BASIC WINEKNOWLEDGE-CHINESE
Basic wine酒吧酒品培训资料
Objective: 目的
to know at least 8 kinds of grape; 至少知道8 至少知道8个葡萄品种 To list the three parts of the grape; 列出组成葡萄的三个部分 To list the 8 steps for the production of wine. 列出酿酒的8 列出酿酒的8个步骤
2.Cabernet Franc:
Fermentation styles:发酵形式 styles:发酵形式 ---soft, fruity, unoaked in Loire, elsewhere usually ---soft, oaked. 柔和,果香浓郁, Loire地区外, 柔和,果香浓郁,除Loire地区外,大多地区需要橡木桶 陈酿 Where grown: 种植范围 --- Italy, New York, NZ Argentina, Bordeaux, native to France’s Loire valley . 意大利,纽约,新西兰,阿根廷,波尔多,原产地法国Loire 意大利,纽约,新西兰,阿根廷,波尔多,原产地法国Loire
3.Merlot:
Fermentation styles:发酵形式 styles:发酵形式 ---dry, fruity, usually oak aged ---dry, 干,果味浓郁,通常需要橡木桶陈酿 果味浓郁, Where grown:种植范围 grown:种植范围 ---almost all of the world, but native ---almost to Bordeaux 几乎全世界范围都有种植, 几乎全世界范围都有种植,原产地是法国波尔多
中国酒文化英文介绍Chinese wine culture introduction
Chinese wine culture continued to develop during the Qin and Han dynamics (221 BC-AD 220), absorbing influences
from other regions and cultures
The Characteristics and Influence of Chinese Wine Culture
• Seating arrangements: The host should greet the guests first, and then the guests should greet the host The seat of honor should be offered to the most senior guest
03 The drinking etiquette and cus
Table Culture and Etiquette
• Table setting: The table should be set with a clean and tidy table, and the placement of plates, cups, and wine bottles should be appropriate
Harbin
Another popular Chinese beer, brewed in Harbin, with a rich and malty taste
Yanjing
A Beijing based beer, known for its light and refreshing taste, and often consumed during hot summer days
中国酒文化英文介绍Chinesewinecultureintroduction
Significance of Chinese Wine Culture in Global Context
• Cultural Exchange: Chinese wine culture has played a significant role in cultural exchange between China and other countries Wine has been a popular gift for foreign dignitaries and has facilitated cultural understanding and cooperation
Business Dinners: In business settings, driving Chinese wines is often seen as a way to strengthen relationships and seal deals It is important to follow the lead of the host or the most senior person at the table, and to toast them before drinking
Geographic Indications and Terroir of Chinese
Wines
要点一
要点二
Geographical Indications
Terroir
China has a rich history of producing wines with distinct regional characteristics Geographic indications (GIs) are used to identify wines that originate from specific regions known for their unique terroir and production methods
Basic Wine Course
葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁
II Components of Wine 葡萄酒成分
• Flavor Compounds • Color & Tannins (in red wines) • Acids • Sugar • Alcohol • Water Notes: Approximate percentages by weight
Main Grape Varieties
主要葡萄品种 主要葡萄品种
Red varieties 红葡萄品种
Cabernet Sauvignon/加本力苏维翁 Merlot/梅洛 Shiraz (Syrah)/设拉子 Pinot Noir/黑皮诺 Sangiovese/杉济奥维瑟 Nebbiolo /内比奥 Zinfandel/仙芬黛
Rose Wine Making Process 玫瑰葡萄酒酿制过程
• If you allow only a few hours of maceration, , the wine will pick up some color from the skins, so , the wine is only slighted tainted then fermentation tainted, occurs normally without contact with the skins. 如果仅有短时间的浸渍,葡萄酒的颜色就不会很深, 如果仅有短时间的浸渍,葡萄酒的颜色就不会很深, 接下来的发酵过程中液体将不再接触到葡萄皮。 接下来的发酵过程中液体将不再接触到葡萄皮。 • Only Champagne can use the direct blending of white and red wines to produce rose wines. 只有香槟可以直接使用白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒的混合来 调制玫瑰葡萄酒。 调制玫瑰葡萄酒。
Wine knowledge
新世界葡萄酒 New World Wine
旧世界葡萄酒 Old World Wine
酿造的工艺注重技术, 酿造的工艺注重技术,酷似科学 酿酒的过程经过严格的控制 酿酒的酒厂或酿造者因酒而赢得声望
什么给了葡萄酒颜色? 什么给了葡萄酒颜色 What Gives Wine Its Color?
• 逻辑上说红酒来自红葡萄,白酒来自白葡萄。事实上,大多数葡萄汁是白色的,
葡萄酒品鉴 Wine Tasting
结构 Structure 酒体 Body 深度 Depth 香气 Aroma
葡萄酒品鉴 Wine Tasting
酸味 Acidity
丹宁酸 Tannic
橡木桶 Oak
甜味的 Sweet
葡萄酒品鉴 Wine Tasting
干净的 Clean 滑润的 Smooth 天鹅绒状的 Velvet 酒尾 Aftertaste
Chardonnay
Pinot Grigio /Pinot Gris Semillon
Gewurztraminer
Alsace, France
产地的等级分类 Wine Appellation Levels
法国红酒的分级 French Red Wine Classification
AOC
AO VDQS
Vin De Pay
Vin DeTable
Region wines from anywhere in Bordeaux 酒的来源是整个波尔多地区 District wines from with in a designated area 酒的来源是波尔多地区的一个指定区域 Village wines from a certain village within a district. The highest of all the appellations. 酒的来源是波尔多地区的一个指定区域的一个村庄。 Vineyard wines from a single vineyard of certain village within a district. Th e highest of all the appellations. 酒的来源是波尔多地区的一个指定区域的一个村庄的 一块具体的土地葡萄园,是最高级别
葡萄酒基础知识介绍Wine basic introduction
Present by Grape Plus Wine Cellar Inc.
6. 品尝葡萄酒/Wine tasting
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闻/Smell
闻酒香气的浓度和气味的种类/Smell intensity and types of wine aromas & flavors
Present by Grape Plus Wine Cellar Inc.
3. 形成不同葡萄酒的原因 What makes wine different.
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气候环境,葡萄种植区和葡萄酒生产区 Climate, the grape & wine regions . 成功的葡萄酒来自葡萄生长在足够的阳光,适当的水分和 气温的条件下。 The success of a wine will depend upon the correct balance between sunshine, rainfall and temperature. 冷热气候/Cool & Hot Climate 冷气候:主产白葡萄酒-酸度高低酒精 Cool: Mainly whites: High in acidity, lower in alcohol 热气候:主产红葡萄酒-高酒精口味丰富 Hot: Mainly Reds: High in alcohol, rich in flavors
Present by Grape Plus Wine Cellar Inc.
4.常见葡萄的品种/Grape Varieties
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Riesling
Chardonnay
Gewürztraminer Merlot
Shห้องสมุดไป่ตู้raz Cabernet Sauvignon
Basic wine training Material
葡萄酒世界:‘旧世界’与‘新世界’ The World of Wine:Old World and New World
Most wine is grown between 大部分葡萄酒生产 介于 32º and 51º north 北纬32度到 度到51度 北纬 度到 度 28º and 44ºsouth 南纬28度到 度 南纬 度到44度 度到
KEY WINE PRODUCING REGIONS OF THE WORLD 世 界 范 围 内 葡 萄 酒 主 产 区
The “Old World” 旧 世 界
France 法国 Italy 意大利 Germany 德 国 Spain 西班牙 Portugal 葡萄牙
The “New World” 新世界
South Africa Argentina New Zealand Australia
Germany California France Spain Italy
Chile
NEW WORLD WINES ‘新世界’葡萄酒 新世界’ 新世界
1. Primarily Southern Hemisphere 主要集中在南半球。 2. Labeling based mainly on grape varieties 前标都有葡萄品种注明。 3. 100 - 200 years of winemaking history 只有一两百年的酿酒历史。 4. Style tends to be for younger-drinking, powerful, fruit-forward wines 适合于浅龄饮用,口感强劲,果味充足。
Germany Wines Classification 德国葡萄酒的分级
酒的基础知识
人工或非人工增色
人工增色是指酒 的生产者为了取 悦顾客向酒液中 添加一定的色素 或调色剂,以此 改善酒的风格。
1023 Beverage knowledge Chapter 1
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酿酒的原料
• 可以用来酿酒的原料很多,可以分为 以下三种: 1、谷物类原料,如大麦、小麦等富含 淀粉的原料; 2、水果类原料,如葡萄、苹果等含葡 萄糖、果糖的原料; 3、其他类原料,如甘蔗、奶、龙舌兰 等。
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人们对酒香的感知有2条途径
一是在酒尚未入口前,对酒进行闻香,这种单纯 用鼻子闻到的香气,就是通常所说的酒的香气; 另外,酒被饮入口中后,在人体温的作用下,酒 中能挥发的香气在口中挥发,进入鼻咽喉与呼吸 的气体一起经两个鼻喉孔进入鼻腔,这时人所感 知的香气被称为“第二次闻香”。 第二次闻香与酒入口前的闻香感觉大不相同,这 是因为两次酒的温度不同,因而挥发的成分和量 也不同,更重要的是,酒液进入胃里后,酒中的 挥发性成分仍可挥发,经食道、喉管进入口腔, 再达到鼻腔。因此,入口后所闻到的香气实际上 是酒的香气成分和其夹带的某些口味成分甚至其 他成分的符合效果,所以较准确的理解应为“香 味”。
第二章
酒的基本知识
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1023 Beverage knowledge Chapter 1
中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒
1、中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。
总的来说,不管是古代还是现代,酒都和中国文化息息相关。
长久以来,中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。
我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴,在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。
作为一种文化形式,酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分,比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。
Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago. Generally speaking,wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people's life for a long time. Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell dinner, wedding, etc.2、中国书法Chinese Calligraphy中国书法历史悠久,它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式,也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。
beverageknowledge酒水知识
beverageknowledge酒水知识Knowledge of Beverage酒水知识To be able to recommend and selling, one has to know the different beverages, which can be divided into following groups: 能够推荐和销售,不同的酒水可以分为以下几类:1.D esert wine/Fortified wine。
葡萄酒/加强的葡萄酒2.A peritifs开胃酒3.S pirits/Hard Liquors烈酒/利口酒4.L iqueur/Eaux-de-vies烈性甜酒/5.M ixed drinks混合饮料6.B eer/stout啤酒/烈性黑啤7.S oft drink软饮料Dessert wine/Fortified wine葡萄酒/加强的葡萄酒They come usually from countries like Spain, Portugal, Greece, etc. The dessert wines are different to the normal wines due to sweetness and higher alcohol(16-22゜)他们通常来自西班牙,葡萄牙,希腊等国家,餐后甜酒不同于正常的酒由于酒的甜蜜度更高(16-22)a. Port 钵酒Port wine come from Portugal, it is prefer dessert wine or may be served before the meal. Some brands are Sandman, Tailor’s vintage port.钵酒产自葡萄牙,一般在吃甜品时或在用餐前饮用。
有以下几个品牌:三地文,泰勒b.Sherry雪利酒Sherry is specially known in England as an aperitif. It can also be served with soup. We know three types of Sherries –dry, medium dry and sweet. The dark sherry is always sweet and the light one is dry. Some brand is sandman amontillado, Tio pepe.雪利酒在英国是被人熟知的一种开胃酒,它也可以在配汤时饮用。
BASIC FOOD KNOWLEDGE(最全食物中英文对照)
基本食品知识BASIC FOOD KNOWLEDGE 西餐: WESTERN菜单: DEFERENT MENUS早餐 Breakfast:a) 欧陆式-Continentalb) 美式-Americanc) 零点式-A la carte d) 自助餐 -Buffet (欧陆式或美式) -Buffet (Continental/American) e) 中式-Oriental午餐 Lunch:a)中西零点菜-Chinese/Western a la carteb)套餐菜单-Set menusc)每天特别介绍-Daily specials d)自助餐-Buffete)特别肉烧车-Wagon specials晚餐 Dinner:a)中/西式零点菜-Chinese/Western a la carteb) 套餐菜单-Set Menusc)每天特别介绍-Daily Specials d)自助餐-Buffete)特别肉烧车-Wagon specials中午小吃 Afternoon Snacks:a)零点式-A la carte b)英式传统下午茶-High tea menu 食品烹饪方法WAYS OF PREPARING FOOD1. 煮 --放在摄氏100度的开水中煮。
Boiled to cook in water at 100°C2.扒 --直接放在高热炉中烤。
Broiled to grill3. 红烧 --放在有盖的锅里慢慢地烧(干)。
Braised to cook slowly in covered pan4. 烘 --放在干热的炉中烘。
Baked to cook using dry heat5. 炸 -- 放在煮开的油中炸(很多的油)。
Deepfried to fry totally covered in oil or fat6. 煎 --放在小量的油中煎Fried to cook in hot fat or oil7. 扒 --直接放在高热炉上或下中烤。
Basic Wine Knowledge
葡萄酒的基本知识原著:TOM STEVENSON一、什么是葡萄酒?1.葡萄酒的定义所有葡萄酒,无论是静止型、起泡型、加强型、或是加香型,都是葡萄汁发酵后的产物。
若按酒色来划分,葡萄酒可分为红酒、白葡萄酒和淡红(玫瑰红)葡萄酒;若按酒的含糖量来划分,葡萄酒可分为干性、中性和甜味葡萄酒。
以上各类酒的酒精含量为5、5%至14%不等。
加强型葡萄酒由于加入了葡萄酒精,而使其酒精含量提高到了15%至此22%。
起泡型葡萄酒内含二氧化碳气泡,气体会在开瓶时逸出。
2.葡萄酒的历史考古资料表明,葡萄的栽培可以追溯到公元气4000年。
虽然葡萄酒酿造的准确发源地至今还不能确定,但文明世界只不过是对大自然过程进行了改良。
十九世纪,人们已经能够制造更坚固的酒瓶和更紧的瓶塞,而路易·巴斯德(LOUIS PASTEUR)也在发酵方面进行了大量的研究。
这一切都促使酿酒业发展成为今天的一个庞大的经济产业。
3.葡萄结构的简要剖析葡萄的味道的不同在很大的程度上是因为葡萄不同品种之间的以下区别:●葡萄的大小:葡萄越小,风味越集中。
●果皮颜色和厚度:这些能决定葡萄酒(特别是红酒和淡红葡萄酒)的颜色及其主要的香味。
●酸糖比率:这能决定葡萄酒的甜度和酒精度。
4.气侯的影响葡萄对气候的要求很少,但葡萄树,一般说来,需在一定的限制下才能生长良好。
其生长的理想温度为年平均温摄氏14至此15度(华氏57至59度),而且夏天平均气温不能底于摄氏19度(华氏66度)。
夏天不能太热,秋天不能太凉。
春冬两季需要有降雨,且降雨量应是每年675毫升左右。
若夏秋两季雨水过多,也会对葡萄产生不利影响,另外,恶劣的天气对葡萄树的生长永远是一大难题:霜降、大风、冰雹和大雨都是主要的威胁。
5.土质的影响葡萄园中流传着一句俗语:土壤越贫瘠,葡萄酒越好。
这是因为葡萄树的生长需要排水性良好的土壤。
这种土壤保持一定的湿度但又不能含有太多水分。
暖性土壤,例如粗砂土、沙土和坏土,能保持一定的热量以促进葡萄树的成熟。
Basic_wine_knowledge
The pulp is the majority of the grape. It contains mostly
Three major parts of the grape 葡萄的主要组成部分 The skin contains all of the “good” tannins, color and
flavor of the wine. (tannins do not have taste, instead they give structure to the wine like a skeleton give s a body, Tannins make the wine full-bodied, more tannins in the wine is not always a good thing)
2.Cabernet Franc:
Fermentation styles:发酵形式 ---soft, fruity, unoaked in Loire, elsewhere usually oaked. 柔和,果香浓郁,除Loire地区外,大多地区需要橡木桶 陈酿 Where grown: 种植范围 --- Italy, New York, NZ Argentina, Bordeaux, native to France’s Loire valley . 意大利,纽约,新西兰,阿根廷,波尔多,原产地法国Loire
8.Sauvignon Blanc:
Basic wine training_110608
• 有着极具不同的芳香味 • 最好的产品产自法国卢瓦尔河谷 及 新西兰 • 在法国波尔多地区也用于与谢蜜 雍 调 配制 酒 • 如 经 橡 木 桶 陈 年, 会 有 烟 熏 味 •用 于 制 作 有 长 久 陈 年 潜 力 的 柔 和 白 葡 萄 酒。 • 在法国波尔多地区被用来与苏维翁白调配 制 成Sauterners 甜白酒及格拉夫白酒 • 也同样经常用来与夏多内调配 • 如果是未完全成熟,会有青草 味 •年轻时有芬芳的花 香 • 成熟期时可以表现出细致的油味 芳香
• Gooseberries 醋 栗 味
• Grass 青 草 味 • Herbs 草 本 味 • Passion fruit 西 番 莲 果 味 • Tropical fruit 热 带 水 果 味 •Candle wax 蜡 烛 油 味 • Lime 酸 橙 ( 青 柠 ) 味 • Pineapple 菠 萝( 凤 梨) 味
Chinese Wine 中国葡萄酒史
Chinese Wine 中国葡萄酒史作者:***来源:《英语世界》2020年第11期The Chinese do not see wine as one of the necessities of life, but the culture of wine has made, and continues to make, an impact on the way the Chinese live.Chinese alcoholic drinks are made chiefly from grain. Throughout China’s long history, with its large population and long-term reliance on agriculture, fluctuations in the wine trade have been closely related to political, economic and social conditions.Indeed, successive ruling dynasties either issued or relaxed restrictions on wine production according to the quality of grain harvests in order to make sure that people had enough to eat.In some areas the flourishing of the wine business was not just the outcome of general prosperity in good years, but also encouraged and invigorated the social life of the region.Traditionally, wine had three important uses: to perform rituals,to dispel one’s worries and to heal. Chinese wine making can be traced back as far as c.1 4000 BC, to the early period of the Neolithic2 Yangshao Culture.Chinese wine is traditionally based on grains, with only a few wines being made from fruit. In China, the practice of using grapes to produce wine probably dates back to the Han Dynasty (202 BC—220 AD) or the Three Kingdoms period in the Central Plains (220—280 AD).According to The Record of the Grand Historian, a monumental ancient Chinese history book, in 138 BC, the Han Dynasty envoy Zhang Qian arrived in the western region, seeing “locals make wine in ceramic pots and wealthy people store tens of thousands of kilograms of wine,which could last for scores of years”.The Chinese had originally acquired grape plantation and wine brewing technology from the Persians.Grape wine is easier to produce than rice wine. However, as grapes are seasonal and cannot retain their freshness for long compared to grain, grape wine-making technology was not adopted extensively in ancient China.The Tang Dynasty (618—907) saw increased interaction between Chinese and foreign cultures. During this particular period of time, wine was a valuable commodity in the Central Plains and there were stores in the capital city of Chang’an offering wine from the wester n region.Tang poetry also contributed to the rising popularity of wine. The Tang poet Wang Han composed the following Liangzhou Lines in the eighth century:“They are about to drink / The finest wine from Evening Radiance cups, / When the sudden sounding of the pipa urges them forth. / Don’t scorn them, / They whom drunken fall upon the battlefield: / In ancient days or now, how many return who go to war?”This often-cited poem recounts a feast of border defence troops in celebration of their victory in a battle. Halfway through the feast, news of renewed enemy invasion broke, and the soldiers immediately set out again.The pipa (Chinese lute) tunes made the poem sentimental: throughout history, how many soldiers manage to come back alive from the frontier?During the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian rulers were especially fond of wine. They decreed that wine be used in sacrificial rites at the Royal Ancestral Temple, and ordered the opening of wine yards in Taiyuan of Shanxi and Nanjing of Jiangsu. They even built a wine cellar in the imperial palace.The Compendium of Materia Medica describes two methods for making wine. One simple method was to “use grape juice for fermenting in the same way as the fermentation of glutin ous rice,or use dried crushed grapes if no juice is available”, while the other method was similar to the making of ardent spirits by “using scores of kilograms of grapes and fermenting them with raw starters in a caldron by steaming and then collecting t he lively red dews dripping off with a container”.Wine produced using these methods is certainly not wine in the modern sense of the word.“crushing grapes by trampling” in ancient Gaochang. This method is similar to the technique used by some small wine makers in Europe today.China’s wine production industry did not grow much during the Ming (1368—1644) and Qing (1616—1912) dynasties. The nation’s industrialized wine production didn’t start until 1892, when a Chinese tycoon3 Chang Bishi (1841—1916) founded the Changyu Wine production company in Yantai, Shandong.China then introduced more than a hundred varieties of wine and a vast range of wine making equipment from Europe, and recruited foreign wine specialists. Drawing upon the grape-cultivation and wine-making practices of European chateaux4, China produced fifteen varieties of brandy, red wine and white wine.In the late 1950s and early 1960s,following the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949,several varieties of grapes for making wine were introduced from Bulgaria, Hungary and the Soviet Union, and cultured intensively in China.Today, grape wine yards and grape production bases can be found throughout the country,and wineries5 are growing in leaps and bounds6.This often-cited poem recounts a feast of border defence troops in celebration of their victory in a battle. Halfway through the feast, news of renewed enemy invasion broke, and the soldiers immediately set out again.The pipa (Chinese lute) tunes made the poem sentimental: throughout history, how many soldiers manage to come back alive from the frontier?During the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian rulers were especially fond of wine. They decreed that wine be used in sacrificial rites at the Royal Ancestral Temple, and ordered the opening of wine yards in Taiyuan of Shanxi and Nanjing of Jiangsu. They even built a wine cellar in the imperial palace.The Compendium of Materia Medica describes two methods for making wine. One simple method was to “use grape juice for fermenting in the same way as the fermentation of glutinous rice,or use dried crushed grapes if no juic e is available”, while the other method was similar to the making of ardent spirits by “using scores of kilograms of grapes and fermenting them with raw starters in a caldron by steaming and then collecting the lively red dews dripping off with a container”.Wine produced using these methods is certainly not wine in the modern sense of the word.“crushing grapes by trampling” in ancient Gaochang. This method is similar to the technique used by some small wine makers in Europe today.China’s wine production industry did not grow much during the Ming (1368—1644) and Qing (1616—1912)dynasties. The nation’s industrialized wine production didn’t start until 1892, when a Chinese tycoon3 Chang Bishi (1841—1916) founded the Changyu Wine production company in Yantai, Shandong.China then introduced more than a hundred varieties of wine and a vast range of wine making equipment from Europe, and recruited foreign wine specialists. Drawing upon the grape-cultivation and wine-making practices of European chateaux4, China produced fifteen varieties of brandy, red wine and white wine.In the late 1950s and early 1960s, following the foun ding of the People’s Republic in 1949,several varieties of grapes for making wine were introduced from Bulgaria, Hungary and the Soviet Union, and cultured intensively in China.Today, grape wine yards and grape production bases can be found throughout the country,and wineries5 are growing in leaps and bounds6.This often-cited poem recounts a feast of border defence troops in celebration of their victory in a battle. Halfway through the feast, news of renewed enemy invasion broke, and the soldiers immediately set out again.The pipa (Chinese lute) tunes made the poem sentimental: throughout history, how many soldiers manage to come back alive from the frontier?During the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian rulers were especially fond of wine. They decreed that wine be used in sacrificial rites at the Royal Ancestral Temple, and ordered the opening of wine yards in Taiyuan of Shanxi and Nanjing of Jiangsu. They even built a wine cellar in the imperial palace.The Compendium of Materia Medica describes two methods for making wine. One simple method was to “use grape juice for fermenting in the same way as the fermentation of glutinous rice,or use dried crushed grapes if no juice is available”, while the other method was similar to the making of ardent spirits by “using scores of kilograms of grapes and fermenting them with raw starters in a caldron by steaming and then collecting the lively red dews dripping off with a container”.Wine produced using these methods is certainly not wine in the modern sense of the word.“crushing grapes by trampling” in ancient Gaochang. This method is similar to the technique used by some small wine makers in Europe today.China’s wine production industry did not grow much during the Ming (1368—1644) and Qing (1616—1912)dynasties. The nation’s industrialized wine production didn’t start until 1892, when a Chinese tycoon3 Chang Bishi (1841—1916) founded the Changyu Wine production company in Yantai, Shandong.China then introduced more than a hundred varieties of wine and a vast range of wine making equipment from Europe, and recruited foreign wine specialists. Drawing upon the grape-cultivation and wine-making practices of European chateaux4, China produced fifteen varieties of brandy, red wine and white wine.In the late 1950s and early 1960s,following the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949,several varieties of grapes for making wine were introduced from Bulgaria, Hungary and the Soviet Union, and cultured intensively in China.Today, grape wine yards and grape production bases can be found throughout the country,and wineries5 are growing in leaps and bounds6.。
中国酒文化英文介绍Chinese wine culture introduction
酒与名人Wine and Celebrities
☺Wu Song, a brave man from Liangshan in the Song Dynasty, drank 18 bowls of wine without a break, and then, barehanded, fought a fierce tiger to the death.
☺The alcohol content of the wine is generally 15% - 18%, which makes it a low alcohol wine.
☺Rice wine production is mainly centered in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River area, with the most famous place being Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
Fen jiu (汾酒)
•dates back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties •made from sorghum
Erguotou (二锅头)
Maotai jiu (茅台酒) •a history of over 200 years •originating from the town of Maotai, Guizhou •made from wheat and sorghum
药酒Medicinal Liquor
☺Medicinal liquor was made by adding to wine different kinds of Chinese herbal medicines such as ginseng人参, wolfberry枸杞 and the hairy antlers of a young stag鹿角.
葡_萄_酒_知_识_培_训(入门级)
澳大利亚
可追溯到1788年,葡萄酒的酿造文化是由来自欧洲的移民带到澳大利亚。 Main Grapes主要葡萄品种: Shiraz / Cabernet / Merlot 设拉子/卡本妮/梅洛—红葡萄 Chardonnay / Semillon夏多内/谢蜜雍—白葡萄
2020/10/21
之所以称它为“怪物”,是因为这葡萄酒 是利用极端的间苗方式酿造出来的,每一棵葡 萄树只留下二至四串葡萄,十五公顷的葡萄园 只生产7300瓶,就是在意大利当地都很难到手。
55年树龄的葡萄树酿出的葡萄酒,口感如 丝绸般顺滑,酒体浓缩,同时又保持了本土葡 萄品种特有的浓郁花香和蜜糖香气。需要注意 的是MIANI要醒酒后饮用。
这里具有温和的地中海气候,夏天和秋天干燥,收获季节没有下 雨的风险,在葡萄的生长期日夜温差达20度,是理想的葡萄种植地。 葡萄种植面积约有10461公顷,红白比例为84/16。此为前两年的统计 数据。
2020/10/21
匈牙利
2020/10/21
优良地区餐酒
DOC
Denominazione di Origine Controllata
地区餐酒Байду номын сангаас
IGT
Indicazione Geographica Tipica
Vino Di Tavola
2020/10/21
意大利葡萄酒种类繁多,但平易近人
2020/10/21
MIANI
2020/10/21
MIANI被称为北意大利费乌利州出产的 “怪物葡萄酒”。
2020/10/21
智利
智利的葡萄酒酿造历史开始于十九世纪初。在二十世纪中叶,葡萄酒的品质 得到快速的提高。包括投资引进现代酿酒设备和法国橡木桶及低采摘量,选 用高品质的葡萄等手段。今天,智利已经建立起可靠的,能生产高品质葡萄 酒的酒庄。不仅体现在普通价位的葡萄酒,同时也有 许多中高端价位的葡萄 酒展示给消费者。 Cabernet / Merlot / Carmenere Chardonnay / Sauvignon Blanc
葡萄酒 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
软,发酵缸中上层的葡萄以自身的重量压破下层葡萄,让葡萄自然发酵,随之产生的 二氧化碳便可将上层葡萄与空气分隔开来。这种葡萄酒有上好的颜色和果香,且单宁 酸的含量极低。
使用与品味
[编辑]
葡萄酒在欧洲广受欢迎,不论是作为饮料或是地中海式烹饪的佐料,在简单的 或是复杂的用途都被广泛的使用着。在烹饪中,它的价值不只作为一饮料,料 理人更借重它的酸度,使得料理更加的富有风味。在葡萄酒的世界中十分讲 究,不同的餐点应搭配不同的葡萄酒类。红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒和汽泡酒是最受 欢迎的,并且也被称为淡酒,因为他们只包含大约10-14%的酒精。 (酒精百分 比通常以体积计.)
赤霞珠(卡 本内苏维 翁)、梅 洛、卡本内 弗朗
勃艮地 Bourgogne 薄酒莱、夏布利、里昂丘、夏隆内、伯恩丘、夜丘、依宏希、马贡地区、普依、圣 黑皮诺 罗宏、苏维侬
香槟区 Champagne 欧伯葡萄园、白丘、西栈丘、汉斯山区、缅因河谷地
侏罗区 Jura et 与萨 Savoie
阿伯瓦、夏隆堡、侏罗丘、克雷皮、艾托勒、赛榭、布杰与布杰—胡榭特、萨瓦与 萨瓦—胡榭特
与白葡萄酒相比,红葡萄酒的酿造要灵活的多。一些法国罗那河谷的葡萄园,葡萄汁 浸泡可持续3个星期,从而可以释放出大量的单宁酸。而另外一些葡萄酒庄同样的葡萄 才发酵7-9日,因为他们希望所产葡萄酒单宁酸更柔和。
还有一种较快的酿酒方法叫二氧化碳浸软法,此法用未经挤破的葡萄进行发酵和浸
采收葡萄in the Coasts of Beaune in Burgundy
地不同的风土人情。
以葡萄酒而言,拥有不同的纬度、气候及地形这些自然条件,再加人文上的历史传统、政府的管制规定。现今虽非为世
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桑吉斯
• 在意大利的托斯卡那地区,桑吉斯用于生产托斯 卡那布鲁耐罗(Tuscan Brunello)和基安帝葡萄酒。 这些酒有新鲜的酸度和细腻的单宁结构,果香优 雅迷人,有温暖的诸如草莓和悬钩子的红色浆果 的气息。 • 桑吉斯在意大利以外很少栽种,但是澳大利亚开 始尝试。单一品种的桑吉斯葡萄酒果香有所欠缺 而且有类似金属般的回味。但是在加利福尼亚桑 吉斯显示出不错的潜力。
西哈/喜拉兹
• 西哈这个名字来源于喜拉兹, 是伊朗法兹省的首府。 • 在法国南部的罗讷河谷产区, 这个葡萄品种叫“西哈”; 在世界的其他产区叫“喜拉 兹”。
西哈/喜拉兹
• 喜拉兹出产酒体饱满、单宁强劲、口感和 果香都极为丰富的葡萄酒。有紫罗兰、黑 梅、野生草药、甘草和各种香料的香味。 • 喜拉兹可以说是澳大利亚最重要的葡萄品 种。在柔和顺滑的单宁结构的衬托下,典 型的喜拉兹有黑加仑、焦糖、咖啡、薄荷 和黑胡椒的气息;口感复合,强劲。
梅洛(梅鹿辄)
• 梅洛是另外一种广泛栽种的 葡萄品种,主要在法国、加 利福尼亚、澳大利亚、阿根 廷和智利。 • 梅洛可以酿成色泽鲜艳、带 有丰富柔和的水果口感的葡 萄酒。
梅洛(梅鹿辄)
• 在法国的波尔多产区,梅洛和卡本内苏维浓和龙 舌珠一起混酿,出产果香浓郁、层次复合、平衡 的葡萄酒,具有巧克力和蓝梅的果香。 • 在其他的葡萄酒产区,梅洛经常用来酿制单一品 种葡萄酒。在澳大利亚,梅洛出产酒体饱满,果 香浓郁的葡萄酒;在阿根廷,梅洛葡萄酒有丰富 的浆果般的气息和强劲的单宁结构;加州的梅洛 则集甘美的果香和柔和的质地于一体。
苏维浓•布朗克(长相思)
• 就种植范围和受欢迎程度来 说,苏维浓•布朗克仅次于夏 多内。 • 苏维浓•布朗克原产于法国波 尔多地区,但是法国卢瓦河 谷(Loire Valley) 和新西兰的 苏维浓•布朗克特色最为鲜明。
苏维浓•布朗克
• 和夏多内一样,苏维浓•布朗克也能够出产 风格迥异的葡萄酒。从清新爽口的圣赛尔 (Sancerre) 和普依富美(Pouilly-Fume) 到带 有明显黑加仑和醋栗果香,酸度爽口的波 尔多白葡萄酒。其如草叶般的清香,如泥 土般的清香以及矿物质般的气息绝对不可 复制。
葡萄酒基本概念
• 单宁
– 单宁是一种天然酚类物质,在葡萄皮、葡萄籽、 葡萄梗中可以发现。单宁也存在于橡木桶中,尤 其是新橡木桶。
葡萄酒基本概念
• 旧世界 vs. 新世界
– 这两个词汇都指的是不同国家不同葡萄酒酿制风 格:
• 旧世界指的是一些欧洲葡萄酒生产国,以法国、意大利、 西班牙为代表。 • 新世界指的是欧洲以外的葡萄酒产区,比如:美国、澳 大利亚、新西兰、阿根廷、智利等等。
榭米翁
• 榭米翁由于容易受贵腐 细菌(botrytis/Noble Rot) 的感染而出名。在波尔 多南部的苏玳区 (Sauternes)和巴萨克地 区(Barsac)尤为明显。
榭米翁
• 榭米翁葡萄酒具有陈年价值。在陈年过程中会形 成蜂蜜、蜜饯和巧克力的风味。但是其口感清新 还有柑桔般酸爽的口感依旧十分明显。 • 在新世界的葡萄酒产区, 榭米翁有时和其他的白 葡萄品种混酿,比如夏多内和苏维浓•布朗克来出 产口感清新果香浓郁的白葡萄酒,适合尽早饮用。
Basic Wine Knowledge
我们将向您介绍:
• • • • • 葡萄酒基本概念 常见的酿酒葡萄品种 葡萄酒酿制过程 怎样理解酒标 怎么品尝葡萄酒
葡萄酒基本概念
葡萄酒基本概念
• 什么是“葡萄酒” ? 葡萄酒是100%经过发酵的葡萄汁
• 葡萄酒的历史 据称最早的葡萄酒可以追溯到7000多年以前。 葡萄酒是由埃及人发明的。
泰普拉尼罗
• 泰普拉尼罗(Tempranillo) 是西 班牙里奥哈地区(Rioja)最重要 的葡萄品种。里奥哈是西班牙 两个顶级 D.O.C产区里的一个 • 但是从位于澳大利亚的帝王谷 到麦克拉伦山谷再从巴罗萨山 谷到玛格丽特河产区,泰普拉 尼罗正在冉冉生起的新星桑吉 斯的新贵地位正在受到挑战。
仙粉黛(金粉黛)
• 仙粉黛据说是起源于意大利南部。 不过在加利福尼亚仙粉黛出产独 特的葡萄酒并被认为是加州本土 的葡萄品种。
仙粉黛(金粉黛)
• 仙粉黛是一种风格多样的葡萄品种。能够 酿制成口感复合,单宁丰富,风格优雅的 红葡萄酒,也能够出产带粉红色的葡萄酒, 在葡萄酒行业里称为“白仙粉黛”。
桑吉斯
夏多内
• 夏多内典型的口感是青苹果、柠檬、青草叶、菠 萝的果香;如果适当经橡木桶陈年,夏多内会带 有香草的味道。 • 夏多内能够出产风格如此多样的葡萄酒。从有矿 物质口感入口微微带点麻麻的夏布里 (Chablis)白 葡萄酒到层次和口感都丰富到令人赞叹的蒙哈榭 (Montrachet);从奶油味浓郁,口感圆润的加州 夏多内到果香绽放,饮后让人舒畅的澳大利亚夏 多内,等等。
马尔贝
• 马尔贝是一种具有传奇色彩的 葡萄品种。马尔贝曾经广泛栽 种于法国的波尔多产区。因为 其色泽浓郁单宁丰富,用于生 产“黑色葡萄酒”。 • 所幸的是,马尔贝在欧洲爆发 葡萄根瘤蚜之前移栽到了阿根 廷。这之后欧洲的葡萄植株几 乎绝迹。 • 阿根廷现在是世界上唯一一个 种植未经嫁接的马尔贝葡萄的 国家。
比诺曼尼
• 比诺曼尼是香槟地区重要的 葡萄品种之一。赋予香槟圆 润的口感和果香。 • 因为能够抗霜冻,比诺曼尼 在香槟区的马恩河谷产区广 泛栽种。
比诺曼尼
• 比诺曼尼对于适合尽快饮用的香槟来说是 非常重要的。比诺曼尼对于香槟能够产生 直接快速的影响,但是相比黑皮诺来说, 比诺曼尼在赋予香槟细腻的口感和优雅的 气质方面稍显不足。 • 在一些高品质香槟中,比诺曼尼则用的比 较少。
葡萄酒酿制过程
白葡萄酒酿制过程
白葡萄酒酿制过程
温控发酵 白葡萄 澄清容器
Fouloirs à 榨汁机 rouleaux
整串葡萄
葡萄汁流出
温度控制 18-20°C
压榨
固体杂质沉淀
Pompe
发酵罐
添加二氧化硫
泵
泵
红葡萄酒酿制过程
红葡萄 葡萄榨渣的抽取 凉水 发酵容器 去梗 Remontage Stems removed 榨渣
1- 果肉 : 酸度和糖份丰富 2- 果核 : 单宁含量丰富,糖份和酸度 不足
2050 公升 头汁
500 公升 尾汁
400 公升头汁
100 尾汁
3- 果皮 : 色泽丰富,糖份和酸度不足
香槟的发酵过程
温控 澄清容器
整串葡萄
发酵温度 18-20°C
压榨
Press
酒糟 泵
发酵容器
Sulfites addition
泰普拉尼罗
• 经过陈年之后,泰普拉尼罗能够出产极具 珍藏价值和陈年潜力的葡萄酒。 • 里奥哈葡萄酒色泽鲜艳,果香浓郁,酸度 低,单宁度不高,微微带甜,经过橡木桶 陈年之后散发出浆果、焦糖、雪茄、巧克 力、薄荷和烟草的味道,但是其好喝上口 的特点绝不会让您失望。
夏多内
• 夏多内原产于法国勃艮第地区。夏多内以 其多变的口味、风格和口感征服了全世界。 • 此外,夏多内也是酿制香槟的三大葡萄品 种之一。夏多内赋予香槟细腻的质地,优 雅的气质和爽脆的口感。
葡萄酒基本概念
• 葡萄酒的分类
– 静态葡萄酒(无气泡酒)
• 红葡萄酒 • 白葡萄酒 • 粉红葡萄酒
– 气泡酒
• 香槟
– 加强酒
• 苯酒(玻酒) • 雪莉酒
葡萄酒基本概念
• 酿制葡萄酒神奇的方程式
– 糖+酵母=酒精+二氧化碳
• Terroir
– 这是一个法语词汇。字面意思是“土壤”。实际 上在葡萄酒栽培领域,这个词的意思是诸如海拔、 葡萄园的朝向、气候以及其他一些能对葡萄植株 生长和与之而来的葡萄酒产生明显影响的因素。
查曼娜
• 查曼娜也是世界上最受欢 迎的葡萄品种之一。这个 带有浅灰又有些许粉红色 泽的葡萄品种能够酿制成 带有金色光晕的葡萄酒。
查曼娜
• 在法国的阿尔萨斯(Alsace),查曼娜的水果 特色最为鲜明,可以出产伴有香料气息芬 芳富裕的葡萄酒。尽管查曼娜果香复合, 有淡淡的麝香也有强劲的胡椒般的气息。 • 查曼娜在美国和新西兰也有种植。但是所 制成的酒口感更加柔和一些。
卡本内•苏维浓(赤霞珠)
• 在波尔多及其次产区,卡本内•苏维浓制成 的葡萄酒有典型的李子、雪松、黑加仑的 果香。 • 在其他的产区,比如阿根廷、澳大利亚、 智利,卡本内•苏维浓葡萄酒的酒体十分丰 厚而且结构饱满;带有十分明显的红色浆 果的气息,比如草莓、果酱、焦糖。如果 在橡木桶中进行陈年的话,卡本内•苏维浓 还带有香草和吐司的香味。
马尔贝
• 马尔贝葡萄酒色泽深沉,口感强劲,单宁 饱满,有特色鲜明的水果香,比如蓝梅、 草莓酱、咖啡、雪茄。如果适当在橡木桶 里陈年的话,会有椰子的香味。 • 如今,马尔贝被誉为是阿根廷的葡萄品种, 尽管智利和法国也有栽种。 • 罗伯特帕克(Robert Parker),全球最知名的 葡萄酒作家之一。他预言马尔贝将是未来 十年最主要和最成功的葡萄品种。
内比奥罗
• 在超级托斯卡那诞生之前,在 意大利皮埃蒙特地区 (Piedmont)的巴洛罗(Barolo) 和巴巴雷斯克(Barberesco)地 区出产最好的葡萄酒。 • 内比奥罗的名字来源于nebbia, 在意大利语里是“雾”的意思, 足可以想象内比奥罗的采收时 间有多晚。
内比奥罗
• 在皮埃蒙特,内比奥罗出产层次丰富的香 味。有茶叶、玫瑰、甘草、和焦油的气息。 因为内比奥罗葡萄酒口感强劲、层次丰富、 酒体饱满,有“意大利葡萄酒之王”的美 誉。 • 非常不凑很难取得理想 的结果。
白诗楠