高一英语专题复习Summary概要写作课件
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高中英语概要写作 Summary Writing公开课精品PPT课件
There is nothing unusual about a single language dying. Communities have come and gone throughout history, and
with them their language.BBuutt what is happening today is
somewhere in the world every two
weeks or so.
Key point 2:
… many languages are not in such a
serious position… there are things that
The solutions can be done to give new life to them.
The problem
Read for the Content
➢What else do we know about the problem?
It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about
) older. If good descriptions and materials are available, even
extinct languages can be saved. Kaurna, from South Australia, is an example. This language had been extinct for about a century, but had been quite well documented. So when a strong movement grew for its revival (复活), it was possible to bring it back from death.
with them their language.BBuutt what is happening today is
somewhere in the world every two
weeks or so.
Key point 2:
… many languages are not in such a
serious position… there are things that
The solutions can be done to give new life to them.
The problem
Read for the Content
➢What else do we know about the problem?
It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about
) older. If good descriptions and materials are available, even
extinct languages can be saved. Kaurna, from South Australia, is an example. This language had been extinct for about a century, but had been quite well documented. So when a strong movement grew for its revival (复活), it was possible to bring it back from death.
高中英语概要写作课件Summary writing
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in
Para 4. doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and
Para 3. The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages
to human beings: in pure science-a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science-a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper
Para 2. knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of
for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Para 4. doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and
Para 3. The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages
to human beings: in pure science-a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science-a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper
Para 2. knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of
for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
高考英语写作辅导-写作概要writing--summary精品ppt课件
ummary writing for argumentation
1.Read
①topic:
There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt
② structure In what order does the passage develop to show the different “attitudes”?
⑤ 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面， 评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。 ⑥ 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档 次。
解读之内涵篇 概要写作：
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要
• 评分要点 • 1）理解准确，涵盖全部要点 • 2）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 • 3）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑 • 4）完全使用自己的语言
2.Explore （探究）
There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt supporting ideas
Find out the topic sentences of each paragraph
Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtEuropean in a friendly way. Henry Examples of some countries IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
1.Read
①topic:
There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt
② structure In what order does the passage develop to show the different “attitudes”?
⑤ 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面， 评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。 ⑥ 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档 次。
解读之内涵篇 概要写作：
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要
• 评分要点 • 1）理解准确，涵盖全部要点 • 2）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 • 3）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑 • 4）完全使用自己的语言
2.Explore （探究）
There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt supporting ideas
Find out the topic sentences of each paragraph
Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtEuropean in a friendly way. Henry Examples of some countries IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
复习课件英语作文写作之Summary 概括.ppt
Looking at your notes, decide what the main idea of the main piece is and write the thesis.
.,.,
10
How to write a summary.
Notes:
the source (author--first/last name, title, date of publication, volume number, place of publication, publisher, URL, etc.)
.,.,
6
What is a Summary?
Rearranging words or substituting words is not enough. You must express the meaning of the writing in your own words. (But not use your own opinions/interpretations)
.,.,
19
In "Students Shall Not Download. Yeah, Sure."(New York Times, 20.09.03), Kate Zernike describes the attitudes of students at Pennsylvania State University to illegal downloading of Internet material. She points out that while they are aware of the illegality, they think that is all right to ignore the law on this issue, just as they ignore the age limit on the consumption of alcohol.
.,.,
10
How to write a summary.
Notes:
the source (author--first/last name, title, date of publication, volume number, place of publication, publisher, URL, etc.)
.,.,
6
What is a Summary?
Rearranging words or substituting words is not enough. You must express the meaning of the writing in your own words. (But not use your own opinions/interpretations)
.,.,
19
In "Students Shall Not Download. Yeah, Sure."(New York Times, 20.09.03), Kate Zernike describes the attitudes of students at Pennsylvania State University to illegal downloading of Internet material. She points out that while they are aware of the illegality, they think that is all right to ignore the law on this issue, just as they ignore the age limit on the consumption of alcohol.
高一英语新人教版(2019)必修第二册英语概要写作Summary Writing3课件
transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends. Meanwhile, it is the safest method for
getting kidTsiptos1a:n要d fr点om提s取ch—ool—, a注cco意rd句ing子to关th系e 和Na信tio号na词l H句ighway
spaced seats and energy-absorbing seats.
Q1:Find out the first reason.
Q2:What's the function of the rest sentences?
Rewrite the point in our own words: Para.2
safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends. • ②These school buses meet more of the nation's motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicles on the road. Also, several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer, such as video cameras on the
getting kidTsiptos1a:n要d fr点om提s取ch—ool—, a注cco意rd句ing子to关th系e 和Na信tio号na词l H句ighway
spaced seats and energy-absorbing seats.
Q1:Find out the first reason.
Q2:What's the function of the rest sentences?
Rewrite the point in our own words: Para.2
safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends. • ②These school buses meet more of the nation's motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicles on the road. Also, several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer, such as video cameras on the
高一英语专题复习Summary 概要写作(课堂PPT)
4. Coherence Use the shortest possible transitions,like however,besides,because etc. 5. Number of words Write in about 60 words(40-80).
3
Tips: Ways of condensation 01 Use synonyms or synonymous phrases.
12
summarize Para1
Sometimes people use complaining to let out bad feelings instead of solving problems.
13
Pa r a 2
Sometimes, we use complaints as a conversation starter. Conversations that start with a complaint often have a domino effect. It may cause the listener to include his/her complaints in the conversation as well, which makes you think that you are not the only one facing problems. However, your good feeling won’t last long as long as you are always focusing on the negative.
A Narration B Argumentation C Exposition (说明文)
9
The elements of an argumentation
3
Tips: Ways of condensation 01 Use synonyms or synonymous phrases.
12
summarize Para1
Sometimes people use complaining to let out bad feelings instead of solving problems.
13
Pa r a 2
Sometimes, we use complaints as a conversation starter. Conversations that start with a complaint often have a domino effect. It may cause the listener to include his/her complaints in the conversation as well, which makes you think that you are not the only one facing problems. However, your good feeling won’t last long as long as you are always focusing on the negative.
A Narration B Argumentation C Exposition (说明文)
9
The elements of an argumentation
高考英语概要写作 Summary Writing课件 (19张PPT)
Structure (结构)
• In the UK, Physical Education (PE) is compulsory in state schools until the age of 16 – that is, sports are compulsory for as long as education is compulsory. Every year, more and more parents complain to their children’s schools about PE. They believe that their children shouldn’t have to participate in physical activity if they don’t want to. Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a crucial element of all-round schooling and our society’s well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places by which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic (有氧的) exercise.
• Finally, the pursuit for national sporting achievement begins in schools. If schools don’t have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out, develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it’s much easier to find suitable individuals if there’s a full sports program in every school.
高中英语Summary-Writing概要写作公开课精品课件
12
4.As a matter of fact how it affects our family relationships depends on our attitude toward technology. Actually, it is not technology but people’s attitude towards it that influences family relations.
the negative effect the reason
5
Para.3: However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships.
3
Read for structure
What is the phenomenon?
What are the effects?
What really matters?
…
negative & positive our attitude to technology
4
Read for topic sentences
Technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members. 47% said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their interests.
4.As a matter of fact how it affects our family relationships depends on our attitude toward technology. Actually, it is not technology but people’s attitude towards it that influences family relations.
the negative effect the reason
5
Para.3: However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships.
3
Read for structure
What is the phenomenon?
What are the effects?
What really matters?
…
negative & positive our attitude to technology
4
Read for topic sentences
Technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members. 47% said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their interests.
高中英语概要写作Summary writing公开课PPT课件
03 opinion + supporting details (evidences) +conclusion
1.Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.
02 5w&1h (who+what+when+where+why+how) +moral
summarywriting概要写作 PPT
Steps & Tips
H1、eWreeaigrehtsleovsesraisl
most ways
likely to to make
be successful that happen、
when
people
change
their
habits、
h2、eRlpeygouulalropohkyasnicdafleaecltgivoitoydbaunrdnskeceaplowrieesigahnt dofbf、uildWsamlkuinsgcltehse -f-a-bmoitlyh
phones, you will really benefit a lot、
t4oP、oorbteiosnitys、izeAsnaortehberigkgeeyr
than they used to be, and these extra calories factor in weight gain is that more p新题型之——
SSuummmaarryy Writing
I helped an old man in rags who had lost his way、
main point
details
I helped an old man
A summary iSs uamshmoartrys?tatement that gives
of which dog, cycling
to school, and doing other things that increase your daily level of activity can all
make a difference、
3、One reason people get less exercise these days is because of an increase in “screen time”--- the amount of time spent watching TV, looking at the puter, or
H1、eWreeaigrehtsleovsesraisl
most ways
likely to to make
be successful that happen、
when
people
change
their
habits、
h2、eRlpeygouulalropohkyasnicdafleaecltgivoitoydbaunrdnskeceaplowrieesigahnt dofbf、uildWsamlkuinsgcltehse -f-a-bmoitlyh
phones, you will really benefit a lot、
t4oP、oorbteiosnitys、izeAsnaortehberigkgeeyr
than they used to be, and these extra calories factor in weight gain is that more p新题型之——
SSuummmaarryy Writing
I helped an old man in rags who had lost his way、
main point
details
I helped an old man
A summary iSs uamshmoartrys?tatement that gives
of which dog, cycling
to school, and doing other things that increase your daily level of activity can all
make a difference、
3、One reason people get less exercise these days is because of an increase in “screen time”--- the amount of time spent watching TV, looking at the puter, or
高中英语-概要写作课summary公开课-课件
9
Reverse the expression Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. Chimp behavior was not fully understood before Jane.
10
Reverse the expression
When she first started her work, she could hardly get any help.
Help could not be got when she first started her work.
Little help was available at first.
3. Use some linking words to make a logical and coherent(连
贯的) summary
14
Advertisingbusiness world. Many industries take advantage of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors. Now advertising is everywhere and it more or less affects people’s life. The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they do not want at the start.
SnmmoJ( MJi才in6
一一 dJoO才iOol wo(s 才o Jas才o才a 才Va on才VoJ/s ipaos
Reverse the expression Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. Chimp behavior was not fully understood before Jane.
10
Reverse the expression
When she first started her work, she could hardly get any help.
Help could not be got when she first started her work.
Little help was available at first.
3. Use some linking words to make a logical and coherent(连
贯的) summary
14
Advertisingbusiness world. Many industries take advantage of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors. Now advertising is everywhere and it more or less affects people’s life. The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they do not want at the start.
SnmmoJ( MJi才in6
一一 dJoO才iOol wo(s 才o Jas才o才a 才Va on才VoJ/s ipaos
写作SUMMARY指南ppt课件
（2）安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保 持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用 较少的文字写次要内容。
完整版ppt课件
6
（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用 适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地 写出一些互不相干的句子。
（4）尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用 原文的某些词句。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要
果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么 你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题， 可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能 使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
完整版ppt课件
11
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：
His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.
可以概括为：He was very brave in battle.
He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.
可以概括为：He was in financial
difficulties.
从句。请看下面 的例子：
完整版ppt课件
17
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称， 从而把大段的对白简化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:“Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn't want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:“But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.
完整版ppt课件
6
（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用 适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地 写出一些互不相干的句子。
（4）尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用 原文的某些词句。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要
果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么 你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题， 可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能 使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
完整版ppt课件
11
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：
His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.
可以概括为：He was very brave in battle.
He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.
可以概括为：He was in financial
difficulties.
从句。请看下面 的例子：
完整版ppt课件
17
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称， 从而把大段的对白简化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:“Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn't want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:“But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.
高中英语：Summary writing(概要写作)课件
句型转化：
This is not recommended— Teachers are advised not to...
Teachers are advised not to use FLCAS to measure students' language anxiety instead of observing it in class .
Read and write
What can make students feel anxious?
Language Anxiety
Reading
1. What&
A. Narrative
(记叙文)
B. Exposition (说明文)
C. Argumentation (议论文)
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》
概要写作：
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）
词数少于40的和多余80的， 从总分中减去2分
3
Steps to help our writing
Step 1: Read Step 2: Underline key words/Make an outline Step 3: Rewrite the sentences in other ways Step 4: Make the summary coherent Step 5: Check to make the summary better
换词：observable—can be observeSd /ingontiaceldw/seoern/dfosund...
______consider — think/believe/hold the belief that… / in one's opinion…
高中英语概要写作Summary writing示范课PPT课件
Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients’ own sake. Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients---to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death?
• Not only in medicine, but in other professions such as law and government as well, practitioners（从 业 者 ） may find themselves repeatedly in the dilemma(困境) of choosing between telling the true information and covering it up. Therefore, there is an urgent need to debate this issue openly. Otherwise, people in our society will be blindly comfortable in the old saying, “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.”
• Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them of risks destroys their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate（恶化）faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
• Not only in medicine, but in other professions such as law and government as well, practitioners（从 业 者 ） may find themselves repeatedly in the dilemma(困境) of choosing between telling the true information and covering it up. Therefore, there is an urgent need to debate this issue openly. Otherwise, people in our society will be blindly comfortable in the old saying, “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.”
• Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them of risks destroys their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate（恶化）faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
高三英语复习课件：高考新题型概要写作(Summary writing)(共13张PPT)
• 1 涵盖要点（主+次），无具体事件； • 2 无语法错误； • 3 适当的连词，逻辑关系合理； • 4 不抄文中原句； • 5 第三人称； • 6 无个人观点； • 7 词数在60左右。
• Write down the summary writing based on the tips with your partners using some conjunctions(连词).
• A The life of black workers
• B The fight between Mandela and the te people
• C The stories between Mandela and Elias
• D The education of Elias
• 2 Match the main idea of each part.
Q11E:liWashwoaws earpeoEoliraasnadndlitMtleanedeulcaa?ted black worker. Mandela was a black lawyer.
Q22I:nWShoeruetdhidAthfreisctao.ry happen? Q33B: WechayudsideEElialisavsisint eMeadndeedla?help. Q44H: Heotwodldid hMiamndheloawheltpoElgiaes?t the correct papers. Q55T:Whheayt awlams othsetcdoniddinti’otnhfoarvbelacaknpyeorpiglehatt athtatatlilm. e? Q66M:Wahnodoreglaani.zed the ANC Youth League? Q77B: TehcoauughseElihasedwidna’nt ltikeedvitoolenacceh, hieevdeidtshomeierthdinrgevaimolenotf, wmhay?king black and white people equal.
(完整版)高一英语专题复习：Summary概要写作课件
Practice: summary writing
Step one Step two Step three
Find the topic sentence in Para 1
Underline the supporting sentences in Para 2，3 and 4
Summarize it in your own words, using transitions to make it coherent.
1.more than 80 words
2.tedious
3.contain detailed information
4.copy the original sentence
Sample 2
We may complain when we are unhappy. We expect others’ pity and recognition. We can’t feel truly happy when we always think in a negative way. If you are used to complaining in your conversation, listeners may also view things negatively. They will finally avoid you. I think we shouldn’t always complain to others when things don’t go smoothly.
summarize Para 3
Hanging out with habitual complainers may affect the way you see things in a negative pespective, which can also kill your creativity.
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4. Coherence Use the shortest possible transitions,like however,besides,because etc. 5. Number of words Write in about 60 words(40-80).
Tips: Ways of condensation 01 Use synonyms or synonymous phrases.
Pa r a 1
There are times when nothing seems to be working in our favor. We may use complaining as a coping mechanism when we are truly unhappy. However, there are many times when we don’t try our best and just want things to work our way. We may try to cover our faults by complaining about the unfairness of it all. These are expressive complaints where the complainer just wants to let out his/her anger or frustration, with no real intention of solving the problem. The complainer expects pity and recognition from the listeners although the results often disappoint him/her.
He had a very good command of English. He knew English well.
02 Turn complex sentences into simple ones.
He received a welcome that was as cold as ice. He received a(n)__i_cy__welcome.
Summary
What is a summary?
It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.
Basic requirements
summarize Para1
Sometimes people use complaining to let out bad feelings instead of solving problems.
Pa r a 2
Sometimes, we use complaints as a conversation starter. Conversations that start with a complaint often have a domino effect. It may cause the listener to include his/her complaints in the conversation as well, which makes you think that you are not the only one facing problems. However, your good feeling won’t last long as long as you are always focusing on the negative.
Summary —— Passage A
What would you do when you feel unhappy?
Will you complain to others?
Reading and understanding
Read for the structure. What is the style of Passage A?
A Narration B Argumentation C Exposition (说明文)
The elements of an argumentation
a strong statement of opinion
supporting evidence
the topic sentence supporting sentences
Practice: summary writing
Step one Step two Step three
Find the topic sentence in Para 1
Underline the supporting sentences in Para 2，3 and 4
Summarize it in your own words, using transitions to make it coherent.
03 Combine the sentences.
Hurry up. If you don’t, you’ll miss the train.
Hurry up ___o_r__ you’ll miss the train.
04 Replace direct speech with indirect speech.
1. No comments Don’t share your own opinion about the issue.
2. No details Omit detailed information, examples and dialogues.
3. No copying ➢ Don’t copy the original sentes.
Mary looked at Jerry disapprovingly and said, “You put too much salt on your food, Jerry. Stop it.” Mary asked Jerry not to put too much salt on his food.
Tips: Ways of condensation 01 Use synonyms or synonymous phrases.
Pa r a 1
There are times when nothing seems to be working in our favor. We may use complaining as a coping mechanism when we are truly unhappy. However, there are many times when we don’t try our best and just want things to work our way. We may try to cover our faults by complaining about the unfairness of it all. These are expressive complaints where the complainer just wants to let out his/her anger or frustration, with no real intention of solving the problem. The complainer expects pity and recognition from the listeners although the results often disappoint him/her.
He had a very good command of English. He knew English well.
02 Turn complex sentences into simple ones.
He received a welcome that was as cold as ice. He received a(n)__i_cy__welcome.
Summary
What is a summary?
It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.
Basic requirements
summarize Para1
Sometimes people use complaining to let out bad feelings instead of solving problems.
Pa r a 2
Sometimes, we use complaints as a conversation starter. Conversations that start with a complaint often have a domino effect. It may cause the listener to include his/her complaints in the conversation as well, which makes you think that you are not the only one facing problems. However, your good feeling won’t last long as long as you are always focusing on the negative.
Summary —— Passage A
What would you do when you feel unhappy?
Will you complain to others?
Reading and understanding
Read for the structure. What is the style of Passage A?
A Narration B Argumentation C Exposition (说明文)
The elements of an argumentation
a strong statement of opinion
supporting evidence
the topic sentence supporting sentences
Practice: summary writing
Step one Step two Step three
Find the topic sentence in Para 1
Underline the supporting sentences in Para 2，3 and 4
Summarize it in your own words, using transitions to make it coherent.
03 Combine the sentences.
Hurry up. If you don’t, you’ll miss the train.
Hurry up ___o_r__ you’ll miss the train.
04 Replace direct speech with indirect speech.
1. No comments Don’t share your own opinion about the issue.
2. No details Omit detailed information, examples and dialogues.
3. No copying ➢ Don’t copy the original sentes.
Mary looked at Jerry disapprovingly and said, “You put too much salt on your food, Jerry. Stop it.” Mary asked Jerry not to put too much salt on his food.