儿子与情人

西南大学育才学院本科毕业论文Oedipus complex of son and loves学院外国语学院专业英语年级2008级学号2008108115姓名李春羲指导教师刘朝汉成绩二○一二年五月Thesis: Son and Lovers reveals to us that how Mother Fixation injures the body and soul of people.Ⅰ. The information about D.H. LawrenceA. background of the authorB. Mother Fixation of the authorⅡ. Sons and LoversA. Main Contents of Sons and LoversB. Mother FixationⅢ. The Understanding of Mother FixationA. The Origin of Mother FixationB. The essence of Mother FixationC. The form of Mother FixationⅣ. ConclusionD.H. Lawrence was born in a broken family: he was deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. Before 1913 Lawrence was fell in love with a woman who was older than him. His work Sons and lovers is based on his life experiences have written. The hero Paul Morel was born in broken family. He was deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. This abnormal love influenced his whole life, influenced his twice relationships. Paul fell in love with Miriam, but they broken up at last bec ause Paul could not bear Miriam’s love, Miriam wanted to control Paul. The second woman in Paul’s life was Clara who was a married woman. The love also ended not long. Because of conflicts, Mrs. Morel was exhausted and she died at the end. From then on, Paul got rid of the shackles of his mother and led an independent life. Sons and Lovers, is a specific evidence of the Oedipus complex. Freud introduced the term “Oedipus complex” also called “Mother fixation” according to the Ancient Greece and Rome mythology in which Oedipus who killed his father and married his mother. After introducing the form and influence of Mother Fixation, the most important is the influence of Mother Fixation, it reveals to us that how mother Fixation injure the body and soul of people.Oedipus complex of son and lovesD.H. Lawrence was born in miner’s family of England in 1885. His father was a totally illiterate miner and his mother was a primary school teacher who was born in a noble family was a woman of strong character and refinement. The broken marriage of D.H. Lawrenc e’s parents led to an unlucky family. Growing up in a poor and broken family, the young Lawrence was physically weak and full of illness. He had a deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. Lawrence was a literature genius that he started to publish his works from 1906. In 1913 his most great work Sons and Loves published and the novel aroused strong reverberates in the literature world which established his position in the literature history. In 1912, Lawrence got acquainted with wife of a professor, Frieda weekly, who was 6 years older than Lawrence, a mother of three children. Then, they fell in love with each other and eloped to German, from then on, they led a vagrant life until he died. In 1903, Lawrence died in the south of France. During his lifetime, Lawrence published lots of works, such as Woman in Love, Rainbow, Sons and Lovers and so on, which are loved far and wide in the world.In the 19th century of England, the people were divided into three stratums. They were the upper class, the middle class and the lower class. People from different classes had different goals and they were treated different. So that family of equal standing were regarded seriously. Lawrence’father, the miner of course from the lower stratum was ill iterated and choleric with a bad temper. He got acquainted with Lawrence’s mother, a primary school teacher who was from the middle class. The woman was very pride and she always complained that her husband was vulgar person without any ambition and regretted that it was miserable to marry him. The unlucky marriage was born which was the basis factor of abnormal love. The arrogant woman put much attention to her son that she wanted to realize her dream to be the upper class. Lawrence was her psychological dependence. The son of the miner’s family grew up under the shelter of his mother, and engendered the abnormal love which was different from the common human emotion. After the death of his mother, Lawrence terminated the engagement with his fiancé. No soon later, Lawrence got acquainted with Fried Weekly and fell in love with her. At last, Lawrence and Fried Weekly eloped, which was regarded as the strong evidence of Mother Complex under Lawrence because Frieda, the wife of a professor and a mother of three children who was 6 years older than Lawrence and made up for the Mother Fixation of Lawrence. Such love was reviled by people because it had distorted the moral love.Paul Morel was born in a miner’s family that his father Mr. Morel was a totallyilliterate miner and his mother Gertrude was primary school teacher who was born in a good old burgher family, famous independents who had fought with Colonel Hutchinson, and, who remained stout congregation lists. Moreland Gertrude got acquainted at a dancing party, sooner they fell in love with each other and got married. But their marriage was a failure. Quarrels between the young couple never stopped because of different temperaments and behavior habits. More was a rough man without any ambition and Gertrude was an elegant and honorable woman with a great ambition that was the origin of their failure marriage. Gradually, poverty and discord was the theme of the family. William, Paul, older brother was a bright and capable boy and he got a job in England, became the economic prop of the family. Unluckily, the young man had a mortal disease and died. The younger brother of Paul, Arthur was a playboy that did not engage in honest work and joined the army without any thinking. Paul, the only boy at home, became the only hope of his mother, Gertrude. She tried her best to raised him and hope that one day he could get rid of poverty of miners and made up for her failure marriage. Paul did not disappoint his mother that he won credit for her. His drawing did not only win the prize but also sold for a good price. All of these he did was to please his mother and made her proud. The first girl fell in love with Paul was Miriam who was from the willey Farm. They held the common in goals especially in literature and painting. They really matched well. Unfortunately, the love did not last long. Their date was interfered with by his mother because she was afraid of losing his son. Paul realized that his faithful love belonged to his mother. When he knew that the date with Miriam had hurt his mother he regretted his behavior and could not bear, so that he decided to separate from Mi riam. The second woman in Paul’s life was Clara who was a married woman. Because of not getting along with his husband, Clara separated with her husband with a legal divorce. Clara was a wildly enthusiastic and sexy woman that Paul was attracted by her fascinatio n. However, the emotion in Paul’s heart, however, belongs to his mother. The people he loved most was his mother not the sexy woman. The love also ended not long. The love of Paul and his mother became mother complex from the love between mothers and sons. Because of endless conflicts, Mrs. Morel was mentally and physically exhausted that she died of tumor at the end. From then on, Paul got rid of the shackles of his mother and led in independent life.As we know, it is a tragedy for a woman to marry a wrong man, so was Gertrude. Because of a sudden passion, the girl, Gertrude from a rich and powerful family married the poor miner. When the passion disappeared she found the man was very rough and he could not be relied on. The endless quarrels made her dream broken that she lavished her love onher second son, Paul, after the death of the oldest son. There was so much hope on her that she wanted to control his son including behavior and soul, so that he would never turn the back on her and went with another girl. Once there were two girls appeared in Paul’s life, then the wars broke. The first war was between Gertrude and Miriam. Gertrude realized that Miriam was a formidable enemy who would deprive her son from her. As she knew his son had been in love with the girl who was every young and beautiful. The most important thing was that the boy and the girl found each other congenial and held the same idea in common, especially in the art world. They could communicate with each other in their minds, of which Gertrude could not do. So when Paul was late for home. Because of the data with Miriam, Mr. Morels was every angry and described Miriam as “one of those who will want to suck a man’s soul out till he had none of his own left.” Although she did not fight with Miriam directly, the war was very acute. She inflicted the pressure on her son and shrew her hate of Miriam and afraid of losing her son before Paul. That was a mental war. The pressure really made Paul mad because when his mother was upset he would fell remorse for her and tortured very much. Towards Miriam, she treated her coolly when Miriam came to visit her family sometimes; all the m embers and friends of the Morel’s family who followed Mrs. Morel kept distance from Miriam and isolated the girl. As to the obstruction, Miriam just sneered at Paul because she did no know why his mother disliked her and Paul just followed his mother. There was no doubt that Miriam would be defeated. Another war broke in Mrs. Morel and Clara. Mrs. Morel definitely knew that she would be the winner of the war because she was sure that her son would be tied of the Clara. After the first visit Clara to Paul’s family Morel Mrs. found that had something attracted to Paul. Clara was a passionate and sexy woman, of which was most attracted to Paul, a mature woman. But in Mrs. Morel’s mind, Clara could not keep the passion of Paul because she was a vulgar woman without deep thought that she could not master the soul of Paul and Paul should throw away his soul for this flippant traffic of triviality with Clara, even Clara had a husband. She was just waiting her son back. Clara herself al so realized this, although Paul’s mother treated her friendly but i t was cool in the old woman’s deep hart. She knew that they have to part sooner or later, even if they married, and were faithful to each other, still he would have to leave her, went on alone, and she would only have to attend to him when he came home. She could not master the hart of Paul bec ause she did not know that Paul’s hart belong to his mother not any other woman. Clara was the loser in the war.Gertrude, the pride woman who was from the rich and powerful family married the miner without thinking carefully. The dream of the young girl was to marry a good man,who was elegant, humors and enthusiastic with great ambition. So when she found that Morel was just the opposite her dream was broken and she looked for another people who would realize her dream. The death of her oldest son made her despaired until she rebuilt her hope on her second son, Paul, who won much credit for her. The life of Gertrude was full of sunshine and hope again. She tried her best to praise Paul to be a manly man. Her love just liked a chain locking on the neck of Paul. When Paul fell in love with Miriam Mrs. Morel obstructed the progress of the emotion because she did not allow any other woman to deprive her son from her. Mrs. Morel did not only control the behavior of Paul but also the m entalities of Paul that the boy’s hart only belong to his mother. In the novel, we can see that Paul deeply loved his mother that he obeys what his mother said and did what his mother wished him to. During his life, all he did were to please his mother. When he was a child, he walked all day, went miles and miles to look for blackberries which his mother liked, rather than own himself bea ten and came home to his mother’s empty handed. When he was away from home, he looked forward to get home earlier because he knew that his mother was alon e and waiting his back. In Paul’s eyes, his mother was an elegant, undisturbed and beautiful young girl. Every night, he would send his mother to bed and kissed her for good night. After the death of his older brother, William, his family ran into a predicament. The expenditure of the family was larger and larger while the family lived with the wage of 26 ponds of the miner, his father. In order to help his mother to manage the household, Paul got a job in Nottingham and offered his mother his wages. It was undutiful that Paul was a mourning son, but his main purpose was to help his mother. As to his father, he stood with his mother to be opposed to him, even he hated his father. When his father quarreled with his mother he even wanted to take the place of his father. He believed that his father mismatched his mother and there was no love in their marriage. Once he talked to Clara about love:“love is a dog in the man ger”. The situation just liked his parents, marriage because even if his mother did not love his father anymore or hated him extremely, their marriage still continued and his mother would never leave his father. His words hinted to us that Paul had regarded his father as his rival of love; also we can see that Paul replaced his father and protest his mother. The love of the son and the mother was blameless, but it gradually developed into a kind of abnormal love, mother Fixation. We can get the evidence from the novel, once a time, after quarreling with her husband, Mrs. Morel despaired and complained to his son that she never had a husband, a true husband. After hearing this, Paul detested his father very much even he wanted to kill his father, at the same time, he deeply realized that his mother did not only need a good son but also ahusband, and then he could not help touching the hair of his mother and kissing his mother’s neck, of which was the strong evidence of Mother Fixation. The abnormal love had affected Paul’s life and thought. Mrs. Morel became the core of his dream and life. His mothers interfered again and again in his love and scold Miriam. Paul was in a dilemma as to continue to get along with Miriam or separate from her. Once he thought that it would made his mother sad he was full of self-reproach and remorse. Finally, Paul decided to divorce from Miriam. Just as what Miriam said, Paul was a child, a four years old child that Paul did not have his own judgment of thought under the protection of his mother. What he did was to please his mother that once he went against his mother wished he would self-examine and mended his way. Though his second attachment without the direct interference of his mother, it gradually fizzled out because Paul could not concentrate himself on any other person except his mother. Once he said to Clara that he planted to go abroad with his mother and depended on e ach other from then on. In Paul’s mind, his mother was his companion in the future but not his lover, maybe there was no a love in his lifetime if his mother was still alive. When he got the truth that his mother had a tumor and was being died, the queer feeling went over him, as if the entire sunshine had gone out of him, and it was all shadow. When his mother died, Paul even wanted to go with his mother.In the novel, there were several complicated conflicts in the leading characters. As we knew, the novel was about the love between Gertrude and her son and Paul and his two lovers. The most prominent conflict was in Paul and his mother. With the complicated psychology, Paul had deep feeling with his mother. When his attachment with Miriam led to the objection of his mother, he regretted very much and could not help but obey his mother’s wishes. At the same time, the interference of his mother made him annoyed and detested and sometimes he would do something to hurt to his mother intentionally. Once he was late for home again because he had sent Miriam home and walked long distance, his mother was very angry and scold him. Paul responded that he was old enough to decide what he liked and do what he wanted to. He knew that his words hurt his mother but his hart was delighted because he vented his anger. Maybe it was a kind of reprisal for the controlling of his mother. Another example was that Paul’s mother complained that Paul was absorbed by Miriam and never let him a man. Paul told his mother that he liked to talk to Miriam. His mother could not understand why Paul could not talk to her. Paul said that they were at the same age and his mother was not so young that he could had his thoughts sifted through his mother’s mind and she was not his companionship. He knew that his response was the great revenge to his mother. The contradictable psychology came into theclimax. When he got the news that his mother had a tumor he was full of fear that he could not believed that his mother was leaving him. During the last life time of his mother Paul made his mother take an overdose of morphine which accelerated the death of his mother. Although his purpose was to accelerate the suffering of his mother, it was a vicious idea. He had been tied on to his mother died. So the death of his mother made him free. The abnormal love was inevitable crazy and it led to the abnormal psychology. The second conflict was in Paul and Miriam. Miriam was the first love of Paul and Miriam. Miriam was the first love of Paul and their emotion was innocent. Paul loved the girl but sometimes he hated her very much especially when their contact made his mother sad he would do something to raven to Miriam. When his friends and family disliked her and snubbed her, he stood with them. Once his mother and Clara had a vicious talk about Miriam he criticized them and paid his sympathy to Miriam. That was a complicated conflict. As to Clara, the passionate fasc inating woman interested Paul’s attention that he nearly got mad. His mother also treated her friendly, but Paul never belonged to the woman. His hart was only belong to his mother that he was not a complete man and he could not consent rated on other woman. He annoyed that Clara did not belong to him and loved him completely. How contradictable the abnormal man was. There was no winner at the end of the story. We also can definite that the novel ended with a tragedy. In the novel, the greatest loser was the elegant and arrogant woman Mrs. Morel because the saddest thing for a woman was to marry a wrong man. The broken marriage was her first failure. It was undoubted that Gertrude was loser of marriage. Of course, her husband Mr. Morel was also a loser of marriage and family. The death of the oldest son who won so much credit for her did not brought Mrs. Morel the tremendous will but the broken dream. Although she defeated Miriam and Clara in the wars, Mrs. Morel became mentally and physically exhausted and got a tumor and soon died after continuous confliction. It was the tragedy of Mrs. Morel. Because of interference and control of his mother Paul was deep in the wars of soul and sensory feeling that he could not own complete love and gave up his love at his body and mind were divided into two parts that his mind was fixed on his mother while his body with his lovers. It was undoubted that Paul was a loser of love. The most unlucky thing was that he lost his mother at last. Without his mother, Paul almost lost his goal and led a vagrant life abroad. Another loser was Miriam; the sensate girl was looked downed upon by her lover Paul and abandoned by him. The last loser was Clara, the married woman who had a broken marriage, was pensioned in love with Paul and could not escape from the love failure. At the end, Clara came back to her husband and recovered her life. All the failure was due tothe abnormal love, Mother Fixation. It had distorted the emotion of the mothers and sons and breached the moral principle of human being. It did not only harm the body and mind of a person but also destroyed the family. I think we should learn something from it and pursue normal love.Mother Fixation ( Mother Complex, also translated " Oedipus complex" ), refers to the son against father and love mother . This name comes from whose name is Oedipus in Greek mythology. The Theban king Layiesi received the tora warning: if he let his litter son Oedipus grown up, his throne would be threatened. So he ordered the hunter took his son and killed him. But the hunter could not bear to killed this lovely child so only abandoned the baby .Abandoned baby is discovered by a farmer and raised. Years later, Layiesi went on pilgrimage, in the road he met a young man and quarreled with the young man, and then Layiesi was killed by this young man. The young man was Oedipus. Oedipus solved the riddle of the sphinx. He became Thebes’s king and married with the queen whose name was IO Custer. Years later Thebes appeared pestilence and famine, people asked the Oracle, and knew the truth that Oedipus killed his father and married his mother. Finally, Oedipus dug his eyes, leaved Thebes and drifted. Freud put forward, the boy pursuit his mother in early time, he always wanted to occupy the position of his father, and always wanted to occupy his mother's love, this is called Oedipus complex. Freud believed that the Oedipus complex was an important factor to develop the individual personality, and he used to explain the origin of culture and society. According to Freud's theory, in early human development, father owned the sex demanding rights of his wife and daughter, then the son against father, killed and aet father. Because of the sin is great, the son felt depressed for his mother and his sister. The incest taboo and exogamy were appeared. The essence of Oedipus complex was similarity and complement. For example, the boy and his father were isotropic, because of similar, similar caused identification, the boy took his father for example, then he learnt his father, and imitated his father, his father's psychological characteristics and quality is absorbed by him, and he made it to become his own psychological characteristics. The boy and his mother are different genders, they can complement each other, learn from each other, depends on each other. This is the so-called love. Then, the basic interpersonal relationship was formed between the boy and his parents, this relationship can be summarize as" Oedipus imitation father and love mother ". There were some stages in Oedipus complex. First stage of the Oedipus complex appeared in three to six years old, second stage of Oedipus complex appeared in puberty, then the boy would not hate his father and love his mother any more, the other two elders would replace his parents, the elders could be hisparents’friends, could also be his teacher, could be famous historical figures or popular stars. Therefore, the boy becam e an adult, the Oedipus complex’s object became his younger peers, finally his younger peers would replace the two elders. At this time, the boy and other boys were formed friendship, and he would fall in love with a girl. Why the object of Oedipus complex were younger than before. This was the parents were not real object of the Oedipus Complex, the image of his parents was the object of Oedipus complex. The image of the bo y’s heart would not become old when he grown up. Therefore, the boy grown up, but the image of his heart would become more and more young than, and the object of the Oedipus complex also became more and more younger. There were two forms of Oedipus complex: cooperation and antagonism. They divided people into two groups, friends and enemies; the love was divided into two categories, the spirit of love and physical needs; they divided the woman into two categories, the goddess and whores; the men were divided into two categories, gentleman and lady-killer. The opinion about interpersonal relationship of People who had Oedipus complex was very extreme. Third Oedipus complex had two special forms. they were called" Antigone complex" and" Cain complex". " Antigone complex" was from the story about the theme of brother sister incest, and" Cain complex" was from the story about the theme of Compatriots killed . When the abnormal people got married and had children, the image of their parents was replaced by their children, at this time, they would love their daughter and imitate their son, not loved mother and imitated father any more. And this is the fourth of Oedipus complex. When the fourth of Oedipus complex was over, it was entered the fifth of Oedipus complex. Along with the fourth of the Oedipus complex end, the image of other children replaced his own sons and daughters.Oedipus complex would bring unfavorable effects to the male: the male who had Oedipus complex would not get on well with his wife; And the male would Lack his own idea to do anything, because he was very afraid to lose his mother’love , so his mother would help him to Make decisions, not by himself, because of depends on mother, the way of thinking and speech would very like female; the male who had Oedipus complex used to obtain, and did not know how to service for others. There are many ways to avoid Oedipus complex to appear: first, let him contact other family members; help him to find more friends, develop peer relationship; do not do many intimate actions like treat babyWork CitedBernard Knox. Oedipus the King. Pocket Press, 1994.Fan CunZ hong. History of English Literature [M]. Sichuan People’s Press,1983.A Modern Chinese-English Dictionary. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and ResearchPress,2003.Guo Qunying. British Literature [M]. Foreign Language Teaching and Education Press，2001./Wang Shouren. Selected Readings in British Literature [M]. Higher Education Press，2001. Brenda Maddox．有妇之夫—劳伦斯的生活[M]．海邹伦，李传家，蔡曙光译．中央编译出版社，1999．D．H．Lawrence．Sons and Lovers．贺广贤注释，西安：世界图书出版西安公司，2005．巴金.寒夜.上海文艺出版社出版，2005.弗洛伊德．图腾与禁忌．文[M]．良文化译，中央编译出版社，2005．弗洛伊德．精神分析引论[M]．高觉敷译，商务印书馆，1984．基思?萨嘉．被禁止的作家--D．H．劳伦斯传[M]．王增澄译，辽宁教育出版社，1998．诺埃尔．文学文本的精神分析[M]．李红书译, 天津人民出版社，2004．张定全．新编简明英国文学史[M]．上海外语教育出版社，2002．吴伟仁．英国文学史及选读[M]．外语教学与研究出版社，1998．王佐良，祝玉，李品伟欧洲文化入门[M]．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2004．摘要D．H．Lawrence 出生在一个破碎的家庭，他对他的母亲产生了一种非同寻常的情感。