Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——过去分词作表语和状语

Section ⅢGrammar——过去分词作表语
和状语
一、过去分词作表语
[合作探究]
We all were amazed to see such a beautiful park.
看到这么漂亮的公园，我们都很惊讶。

Where are these amazing photos you say?
你说的这些神奇照片在哪里？
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。

[自主发现1]
①过去分词作表语与其逻辑主语是被动关系。

而动词-ing形式作表语，与其逻辑主语是主动关系，表示抽象的、经常性的动作、习惯。

②凡表示“令人……的”都用动词-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用过去分词。

这类词常见的有：interesting使人感到高兴→interested感到高兴的；exciting 令人激动的→excited感到激动的；delighting令人高兴的→delighted感到高兴的；disappointing令人失望的→disappointed感到失望的；encouraging令人鼓舞的→encouraged感到鼓舞的；pleasing令人愉快的→pleased感到愉快的；puzzling
令人费解的→puzzled感到费解的；satisfying令人满意的→satisfied感到满意的；worrying令人担心的→worried感到担心的
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时，一般可在句中表示时间、原因和伴随状态等。

[合作探究]
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这个城市非常美丽。

The teachers stood there talking，surrounded by the students.
老师们站在那里谈话，周围都是学生。

Seeing the cat，the mouse ran off.老鼠看见猫，就跑了。

Lost/Absorbed/Buried in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。

[自主发现2]
①过去分词作状语与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已经发生。

②动词-ing作状语与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。

③部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。

这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated (坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed (沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of (厌烦了)等。

[巩固内化1]单句语法填空
①She was excited (excite) when arriving at the top of the mountain.
②Travelling is interesting but tiring (tire).
③People cannot but feel puzzled (puzzle)，how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
④His victory in the final was no more convincing (convince) than I had expected.
⑤They were very excited (excite) at the news.
[巩固内化2]补全句子
①He went out, shutting__the__door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。

②Given__more__encouragement,__the boy could have behaved better.
如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。

③Born__in__this__beautiful__town,__he hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。

④Reading__carefully,__he found something he hadn’t known before.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。

⑤Followed__by__his__students,__the teacher walked out of the classroom.
老师被学生们跟着走出了教室。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging (range)from butterflies to elephants.
2.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend)with his students.
3.Many Chinese brands，having__developed (develop) their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.
4.Ordered (order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
5.Suddenly，the bus taking (take) us to the hotel broke down last week.
6.Inspired (inspire) by the spirit of the spider，the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully.
7.The situation in the countryside is encouraging(encourage)now.
8.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing (allow) more patients to be treated.
9.I was worried (worry) and decided to take her to a hospital.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.Not__knowing__what__to__do,__he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2.Faced__with__difficulties,__we must try to overcome them.遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。

3.Having__been__discussed__several__times,__the decision was finally made.
进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。

4.Written__in__a__hurry,__this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

5.The girl sat at__the__table__reserved by her in advance.
那个女孩坐在她事先预定的那张桌子旁。

6.The__door__remained__locked when he came again.
他再来时，门还是锁着的。

7.The news that he heard just now was__astonishing.
他刚才听到的消息令人震惊。

8.The speech was so inspiring__that__they__all__were__excited.
演讲很鼓舞人心，他们都很激动。