患排查方法探析
当代化工研究 £QModem Chemical Research2020 ・ 16技术应用与研究矿井通风安全隐患排查方法探析头郭盛（郑煤集团芦沟煤矿河南452374）摘耍：矿井通风是对各项工作有序开展的关键性保障，所以要结合对通风存在的安全隐患详细排查，保障通风系统的稳定性，为作业人 员提供更加理想的工作环境.因此，本文针对矿井通风安全隐患排查方法做出了进一步探究，详细分析了影响井下通风安全的关键性因 素、煤矿井通风安全隐患排查的关键点、宪善煤矿井下通风安全管理的有效措施。
关键询：矿井通风；安全隐患；排查方式中图分类号：TD文献标识码：AAnalysis of Hidden Danger Investigation Methods for Mine VentilationGuo Sheng(Lugou Coal Mine, Zhengmei Group, He'nan, 452374)Abstracts Mine ventilation is the key guarantee f ar the orderly development of a ll kinds of w ork, so it is necessary to combine the detailedinvestigation ofpotential safety hazards in ventilation to ensure the stability of ventilation system and provide more ideal working environment f oroperators. Therefore, this p aper has made J urther research on the hidden danger investigation methods of m ine ventilation, and has analyzed in detail the key f actors that affect the safely of underground ventilation, the key points of h idden danger investigation of m ine ventilation, and the effectivemeasures to improve the safety management of m ine ventilation.Key words ： mine ventilation^ potential safety hazards investigation method矿井通风，具体来说便是在开采煤矿时，对井下开采人员的工作环境给予保障，使其有含量高的新鲜空气，其中要 将井下作业当中可能会存在的一些有害气体和浮尘排除，有益于开采人员的工作环境更加理想，也是对开采人员生命安 全给予保障的关键性措施。
聚二甲基硅氧烷msds英文版
聚二甲基硅氧烷msds英文版Material Safety Data SheetSilicon dioxide, dimethylSection 1: IdentificationProduct name: Silicon dioxide, dimethylChemical formula: (CH3)2SiOCAS number: 63148-62-9Synonyms: Dimethicone, Poly(dimethylsiloxane), Silicone oil Section 2: Hazard IdentificationClassification:- Eye irritation category 2- Skin irritation category 2- Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure category 3 Hazards:- May cause eye irritation.- May cause skin irritation.- May cause respiratory irritation.- May cause drowsiness or dizziness.Section 3: CompositionChemical Name CAS number Concentration Silicon dioxide, dimethyl 63148-62-9 100% Section 4: First Aid MeasuresEye contact:- Immediately rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.Skin contact:- Remove contaminated clothing and wash affected area with soap and water. If irritation occurs, get medical advice.Inhalation:- Move the affected person to fresh air. If breathing becomes difficult, provide oxygen and seek medical attention. Ingestion:- Rinse mouth and drink plenty of water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention if symptoms occur.Section 5: Fire Fighting MeasuresSuitable extinguishing media:- Use dry chemical, CO2, or foam to extinguish the fire.Section 6: Accidental Release MeasuresPersonal precautions:- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles.Environmental precautions:- Prevent the product from entering drains or water sources. Cleanup methods:- Absorb spill with an inert material, such as sand or vermiculite. Dispose of waste according to local regulations.Section 7: Handling and StorageHandling:- Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Use in a well-ventilated area. Do not ingest.Storage:- Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly closed containers. Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame.Section 8: Exposure Controls and Personal Protection Engineering measures:- Ensure adequate ventilation to maintain air levels below occupational exposure limits.Personal protective equipment:- Eye/face protection: Safety glasses or goggles.- Skin protection: Chemical resistant gloves and protective clothing. - Respiratory protection: In case of insufficient ventilation, use NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator.Section 9: Physical and Chemical PropertiesAppearance: Clear, colorless liquidOdor: OdorlessMelting point: -50°CBoiling point: >200°CFlash point: >93°CSpecific gravity: 0.965-0.975 g/cm3Vapor pressure: <0.1 mmHg at 25°CVapor density: >1 (Air=1)Section 10: Stability and ReactivityStability: Stable under normal conditions.Hazardous reactions: None known.Conditions to avoid: Avoid heat, sparks, flame, and other ignition sources.Section 11: Toxicological InformationAcute toxicity:- Oral LD50: >5,000 mg/kg (rat)- Dermal LD50: >5,000 mg/kg (rabbit)Skin irritation:- Rabbit skin irritation: Mild irritantEye irritation:- Rabbit eye irritation: Mild irritantSection 12: Ecological InformationEcotoxicity:- Aquatic toxicity: Not availablePersistence and degradability:- Not readily biodegradableSection 13: Disposal ConsiderationsDisposal methods:- Dispose of waste material in accordance with all local, regional, and national regulations.Section 14: Transport InformationUN Number: Not regulatedUN Proper Shipping Name: Not regulatedTransport hazard class: Not classifiedPacking group: Not applicableSection 15: Regulatory InformationUS federal regulations:- TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act): Listed- SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act): Not listedSection 16: Other InformationPrepared by: [your company name]Preparation date: [date]Last revision date: [date]Disclaimer: The above information is believed to be accurate, but no guarantee is given or implied. Users must make their own determination of suitability and completeness for their intended use.。
简述矿井通风方式的类型
简述矿井通风方式的类型英文回答：Mine Ventilation Methods.Mine ventilation is the process of providing fresh air to an underground mine. It is essential for the health and safety of miners, as it removes harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide and methane, and provides oxygen for breathing. There are a variety of mine ventilation methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.The most common mine ventilation method is natural ventilation. This method relies on the natural movement of air to provide fresh air to the mine. Natural ventilationis typically used in small mines, where the air flow is sufficient to remove harmful gases and provide oxygen for breathing.Another common mine ventilation method is mechanicalventilation. This method uses fans to circulate air through the mine. Mechanical ventilation is typically used inlarger mines, where the natural air flow is not sufficientto provide fresh air for breathing.There are a variety of mechanical ventilation systems, including:Positive-pressure ventilation forces air into the mine through a series of ducts. This method is typically used in mines with high levels of dust or other contaminants.Negative-pressure ventilation draws air out of themine through a series of ducts. This method is typically used in mines with low levels of dust or other contaminants.Combination ventilation uses a combination ofpositive-pressure and negative-pressure ventilation to provide fresh air to the mine. This method is typicallyused in mines with complex ventilation needs.The choice of mine ventilation method depends on anumber of factors, including the size of the mine, the level of contaminants, and the ventilation needs of the miners.中文回答：矿井通风方式。
矿山重大隐患判定标准题库
矿山重大隐患判定标准题库英文回答：Category 1: Potential for Loss of Life or Serious Injury.Imminent danger of a roof or rib fall.Uncontrolled highwall or spoil piles.Unstable or unsafe ground conditions.Hazardous atmospheric conditions (e.g., methane, carbon monoxide)。
Inadequate ventilation.Exposed electrical hazards.Unsecured or unstable equipment.Explosives handling and storage violations.Category 2: Potential for Mine Closure or Production Loss.Extensive damage to infrastructure (e.g., conveyors, haul roads, processing plants)。
Loss of access to production areas.Major equipment breakdowns.Delays in permitting or inspections.Labor shortages or strikes.Environmental incidents (e.g., spills, leaks)。
Category 3: Potential for Environmental Damage.Uncontrolled water discharge.Acid mine drainage.Air pollution.Land subsidence.Disturbance of sensitive ecosystems.Category 4: Potential for Regulatory Non-Compliance. Violations of health and safety regulations.Permit violations.Failure to maintain records or submit reports.Misuse of explosives or other hazardous substances. Non-compliance with environmental regulations.Category 5: Other Significant Hazards.Fires.Explosions.Cave-ins.Methane ignitions.Vehicle accidents.Structural collapses.Theft or vandalism.中文回答：矿山重大隐患判定标准。
矿瓦斯超限应急预案
矿瓦斯超限应急预案英文回答：Emergency Response Plan for Excessive Methane Concentration。
1. Hazard Identification:Methane, a colorless and odorless gas, is a common by-product of coal mining operations. It is highly flammable and can pose a significant safety hazard if not properly managed. Excessive methane concentrations can lead to explosions, fires, and asphyxiation.2. Emergency Response:In the event of an excessive methane concentration, the following emergency response plan will be implemented:Immediate Evacuation: All personnel in the affectedarea must evacuate immediately and proceed to a designated safe assembly point.Notification: The mine operator will be notified immediately and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) will be contacted as soon as possible.Ventilation: Fans and other ventilation systems willbe adjusted to increase airflow and dilute the methane concentration.Monitoring: Methane levels will be continuously monitored to assess the situation and guide further actions.Extinguishing: If a fire or explosion occurs, appropriate extinguishing methods will be employed, such as water spray or chemical foam.3. Training and Communication:All mine personnel will receive comprehensive training on methane hazards and emergency response procedures.Regular communication and drills will ensure that everyone is familiar with their roles and responsibilities during an emergency.4. Equipment and Resources:The mine will be equipped with the necessary equipment and resources to handle excessive methane concentrations, including:Methane detectors。
钻井硫化泄漏应急处置流程
钻井硫化泄漏应急处置流程英文回答：Emergency response procedures for drilling sulfide leakage:1. Identification and Assessment:Identify the source and location of the sulfide leakage.Assess the potential risks and hazards associated with the leakage, such as toxic gases or fire hazards.Determine the extent of the leakage and the affected area.2. Notification and Communication:Immediately notify the appropriate emergency response team and relevant authorities, such as the local firedepartment and environmental agencies.Communicate the situation to all personnel on-site and ensure that they are aware of the potential risks and necessary precautions.3. Evacuation and Safety Measures:If necessary, evacuate personnel from the immediate vicinity of the leakage to a safe location.Implement safety measures, such as establishing a safety perimeter and restricting access to the affected area.Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to responders and ensure proper use.4. Containment and Mitigation:Initiate immediate actions to contain the leakage and prevent further spread. This may involve using absorbentmaterials or physical barriers.Employ specialized equipment and techniques to mitigate the risks associated with the leakage, such as using ventilation systems to remove toxic gases or applying foam to suppress fires.5. Cleanup and Decontamination:Once the leakage is under control, initiate the cleanup process. This may involve removing contaminated soil or water, decontaminating equipment, or disposing of hazardous materials properly.Follow appropriate guidelines and regulations for the disposal of hazardous waste.6. Investigation and Documentation:Conduct a thorough investigation to determine the cause of the sulfide leakage and identify any contributing factors.Document all actions taken during the emergency response, including communication records, safety measures implemented, and cleanup procedures.中文回答：钻井硫化泄漏应急处置流程：1. 辨识和评估：辨识硫化泄漏的来源和位置。
MSDS-无水柠檬酸
Material Safety Data Sheet Material:Citric Acid AnhydrousHazard Rating:National Fire Protection Association4=Extreme,3=High,2=Moderate,1=Slight,0=Insignificant,=Chronic Health Hazard (See Sec.6) Fire=N/A Health=N/A Reactivity=N/A Special=N/ASECTION 1. Identification of ProductTrade Name/Chemical Name: Synonyms:Citric Acid Anhydrous Citric AcidChemical & Physical State: Molecular Formula:Solid C6H8O7SECTION 2. Physical PropertiesAppearance & Odour:Boiling Point (degree C):Odorless,Free Flowing,While Crystals, N/AStrong acid tasteMelting/Freezing Point (degree C):N/A V apour Pressure (mm Hg):N/A Specific Gravety (water=1 at 4 degree C): Bulk Density:N/A1.665V apour Density (Air=1): Solubility in Water:N/A25 Deg C 162 g/100ml%V olatiles By V olume:0 pH:N/ASECTION 3. Fire & Explosion Hazard DataFlash Point (degree C) & Method:N/A Autoignition Temperature (degree C):N/A Flammable Limits (% by vol. In air): Lower: Upper:None N/A N/AWould any material saturated with this product be subject to spontaneous combustion?Y es x No Material: NoneFire Extinguishing Media :Not flammable, use appropriate media for surrounding fire.Fire Fighting Procedures: N/AOther Fire or Explosion Hazards: NoneSECTION 4. Reactivity DataStability: x Stable UnstableConditions to A void: Conditions of Reactivity:N/A N/AIncompatibility (materials to avoid):Copper, Zinc, Aluminum and their alloys due to corrosion.Hazardous Decomposition or Combustion Products:CO-CO2Hazardous Polymerization: May occur x Will not occurSECTION 5. Health Hazard DataToxicological Data:LD50 (Oral, Mouse) =5040 mg/kg (1) LD50 (Oral, Rat )=6730mg/kg (1)LD50 (Oral, Rat =11,700mg/kg (2)Carcinogenic ity Data:The ingredients of this product are not listed as carcinogens by NTP(National Toxicology Program),not regulated as carcinogens by OSHA, (Occupational Safety and Health Administration),and have not been evaluated by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer ) or ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists).Effects of Exposure When:Inhaled: Dust is irritating to eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract, and may cause sore throat, coughing and difficulty breathing.In contact with eyes: May cause irritation, redness and pain.In contact with skin: Dust may cause redness and irritation.Ingested: May cause gastrointestinal irritation.Emergency and Firs Aid Procedures:Inhalation: Move victim to fresh air. Give artific ial respiration ONLY if breathing has stopped. Give cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CFR) if there is no breathing AND no pulse. Obtain medical attention IMMECIA TELY.Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with running water for a minimum of 20 minutes. Hold eyelids open during flushing. If irritation persists, repeat flushing. Obtain medical attention IMMEDIA TELY.Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected areas with soap and water. If irritation persists, obtain medical advice IMMEDIA TELY.Ingestion: If victim is alert and not convulsing, give 1/2 to 1 glass of water dilute material. If spontaneous vomiting occurs, have victim lean forward with head down to avoid breathing in of vomitus, rinse mouth and administer more water. IMMEDIA TELY contact a Poison Control Center. V omiting may need to be induced but should be directed by a Poison Control Center or a physician. IMMEDIA TELY transport victim to an emergency facility.SECTION 6. Special Protection InformationV entilation Requirements: Local exhaust ventilation required.Respiratory Protection:A NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator for dust, mist and fume cartridges if required.Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles when there is potential for eye contact.Skin protection: Gloves and protective clothing made from rubber should be impervious under conditions of use. User should verify impermeability under normal conditions of use prior to general use.Other Personal Protective Equipment: Impervious apron and boots. Safety shower and eye bath located close to chemical exposure area.SECTION 7. Special RequirementsPrecaution In Handling and Storing:Store in a cool, well ventilated area. Do not expose sealed containers to temperatures above 49 degree C. (120 Degree F). Keep away from heat, sparks and flame. Keep containers closed.Other Precaution: Use only with adequate ventilation. A void breathing vapor. A void contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly before reuse. Discard contaminated leather clothing.SECTION 8. Spill or Leak ProceduresSteps to be taken in event of spill or release (in all cases notify applicable Government Authority if spill is significant): Stop discharge and contain runoff from rainwater by dyeing with earth or other barrier. Sweep up material and contaminated soil for recovery or disposal.Environmental Effects: May be harmful to aquatic life.Neutralizing Chemicals: Neutralize carefully with soda ash or sodium bicarbonate to a pH of 6 to 9Waste Disposal: Dispose of waste material at an approval landfill site in accordance with local, provincial or federal regulations. Do not dispose of waste with normal garbage of in local sewage system.SECTION 9. T ransportation & Regulatory InformationShipping Name: Citric Acid anhydrous PIN: Not RegulatedT.D.G. Classification: Not Regulated Packing Group: Not regulatedWHMIS Classification:D.2B“Information contained herein is provided without any warranty, and will not be liable for any damage which may result from the use or reliance on any information contained herein”N/A: Not Applicable or Not A vailable。
南非勘查规范SAMREC Code -2007
THE 2007 SAMREC CODE FOR REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS, MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINERAL RESERVESGLOSSARY OF TERMSThe terms set out below shall, unless the context otherwise indicates, apply in relation to this Code._ _ _ _ _ _FOREWORD1. The SOUTH AFRICAN CODE FOR THE REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS,MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINERAL RESERVES (the SAMREC Code or the Code) sets out minimum standards, recommendations and guidelines for Public Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves in South Africa. It has been drawn up by the Working Group of the SSC Committee under the joint auspices of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (SAIMM) and the Geological Society of South Africa (GSSA). The SSC consists of representatives of the SAIMM, the GSSA, the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (SACNASP), the Geostatistical Association of South Africa (GASA), the South African Council for Professional Land Surveyors and Technical Surveyors (PLATO), the Association of Law Societies of South Africa, the General Council of the Bar of South Africa, the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME), the JSE Limited (JSE), the Council for Geoscience, _ _ _ _ _ _the South African Council of Banks, the Minerals Bureau, the Chamber of Mines of South Africa (COM), and the University of the Witwatersrand.The first version of the SAMREC Code was issued in March 2000 and adopted by the JSE in their Listings Requirements later that same year. The Code has been adopted by the SAIMM, the GSSA, SACNASP, ESSA and PLATO, and is binding on members of these organisations.For background information and the history of the development of the Code please refer to the SAMREC Code, March 2000. This 2007 edition supersedes the first edition.Concurrently with the evolution of the SAMREC Code, the Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards (CRIRSCO), initially a committee of the Council of Mining and Metallurgical Institutions (CMMI), has, since 1994, been working to create a set of standard international definitions for the reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.As a result of the CRIRSCO/CMMI initiative, considerable progress has been made towards widespread adoption of globally consistent reporting standards. These are embodied in similar Codes, guidelines and standards published and adopted by the relevant professional bodies around the world.The definitions in this edition of the SAMREC Code are either identical to, or not materially different from, those existing international definitions.INTRODUCTION2. The Code is applicable to the reporting of all styles of solid mineralisation or economic deposit.Certain commodities, namely Coal and Diamonds, have specific additional reporting requirements and these are dealt with from Clause 41 onwards. The Code does not apply to Oil, Gas or Water.In this second edition of the SAMREC Code, the Code is predominantly presented in normal typeface. Definitions are highlighted in bold text, and also form part of the Code. Guidelines are in italics and are placed after the respective Code clauses to provide assistance and guidance to readers when interpreting the Code.The SSC recognises that further reviews and revisions of the Code may be required. Additional information, rules, lists and best practice guidelines will be published on the SAMREC website from time to time, after due process has been followed.SCOPE3. The Code sets out a required minimum standard for the Public Reporting of Exploration Results,Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves. References in the Code to Public Report or Public Reporting pertains to those reports detailing Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves prepared for the purpose of informing investors or potential investors and their advisers.Although the Code is a required minimum standard for Public Reporting, the SSC committee recommends its adoption as a minimum standard for other reporting.Public Reports are all reports prepared for the purpose of informing investors or potential investors and their advisers and include but are not limited to: company annual reports,quarterly reports and other reports included in JSE circulars, or as required by the Companies Act. The Code also applies to the following reports if they have been prepared for the purposes described in Clause 3: environmental statements; information memoranda; expert reports; technical papers; website postings; and public presentations.For companies issuing annual reports, or other summary reports, the inclusion of allmaterial information relating to Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and MineralReserves is recommended. In cases where summary information is presented it shouldbe clearly stated that it is a summary, with a reference attached giving the location of theCode-compliant Public Reports or Public Reporting on which the summary is based.Companies and other entities are encouraged to provide information, which is ascomprehensive as possible, in their Public Reports.It is recognised that companies may be required to issue reports for more than oneregulatory jurisdiction, with differing compliance standards as contained in this Code. It isrecommended that such reports include a statement alerting the reader to this.Reference in the Code to …documentati on‟pertains to internal company documentsprepared as a basis for, or in support of, a Public Report.It is recognised that situations may arise where such supporting documentation,prepared by Competent Persons for internal company or similar non-public purposes,may not specifically be compliant with the Code. In such situations, it is recommendedthat the documentation includes a prominent statement to this effect.Users of the Code, and those compiling reports which comply with the Code, should beguided by its intent, which is to provide a minimum standard for Public Reporting, and toensure that such reporting contains all relevant information which investors and theirprofessional advisers would expect to find in the report, for the purpose of making areasoned and balanced judgement regarding the Exploration Results, Mineral Resourcesand Mineral Reserves being reported on.4. The Code takes into account issues of a global nature whilst addressing certain circumstancesunique to South Africa. The following principles should be considered in the application of the Code:Materiality: A Public Report contains all the relevant information which investors and their professional advisors would reasonably require, and expect to find, for the purpose of making a reasoned and balanced judgement regarding the Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves being reported on.Transparency: The reader of a Public Report must be provided with sufficient information, the presentation of which is clear and unambiguous, to understand the report and not be misled.Competency: The Public Report is based on work that is the responsibility of suitably qualified and experienced persons who are subject to an enforceable Professional Code of Ethics.The author of the Public Report should be satisfied that his work has not been undulyinfluenced by the organisation, company or person commissioning a report or any reportthat may be deemed a Public Report, that all assumptions are documented, and thatadequate disclosure is made of all material aspects that the informed reader mayrequire, to make a reasonable and balanced judgement thereof.5. The Code is applicable to all solid minerals for which Public Reporting of Exploration Results,Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves is required. Minerals are defined as any substance occurring naturally in or on the earth, in or under water or in tailings or dumps, and having been formed by or subjected to a geological process and includes sand, stone, rock, gravel, clay, soil and any mineral occurring in stockpiles or in residue deposits, but excludes water, oil and gas.6. Table 1 provides a list of the main criteria which should be considered and reported upon, ifrelevant, when reporting on Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.COMPETENCE AND RESPONSIBILITY7. Documentation detailing Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves fromwhich a Public Report is prepared, must be prepared by, or under the direction of, and signed bya Competent Person.8. A Public Report concerning a company’s Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and MineralReserves is the responsibility of the company acting through its Board of Directors. Any such report must be based on, and fairly reflect, the Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves report(s) and supporting documentation prepared by a Competent Person. A Public Report shall disclose the name of the Competent Person(s), his/her qualifications, professional affiliations and relevant experience. The Competent Person’s written approval is required for his contribution to the report.Where any specific documentation is referred to in a Public Report, the written approval of the author must be obtained as to the form, content and context in which that documentation is to be included in the Public Report.9. A ‘Competent Person’ is a person who is registered with SACNASP, ECSA or PLATO, or isa Member or Fellow of the SAIMM, the GSSA or a Recognised Overseas ProfessionalOrganisation (ROPO). A complete list of recognised organisations will be promulgated by the SSC from time to time. The Competent Person must comply with the provisions of the relevant promulgated Acts.10. A Competent Person must have a minimum of 5 (five) years experience relevant to the style ofmineralisation and type of deposit or class of deposit under consideration and to the activity which that person is undertaking. If the Competent Person is estimating or supervising the estimation of Mineral Resources, the relevant experience must be in the estimation, assessment and evaluation of Mineral Resources. If the Competent Person is estimating, or supervising the estimation of Mineral Reserves, the relevant experience must be in the estimation, assessment, evaluation and assessment of the economic extraction of Mineral Reserves. Persons being called upon to sign as a Competent Person must be clearly satisfied in their own minds that they are able to face their peers and demonstrate competence in the commodity, type of deposit and situation under consideration.The key qualifier in the definition of a Competent Person is the word …relevant‟.Determination of what constitutes relevant experience can be difficult and commonsense should be exercised. For example, in estimating vein gold mineralisation,experience in a high-nugget, vein-type mineralisation such as tin, uranium etc. willprobably be relevant, whereas experience in massive-type deposits may not be.Furthermore, a person, considered competent in evaluating and reporting on alluvial golddeposits, should have considerable experience in this type of mineralisation, because ofthe characteristics of gold in alluvial systems, the particle sizing of the host sediment,and the low grades being quantified. Experience with placer deposits containing mineralsother than gold may not necessarily provide relevant experience.The key word …relevant‟ could also mean that it is not always necessary for a person tohave five years experience in each and every type of deposit in order to act as aCompetent Person if that person has relevant experience in other deposit types. Forexample, a person with twenty years experience in Mineral Resource evaluation in avariety of metalliferous hard-rock deposit types may not require five years specificexperience in porphyry copper deposits in order to act as a Competent Person. Relevantexperience in the other deposit types would count towards the required experience inrelation to porphyry copper deposits.In addition to experience in the style of mineralisation, a Competent Person reportingMineral Resources should have sufficient knowledge of sampling and assayingtechniques relevant to the deposit under consideration and to be aware of problemswhich could affect the reliability of the data. Some appreciation of extraction andprocessing techniques applicable to that deposit type would also be important.It is important that the Lead Competent Person(s) accepting overall responsibility for aMineral Resource or Mineral Reserve report which has been prepared in whole or in partby others is satisfied that the work of the other contributors is acceptable and that theconstituent parts of the report have been signed off by such contributors.The Lead Competent Person undertaking Mineral Resource or Mineral Reservereporting should accept full responsibility for the report and should not treat theprocedure merely as a …rubber-stampi ng‟ exercise.Estimation of Mineral Resources may be a team effort (i.e. involving one person or ateam collecting the data and another person or team preparing the Mineral Resourceestimate). Estimation of Mineral Reserves is commonly a team effort involving a numberof technical disciplines. It is recommended that, where there is a clear division ofresponsibilities within a team, each person should accept responsibility for, his or herparticular contribution. For example, one person could accept responsibility for thecollection of Resource data, another for the Resource estimation process, another for themining study and the Lead Competent Person(s) acting as project leader(s) shouldaccept responsibility for the overall report.11. Complaints made in respect of the Public Report of a Competent Person will be dealt with underthe disciplinary procedures of SSC, or under the relevant ROPO agreement.REPORTING TERMINOLOGY12. Public Reports dealing with Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves mustuse one the terms Proved or Probable Mineral Reserves, Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources and Exploration Results as set out in Figure 1.Figure 1 sets out the framework for classifying tonnage and grade estimates so as to reflect different levels of geoscientific confidence and different degrees of technical and economic evaluation. Mineral Resources can be estimated on the basis of geoscientific information withsome input from other relevant disciplines. Mineral Reserves, which are modified Indicated and Measured Mineral Resources (shown within the dashed outline in Figure 1), require consideration of the Modifying Factors affecting extraction.Measured Mineral Resources may convert to either Proved Mineral Reserves, or may convert to Probable Mineral Reserves if there are uncertainties associated with modifying factors which are taken into account in the conversion from Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves. This relationship is demonstrated by the broken arrow in Figure 1. Although the trend of the broken arrow includes a vertical component, it does not, in this instance, imply a reduction in the level of geoscientific knowledge or confidence. In such a situation these modifying factors should be fully explained.The term ‘Modifying Factors’is defined to include mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental considerations.Figure 1 Relationship between Exploration Results, Mineral Resourcesand Mineral ReservesREPORTING GENERAL13. Public Reporting concerning a company’s Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and MineralReserves must include a description of the style and nature of mineralisation.14. A company must disclose relevant information concerning the status and characteristics of amineral deposit which could materially influence the economic value of that deposit, and promptly report any material changes in its Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.15. When reporting on commodity-specific requirements for Coal Resources and Coal Reserves, usemust be made of Clauses 41 to 53, which contain amendments and additions, and such will take precedence over all common clauses.16. When reporting on commodity-specific requirements for Diamond Resources and DiamondReserves, use must be made Clauses 54 to 62 which contain amendments and additions, and such will take precedence over all common clauses.17. Throughout the Code, where appropriate, ‘quality’ may be substituted for ‘grade’, ‘volum e’ maybe substituted for ‘tonnage’. In this Code any reference to the singular shall include a reference to the plural, where appropriate.REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS18. Exploration Results include data and information generated by exploration programmes that maybe of use to investors. The Exploration Results may or may not be part of a formal declaration of Mineral Resources or Mineral Reserves.19. In Public Reports, that part of Exploration Results’ data and information relating to mineralisationnot classified as a Mineral Resource or Mineral Reserve must be described as a deposit and must contain sufficient information to allow a considered and balanced judgement of the significance of the results. This must include all relevant exploration information, including the location of the deposit. Such reporting must not be presented so as to unreasonably imply that potentially economic mineralisation has been discovered.Reporting of selected information such as isolated assays, isolated drill holes, assays of panned concentrates or supergene enriched soils or surface samples, without placing them in perspective, is unacceptable.Where assay and analytical results are reported, this must be done using one of thefollowing methods, selected as the most appropriate by the Competent Person: by listingall results, along with sample intervals (or size, in the case of bulk samples), or byreporting weighted average grades of mineralised zones, indicating clearly how thegrades were calculated.Exploration information should include the interpretation of geological continuity,sampling results, locations etc. Table 1, at the end of this Code, is a checklist guidelinefor those preparing reports on Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and MineralReserves and should used as a reference. The checklist is not prescriptive and, asalways, relevance and materiality are overriding principles that determine whatinformation should be publicly reported.20. It is recognised that it is common practice for a company to comment on and discuss itsexploration in terms of target size and type. Any such information relating to exploration targets must not be expressed or misrepresented as an estimate of Mineral Resources or Mineral Reserves. The term Resource(s) or Reserves(s) must not be used in this context. Any statement referring to potential quantity and grade of the target must be expressed as ranges and must include a detailed explanation of the basis for the statement, and a proximate statement that the potential quantity and grade is conceptual in nature, that there has been insufficient exploration to define Mineral Resource and that it is uncertain if further exploration will result in the determination of a Mineral Resource.REPORTING OF MINERAL RESOURCES21. A ‘Mineral Resource’ is a concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest inor on the earth’s crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable and realistic prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, continuity and other geological characteristics of a Mineral Resource are known, or estimated from specific geological evidence, sampling and knowledge interpreted from an appropriately constrained and portrayed geological model. Mineral Resources are subdivided, and must be so reported, in order of increasing confidence in respect of geoscientific evidence, into Inferred, Indicated or Measured categories.A deposit is a concentration [or occurrence] of material of possible economic interest inor on the earth’s crust, that may include mineralised material that cannot be estimated with sufficient confidence to be classified in the Inferred category. Portions of a deposit that do not have reasonable and realistic prospects for eventual economic extraction are not included in a Mineral Resource.For each category of Mineral Resource the basis of classification must be disclosed (refer to Table 1).The term Mineral Resource covers in situ mineralisation as well as dumps or tailings,which have been identified and estimated through exploration/assessment and samplingfrom which Mineral Reserves may be derived by the application of modifying factors.Any material assumptions made in determining the …reasonable and realistic prospectsfor eventual economic extracti on‟ should be clearly stated in the Public Report.The term …reasonable and realistic prospects for eventual economic extracti on‟ implies ajudgement (albeit preliminary) by the Competent Person(s) in respect of technical andeconomic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction, including theapproximate mining parameters. In other words, a Mineral Resource is not an inventoryof all mineralisation drilled or sampled, regardless of cut-off grades, likely miningdimensions, location or continuity. It is a realistic inventory of mineralisation which, at thetime of reporting and under assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions,might become economically extractable.Portions of a mineral deposit that do not have reasonable and realistic prospects foreventual economic extraction must not be included in a Mineral Resource.Interpretation of the word …eventual‟in this context may vary depending on thecommodity, mineral involved or legal tenure. For example, for many coal, iron ore,bauxite and other bulk minerals or commodities, it may be reasonable to envisage…eventual economic extractio n‟ as covering time periods in excess of 50 years. Howeverfor other deposits, application of the concept would normally be restricted to perhaps 20to 30 years and frequently to much shorter periods of time.Certain reports (e.g. exploration reports to government and other similar reports notintended primarily for providing information for investment purposes) may require fulldisclosure of all mineralisation including some material that does not have reasonableand realistic prospects for eventual economic extraction. Estimates of these portions ofthe mineral deposit that do not qualify as Mineral Resources must not be described assuch.Any adjustment made to the data for the purpose of making the Mineral Resourceestimate, for example by cutting or factoring grades, or any other relevant assumptions,should be clearly stated and described in the Public Report.Where considered appropriate by the Competent Person(s) Mineral Resource estimatesmay include mineralisation below the selected cut-off grade to ensure that the MineralResource comprises bodies of mineralisation of adequate size and continuity to properlyconsider the most appropriate approach to mining, including any dilution orcontamination resulting from the requirements of any minimum mining width.Documentation of Mineral Resource estimates should clearly define any such inclusionsand Public Reports should include commentary on the matter if considered material.22. An ‘Inferred Mineral Resourc e’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which volume and/ortonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence and sampling and assumed but not verified geologically and/or through analysis of grade continuity. It is based on information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that may be limited in scope or of uncertain quality and reliability.An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to an Indicated Mineral Resource.Where Inferred Mineral Resources are extrapolated beyond data points, the proportionextrapolated must be described and disclosed.This category is intended to cover situations where a mineral concentration oroccurrence has been identified and limited measurements and sampling completed, butwhere the data is insufficient to allow the geological and/or grade continuity to beconfidently interpreted. Due to the uncertainty which may be attached to some InferredMineral Resources, it cannot be assumed that all or part of an Inferred Mineral Resourcewill necessarily be upgraded to an Indicated or Measured Mineral Resource as a resultof continued exploration.23. It is accepted that mine design and mine planning may include a proportion of Inferred MineralResources. If this category is considered in mine design, planning and/or economic studies, the results of which are publicly reported, full disclosure and the effect on the results of the studies must be stated. Inferred Mineral Resources may only be included in mine design, mine planning, and/or economic studies provided that there exists a mine plan and a statement of Mineral Reserves, which states that Inferred Mineral Resources have been used. Where a materialamount of mining in the mine plan includes Inferred Mineral Resources. a comparison of the results with and without these Inferred Mineral Resources must be shown, and the rationale behind their inclusion must be explained.Modifying factors and assumptions that were applied to the Indicated and Measured Mineral Resources to determine the Mineral Reserves must be equally applied to the Inferred Mineral Resources.Inferred Mineral Resources cannot be converted to Mineral Reserves, and must not be stated as part of the Mineral Reserve.24. An ‘Indicated Mineral Resource’is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage,densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a reasonable level of confidence. It is based on exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to confirm geological and/or grade continuity but are spaced closely enough for continuity to be assumed.The Indicated Mineral Resource has sufficient confidence for mine design, mine planning, and/or economic studies.An Indicated Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to aMeasured Mineral Resource, but has a higher level of confidence than that applying toan Inferred Mineral Resource.Confidence in the estimate is sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters and to enable an evaluation of economic viability.25. A ‘Measured Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities,shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a high level of confidence. It is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough to confirm geological and grade continuity.A Measured Mineral Resource has sufficient confidence for mine design, mine planning,production planning, and/or detailed economic studies.A Measured Mineral Resource requires that the nature, quality, amount and distributionof data are such as to leave no reasonable doubt in the opinion of the CompetentPerson(s), that the tonnage and grade of the mineralisation can be estimated to withinclose limits and that any variation within these limits would not materially affect potentialeconomic viability.This category requires a high level of confidence in, and understanding of, the geologyand the controls on mineralisation.26. The Competent Person(s) responsible for the Resource estimate must determine the appropriateMineral Resource category based upon the quantity, distribution and quality of data available and the level of confidence attached to the data with reference to Table 1. The method of determining these confidence levels must be disclosed. Resource classification guidelines are included in Table 1.。
煤矿安全技术标准及使用规范
2012煤矿安全技术标准使用规范河南豫联中山投资控股有限公司通防部目录一、AQ1028---2006煤矿井工开采通风技术条件国家安全生产监督管理总局 (1)二、AQ1018---2006矿井瓦斯涌出量预测方法国家安全生产监督管理总局 (26)三、AQ1020---2006煤矿井下粉尘综合防治技术规范国家安全生产监督管理总局 (40)四、AQ6206---2006煤矿用高低浓度甲烷传感器国家安全生产监督管理总局 (50)五、AQ/T1047---2007煤矿井下煤层瓦斯压力的直接测定方法国家安全生产监督管理总局 (67)六、AQ1048---2007煤矿井下人员定位系统使用和管理规范国家安全生产监督管理总局 (76)七、AQ1029---2007煤矿安全监控系统及检测仪器使用管理规范国家安全生产监督管理总局 (85)八、AQ1055---2008煤矿建设项目安全设施设计审查和竣工验收规范国家安全生产监督管理总局 (109)九、GB50450---2008煤矿主要通风机站设计规范中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 (151)十、AQ1056---2008煤矿通风能力核定标准国家安全生产监督管理总局 (190)十一、煤矿矿区矿井采掘工作面瓦斯地质图编制方法全国煤矿瓦斯地质图编制技术工作组 (208)十二、煤矿瓦斯抽采规范国家安全生产监督管理总局 (208)煤矿井工开采通风技术条件1范围本标准规定了采用井工方式开采的煤矿的基本通风技术条件。
本标准适用于全国井工开采的煤矿，包括新建和改、扩建矿井。
2规范性引用文件下列文件中包含的部分条款通过本标准引用而成为标准条文。
本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。
所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。
《煤矿安全规程》（2004年版）GB50215—2005煤炭工业矿井设计规范3术语和定义3.1矿井通风mine ventilation向矿井连续输送新鲜空气，供给人员呼吸，稀释并排出有害气体和浮尘，改善井下气候条件的作业。
冶金焦msds
Section V – Fire and Explosion Data
The product is Auto-ignition temperature Fire degradation products Flash Points Flammable Limits Fire Extinguishing Procedures Flammability Risks of explosion Will burn at elevated temperatures. Not applicable. Combustion products such as carbon oxides. Not applicable. Not applicable. Use water. Use SCBA during fire fighting. Will burn at elevated temperatures. Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: No. Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: No No specific information is available in our database regarding the product’s risks of explosion in the presence of various materials.
Chemical Name Chemical Formula Chemical Family Supplier
Material Uses
Section IA - First Aid Measures
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Approved Ventilation Plans
(30 CFR 75.370)
Have
to have an approved ventilation plan New Plans or Changes must be shown to the representative of the miners Plans must be posted on the bulletin board MSHA has to review each mines ventilation plan every 6 months to make sure it still fits conditions Ventilation plans can usually adapt fixed rules of the regulations to individual mine
Underground Coal Mines
Major
Objectives
Provide for escape in the event of a fire Limit exposure to dust and methane
Main
Approach
Specify air velocities and volumes to areas of the mine Specify any reuse of air Require approved mine ventilation plans
Must control dust and methane
• 100 fpm limit can in fact constrain production rate
Quantities must be sustained during installation and removal of equipment (30 CFR 75.325 (d))
• Add up all equipment on face (may form an over-riding air quantity) that is operated any time during shift • Diesel also imposes the air requirements outby and in entries and travel-ways
Required Operation of Mine Fans
(30 CFR 75.311)
Fans
must run at all times If not run have to shut down machinery, limit people underground to servicing things requiring shut-down, turn off power to underground circuits unless have some sort back-up fan
Can
have diffusers and scrubbers on the mining equipment Regs are silent on things like regulators (passive controls for ventilation)
Traditional
Things Regs will look for in Main Mine Fans
Have
to be 15 ft offside from opening Have to have weak stopping or explosion door to protect Have to be located away from surface combustibles Have to have doors that can close if ventilation air could conceivably reverse
Mine Ventilation under MSHA Regulation
©Dr. B. C. Paul 2004 Revised April 2008 Note – Basic information in this lecture was drawn from the Code of Federal Regulations, the Federal Register, the MSHA website, and Historical compilations and reports of accidents from the U.S. Bureau of Mines and MSHA
• All working sections or sections that could work simply by starting equipment • As with all reg specific quantities ventilation plans can change
May require more if not getting air diluted May get less if you can demonstrate job getting done
Getting Air to the Faces
Air
Supplied must be fresh
Any area were equipment is working must have a separate split of air Supersections must have fresh split of air for each equipment set (unless only run one at a time)
Monitoring and Inspection of Mine Fans
Fans need daily inspection unless full monitoring system is installed
Then monitor record must be checked daily and the monitor performance checked every 7 days
(30 CFR 75.325 (f))
Exceptions to Diesel Air Additions
If
diesel discharges into a return air course or an air supply going directly to a return air course
Allowed Supplements to Main Mine Fan
Can
have tubing and fans to help with face ventilation
Motors have to have auto shut-down if 1% methane is detected (1% methane shuts down the universe underground)
Ventilation Plan Contents
(30 CFR 75.371)
Company Information
Name and location of company Name, Location and MSHA number of mine Name of individual submitting plan Only Anthracite coal mines are allowed booster fans underground (30 CFR 75.302) Main mine fans have to be monitored continuously with at least a pressure recording device and a person on the surface
The Default Dilution Quantities
Bituminous and Lignite mines (Sub-bituminous covered with Bituminous – Anthracite is an exception)
Last Open Cross Cut needs 9,000 cfm at the intake entry
60 fpm min velocity (30 CFR 75.326)
Longwall and Shortwall systems need 30,000 cfm with at least 50 fpm but not more than 100 fpm of velocity (30 CFR 75.325 (c))
• Person must have two way communications to working areas
Main Mine Fan Information
Mine fans need an independent power supply from the rest of the mine (separate circuit) (30 CFR 75.310)
Equipment Operation Issues
Can put scrubbers and diffuser fans on mining machines
Must be specified in Ventilation Plan
Diesel Equipment Rules
There are rules and cleanliness of equipment itself (covered under separate lecture series) Engines have nameplate air requirements that must be met