robotium学习笔记V0.2

目录简介 (2)Robotium provides the following benefits: (2)Instrumentation机制 (3)Q&A (4)Does Robotium support testing on real devices?（支持真机） (4)Is it possible to write a test case that spans over 2 applications?（不支持跨App测试） (4)Can I use Robotium if I only have the apk file?（支持无源码apk测试） (5)Can I use Robotium on pre-installed applications?（支持预装App的测试，需要root） (7)Can I use Robotium with hybrid (web) applications?（4.0支持web测试） (8)Can I take screenshots from inside of Robotium?（支持截图） (8)How do I run Robotium tests from the command line?（从命令行运行测试） (8)Robotium的缺点 (8)局限性 (9)NativeDriver vs. Robotium (9)TMTS vs .Robotium vs. Android Native Driver (10)其它工具 (11)Robotium自动化测试开发环境搭建 (11)基本使用方法 (11)例1 – HelloWorld (11)例2 –官方例子 (15)ng.NoClassDefFoundError: com.jayway.android.robotium.solo.Solo错误解决 (18)例3 –测试米聊 (18)多个activity的测试 (23)测试执行 (26)对象识别 (27)uiautomatorviewer (27)API (27)无源码APK测试方法 (27)关于apk签名 (29)框架设计 (38)测试用例管理 (40)Robotium 数据驱动测试框架 (42)RemoteControl (43)介绍 (44)安装指引 (44)测试用例开发 (47)1、创建AVD (49)2、创建Java Project (49)3、在Eclipse中运行测试 (51)FAQ (53)Tips (53)参考 (54)简介/p/robotium/Robotium is a test framework created to make it easy to write powerful and robust automatic black-box test cases for Android applications. With the support of Robotium, test case developers can write function, system and acceptance test scenarios, spanning multiple Android activities.Robotium has full support for Activities, Dialogs, Toasts, Menus and Context Menus.Robotium provides the following benefits:∙You can develop powerful test cases, with minimal knowledge of the application under test.∙The framework handles multiple Android activities automatically.∙Minimal time needed to write solid test cases.∙Readability of test cases is greatly improved, compared to standard instrumentation tests.∙Test cases are more robust due to the run-time binding to GUI components.∙Blazing fast test case execution.∙Integrates smoothly with Maven or Ant to run tests as part of continuous integration.Instrumentation机制刚好前段时间也研究了一下Android的自动化测试框架。

感觉用起来还是比较方便的。

几点体会也一起和大家交流下，有一些内容还在慢慢学习中：1.Java5（2004-10）开始推出了Instrumentation，这是一个可以在main之前Java虚拟机加载类时改变Java类字节码或类classpath等内容的工具，同时JDK1.6还提供了运行过程中的动态改变，如在方法执行前后加入度量时间的代码，使Java代码可度量就是一个很典型的应用。

不过这需要涉及到Java字节码有较深入的理解进行字节码直接编辑改写，或者需要借助开源字节码项目如bcel，ASM或javassist等，以简化对字节码的操作。

2.Instrumentation与Btrace。

Btrace是基于Instrumentation和ASM的，只要理解了Instrumentation的原理和ASM对字节码的操作原理，了解Btrace就不困难了。

3.Android的测试框架robotium框架，使用的类也是Instrumentation，其原理应该也类似。

为某工程新建了一个测试工程，在安装原有工程项目时，也将测试的工程项目安装到AVD （模拟器）上面，同时通过测试的工程项目来与运行时的项目交互，触发其组件的动作等。

这种方法的缺点是要求两个项目同时安装到AVD上面。

Google将会考虑采取Remote Control 的方式实现自动化测试框架，类似于selenium的Remote Control，即在AVD上运行一个监控程序，而测试项目只需要连接这个监控程序，并发送相应的指令即可与程序进行交互，进行测试。

希望早日实现这种方式~，目前的自动化测试使用前种方法也可。

Robotium其底层仍是采用Android的Instrumentation！4.Android的Instrumentation对某个监控程序进行交互时，其大致采用如下步骤：1）启动时将项目配置文件AndroidManifest.xml文件中的instrumentation标签中的内容进行初始化，其中标明了所使用的测试运行类，目标项目的包名等2）执行测试时（可用adb命令触发），将启动目标应用的Activity，同时将待测试ActivityThread 作为一个引用进行初始化，如果找不到目标应用则会报错3）在测试时测试项目的任何对目标项目进行的操作，都会用异步的方式，将消息体放在目标程序的MessageQueue里面，这样目标程序在看到自己的MessageQueue里有内容时，就会执行之。

整个初始化过程还有待研究，关键应该是在于AndroidManifest.xml文件中内容的标识Q&Ahttps:///p/robotium/wiki/QuestionsAndAnswersDoes Robotium support testing on real devices?（支持真机）Yes it does. One just needs to connect the device to the computer and execute the tests as usual. There can be issues with some vendor customizations of Android, but many times it is possible to get around the incompatibilities by using other Robotium methods.Is it possible to write a test case that spans over 2 applications?（不支持跨App测试）No, that is not possible. In the AndroidManifest.xml you state which target application you want to test. An example of what it can look like:<instrumentation android:targetPackage="com.example.android.notepad"android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"/>That means that the test project is locked to the targetPackage. Going outside of that target package is not allowed by the Android platform. Therefore you will need 2 test projects, one for each application.Can I use Robotium if I only have the apk file?（支持无源码apk测试）Yes you can. You do not need to have the source code. More information is found here.https:///p/robotium/wiki/RobotiumForAPKFilesWith Robotium it is possible to run test cases on applications where you only have the apk file.For step by step instructions with images download this tutorial.IntroductionThe .apk file has to have the same signature as your test project. If you do not have the signature key of the .apk file then you need to remove the signature and resign it with you own key, android debug key can be used. A drag and drop java tool can be downloaded from here which strips the apk file from its signature and then signs it with your android debug key. If the new apk is not saved then try to run the re-sign tool as an administrator. In windows that would be done by right clicking the re-sign.jar and select run as administrator. In OS X it can be done by opening up the terminal and then "sudo java -jar re-sign.jar".The android debug key is used by Eclipse when signing applications and test projects before installing them on the emulator/device. Many times it is easier to just use that key when resigning the apk.DetailsTo make this work you need to know the package name and the launcher activity name. Those can be obtained by starting the application in the emulator and whatching the logs (adb logcat). The log shows what the package name and the activity name are. An example of how the log message can look like: "Starting activity: Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=UNCHER? flg=0x10200000cmp=com.example.android.notepad/.NotesList"That means that the package name is: com.example.android.notepad and the launcher activity name(LAUNCHER_ACTIVITY_FULL_CLASSNAME in the example below) is: com.example.android.notepad.NotesListWhen you have that information you do the following:In your test project's AndroidManifest.xml in Eclipse, set the target package to the package name you found above.Write your test class like this: (the example here is for NewsRob)package com.yourcompany.yourtestname;import com.jayway.android.robotium.solo.Solo;import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")public class ReallyBlackboxTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2{private static final String LAUNCHER_ACTIVITY_FULL_CLASSNAME ="com.newsrob.DashboardListActivity";private static Class<?> launcherActivityClass;static{try{launcherActivityClass =Class.forName(LAUNCHER_ACTIVITY_FULL_CLASSNAME);}catch(ClassNotFoundException e){throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public ReallyBlackboxTest()throws ClassNotFoundException{super(launcherActivityClass);}private Solo solo;@Overrideprotected void setUp()throws Exception{solo =new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity());}public void testCanOpenSettings(){solo.pressMenuItem(0);}@Overridepublic void tearDown()throws Exception{solo.finishOpenedActivities();}}Can I use Robotium on pre-installed applications?（支持预装App的测试，需要root）Yes you can if you have a rooted phone. More information is found here.https:///p/robotium/wiki/RobotiumForPreInstalledApps需要root！！！重签名With Robotium it is possible to run test cases on applications that are pre-installed. For this to work you need to resign the pre-installed application with the same certificate signing of your test project. That requires you to have a rooted phone as you must have access to the/system/app folder on the device.Observe that some pre-installed applications do not function properly when re-installed with a new certificate signing. An example is the contacts application (Contacts.apk) that does not show up when re-signed.DetailsThere are some steps that you need to follow to make it work:1. Log in as root: adb root2. Remount: adb remount3. adb pull /system/app/X.apk (Replace X with the name of the application)4. Resign X.apk so that it has the same certificate signing as the test project5. adb pull /data/system/packages.xml6. Open packages.xml and remove:<package name="com.X">.....</package>7. Push packages.xml back to device: adb push packages.xml /data/system8. Restart your device9. Push the resigned X.apk back to the device: adb push X.apk /system/app10. Follow the details sectionCan I use Robotium with hybrid (web) applications?（4.0支持web测试）Yes you can. Since Robotium 4.0, applications with web content are supported.Can I take screenshots from inside of Robotium?（支持截图）Yes you can. Use takeScreenshot() to save a screenshot in "/sdcard/Robotium-Screenshots/". Observe that this functionality requires write permission (android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) in the AndroidManifest.xml of the application under test.How do I run Robotium tests from the command line?（从命令行运行测试）By using this command:adb shell am instrument -w com.android.foo/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunnerWhere com.android.foo is the name of your test project's package. More on this can be found here.For Users Not Developing In EclipseAndroid provides tools for creating test applications using a code editor and command-line tools./tools/testing/activity_test.htmlRobotium的缺点无法对WebView进行操作Robotium提供的API是面向过程的，测试代码的可扩展性差Instrumentation框架下testapp和app运行在一个进程中，app crash会导致testapp一并crash参考：/blogs/qa?bid=13054局限性1.对于复杂的布局，目前的方法有可能无法获取所需的数据2.对于自定义的布局，必须通过导入源码的方式，调用自定义布局的方法进行验证，增加了编码的难度3.验证的方式大多数基于UI上的数据，无法检查UI布局的视觉问题。